Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第10页

Investigating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition and Agricultural Training on Egg Production and Child Egg Consumption: A Secondary Analysis from the Un Oeuf Trial 调查综合营养和农业培训对鸡蛋生产和儿童鸡蛋消费的影响：联合国食品基金会试验的二次分析。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101273

Oluwatomiipe Adesogan , Chhavi Tiwari , Arie Havelaar , Saskia Hendrickx , Diwakar Vyas , Heather Stark , Aissata Wereme N’Diaye , Yacouba Zare , Sarah Lindley McKune

Background

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture approaches that integrate livestock and human nutrition interventions have shown promise in improving household food production and child nutrition.

Objectives

The aim of this secondary analysis is to examine the impact of the Un Oeuf trial on household egg production and its subsequent effect on child egg consumption, with a particular focus on the role of integrated nutrition and agriculture (INA) training.

Methods

This study used data from the Un Oeuf clustered randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso, which assigned 18 villages to Full, Partial, or Control groups. In the Full intervention, children received 4 chickens and caregivers attended monthly INA trainings through a behavior change communication (BCC) package. The Partial group received only INA trainings through BCC package, whereas Control received no intervention. With primary outcome of increased egg consumption among children, the study followed 260 households over 9 mo (July 2018–April 2019). Using generalized linear mixed-effect models, this article examines how INA trainings influenced household egg production and if/how egg production influenced child egg consumption.

Results

Egg production was significantly higher in intervention groups. Households in the Full intervention produced 2.5 times more eggs [2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96, 3.27] than Controls, whereas the Partial group produced 1.4 times significantly more eggs than Controls (1.42; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.88), but less than Full group. In the Partial group, the probability of egg consumption rose with production levels. In the Full group, however, children had ∼90% probability of consuming 4 eggs/wk, regardless of household egg production, underscoring the influence of cultural engagement and BCC in sustaining feeding practices.

Conclusions

Although findings illustrate the important role that INA training and livestock assets play in increasing production, they also underscore the essential role that cultural tailoring and community engagement play in translating improved agricultural production to consumption.

背景：结合牲畜和人类营养干预措施的营养敏感型农业方法在改善家庭粮食生产和儿童营养方面显示出希望。目的：这一次要分析的目的是检查联合国粮农组织试验对家庭鸡蛋生产的影响及其随后对儿童鸡蛋消费的影响，特别侧重于营养和农业综合培训的作用。方法：本研究使用来自布基纳法索Un Oeuf聚类随机对照试验的数据，该试验将18个村庄分为完全组、部分组和对照组。在全面干预中，儿童得到四只鸡，照顾者通过行为改变沟通（BCC）一揽子计划参加每月的INA培训。部分组仅通过BCC包接受INA培训，对照组不接受干预。该研究在9个月内（2018年7月至2019年4月）追踪了260个家庭，主要结果是儿童鸡蛋消费量增加。使用广义线性混合效应模型，本文研究了INA培训如何影响家庭鸡蛋产量，以及鸡蛋产量是否/如何影响儿童鸡蛋消费。结果：干预组产蛋量显著增高。完全干预组的家庭产蛋量增加2.5倍[2.53；95% CI: 1.96, 3.27]，而部分组的产蛋量是对照组的1.4倍[1.42；95% CI: 1.08,1.88]，但低于Full组。在部分组中，吃鸡蛋的概率随着产量的增加而增加。然而，在Full组中，无论家庭鸡蛋产量如何，儿童每周食用四个鸡蛋的可能性约为90%，这强调了文化参与和BCC在维持喂养实践中的影响。结论：虽然研究结果说明了农业培训和牲畜资产在提高产量方面发挥的重要作用，但它们也强调了文化定制和社区参与在将农业生产转化为消费方面发挥的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Folate Profile in Tissues from Infant Primates Fed Folic Acid 喂食叶酸的幼龄灵长类动物组织中叶酸含量的变化。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101297

Matthew J Kuchan , Avinash Pokala , Stefan Ehling , Jonathan R Draher , Ujwal S Patil , Jesse F Gregory III , Martha Neuringer , John W Erdman Jr.

Background

Diet-derived folic acid (FA) is found in circulation in a high percentage of United States subjects, but knowledge of tissue folate forms and concentrations in humans is limited. The infant rhesus macaque is an excellent model for the human infant and, like the human, has lower FA reductive activity than rodents.

Objectives

This study explored tissue folate concentrations in FA-fed infant rhesus macaques.

Methods

Archived tissue samples from 6-mo-old infant macaques who were fed breast milk and later some maternal diet (BMD, n = 8) or were fed a milk replacer (MR, n = 15) were analyzed for tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA); other forms were not measured. Folates were analyzed in plasma, primary organs, and multiple brain regions by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

All 3 folates were detected in each tissue with the exception that THF was undetectable in plasma. ΣFolate (THF+5-MTHF+UMFA) concentrations were highest in the liver and kidney (P < 0.05), then heart (P < 0.05) and brain, lung, and plasma (all P < 0.05 compared with kidney) with a 100-fold difference from highest to lowest. Tissue THF and 5-MTHF followed similar but not identical patterns. UMFA concentration was highest in the kidneys and lungs (P < 0.05). Prefrontal and temporal cortices and cerebellum were higher in Σfolate than motor cortex, occipital cortex, and striatum (P < 0.05). THF was the most abundant folate measured in each brain region. Tissue and brain concentrations were similar between BMD and MR with only a few sporadic differences.

Conclusions

Differential tissue folate metabolism, uptake, and/or retention are suggested, and further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms involved.

背景：饮食来源的叶酸（FA）在美国的血液循环中被发现的比例很高，但对人体组织中叶酸的形式和浓度的了解有限。恒河猴婴儿是人类婴儿的一个很好的模型，和人类一样，它比啮齿类动物有更低的FA还原活性。目的：探讨脂肪酸喂养的恒河猴幼仔体内组织叶酸浓度。方法：对6月龄猕猴的组织样本进行分析，这些猕猴分别饲喂母乳和一些母体饮食（BMD, n=8）或母乳替代品（MR, n=15），检测四氢叶酸（THF）、5-甲基四氢叶酸（5-MTHF）和未代谢叶酸（UMFA）；其他形式没有被测量。采用LC-MS/MS分析血浆、初级器官和多个脑区中叶酸含量。结果：除血浆中检测不到四氢叶酸外，所有三种叶酸均在各组织中检测到。Σfolate （THF+5-MTHF+UMFA）浓度在肝脏和肾脏中最高(p结论：组织叶酸代谢、摄取和/或保留存在差异，有必要进一步研究其机制。

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引用次数: 0

Protein-Conjugated 1β-Seleno-N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine Plays Key Roles in Selenium Transport and Storage in Rats and Mammalian Cultured Cells 蛋白偶联的1β-硒- n-乙酰- d -半乳糖胺在大鼠和哺乳动物培养细胞中硒的转运和储存中起关键作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.024

Noriyuki Suzuki , Yasunori Fukumoto , Yuka Maruyama, Natsuki Yomogita, Yu-ki Tanaka, Yasumitsu Ogra

Background

The nutritional availability and toxicity of Selenium (Se) compounds vary considerably. We previously identified 2 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-conjugated Se forms: 1β-methylseleno-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (a methylated urinary metabolite) and 1β-seleno-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (reduced selenosugar; a nonmethylated precursor).

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the reduced selenosugar, currently regarded as a precursor for urinary Se excretion, as a potential nutritional Se source.

Methods

Oxidized selenosugar was chemically synthesized, and it was administered to Se-deficient and Se-adequate male Wistar rats (8 wk old) by tail vein injection for 2 d (10 μg Se/d). Serum, urine, and various organs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify Se species and selenoproteins. Cytotoxicity was examined in HepG2 cells treated with 5 to 1000 μM oxidized selenosugar for 24 to 48 h, and cell viability was determined. Statistical differences were assessed by Tukey’s test.

Results

In Se-deficient rats, administration of oxidized selenosugar significantly restored serum glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 3 and selenoprotein P levels to 33% to 68% of those in Se-adequate controls, whereas selenite restored them to 42% to 74%. In HepG2 cells, oxidized selenosugar exhibited no cytotoxicity at concentrations ≤1000 μM, whereas selenite markedly reduced cell viability at concentrations above 5 μM (P < 0.05). Moreover, the reduced selenosugar was detected in liver, kidney, serum, and small intestine, partly conjugated with cysteine via selenylsulfide bonds, suggesting a role in Se storage.

Conclusions

These results position the reduced selenosugar as a unique Se form with dual roles in storage and transport, contributing to Se homeostasis. The originally reported chemical form of selenosugar A was defined as the GSH-conjugated form, but the present study indicates that the free selenol form may represent the physiologically active species. Our results highlight the reduced selenosugar as a previously underestimated, efficiently utilized, and safe Se source of animal origin, beyond just a urinary excretion precursor.

背景：硒化合物的营养有效性和毒性差异很大。我们之前鉴定了两种n-乙酰- d -半乳糖胺结合硒的形式：1β-甲基硒- n-乙酰- d -半乳糖胺（一种甲基化的尿液代谢物）和1β-硒- n-乙酰- d -半乳糖胺（还原硒糖，一种非甲基化的前体）。目的：本研究旨在评估目前被认为是尿硒排泄前体的还原硒糖作为潜在的营养硒源的价值。方法：化学合成氧化硒糖，分别给予缺硒和足硒雄性Wistar大鼠（8周龄）尾静脉注射2 d （10 μg Se/d）。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析血清、尿液和各器官，定量硒种和硒蛋白。用5-1000 μM氧化硒糖处理HepG2细胞24-48小时，观察细胞毒性，并测定细胞活力。统计学差异通过Tukey检验进行评估。结果：硒缺乏大鼠的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3和硒蛋白P水平明显恢复到硒充足对照组的33-68%，而亚硒酸盐使其恢复到42-74%。在HepG2细胞中，氧化硒糖在1000 μM浓度下无细胞毒性，而亚硒酸盐在5 μM以上浓度下显著降低细胞活力（p < 0.05）。此外，在肝脏、肾脏、血清和小肠中检测到还原的硒糖，通过硒酰硫键与半胱氨酸部分结合，表明硒糖在硒储存中起作用。结论：这些结果表明，还原硒糖是一种独特的硒形式，具有储存和运输的双重作用，有助于硒的稳态。最初报道的硒糖A的化学形式被定义为谷胱甘肽缀合形式，但目前的研究表明，游离的硒醇形式可能代表了生理活性的物种。我们的研究结果强调，还原硒糖是一种以前被低估的、有效利用的、安全的动物硒来源，而不仅仅是一种尿液排泄前体。

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引用次数: 0

Bioconverted Red Ginseng Protects Liver Functions and Alters Insulin Homeostasis-Associated Gut Microbiome Composition in Aged Mice 生物转化红参保护肝脏功能并改变与胰岛素稳态相关的老年小鼠肠道微生物组成。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101310

Da-Yeon Lee , Jing Liu , Su-Jeong Lee , Gopal Lamichhane , Ashton Swayze , Guolong Zhang , Tae Young Kim , Josephine M Egan , Yoo Kim

Background

Aging is associated with progressive functional deteriorations that affect the metabolic dysfunction in the liver and the alteration of the gut microbial environment. Red ginseng (RG) is one of the widely investigated ginseng products known for its antiaging properties, derived from its unique bioactive compounds known as ginsenosides.

Objectives

This study aimed to discover the potential antiaging effects of bioconverted red ginseng (BRG), a new RG product applied with enzymatic treatments, using an aged mouse model.

Methods

Two different interventional regimes were employed: oral gavage administration and ad libitum intervention. For oral gavage study, 9-wk-old (Young) and 18-mo-old (Old) mice were orally injected with either distilled water or 300 mg/kg BRG for 4 wk (n = 10 per group). For ad libitum study, 19-mo-old mice were fed with a normal chow diet (NCD), NCD with 150 mg/kg BRG (BRG-Low; NCD+BRGL), or NCD with 300 mg/kg BRG (BRG-High; NCD+BRGH) for 14 wk (n = 9–10 per group). Liver tissues were harvested from each group for RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and mRNA expression analyses. Fecal samples were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to profile gut microbiome composition.

Results

The 4-wk BRG administration provided potential modulations in hepatic gene expression profiling in terms of mitigating age-driven liver cholestasis, as well as positive alterations in the gut microbial structure and composition. Moreover, the 14-wk BRG supplementation protected insulin homeostasis through activating the hepatic protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in aged mice. In the meantime, BRG consumption altered insulin homeostasis-related microbiome structures by not only reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and relative abundance of opportunistic taxa, including Erysipelotrichaceae, but also increasing the enrichment of commensal bacteria, such as Muribaculaceae.

Conclusions

Taken together, this study highlights that BRG could be a promising antiaging functional food substance by maintaining insulin homeostasis and the gut microbial equilibrium.

背景：衰老与进行性功能恶化相关，影响肝脏代谢功能障碍和肠道微生物环境的改变。红参（RG）是一种被广泛研究的人参产品，以其抗衰老特性而闻名，其独特的生物活性化合物被称为人参皂苷。目的：利用衰老小鼠模型，研究生物转化红参（BRG）与酶处理的潜在抗衰老作用。方法：采用口服灌胃和随意干预两种不同的干预方案。在灌胃研究中，9周龄（Young）和18月龄（Old）小鼠分别口服蒸馏水或300 mg/kg BRG，每组10只。在自由试验中，19月龄小鼠分别饲喂正常饲料（NCD）、添加150 mg/kg BRG （BRG- low; NCD+BRGL）的NCD或添加300 mg/kg BRG （BRG- high; NCD+BRGH）的NCD，为期14周（每组n = 9-10）。每组取肝组织进行RNA测序、免疫印迹和mRNA表达分析。收集粪便样本并进行16S rRNA测序以分析肠道微生物组组成。结果：在减轻年龄驱动的肝脏胆汁淤积方面，4周的BRG给药提供了肝脏基因表达谱的潜在调节，以及肠道微生物结构和组成的积极改变。此外，14周的BRG补充通过激活肝蛋白激酶B (AKT)/雷帕霉素复合物1 （mTORC1）信号通路的机制靶点和抑制糖原合成酶激酶(GSK)-3β来保护胰岛素稳态。同时，BRG的消耗改变了胰岛素稳态相关的微生物组结构，不仅降低了Firmicute/Bacteroidetes （F/B）比率和包括erysipelotricaceae在内的条件类群的相对丰度，而且增加了共生菌（Muribaculaceae）的富集程度。结论：综上所述，本研究强调BRG可能是一种有前景的抗衰老功能食品物质，可以维持胰岛素稳态和肠道微生物平衡。

{"title":"Bioconverted Red Ginseng Protects Liver Functions and Alters Insulin Homeostasis-Associated Gut Microbiome Composition in Aged Mice","authors":"Da-Yeon Lee , Jing Liu , Su-Jeong Lee , Gopal Lamichhane , Ashton Swayze , Guolong Zhang , Tae Young Kim , Josephine M Egan , Yoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aging is associated with progressive functional deteriorations that affect the metabolic dysfunction in the liver and the alteration of the gut microbial environment. Red ginseng (RG) is one of the widely investigated ginseng products known for its antiaging properties, derived from its unique bioactive compounds known as ginsenosides.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to discover the potential antiaging effects of bioconverted red ginseng (BRG), a new RG product applied with enzymatic treatments, using an aged mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two different interventional regimes were employed: oral gavage administration and ad libitum intervention. For oral gavage study, 9-wk-old (Young) and 18-mo-old (Old) mice were orally injected with either distilled water or 300 mg/kg BRG for 4 wk (<em>n</em> = 10 per group). For ad libitum study, 19-mo-old mice were fed with a normal chow diet (NCD), NCD with 150 mg/kg BRG (BRG-Low; NCD+BRGL), or NCD with 300 mg/kg BRG (BRG-High; NCD+BRGH) for 14 wk (<em>n</em> = 9–10 per group). Liver tissues were harvested from each group for RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and mRNA expression analyses. Fecal samples were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to profile gut microbiome composition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 4-wk BRG administration provided potential modulations in hepatic gene expression profiling in terms of mitigating age-driven liver cholestasis, as well as positive alterations in the gut microbial structure and composition. Moreover, the 14-wk BRG supplementation protected insulin homeostasis through activating the hepatic protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in aged mice. In the meantime, BRG consumption altered insulin homeostasis-related microbiome structures by not only reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and relative abundance of opportunistic taxa, including <em>Erysipelotrichaceae</em>, but also increasing the enrichment of commensal bacteria, such as <em>Muribaculaceae</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Taken together, this study highlights that BRG could be a promising antiaging functional food substance by maintaining insulin homeostasis and the gut microbial equilibrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Niacin Inhibits Viral Replication and Alleviates the Intestinal Injury in Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Regulating the Host Immune Responses 烟酸通过调节宿主免疫应答，抑制猪流行性腹泻病毒感染仔猪的病毒复制，减轻仔猪肠道损伤。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101261

Mengjun Wu , Zhiwei Zhang , Yujie Wang , Qian Zhang , Peng Li , Zhuan Song , Lei Wang , Di Zhao , Tao Wu , Dan Yi , Yongqing Hou

Background

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Niacin (NA) may play an important role in improving intestinal health in piglets.

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of NA supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health in young piglets infected with PEDV.

Methods

Forty 7-d-old healthy piglets were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control, NA, PEDV, and PEDV+NA. After 3 d of adaptation, piglets in the NA and PEDV+NA groups were orally administered NA at 30 mg/kg body weight from day 4 to 11. On day 9, piglets in the PEDV and PEDV+NA groups were orally inoculated with PEDV at a dose of 10^4.5 TCID₅₀. On day 12, tissue samples were collected following euthanasia and exsanguination. Intestinal injury was confirmed by the determination of intestinal villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), as well as plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-xylose concentration. qPCR was performed to evaluate the viral load. Western blot analysis was employed to investigate the intestinal immune response. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance, with PEDV and NA as factors.

Results

NA administration improved average daily gain and mitigated intestinal injury in PEDV-infected piglets, as indicated by reduced CD and increased VH/CD ratios in the duodenum, jejunum, and colon, along with decreased plasma DAO levels (P < 0.05). NA significantly inhibited the expression of PEDV M and N genes in both the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01). Moreover, NA reduced the protein abundance of interferon-stimulated genes, including interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein (OASL), and myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1), in the intestines of PEDV-infected piglets (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results suggest that NA could inhibit viral replication and alleviate the intestinal injury in PEDV-infected piglets by regulating host immune responses.

背景：猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）对全球养猪业构成重大威胁。烟酸（NA）可能在改善仔猪肠道健康方面发挥重要作用。目的：研究饲粮中添加NA对PEDV感染仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响。方法：选取40头7日龄健康仔猪，随机分为对照组、NA组、PEDV组和PEDV+NA组。适应3 d后，从第4 ~ 11天开始，NA组和PEDV+NA组仔猪按30 mg/kg体重口服NA。第9天，PEDV组和PEDV+NA组仔猪口服接种104.5 TCID50剂量的PEDV。第12天，在安乐死和放血后收集组织样本。测定大鼠肠绒毛高度（VH）、隐窝深度（CD）、血浆二胺氧化酶（DAO）和d-木糖浓度，证实大鼠肠损伤。采用qPCR检测病毒载量。采用Western blot方法观察大鼠肠道免疫反应。采用双向方差分析，以PEDV和NA为影响因素。结果：NA提高了pedv感染仔猪的平均日增重，减轻了肠道损伤，表现为十二指肠、空肠和结肠的CD降低，VH/CD比值升高，血浆DAO水平降低（P < 0.05）。NA显著抑制了空肠和回肠中PEDV M和N基因的表达（P < 0.01）。此外，NA降低了pedv感染仔猪肠道中干扰素刺激基因15 （ISG15）、2'-5'-寡聚腺苷酸合成酶样蛋白（OASL）和黏液病毒抗性1 （MX1）的蛋白丰度（P < 0.05）。结论：NA可通过调节宿主免疫应答，抑制pedv感染仔猪的病毒复制，减轻肠道损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females 膳食硝酸盐摄入对男女缺血性微血管功能障碍后疲劳抵抗的影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101263

Carlos Alberto de Souza Filho , Olavo João Frederico Ramos Jr. , Rogério Nogueira Soares , Thiago da Silveira Alvares

Background

Skeletal muscle fatigue reflects the interaction of metabolic demand, contractile efficiency, and oxygen delivery, processes highly dependent on microvascular function. Prolonged ischemia induces transient microvascular dysfunction that can impair fatigue resistance. Dietary nitrate, abundant in beetroot juice, enhances nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular function, but whether it mitigates ischemia-induced decrements in microvascular reactivity and fatigue resistance remains unclear.

Objectives

To determine whether a single oral dose of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (NR-BJ) protects against prolonged ischemia-induced impairments in microvascular function and fatigue resistance in a sex-dependent manner.

Methods

Sixteen healthy adults (8 males, 8 females; 20–40 y) completed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with NR-BJ (∼10 mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (ND-BJ, ∼0.34 mmol nitrate). Two hours postingestion, participants underwent 20 min of forearm arterial occlusion to induce microvascular dysfunction. Microvascular reactivity was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (tissue oxygen saturation resaturation slope), and fatigue resistance was determined during 50 maximal isokinetic wrist flexion–extension contractions. Serum nitrate and nitrite were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Circulating nitrate and nitrite increased significantly after NR-BJ in both males and females. Prolonged ischemia reduced the tissue oxygen saturation resaturation slope in both sexes under the ND-BJ condition. NR-BJ attenuated this decline in females but not in males. In males, ischemia reduced total work and early-phase work (the first one-third of repetitions) under ND-BJ, effects that were prevented by NR-BJ. Fatigue resistance was preserved in females across conditions.

Conclusions

Acute dietary nitrate supplementation preserves fatigue resistance in males despite persistent microvascular dysfunction, whereas in females it attenuates ischemia-induced microvascular impairment without affecting fatigue resistance. These findings support sex-specific protective effects of dietary nitrate against transient vascular stress.

背景：骨骼肌疲劳反映了代谢需求、收缩效率和氧气输送的相互作用，这些过程高度依赖于微血管功能。长时间缺血可引起短暂性微血管功能障碍，损害机体抗疲劳能力。甜菜根汁中富含的膳食硝酸盐可以提高一氧化氮（NO）的生物利用度和血管功能，但它是否能减轻缺血引起的微血管反应性和疲劳抵抗能力的下降尚不清楚。目的：确定单次口服富含硝酸盐的甜菜根汁是否以性别依赖的方式保护微血管功能和疲劳抵抗长期缺血引起的损伤。方法：16名健康成年人（8名男性，8名女性，20-40岁）完成了一项随机、双盲、交叉试验，使用富含硝酸盐（~ 10 mmol硝酸盐，NR-BJ）或缺乏硝酸盐（~ 0.34 mmol硝酸盐，ND-BJ）的甜菜根汁。摄入后2小时，参与者进行20分钟的前臂动脉闭塞以诱导微血管功能障碍。通过近红外光谱（StO2再饱和斜率）评估微血管反应性，并在50次最大等速腕屈伸收缩期间测定疲劳阻力。采用高效液相色谱法测定血清硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。结果：男性和女性NR-BJ后循环硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐显著增加。在ND-BJ条件下，长时间缺血降低了两性的StO2再饱和斜率。NR-BJ减轻了雌性的这种下降，但在雄性中没有。在雄性中，缺血减少了ND-BJ下的总工作量和早期工作量（重复的前三分之一），NR-BJ阻止了这种效应。雌性在不同条件下均保持抗疲劳性。结论：在微血管功能障碍持续存在的情况下，急性膳食补充硝酸盐可保持雄性小鼠的抗疲劳能力，而在雌性小鼠中，急性膳食补充硝酸盐可减轻缺血引起的微血管损伤，但不影响抗疲劳能力。这些发现支持了膳食硝酸盐对短暂性血管应激的性别特异性保护作用。

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females","authors":"Carlos Alberto de Souza Filho , Olavo João Frederico Ramos Jr. , Rogério Nogueira Soares , Thiago da Silveira Alvares","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skeletal muscle fatigue reflects the interaction of metabolic demand, contractile efficiency, and oxygen delivery, processes highly dependent on microvascular function. Prolonged ischemia induces transient microvascular dysfunction that can impair fatigue resistance. Dietary nitrate, abundant in beetroot juice, enhances nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular function, but whether it mitigates ischemia-induced decrements in microvascular reactivity and fatigue resistance remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether a single oral dose of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (NR-BJ) protects against prolonged ischemia-induced impairments in microvascular function and fatigue resistance in a sex-dependent manner.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen healthy adults (8 males, 8 females; 20–40 y) completed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with NR-BJ (∼10 mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (ND-BJ, ∼0.34 mmol nitrate). Two hours postingestion, participants underwent 20 min of forearm arterial occlusion to induce microvascular dysfunction. Microvascular reactivity was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (tissue oxygen saturation resaturation slope), and fatigue resistance was determined during 50 maximal isokinetic wrist flexion–extension contractions. Serum nitrate and nitrite were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Circulating nitrate and nitrite increased significantly after NR-BJ in both males and females. Prolonged ischemia reduced the tissue oxygen saturation resaturation slope in both sexes under the ND-BJ condition. NR-BJ attenuated this decline in females but not in males. In males, ischemia reduced total work and early-phase work (the first one-third of repetitions) under ND-BJ, effects that were prevented by NR-BJ. Fatigue resistance was preserved in females across conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute dietary nitrate supplementation preserves fatigue resistance in males despite persistent microvascular dysfunction, whereas in females it attenuates ischemia-induced microvascular impairment without affecting fatigue resistance. These findings support sex-specific protective effects of dietary nitrate against transient vascular stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leucine Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum–Stress Mediated Lipotoxic Injury Induced by High-Fat Diet Via Sar1b/Sestrin2/Ampkα1 Pathways in Acanthopagrus Schlegelii 亮氨酸通过Sar1b/Sestrin2/Ampkα1通路缓解高脂饮食诱导的er应激性脂毒性损伤。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101258

Wenli Zhao , Yuedong Shen , Xuan Wang , Yangguang Bao , Óscar Monroig , Tingting Zhu , Xie Shichao , Peng Sun , Douglas R Tocher , Qicun Zhou , Min Jin

Background

With the increasing use of high-fat diet (HFD), fatty liver has become prevalent in farmed fish. Leucine regulates lipid metabolism via multiple pathways, but its role in hepatic lipotoxic injury remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism responsible for alleviation of HFD-induced liver injury by dietary supplementation with leucine in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii).

Methods

In vivo, juvenile black seabream (male; 1.25 ± 0.01 g) were fed 1 of 5 diets in triplicate (30 fish/replicate, n = 3) for 8-wk. The diets consisted of Control (11% lipid) and HFD (18% lipid) diets with the HFD supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% leucine. Fish were hand-fed a fixed ration twice daily. Growth, hepatic lipid deposition, and lipotoxic injury were assessed by biochemical, histological, and molecular (flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blot) methods. In vitro, primary hepatocytes were treated with oleic acid (OA) alone or with 2 mM leucine (n = 3). To explore the mechanism, OA was combined with leucine, Ampk, Sar1b, and Sestrin2 overexpression. Oil Red O staining, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and Western blot assessed lipid accumulation, and signaling pathways. Data were means ± SEM and analyzed by t-test or 1-way analysis of variance, with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

In vivo, leucine supplementation activated Sar1b/Sestrin2 and Ampkα1/Sirt1 pathways, reducing HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition (36%–54%) by enhancing lipolysis (75%–309%) and suppressing lipogenesis (24%–87%). Leucine downregulated ER stress markers (p-Ire1α, 54%–67%) and inhibited p-P65 and p-Jnk (23%–33% and 23%–32%), attenuating inflammation and apoptosis. Similar patterns in vitro confirmed leucine’s consistent alleviation of HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition and lipotoxic injury across models. Overexpression of Ampkα1, Sar1b, or Sestrin2 mimicked leucine’s effects, alleviating OA-induced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Conclusions

Leucine alleviated HFD-induced liver lipotoxic injury in black seabream by activating Sar1b/Sestrin2 and Ampk1/Sirt1 pathways, providing novel insights for developing nutritional strategies against diet-induced liver injury.

背景：随着HFD使用的增加，脂肪肝在养殖鱼类中变得普遍。亮氨酸通过多种途径调节脂质代谢，但其在肝脂毒性损伤中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定膳食中添加亮氨酸减轻黑鲷（Acanthopagrus schlegelii） hfd诱导的肝损伤的分子机制。方法：在体内，选取雄性黑鲷幼鱼（1.25±0.01 g），分3个重复（30尾/重复，n=3），从5种饲料中选择一种饲喂8周。饲粮包括对照组（11%脂质）和HFD（18%脂质）饲粮，HFD中添加0.5%、1.0%或2.0%亮氨酸。鱼每天用手喂两次固定的口粮。通过生化、组织学和分子（流式细胞术、qPCR、Western blot）方法评估生长、肝脏脂质沉积和脂毒性损伤。在体外，用OA单独或2 mM亮氨酸处理原代肝细胞（n = 3）。为了探究其机制，我们将OA与亮氨酸、Ampk、Sar1b和Sestrin2过表达联合起来。油红O染色、免疫荧光、qPCR和Western blot评估脂质积累和信号通路。数据采用均数±SEM，采用t检验或单因素方差分析，p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：在体内，补充亮氨酸激活了Sar1b/Sestrin2和Ampkα1/Sirt1通路，通过促进脂肪分解（75%-309%）和抑制脂肪生成（24%-87%）来减少hfd诱导的肝脏脂质沉积（36% - 54%）。亮氨酸下调内质网应激标志物（p-Ire1α, 54% ~ 67%），抑制p-P65和p-Jnk(23% ~ 33%, 23% ~ 32%)，减轻炎症和细胞凋亡。在体外实验中，类似的模式证实了亮氨酸在不同模型中对hfd诱导的肝脂质沉积和脂毒性损伤的一致缓解。Ampkα1、Sar1b或Sestrin2的过表达模拟亮氨酸的作用，减轻oa诱导的脂质积累、炎症和细胞凋亡。结论：亮氨酸通过激活Sar1b/Sestrin2和Ampk1/Sirt1通路，减轻了食源性脂肪诱导的黑鲷肝脂毒性损伤，为制定针对饮食性肝损伤的营养策略提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The Mediating Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer 肠道微生物群在营养预防癌症中的中介作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101301

Priyanka Chambial , Neelam Thakur , Umesh Kumar , Saurabh Gupta

The concept of food as medicine is gaining renewed importance in oncology, with growing recognition that diet is not only supportive care but also a mechanistically informed intervention for cancer treatment. However, the biological basis linking nutrition to cancer outcomes has remained incomplete until recent advances positioned the gut microbiome as the missing link. Recent research has highlighted the gut microbiome as a key mediator, acting as a biochemical and immunological bridge that transforms dietary compounds into metabolites, influencing inflammation, immune function, and carcinogenesis. This perspective shifts nutrition from a supportive measure to an active, evidence-based strategy in cancer prevention. In this review, we highlight how specific foods, nutrients, and microbial consortia contribute to anticancer effects, while also identifying research gaps related to causality, multiomics integration, and the need to account for global dietary and genetic diversity.

随着越来越多的人认识到饮食不仅是支持治疗，而且是癌症治疗的一种机械知情干预，食物作为药物的概念在肿瘤学中获得了新的重要性。然而，将营养与癌症结果联系起来的生物学基础仍然不完整，直到最近的进展将肠道微生物群定位为缺失的环节。最近的研究强调肠道微生物群是一个关键的中介，作为一个生化和免疫的桥梁，将饮食化合物转化为代谢物，影响炎症、免疫功能和致癌。这一观点将营养从一种支持性措施转变为一种积极的、基于证据的癌症预防策略。在这篇综述中，我们强调了特定的食物、营养素和微生物群落如何促进抗癌作用，同时也确定了与因果关系、多组学整合以及考虑全球饮食和遗传多样性的需要相关的研究空白。

引用次数: 0

Identifying the Ratio of Circulating Cinnamoylglycine to Isoleucine as a Biomarker Linking Diet Quality, Microbial Metabolism, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Cohorts 确定循环肉桂酰甘氨酸与异亮氨酸的比率作为联系CARDIA队列中饮食质量、微生物代谢和2型糖尿病风险的生物标志物

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101260

Rui Su , Xia Zhou , Lyn M Steffen , Chi Chen

Background

Unhealthy diet and microbiota dysbiosis are known risk factors of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the value of microbial metabolites as indicators of diet quality and T2D risk has rarely been explored.

Objectives

In this prospective study, we examined the correlations of dietary intake and circulating microbial metabolism-associated metabolites with T2D parameters in adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

Methods

A cohort of 2296 nondiabetic participants was examined on their diet quality, plasma metabolome, fasting glucose, and insulin in year 7 of the coronary artery risk development in young adults study, and the occurrence of incident T2D afterward. Dietary intake was assessed by an interviewer-administered diet history. Diet quality was characterized by the Healthy Eating Index 2020 score. Spearman correlation analysis assessed the associations of plasma metabolites with healthy eating index, fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment indexes. Subsequent propensity matching of 131 incident T2D cases with controls yielded a paired dataset for logistic and multivariate regression analyses, resulting in the predictive markers that were further validated by Cox proportional hazard models on 3 random cohorts selected from the full cohort.

Results

Among 611 circulating plasma metabolites, 41 were classified as microbial metabolites or their dietary precursors. Cinnamoylglycine, a metabolite produced jointly by microbial phenylalanine fermentation and hepatic glycine conjugation, was positively correlated with diet quality and inversely associated with incident T2D risk [odds ratio (OR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.87]. Isoleucine was inversely correlated with diet quality and positively associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.87). This contrast between cinnamoylglycine and isoleucine provided a cinnamoylglycine/isoleucine ratio as a predictive indicator of diet quality and incident T2D risk (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.82), which was validated from the 3 randomly selected samples (hazard ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The cinnamoylglycine/isoleucine ratio may be an effective indicator linking diet quality, microbial metabolism, and T2D risk.

背景：不健康的饮食和微生物群失调是已知的2型糖尿病（T2D）的危险因素，但微生物代谢物作为饮食质量和T2D风险指标的价值很少被探索。目的：在这项前瞻性研究中，我们研究了参加年轻人冠状动脉风险发展（CARDIA）研究的成年人的饮食摄入和循环微生物代谢相关代谢物与T2D参数的相关性。方法：在CARDIA研究的第7年，研究了2296名非糖尿病参与者的饮食质量、血浆代谢组、空腹血糖和胰岛素，以及之后T2D事件的发生情况。膳食摄入量通过访谈者管理的饮食史进行评估。饮食质量以健康饮食指数2020 （HEI）评分为特征。Spearman相关分析评估血浆代谢物与HEI、空腹血糖、胰岛素和稳态模型评估（HOMA）指标的关系。随后将131例T2D病例与对照组进行倾向匹配，产生了用于逻辑和多变量回归分析的配对数据集，并通过从全队列中选择的三个随机队列的Cox比例风险模型进一步验证了预测标记。结果：在611种循环血浆代谢物中，有41种被归类为微生物代谢物或其膳食前体。肉桂酰甘氨酸是微生物苯丙氨酸发酵和肝甘氨酸偶联共同产生的代谢物，与饮食质量正相关，与T2D发病风险负相关（比值比[OR] =0.66; 95% ci = 0.49, 0.87）。异亮氨酸与饮食质量呈负相关，与T2D风险呈正相关（OR=1.98; 95% ci = 1.36, 2.87）。肉桂酰甘氨酸和异亮氨酸之间的对比提供了肉桂酰甘氨酸/异亮氨酸（C/I）比率作为饮食质量和T2D事件风险的预测指标（OR=0.61; 95% ci = 0.46, 0.82），并在三个随机选择的样本中得到验证（风险比[HR]=0.75; 95% ci = 0.59, 0.96; p=0.02）。结论：C/I比值可能是联系饮食质量、微生物代谢和T2D风险的有效指标。临床试验注册编号和获取的网站：不适用。

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引用次数: 0

Sowing Seed Oil Science: Rationale for Dose Testing for Essential Nutrients 种子油科学：必需营养素剂量试验的基本原理。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101313

Martha A Belury

引用次数: 0