Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第10页

Dietary Ethanolamine Increases Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet 饲粮乙醇胺增加高脂饲料小鼠肝脏脂质积累。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101348

Courtney M Holdaway , Amy Vo , Kelly-Ann Leonard , Randal Nelson , Aducio Thiesen , Yi Fan , Camila S Marcolla , Robin D Clugston , Benjamin P Willing , Rene L Jacobs

Background

Ethanolamine (Etn), a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), may alter hepatic lipid homeostasis and gut health; its dietary effects remain undefined.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Etn on lipid and glucose metabolism and liver/gut health in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice, complemented by in vitro hepatocyte assays.

Methods

Ten-wk-old C57BL/6 mice (20 male, 18 female) were fed ad libitum HFD (45% energy from fat) with [Ethanolamine supplementation (ES-group)] or without (CON-group) Etn (8 g/kg diet) for 10 wk. Outcomes included body/liver weight, glucose tolerance test (GTT) results, plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesteryl ester (CE)/triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, hepatic TG/PC/PE concentrations, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and inflammation markers, jejunal morphology/barrier/inflammation genes, and fecal microbiota (α/β diversity). HuH7 cells received 20 μM or 5 mM Etn to assess TG/PC/PE synthesis. Statistics: repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (GTT), t-test or Wilcoxon (other endpoints), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (β diversity); α=0.05.

Results

ES increased hepatic TG in females by 230% compared with CON (P = 0.001), and trended higher in males (P = 0.054); hepatic PC and PE masses were unchanged. In ES males, GTT area under the curve decreased by 22.6% (P = 0.037), and plasma PC, CE, and TG were reduced by: PC −16.6%, CE −24.5%, TG −25.9%, respectively (all P < 0.05). ES males showed higher hepatic Tnf and Cd68 and increased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) (all P < 0.05). In vitro, Etn did not alter hepatocellular TG, PC, or PE synthesis (all P > 0.05). Female ES mice exhibited altered fecal β-diversity (PERMANOVA P = 0.006) with early jejunal inflammatory signals (Tnf ↑; P = 0.055).

Conclusions

Dietary Etn modifies hepatic lipid storage and gut microbiota in a sex-dependent manner and improves glucose tolerance in males, whereas in vitro data indicate no direct effect on hepatocyte lipid synthesis.

背景：乙醇胺（Etn）是磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的前体，可能改变肝脏脂质稳态和肠道健康；它对饮食的影响尚不明确。目的：通过体外肝细胞实验，研究高脂饮食（HFD）小鼠饲粮中Etn对脂质和葡萄糖代谢及肝脏/肠道健康的影响。方法：选用10周龄C57BL/6小鼠（公20只，母18只），在加（ES）或不加（CON） Etn （8 g/kg日粮）的情况下，随意饲喂HFD（45%脂肪能量）10周。结果包括体/肝质量、糖耐量（GTT）、血浆PC/CE/TG、肝脏TG/PC/PE、肝脏er应激和炎症标志物、空肠形态/屏障/炎症基因和粪便微生物群（α/β多样性）。HuH7细胞接受20 μM或5 mM Etn，以评估TG/PC/PE的合成。统计学：重复测量方差分析（GTT）， t检验或Wilcoxon（其他终点），PERMANOVA （β多样性）；α= 0.05。结果：ES使女性的肝脏TG比CON增加了230% (p = 0.001)，并且在男性中有更高的趋势（p = 0.054）；肝脏PC和PE肿块未见变化。es组GTT AUC降低22.6% (p = 0.037)，血浆PC、CE、TG分别降低PC - 16.6%、CE - 24.5%、TG - 25.9%（均p < 0.05）。ES男性肝脏Tnf、Cd68升高，CHOP蛋白升高（均p < 0.05）。在体外，Etn没有改变肝细胞TG、PC或PE合成（均p < 0.05）。雌性ES小鼠表现出粪便β多样性的改变（PERMANOVA p = 0.006），伴有早期空肠炎症信号（Tnf↑；p = 0.055）。结论：膳食Etn以性别依赖的方式改变肝脏脂质储存和肠道微生物群，并改善男性的葡萄糖耐量，而体外数据显示对肝细胞脂质合成没有直接影响。

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引用次数: 0

High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Alters Tissue-Specific Vitamin D Metabolite Distribution in Mice During Pregnancy. 大剂量补充维生素D改变妊娠期小鼠组织特异性维生素D代谢物分布。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101345

Iskander Lc Shadid, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Bruce D Levy, Scott T Weiss, Hooman Mirzakhani

Background: Pregnancy is a major modifier of vitamin D metabolism, which is suggested to serve an immunomodulatory role, support placental function, and aid fetal development. However, little is known about local tissue concentrations of vitamin D metabolites following supplementation during gestation.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify intracellular concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25[OH]D) and the bioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25[OH]₂D) across tissues following vitamin D supplementation and to determine how this distribution is altered during gestation in mice.

Methods: Forty nulliparous female C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice were fed a semipurified diet supplemented with either a normal (1000 IU/kg) or high-dose (6000 IU/kg) vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) for 4 wk. Thirty females were mated with 10 diet-matched C57BL/6 males, whereas 10 females served as nonpregnant controls. Maternal serum, lung, liver, kidney, and placental tissue and fetal samples were collected at gestational day 18.5. Concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and compared between groups using t tests in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

Results: High-dose vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D (calcidiol) across all groups, with a clear dose response. Serum 1,25(OH)₂D (calcitriol) concentrations were substantially increased in pregnant compared with nonpregnant females (mean difference: 74 pg/mL for control dose, P < 0.05 and 65 pg/mL for high dose, P = 0.1). Tissue analysis revealed the lungs as important targets of 25(OH)D accumulation, with significantly higher concentrations than liver tissue in nonpregnant (mean difference: 27 ng/g, P < 0.05) mice. Pregnancy induced notable shifts in vitamin D metabolite distribution, including reduced serum 25(OH)D concentrations and enhanced renal conversion to serum 1,25(OH)₂D. Despite high placental accumulation of 25(OH)D, fetal 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in the high-dose group (mean difference: -2.6 ng/g, P < 0.05), suggesting a protective saturation mechanism. High-dose vitamin D supplementation was well tolerated without any adverse gestational events.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pregnancy results in a redistribution of vitamin D metabolites in tissues, with the kidneys and placenta playing central roles. This distribution is responsive to prenatal vitamin D supplementation; however, under supraphysiological maternal dosing, fetal 25(OH)D uptake may be decreased.

背景：妊娠是维生素D代谢的主要改变因素，维生素D可能具有免疫调节作用，支持胎盘功能，促进胎儿发育。然而，对妊娠期间补充维生素D代谢物后的局部组织浓度知之甚少。目的：我们旨在量化补充维生素D后组织中25-羟基维生素D （25[OH]D3）和生物活性1,25-二羟基维生素D （1,25[OH]2D3）的细胞内浓度，并确定这种分布在小鼠妊娠期间是如何改变的。方法：40只未生育雌性C57BL/6（野生型）小鼠在半纯化饲料中添加正常（1,000 IU/kg）或高剂量（6,000 IU/kg）维生素D3，饲喂4周。30只雌性与10只饮食匹配的C57BL/6雄性交配，10只雌性作为未怀孕的对照组。于妊娠第18.5天采集母体血清、肺、肝、肾、胎盘组织及胎儿标本。采用高压液相色谱和串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定25-羟基维生素D （25[OH]D）和1,25[OH]2D3的浓度，并在r中使用t检验比较各组之间的差异。结果：高剂量维生素D补充增加了所有组的血清25(OH)D，并具有明显的剂量反应。孕妇血清1,25(OH)2D浓度显著高于非孕妇（对照组平均差异为74 pg/mL， p < 0.05，高剂量组平均差异为65 pg/mL， p = 0.1）。组织分析显示，肺是25(OH)D积累的重要目标，其浓度显著高于未妊娠小鼠的肝组织（平均差异27 ng/g， p < 0.05）。妊娠引起维生素D代谢物分布的显著变化，包括降低血清25(OH)D浓度和增强肾脏向血清125 (OH)2D的转化。尽管胎盘中25(OH)D积累较高，但高剂量组胎儿25(OH)D浓度显著降低（平均差值-2.6 ng/g, p < 0.05），提示存在保护性饱和机制。大剂量维生素D补充耐受良好，无任何不良妊娠事件。结论：我们的研究结果表明，怀孕导致组织中维生素D代谢物的重新分配，肾脏和胎盘起着核心作用。这种分布对产前补充维生素D有反应；然而，在超生理剂量下，胎儿的25(OH)D摄取可能会减少。

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引用次数: 0

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improves Pulmonary Function and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: a Meta-Analysis 补充Omega-3脂肪酸可改善危重患者的肺功能和临床结果：一项荟萃分析

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101351

Ming-yuan Wu , Xin Wang , Jian-zheng Cai , Ting Liu , Yu-yu Wang , Yun-xia Wang , Chen-xi Xu

Background

Although several studies have examined the relationship between omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, their findings remain mixed and inconclusive, and additional research is warranted.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods

We searched 5 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify randomized controlled trials involving critically ill adults who received ω-3 fatty acids. Both enteral and parenteral routes of administration were included. Effect estimates were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I² statistic.

Results

The analysis included 29 studies involving 2551 critically ill patients. The ω-3 fatty acids intervention significantly increased EPA and DHA levels. For inflammatory and immune markers, it increased CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. For pulmonary function, it increased PaO₂, SaO₂, and PaO₂/FiO₂, and decreased airway resistance, positive end expiratory pressure, and lactate levels. For clinical outcomes, it significantly shortened mechanical ventilation days [mean difference: −1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.54, −0.09; P = 0.04] and length of hospitalization (mean difference: −3.96; 95% CI: −7.83, −0.09; P = 0.04). Both enteral and parenteral supplementation with ω-3 could reduce CRP levels, shorten hospital stay, and improve the oxygenation index. Besides, ω-3 via enteral nutrition also increases PaO₂ and shortens mechanical ventilation days.

Conclusions

In critically ill patients, ω-3 fatty acids may improve fatty acid concentrations, modulate immune regulation, enhance pulmonary function, and be associated with improved clinical outcomes.

背景：虽然有几项研究调查了omega-3脂肪酸与危重患者肺功能和临床结局之间的关系，但研究结果仍然是混合的和不确定的，需要进一步的研究。目的：本研究旨在评估omega-3脂肪酸对危重患者肺功能和临床结局的影响。方法：我们检索了5个数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、EBSCO和CENTRAL），以确定涉及接受omega-3脂肪酸治疗的危重成人的随机对照试验。包括肠内和肠外给药途径。使用固定效应或随机效应模型汇总效果估计，并使用I2统计量评估研究之间的异质性。结果：纳入29项研究，共2551例危重患者。omega-3脂肪酸干预显著提高了EPA和DHA水平。对于炎症和免疫标志物，它增加CD4+ T淋巴细胞，CD4+/CD8+比值，降低CRP水平。对于肺功能，它增加了PaO2、SaO2和PaO2/FiO2，降低了气道阻力、PEEP和乳酸水平。临床结果方面，它显著缩短了机械通气天数（MD, -1.31; 95% CI, [-2.54, -0.09]; P = 0.04）和住院时间（MD, -3.96; 95% CI, [-7.83, -0.09]; P = 0.04）。肠内和肠外补充Omega-3均可降低CRP水平，缩短住院时间，改善氧合指数。此外，Omega-3经EN也增加了PaO2，缩短了机械通气天数。结论：在危重患者中，omega-3脂肪酸可能改善脂肪酸浓度，调节免疫调节，增强肺功能，并与改善临床结果相关。

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引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years: Analysis of the 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey 与10-19岁青少年贫血、缺铁和缺铁性贫血相关的因素：2020年布基纳法索国家微量营养素调查分析

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315

Aatekah Owais , Karim Bougma , Kimberley P Bouckaert , Estelle Bambara , Souleymane Tirogo , Roelinda Jongstra , Carine Mapango , Nicole D Ford , Maria Elena D Jefferds

Background

Anemia remains a significant health problem among Burkinabé adolescents aged 10–19 y. However, population-based information on its correlates remains limited.

Objectives

This study assessed the burden of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and factors associated with these outcomes among Burkinabé adolescents.

Methods

We used data from 689 boys and 724 girls who participated in the nationally representative (except Sahel region), population-based 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey to conduct hierarchical logistic multivariable regression identifying underlying, immediate, and biological factors associated with adolescent anemia, ID, and IDA, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results

Anemia prevalence was 31% among boys and 29% among girls. Prevalences of ID and IDA were 20% and 10%, respectively, among boys, and 24% and 12%, respectively, among girls. From the underlying factors assessed, household wealth was associated with all 3 outcomes in boys. Among immediate factors, older age (14–19 y) was associated with all 3 outcomes for girls. ID and recent malaria infection were also associated with higher odds of anemia in both populations, whereas vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of anemia among boys, as well as higher odds of ID and IDA for girls.

Conclusions

Anemia, ID, and IDA etiology among Burkinabé adolescents is multifactorial, with complex relationships involving household and individual characteristics, as well as biological factors. A multisectoral approach to adolescent-focused policies and programs, in addition to direct nutrition interventions, may be effective in reducing anemia, ID, and IDA among adolescents.

背景：在布基纳法索10-19岁的青少年中，贫血仍然是一个重要的健康问题。然而，以人口为基础的相关信息仍然有限。目的：本研究评估了布基纳法索青少年贫血、缺铁（ID）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）的负担，以及与这些结果相关的因素。方法：我们使用参加全国代表性（萨赫勒地区除外）的689名男孩和724名女孩的数据，以人口为基础的2020年布基纳法索国家微量营养素调查，进行分层logistic多变量回归，确定与青少年贫血、ID和IDA相关的潜在、直接和生物因素，统计学意义设置为P < 0.05。结果：男孩和女孩的贫血患病率分别为31%和29%。男孩的ID和IDA患病率分别为20%和10%，女孩的患病率分别为24%和12%。从评估的潜在因素来看，家庭财富与男孩的所有三个结果都有关。在直接因素中，年龄较大（14-19岁）与女孩的所有3种结果有关。缺乏症和最近的疟疾感染也与两种人群中较高的贫血几率有关，而维生素A缺乏与男孩中较高的贫血几率有关，女孩中缺乏症和IDA的几率也较高。结论：布基纳法索青少年贫血、ID和IDA的病因是多因素的，涉及家庭和个人特征以及生物学因素的复杂关系。除了直接的营养干预措施外，针对青少年的多部门政策和规划可能会有效减少青少年贫血、缺血症和缺血症。

{"title":"Factors Associated with Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years: Analysis of the 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey","authors":"Aatekah Owais , Karim Bougma , Kimberley P Bouckaert , Estelle Bambara , Souleymane Tirogo , Roelinda Jongstra , Carine Mapango , Nicole D Ford , Maria Elena D Jefferds","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anemia remains a significant health problem among Burkinabé adolescents aged 10–19 y. However, population-based information on its correlates remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the burden of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and factors associated with these outcomes among Burkinabé adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from 689 boys and 724 girls who participated in the nationally representative (except Sahel region), population-based 2020 Burkina Faso National Micronutrient Survey to conduct hierarchical logistic multivariable regression identifying underlying, immediate, and biological factors associated with adolescent anemia, ID, and IDA, with statistical significance set at <em>P</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Anemia prevalence was 31% among boys and 29% among girls. Prevalences of ID and IDA were 20% and 10%, respectively, among boys, and 24% and 12%, respectively, among girls. From the underlying factors assessed, household wealth was associated with all 3 outcomes in boys. Among immediate factors, older age (14–19 y) was associated with all 3 outcomes for girls. ID and recent malaria infection were also associated with higher odds of anemia in both populations, whereas vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of anemia among boys, as well as higher odds of ID and IDA for girls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anemia, ID, and IDA etiology among Burkinabé adolescents is multifactorial, with complex relationships involving household and individual characteristics, as well as biological factors. A multisectoral approach to adolescent-focused policies and programs, in addition to direct nutrition interventions, may be effective in reducing anemia, ID, and IDA among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 3","pages":"Article 101315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscle Recovery and Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis after Damaging Exercise with Recombinant Bovine β-Lactoglobulin, Dairy-Derived Whey or Carbohydrate Supplementation in Young Healthy Adults. 重组牛β-乳球蛋白、乳源性乳清或碳水化合物对年轻健康成人损伤性运动后肌肉恢复和肌原纤维蛋白合成的影响

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101321

Lucy M Rogers, Marie Korzepa, Archie E Belfield, Jonathan I Quinlan, Gareth A Wallis, Leigh Breen

Background: Supplementation with recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin (rBLG), a precision-engineered mimetic of dairy-derived whey, supports similar resistance exercise (RE) training-induced muscle remodeling to whey protein (WHEY). However, the influence of rBLG on recovery indices and muscle protein synthesis rates after damaging exercise is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the influence of rBLG supplementation on indices of muscle recovery and integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) over 72 h following damaging RE, compared with WHEY and a carbohydrate placebo.

Methods: In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design, 27 healthy adults consuming a controlled diet (∼0.9 g/kg body mass/d of protein) were supplemented thrice daily with 0.3 g/kg body mass of rBLG, WHEY, or isocaloric carbohydrate placebo for 3 d following an acute bout of damaging lower-body RE (8 × 10 maximal, unilateral, eccentric knee extensions). Consumption of deuterated water combined with serial vastus lateralis muscle biopsies permitted the measurement of iMyoPS 72 h before (habitual) and after RE. Knee extensor maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness, and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assessed post-RE to characterize muscle recovery.

Results: iMyoPS fractional synthetic rate (%/d) increased following damaging RE (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between groups. Knee extensor MVC decreased, and subjective muscle soreness and plasma LDH concentrations increased following strenuous exercise (P < 0.05 for all) with no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions: At habitual dietary protein intakes ∼0.9 g/kg body mass/d, further rBLG or WHEY supplementation did not influence muscle recovery or iMyoPS rates, suggesting that protein supplementation, at the intakes studied, may have limited efficacy as a tool to enhance muscle recovery and remodeling from damaging exercise.

背景：补充重组牛β-乳球蛋白（rBLG），一种精确的乳源乳清模拟物，支持与乳清蛋白（whey）相似的阻力运动（RE）训练诱导的肌肉重塑。然而，rBLG对损伤性运动后恢复指标和肌肉蛋白质合成率的影响尚不清楚。方法：在随机双盲、安慰剂对照、平行组设计中，27名健康成人在急性下肢RE发作（8 × 10次最大、单侧、偏心膝关节伸展）后，每天3次补充0.3 g·kg体重-1的rBLG、乳清或等热量碳水化合物安慰剂（CHO），控制饮食（~ 0.9 g·kg体重-1·d-1蛋白质）。消耗氘水（D2O）结合连续的股外侧肌活检，可以在RE之前（习惯性）和之后的72小时内测量综合肌纤维蛋白合成（iMyoPS）。膝关节伸肌最大自愿收缩（MVC）、肌肉酸痛、肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的血浆浓度也在RE后进行评估，以表征肌肉恢复。结果：损伤性RE后，iMyoPS FSR（%·d-1）增加(p结论：在习惯性膳食蛋白质摄入量为0.9 g·kg体重-1·d-1时，进一步补充rBLG或乳清蛋白不会影响肌肉恢复或iMyoPS率，这表明在研究的摄入量下，蛋白质补充作为增强肌肉恢复和损伤性运动重塑的工具可能效果有限。

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引用次数: 0

An Overnight, 8-Hour Low Oxygen Exposure Increases Energy Expenditure with No Effect on Energy Intake: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Study 一项随机、假对照、交叉研究：夜间8小时低氧暴露会增加能量消耗，但对能量摄入没有影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101319

Paul A Baker , Alexandria N Long , M Alan Dawson , Claire E Berryman

Background

Extended exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude induces negative energy balance through elevations in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and decreases in energy intake. It is unknown if an overnight bout of normobaric hypoxic (NH) exposure at sea level induces similar changes in energy balance and associated mechanisms.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a single overnight exposure to NH on RMR, heart rate (HR) variability (HRV), appetite, and energy intake compared with an overnight exposure to normobaric normoxia (NN) in normal-weight adults.

Methods

In this randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study, 20 adults (22.7 ± 1.7 kg/m², 24.5 ± 3.9 y) slept 8 h in a tent maintained at either ∼15% (∼2640 m elevation) or ∼20% oxygen (∼305m elevation). The following morning, HRV was measured inside the tent using electrocardiography; RMR was measured outside the tent using indirect calorimetry; and energy intake and subjective appetite were assessed outside the tent with an ad libitum breakfast buffet and visual analog scales, respectively.

Results

Overnight peripheral oxygen saturation was lower in NH (mean ± SD: 88.2% ± 2.3%) compared with NN (96.2% ± 0.9%; P-condition < 0.0001). Root mean square of successive RR interval difference and high frequency activity, markers of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, were lower after NH (47.7 ± 19.5 ms and 524 ± 335 ms², respectively) compared with NN (58.3 ± 22.6 ms, P-condition = 0.034 and 748 ± 476 ms², P-condition = 0.052, respectively). HR was greater in NH (61.3 ± 7.4 bpm) compared with NN (56.2 ± 7.6 bpm; P-condition < 0.0001). RMR was elevated in NH (1.07 ± 0.18 kcal/min) compared with NN (1.04 ± 0.13 kcal/min; P-condition = 0.018). Appetite and energy intake did not differ between conditions (P-condition > 0.05).

Conclusions

One-night exposure to NH reduced PNS activity, increased HR and RMR, and had no impact on energy intake or appetite when compared with NN exposure.

This trial is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ as NCT04151927.

背景：在高海拔地区长期暴露于低气压缺氧，通过静息代谢率（RMR）的升高和能量摄入的减少导致负能量平衡。目前尚不清楚一夜的海平面常压缺氧（NH）暴露是否会引起能量平衡和相关机制的类似变化。目的：确定与正常体重成人夜间暴露于正压正氧环境（NN）相比，夜间暴露于NH对RMR、心率变异性（HRV）、食欲和能量摄入的影响。方法：在这项随机、单盲、假对照、交叉研究中，20名成年人（22.7±1.7kg/m2, 24.5±3.9y）在维持15%（海拔2640米）或20%氧气（海拔305米）的帐篷中睡眠8小时。第二天早上，在帐篷内用心电图测量HRV；在帐篷外用间接量热法测量RMR；在帐篷外分别用自助早餐和视觉模拟量表评估能量摄入和主观食欲。结果：夜间外周血氧饱和度（平均值±SD: 88.2±2.3%）低于非神经损伤组（96.2±0.9%,p-condition2），低于非神经损伤组（58.3±22.6ms, p-condition=0.034; 748±476ms2, p-condition=0.052）。NH组心率（61.3±7.4 bpm）高于NN组（56.2±7.6 bpm; p-condition0.05）。结论：与神经网络暴露相比，一晚暴露于NH降低了PNS活动，增加了HR和RMR，并且对能量摄入或食欲没有影响。该试验在https://clinicaltrials.gov/注册为NCT04151927。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on "Energy Drinks-Trend or Awareness Choice? A Mini-Review". “能量饮料——趋势还是意识的选择？”原子力”。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101317

Meer M Abdulkarim, Berun A Abdalla, Fahmi H Kakamad

引用次数: 0

2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans in Pregnancy: Adherence Shortfalls and Associations with Gestational Weight Gain 2020-2025年美国孕妇膳食指南：依从性不足及其与妊娠期体重增加的关系

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.011

Leyre Notario-Barandiaran , Antonio J Signes-Pastor , Katherine P Himes , Margaret R Karagas

Background

The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) include, for the first time, tailored recommendations for pregnant females, and guidance on weight management. In the United States, nearly 50% of pregnant females exceed the recommended gestational weight gain (GWG), whereas only ∼30% gain weight within the established guidelines. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is essential for maternal and fetal health, and for achieving appropriate GWG.

Objectives

This study evaluated adherence to the 2020–2025 DGA during pregnancy and examined its association with GWG.

Methods

We included 1452 pregnant participants from the New Hampshire birth cohort study. Intake of specific food groups and nutrients was estimated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The difference between prepregnancy weight and the last recorded weight prior to delivery was used to calculate GWG. Adherence to the food groups and nutrient intake was based on the 2020‒2025 DGA and the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for pregnant people. The association between overall and individual adherence to food groups and nutrients in relation to GWG was evaluated by multinomial regression analysis. Models were adjusted for age, prepregnancy body mass index (in kg/m²), gestational smoking, educational level, parity, infant birth weight, gestational age, and energy intake.

Results

Only 3% of participants met the recommended intake for all 5 core 2020‒2025 DGA food groups, with particularly low adherence observed for fruits, grains, and dairy. Intake of several nutrients also fell below recommendations. Just 30% of females achieved GWG within the recommendations. Participants adherent to the 2020–2025 DGA had 19% and 4% higher odds of having GWG within the recommended range compared with under- and overrecommendations, respectively (odds ratio: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.81, 0.81; and odds ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.97).

Conclusions

Adherence to the 2020‒2025 DGA and GWG guidelines was low in this rural cohort. Addressing inadequate dietary patterns and promoting balanced nutrient intake may improve pregnancy outcomes and support healthier GWG trajectories. However, because an adequate diet alone was associated with recommended GWG in only ∼19% of participants, additional strategies are likely needed to help more pregnant individuals meet GWG recommendations.

背景：2020-2025年美国人膳食指南（DGA）首次包括针对孕妇的量身定制建议和体重管理指导。在美国，近50%的孕妇超过了建议的妊娠期体重增加（GWG），而只有约30%的孕妇在既定的指导方针内体重增加。怀孕期间的最佳营养对母婴健康和实现适当的GWG至关重要。目的：本研究评估妊娠期2020-2025 DGA的依从性，并探讨其与GWG的关系。方法：我们纳入了来自新罕布什尔州出生队列研究的1452名孕妇。通过有效的食物频率问卷（FFQ）估计特定食物组和营养素的摄入量。妊娠前体重与分娩前最后一次记录体重之差用于计算GWG。对食物组和营养摄入的坚持是基于2020-2025年DGA和国家科学、工程和医学科学院食品和营养委员会对孕妇的指导。通过多项回归分析评估总体和个体对食物组和营养素的依从性与GWG的关系。模型根据年龄、孕前体重指数、孕期吸烟、教育水平、胎次、婴儿出生体重、胎龄和能量摄入进行调整。结果：只有3%的参与者达到了所有五种核心2020-2025年DGA食品组的推荐摄入量，其中水果、谷物和乳制品的依从性特别低。一些营养素的摄入量也低于建议。在建议范围内，只有30%的女性达到了GWG。坚持2020-2025年DGA的参与者GWG在推荐范围内的几率分别比低于和超过推荐范围的高19%和4%(优势比(OR) = 0.81；95%置信区间（CI）： 0.81, 0.81；OR = 0.96；95% ci: 0.95, 0.97)。结论：该农村队列对2020-2025年DGA和GWG指南的依从性较低。解决不适当的饮食模式和促进均衡的营养摄入可以改善妊娠结局，支持更健康的妊娠期妊娠变化轨迹。然而，由于仅19%的参与者中充足的饮食与推荐的GWG有关，因此可能需要额外的策略来帮助更多的孕妇达到GWG建议。

{"title":"2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans in Pregnancy: Adherence Shortfalls and Associations with Gestational Weight Gain","authors":"Leyre Notario-Barandiaran , Antonio J Signes-Pastor , Katherine P Himes , Margaret R Karagas","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) include, for the first time, tailored recommendations for pregnant females, and guidance on weight management. In the United States, nearly 50% of pregnant females exceed the recommended gestational weight gain (GWG), whereas only ∼30% gain weight within the established guidelines. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is essential for maternal and fetal health, and for achieving appropriate GWG.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated adherence to the 2020–2025 DGA during pregnancy and examined its association with GWG.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 1452 pregnant participants from the New Hampshire birth cohort study. Intake of specific food groups and nutrients was estimated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The difference between prepregnancy weight and the last recorded weight prior to delivery was used to calculate GWG. Adherence to the food groups and nutrient intake was based on the 2020‒2025 DGA and the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for pregnant people. The association between overall and individual adherence to food groups and nutrients in relation to GWG was evaluated by multinomial regression analysis. Models were adjusted for age, prepregnancy body mass index (in kg/m<sup>2</sup>), gestational smoking, educational level, parity, infant birth weight, gestational age, and energy intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only 3% of participants met the recommended intake for all 5 core 2020‒2025 DGA food groups, with particularly low adherence observed for fruits, grains, and dairy. Intake of several nutrients also fell below recommendations. Just 30% of females achieved GWG within the recommendations. Participants adherent to the 2020–2025 DGA had 19% and 4% higher odds of having GWG within the recommended range compared with under- and overrecommendations, respectively (odds ratio: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.81, 0.81; and odds ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.97).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adherence to the 2020‒2025 DGA and GWG guidelines was low in this rural cohort. Addressing inadequate dietary patterns and promoting balanced nutrient intake may improve pregnancy outcomes and support healthier GWG trajectories. However, because an adequate diet alone was associated with recommended GWG in only ∼19% of participants, additional strategies are likely needed to help more pregnant individuals meet GWG recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body Selenium Status and Diabetes and Complications: The Multiphased Effect of Selenium 体内硒水平与糖尿病及其并发症：硒的多阶段作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.001

Xiaoling Liang , Linyan Li , Huiling Lu , Yixuan Li , Qiaoyu Zhang , Liegang Liu

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing public health issue. Although selenium (Se) is essential for physiological functions and health, its clear link to T2D and related diseases is not yet fully understood. The 2021 meta-analysis of observational studies indicated a positive association between Se and T2D. Current observational studies regarding Se and T2D have proliferated rapidly, particularly with new data emerging from China; this evidence needs to be re-searched and summarized. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews regarding Mendelian randomization (MR) studies and the association between Se and diabetes-associated complications. Thus, in this comprehensive review, which integrated narrative synthesis and meta-analyses, we reviewed the experimental, observational, MR studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Se in T2D and related complications. The intricate association between Se and T2D and related diseases is discussed, as well as the limitations of the existing studies and the reasons for inconsistent results. A narrative review of experimental data finds that supranutritional Se intake/abnormal selenoprotein expression promotes the T2D-like phenotype. Meanwhile, updated random-effects meta-analyses of both observational trials and MR trials support that high-Se status increases the T2D. However, meta-analyses of RCTs have not supported that Se supplementation is harmful to the incidence of T2D. Moreover, there is growing evidence that high-Se status improves prognosis and reduces the risk of complications in individuals with T2D, such as diabetic cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and foot ulcers. Similarly complex relationships have been observed in diabetes-related liver disease; a positive association was observed between Se and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on meta-analysis, yet Se appears to protect against liver fibrosis. These complex, multiphased effects in the relationship between Se and T2D and associated complications have increased the challenges of making more appropriate dietary recommendations to achieve the optimal concentration range for humans.

2型糖尿病（T2D）是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。虽然硒（Se）对生理功能和健康至关重要，但其与T2D和相关疾病的明确联系尚未完全清楚。2021年对观察性研究的荟萃分析表明硒与T2D呈正相关。目前关于硒和T2D的观测研究迅速增加，特别是来自中国的新数据；这些证据需要重新研究和总结。此外，缺乏关于孟德尔随机化（MR）研究和硒与糖尿病相关并发症之间关系的全面综述。因此，在这篇综合叙述综合和荟萃分析的综合综述中，我们回顾了硒在T2D及相关并发症中的实验、观察、MR研究和随机对照试验（RCTs）。讨论了硒与T2D及相关疾病之间的复杂关系，以及现有研究的局限性和结果不一致的原因。对实验数据的叙述性回顾发现，营养过量硒摄入/硒蛋白表达异常可促进t2d样表型。同时，观察性试验和MR试验的最新随机效应荟萃分析支持高硒水平增加T2D。然而，随机对照试验的荟萃分析并未支持硒补充剂对T2D发病率有害的观点。此外，越来越多的证据表明，高硒水平可以改善T2D患者的预后，降低并发症的风险，如糖尿病性心血管疾病、肾病、视网膜病变和足部溃疡。在糖尿病相关肝病中也观察到类似的复杂关系；基于荟萃分析，硒与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病之间存在正相关，但硒似乎可以预防肝纤维化。硒和T2D之间关系的这些复杂的、多阶段的影响以及相关的并发症增加了制定更合适的饮食建议以达到人类最佳浓度范围的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Fat Amount Rather Than Fatty Acid Composition Influences Postprandial Hunger, Satiety and Attention in Men and Women with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Crossover Trial 脂肪量而非脂肪酸组成影响心脏代谢疾病风险表型的男性和女性餐后饥饿、饱腹感和注意力：一项随机交叉试验

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.003

Christina Diekmann , Tim B Schiemann , Hannah F Kienēs , Carolin Wiechmann , Christina Kopp , Birgit Stoffel-Wagner , Martin Coenen , Robert Németh , Michael Wagner , Sarah Egert

Background

Hunger and satiety are influenced by both the amount and composition of dietary fat.

Objectives

This exploratory analysis examined the effects of meals enriched with different amounts of either canola oil (rich in unsaturated fatty acids) or coconut oil (rich in saturated fatty acids) on postprandial changes in subjective hunger and satiety ratings, related hormones, attention, and memory.

Methods

Twenty-nine participants with an increased cardiometabolic disease risk (e.g., body mass index, 30.2 ± 2.6 kg/m²) received 4 isoenergetic (∼4200 kJ) test meals in a randomized order: high-fat meals (HFMs) (50 g) or low-fat meals (LFMs) (25 g) containing either canola or coconut oil. Hunger and satiety ratings, blood samples for ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY), and cognitive tests were conducted at fasting and over a 6-h postprandial period. The data were analyzed via linear mixed models.

Results

Lower serum ghrelin levels were observed after canola oil meals [canola compared with coconut: –27,700 (confidence interval: –40,700, –14,700) min × pg/mL] with no effect of fat amount on incremental area under the curve data [HFM compared with LFM: –9500 (–22,500, 3500) min × pg/mL]. Serum PYY concentrations were higher after HFMs [HFM compared with LFM: 8600 (2100, 15,200) min × pg/mL]. LFMs resulted in lower subjective hunger ratings compared with HFMs [HFM compared with LFM: 250 (71, 430) min × score-value].

Conclusions

Our data indicate that predominantly the amount of dietary fat, rather than its type, affects hunger and satiety. At the hormonal level, canola oil suppressed postprandial hunger to a greater extent than coconut oil.

This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) as NCT05208346.

背景：饥饿和饱腹感受膳食脂肪的数量和组成的影响。目的：本探索性分析考察了富含不同量菜籽油（富含不饱和脂肪酸）或椰子油（富含饱和脂肪酸）的膳食对餐后主观饥饿感和饱腹感评分、相关激素、注意力和记忆力变化的影响。方法：29名心脏代谢疾病风险增加的参与者（例如，BMI, 30.2±2.6 kg/m2）按随机顺序接受四种等能（~ 4200 kJ）试验餐：含有菜籽油或椰子油的高脂肪（50克）或低脂肪（25克）餐。在空腹和餐后6小时进行饥饿和饱腹感评分、胃饥饿素和YY肽（PYY）血液样本和认知测试。通过线性混合模型对数据进行分析。结果：菜籽油餐后血清生长素水平较低（菜籽油与椰子油：-27,700 [CI -40,700; -14,700]），脂肪量对iauc数据没有影响（高脂餐[HFM]与低脂餐[LFM]: -9,500 [-22,500; 3,500] min x pg/mL）。HFMs后血清PYY浓度较高（HFM vs. LFM: 8,600 [2,100; 15,200] min x pg/mL）。与高强度饮食相比，低强度饮食导致的主观饥饿评分较低（高强度饮食vs低强度饮食：250[71,430]分×评分值）。结论：我们的数据表明，影响饥饿感和饱腹感的主要是膳食脂肪的含量，而不是类型。在激素水平上，菜籽油比椰子油更能抑制餐后饥饿感。该试验在ClinicalTrials.gov （https://clinicaltrials.gov/）注册为NCT05208346。

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引用次数: 0