Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Bile Acid Supplementation Reduced Hepatic Lipid Deposition and Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and the Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets","authors":"Yueqin Qiu ,&nbsp;Shilong Liu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Zongyong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuefen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early weaning may induce significant oxidative stress in piglets, potentially leading to hepatic lipid deposition and adversely affecting both metabolic health and growth.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of bile acids (BA) supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism in weaned piglets.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Sixty-four 21-d-old weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire); 8.21 ± 0.20 kg body weight] were randomly divided into 2 groups (8 pens per group, 2 castrated males and 2 females per pen). Piglets received either a control diet (CON) or CON supplemented with 500 mg BA per kilogram of diet (BA) for 14 d. Growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism–related gene and protein expression, BA profiles in the liver and ileum, and ileal microbiota (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing) were determined. Data were analyzed using 2-tailed unpaired t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the CON group, the BA group showed significant reductions in serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol, and hepatic TG (49.2%, 45.7%, and 40.7%, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), alongside a 69.9% increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). BA supplementation significantly downregulated hepatic lipogenesis-related genes and proteins but upregulated lipolysis-related genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Hepatic lipidomics showed that BA supplementation increased phosphatidylcholine (83.0%), whereas reducing triacylglycerols (84.9%), sphingomyelins (54.7%), and diacylglycerols (73.2%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). BA supplementation significantly increased hepatic conjugated BA (54.2%), cholic acid (162%), chenodeoxycholic acid (270%), and the hepatic expression of farnesoid X receptor (57.0%), small heterodimer partner (73.7%), and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (110%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, BA supplementation significantly decreased the ileal abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em> (14.38%) but increased the abundance of <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</em> (447%) and <em>Blautia</em> (134%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that hepatic BAs and ileal microbiota had strong correlations with serum total cholesterol and TG, hepatic TG, and lipogenesis-related genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results suggest that BA supplementation reduces hepatic lipid deposition in weaned piglets by modulating BA metabolism and gut microbiota composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Alcohol Extraction of Turmeric Decoction-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles on Amelioration of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","authors":"Yiping Li ,&nbsp;Huiwen Yao ,&nbsp;Meiling Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoxiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaoliu Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yanmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Rongzeng Huang ,&nbsp;Chengwu Song ,&nbsp;Shuna Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.) is widely used as both a food and medicinal herb, exhibiting potent hypolipidemic properties. Although traditional turmeric decoctions are typically prepared with water or low-concentration alcohol, how alcohol affects the composition and bioactivity of turmeric decoction-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) remains largely unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study elucidates the impact of low-concentration alcohol on the physicochemical characterization and metabolites of TELNs and confirms their potential in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study isolated TELNs from decoctions prepared with different alcohol concentrations (0%, 10%, and 20%, respectively) using a size exclusion chromatograph. Their morphology, particle size, concentration, and zeta potential were characterized and compared. Untargeted metabolomics was further employed to analyze differences in TELNs exposed to different alcohol concentrations. A mouse model of MASLD was established through high-fat diet induction. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of TELNs extracted with different alcohol concentrations was evaluated through oral administration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that although alcohol concentration did not affect the physicochemical properties of TELNs, it significantly altered their metabolite composition. Animal experiments of MASLD showed that oral administration of TELNs in all groups could ameliorate MASLD [serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, liver TG, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05] with the 0% alcohol group exhibiting the most pronounced therapeutic effect (serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, TG, liver TG, all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study elucidates the impact of low-concentration alcohol on the physicochemical characterization and metabolites of TELNs and confirms their potential in treating MASLD. By integrating traditional turmeric decoction preparation methods with modern nanotechnology, this research provides new insights into the application of turmeric and the effects of alcohol on TELNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supranutrition of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Affects Intestinal Structure and Function of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Sahil Kalia ,&nbsp;Keith J Ou ,&nbsp;Zackary Johnson ,&nbsp;Xin Gen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Impacts of supranutritions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on nutritional physiology of small intestines of chickens remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study was to determine effects of supranutrition of DHA, EPA, and vitamin D (VD) on molecular and biochemical responses of intestinal morphology and integrity, inflammatory and redox status, and nutrient transporters in broiler chickens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Day-old chicks (6 cages per diet, 6 chicks per cage) were fed the following: <em>1</em>) corn and soybean meal basal diet (BD), <em>2</em>) BD + DHA (1.5 g DHA/kg, DHA), <em>3</em>) BD + DHA + EPA ( 0.3 g EPA/kg, DHA + EPA), <em>4</em>) BD + DHA + VD (6000 IU/kg of diet, DHA + VD), or <em>5</em>) BD + DHA + EPA + VD (DHA + EPA + VD) for 3 wk. Gut integrity and levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), protein, and/or activity of selected biomarkers of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were assessed after chicks were challenged with dextran sulfate sodium.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with BD, DHA, DHA + EPA, and DHA + VD decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) gut penetration of administered fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (24%‒32%) following the dextran sulfate sodium challenge. These diets enhanced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) a tight junction protein, villus heights (8.9%‒18%), and mRNA concentrations of glucose and amino acid transporters (18%‒144%), but decreased mRNA, protein, and/or activity levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 in the duodenum. DHA + EPA + VD produced extra inhibitions of inflammatory gene expression over the combinations of 2 nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Feeding chickens with 1.5 g of DHA, 0.3 g of EPA, and 6,000 IU of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ per kilogram diet exerted positive effects on intestinal morphology and integrity, inflammatory and redox status, and gene expression of glucose and amino acid transporters, but downregulated the redox systems. Our data reveal biosafety benefits and metabolic wellness in the intestines of chickens receiving the supranutrition of DHA, EPA, and VD for biofortifying their products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caloric Restriction Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behaviors by Mitigating Neuroinflammation and Insulin Signaling Dysregulation in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model","authors":"Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Jiashuo Lu ,&nbsp;Wenying Gao ,&nbsp;EeMien Chan ,&nbsp;Yali Zhang ,&nbsp;Kunyi Huang ,&nbsp;Anqi Xu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang ,&nbsp;Kaizhuo Sang ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caloric restriction (CR) is reported to promote longevity and improve metabolism in different species, such as rodents and flies. However, limited studies have examined the effects of CR on obesity-associated psychiatric disorders and the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of CR on obesity-associated anxiety-like behavior in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 mice (<em>n</em> = 24) were randomized into the standard diet group and the HFD group (fed on an HFD for 8 wk to induce obesity). The mice in the HFD group (<em>n</em> = 16) were further randomized into the following 2 groups for an additional 4-wk dietary intervention: the HFD group and calorie-restricted HFD (HFCR) group (received 70% of the mean daily food intake in the previous 3 d). Mouse body weight, anxiety-like behaviors, peripheral insulin sensitivity, central insulin signaling, and fecal microbiota were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFCR effectively mitigated HFD-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, demonstrating significant reductions in final body weight (−28.0%), glucose area under the curve (−30.7%), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (−58.8%) compared with the HFD group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). HFCR also significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors in open-field and elevated plus maze tests (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Mechanistically, HFCR suppressed neuroinflammatory pathways by inhibiting NF-κB activation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, while concurrently improving central insulin sensitivity via the insulin receptor substrate 1/Akt pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, HFCR remodeled the gut microbiota profile and markedly increased fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, with acetic acid and propionic acid levels rising by 107.7% and 57.0%, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, our data indicate that CR, even without a change in dietary composition, could attenuate HFD-induced anxiety symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, suppressing neuroinflammation, and regulating the brain insulin signaling pathway in adult male obese mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"With Appreciation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Injection of IL-6, but not Hepcidin, Results in Hypozincemia but Does not Inhibit Dietary Zinc Absorption in Mice","authors":"Stephen R Hennigar ,&nbsp;James A Schairer Jr. ,&nbsp;Alyssa M Kelley ,&nbsp;James P McClung","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin has been shown to attenuate zinc efflux in human intestinal Caco-2 cells; however, its role in regulating intestinal zinc absorption in vivo remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hepcidin, and its upstream regulator IL-6, on intestinal zinc absorption in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 30 ppm zinc and 10 ppm iron for 2 wk. After the run-in diet, mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline or physiologically relevant doses of IL-6 or hepcidin peptide (<em>n =</em> 18/treatment). Immediately after injection, mice were given an oral gavage containing ⁶⁷Zn. Tissues were collected 3, 6, and 24 h later. Dietary zinc absorption was assessed by measuring ⁶⁷Zn appearance in plasma and liver by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc comparisons were used to assess the effects of dose within a treatment (hepcidin or IL-6), time, and their interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both IL-6 and hepcidin reduced plasma iron concentrations by ∼25% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). IL-6 (<em>P</em> = 0.03), but not hepcidin (<em>P</em> = 0.37), induced hypozincemia. Neither IL-6 nor hepcidin inhibited the appearance of ⁶⁷Zn in plasma or liver of mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings from this in vivo study demonstrate that acute increases in IL-6, but not hepcidin, contribute to the hypozincemia observed with inflammatory and infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and Sources of Variation of Urinary Biomarkers of Food Intake of Fruits, Vegetables, and Chocolate in European Children and Adolescents","authors":"Jantje Goerdten ,&nbsp;Jodi Rattner ,&nbsp;Mira Merdas ,&nbsp;David Achaintre ,&nbsp;Li Yuan ,&nbsp;Paola Russo ,&nbsp;Toomas Veidebaum ,&nbsp;Dénes Molnár ,&nbsp;Lauren Lissner ,&nbsp;Stefaan De Henauw ,&nbsp;Luis A Moreno ,&nbsp;Krasimira Aleksandrova ,&nbsp;Ronja Foraita ,&nbsp;Ute Nöthlings ,&nbsp;Pekka Keski-Rahkonen ,&nbsp;Anna Floegel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Biomarkers of food intake may improve dietary assessment. Thereby, a key concern is their reproducibility over time. In epidemiological studies, it is important to accurately estimate habitual food intake and consequent disease risk associations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess the reproducibility of 12 urinary metabolites linked to food intake and to investigate potential sources of their variation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analyses are based on previously identified urinary metabolites associated with dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and chocolate in the large-scale European Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants/I.Family study. Metabolites were measured in 1788 urine samples from 599 children at study baseline (2007/2008, <em>n</em> = 597), at the first follow-up (2009/2010, <em>n</em> = 596), and at the third follow-up (2013/2014, <em>n</em> = 595) using high-resolution liquid chromatography–MS. Unadjusted and adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for 2- and 4-y intervals. To identify sources of biomarker variability, various factors, including dietary intake, were analyzed. The amount of variance explained by each factor was quantified using the partial coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>²).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median ICCs were 0.27 (range: 0.11–0.54) and 0.28 (range: 0.15–0.51) over 2- and 4-y intervals, respectively. Individual factors explained a median of 17% (range: 9.8–42.4) of the variance for the 2-y interval and 14.6% (range: 8.3–43.8) for the 4-y interval. Country of residence explained the largest proportion of variance (median: 5% for the 2-y interval, 4.5% for the 4-y interval). Dietary intake explained only a variation of 0.7% (0.0–1.5) and 0.6% (0.0–1.1) for the 2- and 4-y interval, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The reproducibility of urinary metabolites was poor to moderate over the 2- to 4-y periods, and only part of the variability could be explained by the studied factors. Future studies should explore shorter time intervals and other sources of variation, e.g., the influence of the gut microbiome and genetic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer","authors":"Priyanka Chambial ,&nbsp;Neelam Thakur ,&nbsp;Umesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Saurabh Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of food as medicine is gaining renewed importance in oncology, with growing recognition that diet is not only supportive care but also a mechanistically informed intervention for cancer treatment. However, the biological basis linking nutrition to cancer outcomes has remained incomplete until recent advances positioned the gut microbiome as the missing link. Recent research has highlighted the gut microbiome as a key mediator, acting as a biochemical and immunological bridge that transforms dietary compounds into metabolites, influencing inflammation, immune function, and carcinogenesis. This perspective shifts nutrition from a supportive measure to an active, evidence-based strategy in cancer prevention. In this review, we highlight how specific foods, nutrients, and microbial consortia contribute to anticancer effects, while also identifying research gaps related to causality, multiomics integration, and the need to account for global dietary and genetic diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Differences in Nutrient Intake, Metabolite Profiles, and Blood Pressure: The African-PREDICT Study","authors":"Michél Strauss-Kruger ,&nbsp;Marlien Pieters ,&nbsp;Tertia van Zyl ,&nbsp;Adriaan Jacobs ,&nbsp;Esmé Jansen van Vuren ,&nbsp;Lebo F Gafane-Matemane ,&nbsp;Roan Louw ,&nbsp;Carina Mels","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Socioeconomic status (SES) affects lifestyle behaviors and may influence blood pressure (BP). Food availability, accessibility, and affordability determine individual and population food consumption, and therefore the food metabolome.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We determined if BP differs between SES groups, and whether this difference is associated with the intake of nutrients between SES groups and nutrient-related metabolites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional, observational study analyzed the data of 479 Black and 503 White participants (aged 20–30 y) from the African-PREDICT study. Nutrient intakes were determined using 24-h dietary recalls. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory BP was measured. Metabolites were analyzed in spot urine samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Black and White adults, the high SES groups had higher diastolic BP compared with the low SES groups (Black: mean difference = 2.52 mmHg (95% CI: 0.69, 4.35; <em>P</em> = 0.004) (White: mean difference = 2.20 mmHg (95% CI: 0.68, 3.73; <em>P</em> = 0.002). In Black participants, nutrients that differed between the SES groups were not related to BP. Waist circumference showed an increasing trend across the SES spectrum and was positively associated with BP. In White participants, the high SES group had higher total protein, animal protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and alpha-linolenic acid intake than their low SES counterparts (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which were all positively associated with systolic BP (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, animal protein intake was related to urinary proline (Std β = −0.137), which was associated with systolic BP (Std β = −0.087) and diastolic BP (Std β = −0.101).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SES is related to BP in young adults, with body composition and nutrient intake being associated factors of this relationship. A healthy body weight and adhering to nutritional guidelines are essential in regulating BP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Nuclear Techniques, Isotopic Tracing, Omics, and Artificial Intelligence in Nutritional Systems for Advancing Precision Public Health Nutrition","authors":"Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the complex interplay between diet, nutrient metabolism, and chronic disease risk is central to advancing precision public health nutrition. Conventional dietary assessments often fail to capture the biochemical and interindividual variability necessary for mechanistic interpretation and the development of personalized nutritional interventions. Recent advances in nuclear techniques, particularly stable isotope tracing, combined with multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), provide a transformative framework for high-resolution nutritional analysis. This review critically synthesized these interdisciplinary innovations, highlighting how the integration of stable isotope methodologies, omics platforms—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics—and AI-driven data analytics enables dynamic, quantitative mapping of nutrient metabolism and gene–diet interactions. Stable isotope tracers offer <em>in vivo</em> precision for measuring nutrient absorption, bioavailability, and metabolic fluxes; omics platforms elucidate molecular responses to dietary exposures; and AI enhances data harmonization, causal inference, and predictive modeling. Together, these approaches support biomarker discovery, personalized nutrition, and population-level dietary interventions targeting both malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. We propose the Nutritional Systems Integration framework, which operationalizes isotope–omics–AI convergence to inform evidence-based, adaptive nutrition policies. This systems-driven paradigm establishes feedback loops connecting research, clinical application, and public health strategy—advancing global goals in food security, health equity, and disease prevention. Embracing such integrative methodologies can transform nutrition science from descriptive epidemiology into predictive, precision-based solutions for sustainable and equitable health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}