Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第10页

Eating in the Absence of Hunger Is a Stable Predictor of Adiposity Gains in Middle Childhood 在没有饥饿感的情况下进食是预测儿童中期肥胖增加的稳定因素。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.008

Yashaswini R Bhat , Barbara J Rolls , Stephen J Wilson , Emma Rose , Charles F Geier , Bari Fuchs , Hugh Garavan , Kathleen L Keller

Background

Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is a behavioral phenotype of pediatric obesity characterized by the consumption of palatable foods beyond hunger. Studies in children have identified EAH to be stable over time, but findings are unclear on whether it predicts the development of adiposity, particularly in middle childhood, a period of increased autonomy over food choices.

Objectives

We hypothesized that EAH would remain stable and be associated with increased adiposity over a ≥1-y prospective study in 7–8-y old children without obesity. Secondary hypotheses tested whether physical activity moderated the impact of EAH on adiposity.

Methods

Children (n =72, age 7.8 ± 0.6 y; BMI% <90th), in a 7-visit longitudinal study, had EAH, adiposity, and physical activity assessed at baseline (time 1 – T1) and follow-up (time 2 – T2). EAH was determined by measuring children’s intake from 9 energy-dense (>3.9 kcal/g) sweet and savory foods during a 10-min access period after intake of a standard meal eaten to satiation. Adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with an outcome of fat mass index (FMI; fat mass/height in m²). Seven days of wrist-worn Actigraphy quantified moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time.

Results

EAH had moderate stability across time points (ICC = 0.54). ICCs were stronger for sweet (ICC = 0.53) than savory (ICC = 0.38) foods. Linear regression predicting 1-y change in FMI (adjusted for income, parent education, sex, time to follow-up, T2 Tanner stage, maternal weight status, and baseline adiposity) found that both total and sweet food EAH at baseline predicted increases in adiposity (P < 0.05 for both). EAH and adiposity were negatively correlated among children with high MVPA and low sedentary time.

Conclusions

These findings show that EAH is a stable predictive phenotype of increases in adiposity over 1 y among youth in middle childhood, although activity-related behaviors may moderate this effect. If replicated, targeting EAH as part of interventions may prevent excess adiposity gain.

Trial registration number

The data was obtained from the Food and Brain study with registration number: NCT03341247.

背景：无饥饿感进食（EAH）是儿科肥胖症的一种行为表型，其特点是在饥饿状态下进食适口食物。对儿童的研究发现，随着时间的推移，EAH 是稳定的，但对于它是否能预测肥胖的发展，尤其是在中童年期，因为这一时期儿童对食物选择的自主性增强，研究结果尚不清楚：我们假设，在对 7-8 岁无肥胖症儿童进行的为期≥1 年的前瞻性研究中，EAH 将保持稳定，并与脂肪增加相关。次要假设还检验了体育锻炼是否会调节 EAH 对肥胖的影响：方法：儿童（n=72，年龄为 7.8±0.6 岁；BMI%3.9 千卡/克）在进食标准餐达到饱腹后的 10 分钟内进食甜味和咸味食物。用双能 X 射线吸收测定法（DXA）测量脂肪含量，结果为脂肪质量指数（FMI；脂肪质量/ht，单位为 m-sq）。为期七天的腕戴式活动记录仪（Actigraphy）对中度到剧烈运动（MVPA）和久坐时间进行了量化：结果：EAH 在不同时间点上具有中等稳定性（ICC=0.54）。甜食（ICC=0.53）的ICC值高于咸食（ICC=0.38）。预测 FMI 1 年变化的线性回归（根据收入、父母受教育程度、性别、随访时间、T2 Tanner 阶段、母亲体重状况和基线肥胖程度进行调整）发现，基线时的总 EAH 和甜味食物 EAH 都能预测肥胖程度的增加（p 结论：这些研究结果表明，EAH 是一种稳定的预测表型，可预测儿童中期青少年一年内脂肪含量的增加，尽管与活动相关的行为可能会缓和这种影响。如果得到推广，将EAH作为干预措施的一部分，可能会防止过多的脂肪增加：数据来自食物与大脑研究（ClinicalTrials.gov）NCT03341247。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination and Human Milk Composition: A Multi-Omics Approach SARS-CoV-2 感染或接种 COVID-19 疫苗与母乳成分之间的关系：多指标方法

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.032

Sneha P Couvillion , Ernesto S Nakayasu , Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson , Isabella H Yang , Josie G Eder , Carrie D Nicora , Lisa M Bramer , Yuqian Gao , Alisa Fox , Claire DeCarlo , Xiaoqi Yang , Mowei Zhou , Ryan M Pace , Janet E Williams , Mark A McGuire , Michelle K McGuire , Thomas O Metz , Rebecca LR Powell

Background

The risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via human milk-feeding is virtually nonexistent. Adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for lactating individuals are not different from the general population, and no evidence has been found that their infants exhibit adverse effects. Yet, there remains substantial hesitation among this population globally regarding the safety of these vaccines.

Objectives

Herein, we aimed to determine if compositional changes in milk occur following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination, including any evidence of vaccine components.

Methods

An extensive multiomics approach was taken using a subset of milk samples obtained as part of our broad studies examining the effects on milk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination.

Results

We found that compared with unvaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with significant compositional differences in 67 proteins, 385 lipids, and 13 metabolites. In contrast, COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with any changes in lipids or metabolites, although it was associated with changes in 13 or fewer proteins. Compositional changes in milk differed by vaccine. Changes following vaccination were greatest after 1–6 h for the mRNA-based Moderna vaccine (8 changed proteins), 3 d for the mRNA-based Pfizer (4 changed proteins), and adenovirus-based Johnson and Johnson (13 changed proteins) vaccines. Proteins that changed after both natural infection and Johnson and Johnson vaccine were associated mainly with systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, no vaccine components were detected in any milk sample.

Conclusions

Together, our data provide evidence of only minimal changes in milk composition because of COVID-19 vaccination, with much greater changes after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

背景：通过母乳喂养感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险几乎不存在。哺乳期人群接种 COVID-19 疫苗的不良反应与普通人群无异，也没有证据表明其婴儿会出现不良反应。然而，在全球范围内，这一人群对这些疫苗的安全性仍存在很大的疑虑。目的：在此，我们旨在确定感染或接种疫苗后牛奶中的成分是否会发生变化，包括疫苗成分的任何证据：我们采用广泛的多组学方法，对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和接种 COVID-19 疫苗对牛奶的影响进行了广泛的研究，利用研究中获得的牛奶样本子集，我们发现与未接种疫苗的个体相比，SARS-CoV-2 感染与 67 种蛋白质、385 种脂类和 13 种代谢物的显著成分差异有关。相比之下，接种 COVID-19 疫苗与脂质或代谢物的变化无关，但与 13 种或更少的蛋白质的变化有关。疫苗不同，牛奶中的成分变化也不同。接种后 1-6 小时内变化最大的是基于 mRNA 的 Moderna 疫苗（8 种蛋白质发生变化），3 天后变化最大的是基于 mRNA 的辉瑞疫苗（4 种蛋白质发生变化），以及基于腺病毒的强生疫苗（13 种蛋白质发生变化）。自然感染和接种强生疫苗后发生变化的蛋白质主要与全身炎症反应有关。此外，在任何牛奶样本中都没有检测到疫苗成分：总之，我们的数据证明接种 COVID-19 疫苗后牛奶成分的变化很小，而自然感染 SARS-CoV-2 后变化更大。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Interindividual Variability of Vitamin A Concentration in Adipose Tissue of Healthy Male Adults 鉴定与健康男性成年人脂肪组织中维生素 A 浓度个体间差异相关的基因多态性。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.035

Mark Pretzel Zumaraga , Charles Desmarchelier , Beatrice Gleize , Marion Nowicki , Djaffar Ould-Ali , Jean-François Landrier , Patrick Borel

Background

Adipose tissue vitamin A (VA), that is, mainly retinol (RET) and its esters, comes from preformed VA and proVA carotenoids present in our food. Adipose tissue VA acts as hormonal cue maintaining essential aspects of adipocyte biology, which includes fat mobilization and catabolism, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis, and it is thus of particular interest to study its determinants, including genetic ones.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify genetic variations associated with adipose tissue VA concentration.

Methods

Forty-two healthy male adults received, in a randomized crossover design, 3 test meals. Periumbilical adipose tissue samples were collected on 6 occasions, that is, at fast and 8 h after consumption of each meal. RET concentration was measured in both plasma and the adipose tissue following saponification. Participants were genotyped using whole-genome microarrays. A total of 1305 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in or near 27 candidate genes were included for univariate analysis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was carried out to find the best combination of SNPs associated with the interindividual variability in adipose tissue RET concentration.

Results

Adipose tissue RET concentration was not associated with plasma RET concentrations (r = –0.184, P = 0.28). Interindividual variability of adipose tissue RET concentration was high (coefficient of variation = 62%). Twenty-nine SNPs were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with adipose tissue RET concentration and a PLS regression model identified 16 SNPs as explanatory variables of this concentration. The SNPs were in or near peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, retinoid X receptor alpha, signaling receptor and transporter of retinol, cluster of differentiation 36, free fatty acid receptor 4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, monoglyceride lipase, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, and polycystic kidney disease 1-like 2.

Conclusions

A combination of 16 SNPs has been associated with the interindividual of adipose tissue VA concentration in humans.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02100774.

背景：脂肪组织维生素 A (VA)，即主要是视黄醇 (RET) 及其酯类，来自食物中预先形成的 VA 和原 VA 类胡萝卜素。脂肪组织 VA 是维持脂肪细胞生物学重要方面（包括脂肪动员和分解代谢、能量平衡和葡萄糖稳态）的激素线索，因此研究其决定因素（包括遗传因素）特别有意义。因此，本研究旨在确定与脂肪组织 VA 浓度相关的遗传变异：方法：42 名健康男性成年人接受了 3 次随机交叉设计的试验餐。脐周脂肪组织样本共采集了 6 次，分别在空腹和进餐后 8 小时采集。皂化后测量血浆和脂肪组织中的 RET 浓度。使用全基因组芯片对参与者进行了基因分型。27 个候选基因中或其附近共有 1305 个 SNPs 被纳入单变量分析。进行了偏最小二乘回归（PLS），以找出与脂肪组织 RET 浓度个体间差异相关的 SNPs 最佳组合：结果：脂肪组织RET浓度与血浆RET浓度无关（r=-0.184，p=0.28）。脂肪组织 RET 浓度的个体间变异性很高（CV=62%）。29 个 SNPs 具有显著性差异（p 结论：16 个 SNPs 的组合已被证实具有显著性差异：16个SNPs的组合与人类脂肪组织VA浓度的个体间差异有关：临床试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov 注册号 NCT02100774。

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引用次数: 0

Interactions between Polygenic Risk of Obesity and Dietary Factors on Anthropometric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies 多基因肥胖风险与饮食因素对人体测量结果的相互作用：观察性研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.014

Hannah Yang Han , Guiomar Masip , Tongzhu Meng , Daiva E Nielsen

Background

Diet is an important determinant of health and may moderate genetic susceptibility to obesity, but meta-analyses of available evidence are lacking.

Objectives

This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the moderating effect of diet on genetic susceptibility to obesity, assessed with polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to retrieve observational studies that examined PRS–diet interactions on obesity-related outcomes. Dietary exposures of interest included diet quality/dietary patterns and consumption of specific food and beverage groups. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pooled PRS– healthy eating index (HEI) interaction coefficients on body mass index (BMI) (on the basis of data from 4 cohort studies) and waist circumference (WC) (on the basis of data from 3 cohort studies).

Results

Out of 36 retrieved studies, 78% were conducted among European samples. Twelve out of 21 articles examining dietary indices/patterns, and 16 out of 21 articles examining food/beverage groups observed some significant PRS–diet interactions. However, within many articles, findings are inconsistent when testing different combinations of obesity PRS-dietary factors and outcomes. Nevertheless, higher HEI scores and adherence to plant-based dietary patterns emerged as the more prominent diet quality/patterns that moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity, whereas higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and lower consumption of fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages emerged as individual food/beverage moderators. Results from the meta-analysis suggest that a higher HEI attenuates genetic susceptibility on BMI (pooled PRS∗HEI coefficient: –0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.15, 0.00; P = 0.0392) and WC (–0.37; 95% CI: –0.60, –0.15; P = 0.0013).

Conclusions

Current observational evidence suggests a moderating role of overall diet quality in polygenic risk of obesity. Future research should aim to identify genetic loci that interact with dietary exposures on anthropometric outcomes and conduct analyses among diverse ethnic groups.

Trial registration number

This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42022312289.

背景：饮食是健康的重要决定因素，可能会调节肥胖的遗传易感性，但缺乏对现有证据的荟萃分析：本研究旨在通过多基因风险评分（PRS）评估饮食对肥胖遗传易感性的调节作用，对相关证据进行系统回顾和荟萃分析：方法：使用 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行了系统检索，以获取研究 PRS-饮食相互作用对肥胖相关结果影响的观察性研究。感兴趣的膳食暴露包括膳食质量/膳食模式以及特定食品和饮料组的消费。对PRS-健康饮食指数（HEI）在体重指数（BMI）（基于四项队列研究的数据）和腰围（基于三项队列研究的数据）上的交互作用系数进行了随机效应荟萃分析：在检索到的 36 项研究中，78% 是在欧洲样本中进行的。在 21 篇研究膳食指数/模式的文章中，有 12 篇；在 21 篇研究食物/饮料组的文章中，有 16 篇观察到 PRS 与膳食之间存在一些显著的相互作用。然而，在许多文章中，当测试肥胖 PRS-饮食因素和结果的不同组合时，发现并不一致。不过，较高的 HEI 分数和坚持以植物为基础的膳食模式成为调节肥胖遗传易感性的较突出的膳食质量/模式，而较高的水果和蔬菜消费量以及较低的油炸食品和含糖饮料消费量则成为个别食物/饮料的调节因素。荟萃分析的结果表明，较高的 HEI 会降低 BMI（PRS*HEI 的集合系数：-0.08；95% 置信区间（CI）：-0.15，0.00；p=0.0392）和腰围（-0.37；95% CI：-0.60，-0.15；p=0.0013）的遗传易感性：目前的观察证据表明，整体饮食质量对肥胖的多基因风险具有调节作用。未来的研究应旨在确定与膳食暴露对人体测量结果产生相互作用的遗传位点，并在不同种族群体中进行分析：CRD42022312289。

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引用次数: 0

High Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) Intake and Low Dietary Quality Are Not Synonymous - A Case for Limiting Most but Not All UPFs in Plant-Based Diets 超强加工食品（UPF）摄入量高和膳食质量低并不是同义词--这说明在以植物为基础的膳食中应限制大多数而非所有的超强加工食品。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.034

Maya K Vadiveloo , Christopher D Gardner

引用次数: 0

Vitamin C-Rich Guava Consumed with Mungbean Dal Reduces Anemia and Increases Hemoglobin but not Iron Stores: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Food-to-Food Fortification in Indian Children 将富含维生素 C 的番石榴与绿豆粉一起食用可减少贫血，增加血红蛋白，但不会增加铁储存：印度儿童食物间强化的随机对照试验。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.042

Varsha Rani , Diego Moretti , Neelam Khetarpaul , Prashanth Thankachan , Michael B Zimmermann , Alida Melse-Boonstra , Inge D Brouwer

Background

Adding vitamin C-rich fruit to staples containing iron could be an effective strategy to improve iron bioavailability and thereby reduce iron-deficiency anemia in children.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the effect of consuming a mungbean-based meal with or without guava fruit on body iron stores, hemoglobin concentration, and anemia of children as part of a school feeding program.

Methods

We conducted a 7-mo randomized, controlled trial with 6- to 10-y-old school children (n = 200; 46% anemic, 71% iron-deficient) from a rural community in Haryana, North India. Children were assigned to 2 treatment groups to daily receive either a meal of mungbean dal only (3.0 mg iron; vitamin C:iron molar ratio ∼0.5:1), or mungbean dal with fresh guava (3.2 mg iron; ∼170 mg vitamin C; molar ratio ∼18:1). Meals were served every school day under supervision. The primary outcome was body iron stores, whereas concentrations of hemoglobin and other iron indicators were secondary outcomes.

Results

Daily consumption of mungbean dal along with guava did not result in an overall improvement of body iron stores [mean treatment effect: 0.65 mg/kg body weight; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.34, 1.63; P = 0.197]. However, compared with children who consumed mungbean dal only, children in the guava group showed a larger increase in hemoglobin concentration (3.7 g/L; 95% CI: 1.6, 5.6; P = 0.001), and a larger drop in the prevalence of anemia (−51%; 95% CIs: −74, −10; P = 0.022) and iron-deficiency anemia (−56%, 95% CI: −83, 13; P = 0.087). These effects were more pronounced in children who were iron deficient at study start.

Conclusions

Addition of guava to a mungbean-based meal containing a moderate amount of iron increased hemoglobin and reduced anemia but did not provide enough additional absorbed iron to also increase body iron stores. Food-to-food fortification by inclusion of vitamin C-rich fruits in iron-containing school meals may help alleviate the burden of anemia in children.

Trial registration number

This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01191463.

背景：在含铁主食中添加富含维生素 C 的水果可能是提高铁的生物利用率从而减少儿童缺铁性贫血的有效策略：作为学校供餐计划的一部分，我们旨在评估食用含或不含番石榴果实的绿豆膳食对儿童体内铁储存、血红蛋白浓度和贫血的影响：我们对印度北部哈里亚纳邦一个农村社区的 6 至 10 岁学龄儿童（人数=200；46% 贫血，71% 缺铁）进行了为期 7 个月的随机对照试验。儿童被分配到两个治疗组，每天只吃绿豆豆渣（含铁 3.0 毫克；维生素 C 与铁的摩尔比为 0.5:1），或绿豆豆渣加新鲜番石榴（含铁 3.2 毫克；维生素 C 170 毫克；摩尔比为 18:1）。每天在学校监督下供餐。主要结果是体内铁储存量，血红蛋白浓度和其他铁指标是次要结果：结果：每天食用绿豆豆浆和番石榴并不能全面改善体内的铁储存量（平均治疗效果：0.65 毫克/千克体重；95% CI：-0.34，1.63；P=0.197）。不过，与只食用绿豆粉的儿童相比，番石榴组儿童的血红蛋白浓度增加幅度更大（3.7 克/升；95% CI：1.6，5.6；P=0.001），贫血症（-51%；95% CI：-74，-10；P=0.022）和缺铁性贫血症（-56%，95% CI：-83，13；P=0.087）的发病率下降幅度更大。这些影响在研究开始时缺铁的儿童中更为明显：结论：在含有适量铁元素的绿豆膳食中添加番石榴可增加血红蛋白并减少贫血，但番石榴所提供的额外铁吸收量不足以同时增加体内的铁储存量。在含铁的学校膳食中加入富含维生素 C 的水果进行食物间强化，可能有助于减轻儿童贫血的负担。该试验已在 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01191463 上注册。

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引用次数: 0

Response to E Satter and B Lohse 对E·萨特和B·洛斯的回应

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.003

Kathleen L Keller, Alaina L Pearce, Bari Fuchs, Barbara J Rolls, Stephen J Wilson, Charles F Geier, Emma Rose, Hugh Garavan

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.028

Anna ME Hoogeveen , Paul J Moughan , Natascha Stroebinger , Suzanne M Hodgkinson , Warren C McNabb , Carlos A Montoya

Background

An in vivo/in vitro ileal fermentation assay using growing pigs has shown important fermentability and organic acid production. This assay could be used to study human foods but needs validation.

Objectives

To validate using a pig inoculum for studying human ileal fermentation by comparing the in vitro fermentation of fibre substrates using ileal inocula prepared from growing pigs or human ileostomates.

Methods

Ten pigs (19 ± 4.5 kg bodyweight, mean ± standard deviation) received a diet containing human foods. After 2 wk, ileal digesta were collected 5 h postmeal. Five recruited human ileostomates incorporated the same human foods into their diet for a week before consuming 2 meals similar to the pigs’ diet. Ileal effluents were then collected from 2 to 6 h postmeal. The porcine ileal digesta and human ileal effluents were used for microbial analysis and in vitro fermentation of arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin.

Results

The in vitro organic matter fermentability of arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin was similar (P > 0.05) between the pig and human ileal inocula (34 ± 2.13% on mean). Regardless of substrates, the propionic and lactic acid production was similar between humans and pigs (P > 0.05). Ninety percent of the ileal bacterial genera were found in similar (P > 0.05) numbers in pigs and human ileostomates, which accords with the similar (P > 0.05) Shannon diversity index and predicted metabolic activity. However, some of the most abundant genera were different between species, such as Granulicatella which had 83-fold greater (P ≤ 0.05) numbers in human ileostomates, and Lactobacillus had 272-fold greater (P ≤ 0.05) numbers in pigs.

Conclusions

The in vitro ileal fermentation patterns were similar across species despite some ileal microbial compositional differences, suggesting that the growing pig could be used as a model to provide an ileal inoculum for studying ileal fermentation in adult humans.

This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry as ACTRN12622000813785.

背景：一项利用生长猪进行的体内/体外回肠发酵试验显示了重要的发酵性和有机酸产量。该试验可用于研究人类食品，但需要验证：通过比较使用生长猪或人类回肠造口患者的回肠接种体对纤维基质的体外发酵情况，验证使用猪接种体研究人类回肠发酵的有效性：方法：10 头猪（19±4.5 千克体重，平均值±SD）接受含有人类食物的饮食。两周后，在餐后 5 小时收集回肠消化液。五名被招募的人类回肠造口患者在饮食中添加相同的人类食物一周后，再食用与猪饮食类似的两餐。然后在餐后 2-6 小时收集回肠排泄物。猪回肠消化液和人回肠流出物用于微生物分析和阿拉伯半乳聚糖（AG）、果寡糖（FOS）和果胶（PEC）的体外发酵：结果：AG、FOS 和 PEC 的体外有机物发酵率在猪和人的回肠接种体中相似（P > 0.05）（平均为 34±2.13%）。无论基质如何，人和猪的丙酸和乳酸产量相似（P > 0.05）。90%的回肠细菌属在猪和人的回肠造口患者中数量相似（P > 0.05），这与相似的香农多样性指数（P > 0.05）和预测的代谢活性相符。然而，一些含量最高的菌属在不同物种之间存在差异，如在人的回肠造口菌中，Granulicatella的数量是人的83倍（P≤0.05），而在猪的回肠造口菌中，乳酸杆菌的数量是人的272倍（P≤0.05）：结论：尽管回肠微生物组成存在一些差异，但不同物种的体外回肠发酵模式相似，这表明生长猪可作为模型，为研究成年人类的回肠发酵提供回肠接种体：在澳大利亚-新西兰临床试验注册中心（https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=384165）的 ACTRN12622000813785 下注册。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary Evidence Supports that Long-Term Consumption of Higher-Protein Breakfast Promotes Higher Expression of Select miRNA Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents 初步证据表明，长期食用高蛋白早餐可促进与青少年心脏代谢健康相关的某些 miRNA 的高表达。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007

Kamille A Piacquadio , Lee M Margolis , Jess A Gwin , Heather J Leidy

Background

Increased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown.

Objectives

The objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with cardiometabolic health in “breakfast-skipping” adolescents.

Methods

Thirty adolescents (age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index: 25.4 ± 3 kg/m²) completed a 6-mo tightly controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350 kcal normal-protein (NP, 10 g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30 g protein) breakfasts or continued to BS for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6 mo (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), glucose, insulin, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.

Results

No main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (P = 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, P = 0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared with BS (P = 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (R² between 0.2 and 0.39; P < 0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups.

Conclusions

These data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease.

Trial registration number

NCT03146442.

背景：早餐中增加膳食蛋白质可促进心脏代谢健康；然而，这些改善是否发生在分子水平尚不清楚：目的：研究长期食用不同蛋白质量的早餐是否会改变 "不吃早餐 "的青少年与心脏代谢健康相关的循环 miRNAs 的表达：30名青少年（年龄：19±1岁；体重指数：25.4±3kg/m2）完成了一项为期6个月的严格控制早餐试验，参与者在6个月内食用350千卡正常蛋白质（NP，10克蛋白质）或高蛋白质（HP，30克蛋白质）早餐，或继续不吃早餐（BS）。研究人员在基线（PRE）和6个月（POST）时采集空腹血液样本，以评估12种先验循环血浆miRNA表达水平（RT-qPCR）、葡萄糖、胰岛素、白细胞介素-6和C反应蛋白：任何 miRNA 都没有观察到组间的主要效应；但在 miR-126-3p 的表达方面，发现了时间与组间的交互作用（P = 0.05）。在整个研究过程中，HP 早餐往往会增加 miR-126-3p 的表达（POST-PRE，P=0.09），与 BS 相比，POST 的表达更高（P=0.03），而 NP 早餐则不会。此外，几种 miRNA 预测了 IL-6 的空腹浓度：miR-320a-3p、-146a-5p、-150-5p、-423-5p、-122-5p；葡萄糖：miR-24-3p、-126-3p；胰岛素：miR-24-3p、-126-3p：miR-24-3p、-126-3p、-15b-5p；胰岛素敏感性：miR-24-3p、-126-3p、-199a-5p、-15b-5p；β 细胞功能：miR-15b-5p（R2 介于 0.2-0.39；PC 结论：这些数据支持每天食用高蛋白早餐，以促进心脏代谢健康，这可能是通过 miRNA 表达的变化实现的：临床试验编号：NCT03146442。

{"title":"Preliminary Evidence Supports that Long-Term Consumption of Higher-Protein Breakfast Promotes Higher Expression of Select miRNA Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents","authors":"Kamille A Piacquadio , Lee M Margolis , Jess A Gwin , Heather J Leidy","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with cardiometabolic health in “breakfast-skipping” adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty adolescents (age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index: 25.4 ± 3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed a 6-mo tightly controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350 kcal normal-protein (NP, 10 g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30 g protein) breakfasts or continued to BS for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6 mo (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), glucose, insulin, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (<em>P =</em> 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, <em>P =</em> 0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared with BS (<em>P =</em> 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> between 0.2 and 0.39; <em>P <</em> 0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>NCT03146442.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3585-3591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relative Uptake of Tomato Carotenoids by In Vitro Intestinal and Prostate Cancer Cells 体外肠癌细胞和前列腺癌细胞对西红柿类胡萝卜素的相对吸收。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.012

Nancy E Moran , Brianna Alexander , Shivi Garg , Nathan Marchant , Noor A Hason

Background

Consumption of tomatoes and tomato carotenoids is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate tissue accumulates tomato carotenoids, including lycopene, β-carotene, and phytoene. Phytoene accumulation is relatively greater in the prostate than that of lycopene, but the metabolic determinants of tissue carotenoid profiles are poorly understood.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in stability, cellular uptake, and clearance of phytoene compared with lycopene or β-carotene by prostate and intestinal cells may explain differences in observed tissue carotenoid profiles.

Methods

Gene and protein expression for carotenoid metabolism in prostate cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Uptake, efflux, and clearance of phytoene, lycopene, or β-carotene by prostate cell [LNCaP (Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate cell line), RWPE-1 (a human prostate epithelial cell line), and PC-3 (aprostate cancer cell line)] and absorptive enterocyte (Caco-2) cultures were compared. The effect of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) inhibition on carotenoid uptake by LNCaP, RWPE-1, and Caco-2 cells was tested.

Results

SCARB1 was expressed across prostate cell lines. Lycopene, phytoene, and β-carotene uptakes were similar in LNCaP and PC-3 cells, whereas RWPE-1 cells absorbed a smaller portion of the phytoene dose than lycopene or β-carotene doses. The clearance rates of carotenoids from LNCaP cells did not differ. Intestinal cell uptake of phytoene was greatest, followed by β-carotene and lycopene. SCARBI inhibitor treatment did not significantly reduce the uptake or efflux of carotenoids by LNCaP or Caco-2 cells at the dose concentration provided.

Conclusions

Overall, this study suggests that greater bioavailability at the point of the intestine and greater stability of phytoene are determinants of the relative enrichment of phytoene in prostate tissue.

背景：食用番茄和番茄类胡萝卜素与降低前列腺癌风险有关。前列腺组织会积聚番茄类胡萝卜素，包括番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和植物红素。与番茄红素相比，植二烯在前列腺中的积累相对较多，但人们对组织类胡萝卜素的代谢决定因素知之甚少：本研究的目的是确定前列腺细胞和肠道细胞对植物胡萝卜素与番茄红素或β-胡萝卜素的稳定性、细胞摄取量和清除率的差异是否可以解释所观察到的组织类胡萝卜素特征的差异：方法：分别通过 qRT-PCR 和 Western 印迹分析前列腺细胞系类胡萝卜素代谢的基因和蛋白质表达。比较了前列腺细胞（LNCaP、RWPE-1 和 PC-3）和吸收性肠细胞（Caco-2）对植物烯、番茄红素或 β-胡萝卜素的吸收、外流和清除。测试了清道夫受体 B 类成员 1（SCARB1）抑制对 LNCaP、RWPE-1 和 Caco-2 细胞摄取类胡萝卜素的影响：结果：SCARB1 在所有前列腺细胞系中均有表达。LNCaP和PC-3细胞对番茄红素、植物红素和β-胡萝卜素的吸收相似，而RWPE-1细胞对植物红素剂量的吸收率低于番茄红素或β-胡萝卜素剂量。类胡萝卜素在 LNCaP 细胞中的清除率没有差异。细胞肠道对植物红素的吸收率最高，其次是β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素。在所提供的剂量水平上，SR-BI 抑制剂处理并未显著减少 LNCaP 或 Caco-2 细胞对类胡萝卜素的吸收或外流：总之，这项研究表明，植物胡萝卜素在肠道中更高的生物利用度和更高的稳定性是植物胡萝卜素在前列腺组织中相对富集的决定因素。

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引用次数: 0