Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第2页

Letter to the Editor - "Relevant factors for the cardiovascular responses to dietary nitrate and nitrite". 致编辑的信-“饮食中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对心血管反应的相关因素”。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101384

Macario A Rebelo, Jose E Tanus-Santos

引用次数: 0

Amino Acid Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Is Blunted by Prematurity in a Piglet Model 仔猪模型中骨骼肌氨基酸信号通路因早产而钝化。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101303

Antonio C Ramos dos Santos , Agus Suryawan , Ki Beom Jang , Rosemarie D Parada , Mahmoud A Mohammad , Marta L Fiorotto , Teresa A Davis

Background

Preterm (PT) infants are at increased risk for reduced postnatal lean mass accretion. We established that the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is blunted in piglets born PT compared with those born at term.

Objectives

We evaluated the extent to which key components of the amino acid–sensing pathways that regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation contribute to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle of piglets born PT compared with those born term.

Methods

Piglets delivered by cesarean section 10 d PT (n = 23) or at term (n = 22) were administered total parenteral nutrition for 3 d. On day 4, euinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (FAST group), hyperinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (INS group), or euinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic-euglycemic (AA group) clamps were performed for 2 h. Abundances and activation of amino acid signaling components in skeletal muscle were analyzed by immunoblotting.

Results

Abundances of amino acid transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 (leucine), SLC38A9 (arginine), and SNAT2/SLC38A2 (glutamine) were unaffected by prematurity. Sestrin1- and Sestrin2-GATOR2 abundances were reduced (P < 0.05) by AA, consistent with leucine-induced dissociation of these inhibitory complexes; prematurity blunted this effect for Sestrin1-GATOR2 (P < 0.05). SAR1B, but not LARS-mTOR, leucine-sensor abundances were lower in PT than term animals (P < 0.05). TARS2 (threonine) and RAB1A (branched-chain amino acid) sensor abundances were lower in PT (P < 0.05). Arginine (CASTOR1-GATOR2), methionine (SAMTOR-GATOR1), and glutamine (ARF1) sensor abundances were unaffected by prematurity. AA-induced formations of RagA- and RagC-mTOR complexes were attenuated in PT compared with term piglets (P < 0.05). Both AA and INS stimulated mTORC1 phosphorylation, but these effects were blunted by prematurity.

Conclusions

PT birth impairs the abundance and activation of multiple amino acid–sensing components upstream of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle. This disruption attenuates amino acid–induced mTORC1-dependent translation initiation and protein synthesis and likely contributes to the anabolic resistance, reduced lean mass, and extrauterine growth faltering frequently observed in premature infants.

背景：早产儿产后瘦块增生减少的风险增加。我们证实，与足月仔猪相比，喂养诱导的骨骼肌蛋白质合成刺激在早产仔猪中减弱。目的：我们评估了与足月仔猪相比，早产儿（PT）骨骼肌中调节mTORC1激活的氨基酸感应通路的关键组分在多大程度上促进了合成代谢抵抗。方法：剖宫产10 d （n = 23）或T （n = 22）仔猪给予全肠外营养3 d。第4天，采用胰岛素-真氨基酸-正糖（FAST）钳夹、高胰岛素-真氨基酸-正糖（INS）钳夹或胰岛素-高氨基酸-正糖（AA）钳夹2 h。通过免疫印迹分析骨骼肌中氨基酸信号组分的丰度和激活情况。结果：氨基酸转运体LAT1/SLC7A5（亮氨酸）、SLC38A9（精氨酸）和SNAT2/SLC38A2（谷氨酰胺）的丰度不受早产影响。AA降低了Sestrin1-和Sestrin2-GATOR2的丰度（P < 0.05），这与亮氨酸诱导的这些抑制复合物解离一致；早产使Sestrin1-GATOR2的这种作用减弱（P < 0.05）。PT中SAR1B的亮氨酸传感器丰度低于T (P < 0.05)，而LARS-mTOR的丰度不低于T （P < 0.05）。TARS2（苏氨酸）和RAB1A（支链氨基酸）传感器丰度在PT中较低（P < 0.05）。精氨酸（CASTOR1-GATOR2）、蛋氨酸（SAMTOR-GATOR1）和谷氨酰胺（ARF1）传感器丰度不受早产影响。与T相比，aa诱导的RagA-和RagC-mTOR复合物的形成在PT中减弱（P < 0.05）。AA和INS均刺激mTORC1磷酸化，但这些作用因早产而减弱。结论：早产会损害骨骼肌中mTORC1上游多个氨基酸敏感组分的丰度和激活。这种破坏减弱了氨基酸诱导的mtorc1依赖的翻译起始和蛋白质合成，并可能导致合成代谢抵抗、瘦体重减少和早产儿经常观察到的子宫外生长迟缓。

{"title":"Amino Acid Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Is Blunted by Prematurity in a Piglet Model","authors":"Antonio C Ramos dos Santos , Agus Suryawan , Ki Beom Jang , Rosemarie D Parada , Mahmoud A Mohammad , Marta L Fiorotto , Teresa A Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm (PT) infants are at increased risk for reduced postnatal lean mass accretion. We established that the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is blunted in piglets born PT compared with those born at term.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated the extent to which key components of the amino acid–sensing pathways that regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation contribute to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle of piglets born PT compared with those born term.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Piglets delivered by cesarean section 10 d PT (<em>n</em> = 23) or at term (<em>n</em> = 22) were administered total parenteral nutrition for 3 d. On day 4, euinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (FAST group), hyperinsulinemic-euaminoacidemic-euglycemic (INS group), or euinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic-euglycemic (AA group) clamps were performed for 2 h. Abundances and activation of amino acid signaling components in skeletal muscle were analyzed by immunoblotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Abundances of amino acid transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 (leucine), SLC38A9 (arginine), and SNAT2/SLC38A2 (glutamine) were unaffected by prematurity. Sestrin1- and Sestrin2-GATOR2 abundances were reduced (<em>P</em> < 0.05) by AA, consistent with leucine-induced dissociation of these inhibitory complexes; prematurity blunted this effect for Sestrin1-GATOR2 (<em>P</em> < 0.05). SAR1B, but not LARS-mTOR, leucine-sensor abundances were lower in PT than term animals (<em>P</em> < 0.05). TARS2 (threonine) and RAB1A (branched-chain amino acid) sensor abundances were lower in PT (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Arginine (CASTOR1-GATOR2), methionine (SAMTOR-GATOR1), and glutamine (ARF1) sensor abundances were unaffected by prematurity. AA-induced formations of RagA- and RagC-mTOR complexes were attenuated in PT compared with term piglets (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Both AA and INS stimulated mTORC1 phosphorylation, but these effects were blunted by prematurity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PT birth impairs the abundance and activation of multiple amino acid–sensing components upstream of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle. This disruption attenuates amino acid–induced mTORC1-dependent translation initiation and protein synthesis and likely contributes to the anabolic resistance, reduced lean mass, and extrauterine growth faltering frequently observed in premature infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary Urolithin B Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis Correlating with Autophagy Induction and Gut Microbiota Remodeling 膳食尿素B抑制与自噬诱导和肠道微生物群重塑相关的肺肿瘤发生。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101320

Jiacheng Sun , Xiaohan Li , Lemei Sun, Bingqi Chen, Jing Duan

Background

Urolithin B (UB) is a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary ellagitannins found in foods such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. Although UB has demonstrated antitumor potential, possibly through gut microbiota modulation, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in lung cancer remain unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of UB on lung cancer suppression and to explore the potential involvement of autophagy and gut microbiota in these effects.

Methods

We employed in vitro and in vivo approaches. Lung cancer cells were treated with UB at varying concentrations to assess proliferation and autophagy. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify key regulatory pathways. A tumor-bearing mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of oral UB administration, and gut microbiota changes were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

UB inhibited lung cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primarily by inducing autophagy rather than apoptosis, as evidenced by increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II concentrations. Transcriptomic profiling and protein analysis revealed that UB treatment was associated with a change in the status of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway, a key regulator of autophagy. In vivo, oral UB administration significantly suppressed tumor growth, enhanced autophagic activity, and modulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that UB induced an enrichment of beneficial gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio.

Conclusions

These findings highlight UB as a promising dietary-derived metabolite for lung cancer prevention and therapy. Our study suggests that UB exerts its antitumor effects in part through the induction of autophagy associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway and concomitant modulation of the gut microbiota, emphasizing the critical role of food–gut interactions in cancer management.

背景：尿素B （UB）是一种肠道微生物代谢物，来源于石榴、浆果和坚果等食物中的鞣花单宁。虽然UB已经显示出抗肿瘤的潜力，可能是通过调节肠道微生物群，但其在肺癌中的具体作用和潜在机制尚不清楚。目的：本研究旨在研究UB对肺癌的抑制作用，并探讨自噬和肠道微生物群在这些作用中的潜在作用。方法：采用体外和体内两种方法。用不同浓度的UB处理肺癌细胞以评估其增殖和自噬。转录组学分析确定了关键的调控途径。采用荷瘤小鼠模型评价口服UB给药的效果，并通过16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群的变化。结果：UB以剂量和时间依赖的方式抑制肺癌细胞的生长，主要是通过诱导自噬而不是凋亡，微管相关蛋白1A/ 1b -轻链3-II （LC3-II）水平的增加证明了这一点。转录组学分析和蛋白质分析显示，UB治疗与amp激活的蛋白激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（AMPK/mTOR）通路状态的变化有关，AMPK/mTOR通路是自噬的关键调节因子。在体内，口服UB显著抑制肿瘤生长，增强自噬活性，调节自噬相关蛋白的表达。此外，16S rRNA测序显示，UB诱导了有益肠道细菌的富集，包括乳酸杆菌和Desulfovibrio。结论：这些发现突出了UB作为一种有前途的饮食衍生代谢物用于肺癌的预防和治疗。我们的研究表明，UB发挥其抗肿瘤作用部分是通过诱导与AMPK/mTOR通路相关的自噬以及伴随的肠道微生物群调节，强调了食物-肠道相互作用在癌症治疗中的关键作用。

{"title":"Dietary Urolithin B Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis Correlating with Autophagy Induction and Gut Microbiota Remodeling","authors":"Jiacheng Sun , Xiaohan Li , Lemei Sun, Bingqi Chen, Jing Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urolithin B (UB) is a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary ellagitannins found in foods such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. Although UB has demonstrated antitumor potential, possibly through gut microbiota modulation, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in lung cancer remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of UB on lung cancer suppression and to explore the potential involvement of autophagy and gut microbiota in these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We employed in vitro and in vivo approaches. Lung cancer cells were treated with UB at varying concentrations to assess proliferation and autophagy. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify key regulatory pathways. A tumor-bearing mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of oral UB administration, and gut microbiota changes were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UB inhibited lung cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primarily by inducing autophagy rather than apoptosis, as evidenced by increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II concentrations. Transcriptomic profiling and protein analysis revealed that UB treatment was associated with a change in the status of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway, a key regulator of autophagy. In vivo, oral UB administration significantly suppressed tumor growth, enhanced autophagic activity, and modulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that UB induced an enrichment of beneficial gut bacteria, including <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Desulfovibrio</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight UB as a promising dietary-derived metabolite for lung cancer prevention and therapy. Our study suggests that UB exerts its antitumor effects in part through the induction of autophagy associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway and concomitant modulation of the gut microbiota, emphasizing the critical role of food–gut interactions in cancer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of Fructose Consumption with Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease—The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study 果糖摄入与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）患病率和发病率的关系——库奥皮奥缺血性心脏病危险因素研究

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101318

Ronja H Saarinen , Heli EK Virtanen , Sari Hantunen , Jukka T Salonen , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jyrki K Virtanen

Background

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of liver diseases. Fructose intake has been associated with liver fat accumulation, but less is known whether the associations differ based on the source of fructose.

Objectives

We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of intake of total fructose and fructose from different sources with risk of MASLD among middle-aged and older people from Eastern Finland.

Methods

The cross-sectional analyses included 666 males and 865 females aged 53–73 y, examined in 1998–2001. The longitudinal analyses included 300 males and 467 females examined again in 2005–2008. Fructose intake was assessed with 4-d food record. Fatty liver index (FLI) was used as a surrogate for liver fat content. MASLD was defined as FLI ≥60 and the presence of ≥1 cardiometabolic risk factors. Analysis of variance and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were used for analyses.

Results

The mean total fructose intake was 33 g/d (standard deviation 13.4, 7.4% of the total energy intake), with sweeteners (mainly sugar, 34.5% of the total fructose intake), fruits and berries (20.2%), and beverages (18.9%) being the major sources. In the cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher total fructose intake had 43% lower odds for MASLD [95% confidence interval (CI): 10%, 64%] in those in the highest (>39.7 g/d) compared with the lowest (<24.6 g/d) intake quartile (P-trend across quartiles = 0.02). Among the sources of fructose, the strongest inverse associations were observed with fructose from sweeteners. In the longitudinal analyses, total fructose intake was not associated with MASLD. However, fructose from sweeteners again had a strong inverse association with odds for MASLD (78% lower odds in the highest compared with the lowest quartile, 95% CI: 49%, 90%; P-trend < 0.001). Fructose from fruits and berries or from beverages was not associated with MASLD.

Conclusions

In middle-aged and older Finnish adults, higher fructose intake, especially from sweeteners, was associated with lower odds for MASLD.

背景：代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）是肝脏疾病的主要原因。果糖摄入与肝脏脂肪积累有关，但这种联系是否因果糖来源的不同而不同尚不清楚。目的：我们调查了芬兰东部中老年人群摄入总果糖和不同来源果糖与MASLD风险的横断面和纵向关联。方法：对1998 ~ 2001年53 ~ 73岁男性666例，女性865例进行横断面分析。纵向分析包括300名男性和467名女性，在2005-2008年再次接受调查。用4天食物记录评估果糖摄入量。用脂肪肝指数（FLI）代替肝脏脂肪含量。MASLD定义为FLI≥60且存在≥1个心脏代谢危险因素。采用方差分析和多变量调整logistic回归进行分析。结果：果糖的平均总摄入量为33 g/d (SD值为13.4，占总能量摄入的7.4%)，其中甜味剂（主要是糖，占果糖总摄入量的34.5%）、水果和浆果（20.2%）和饮料（18.9%）是主要来源。在横断面分析中，果糖总摄入量较高的参与者患MASLD的几率比摄入量最高的参与者低43% (95% CI 10-64%) （>39.7 g/天）。结论：在中老年芬兰成年人中，果糖摄入量较高，特别是来自甜味剂的果糖摄入量较高，与MASLD的几率较低相关。

{"title":"Associations of Fructose Consumption with Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease—The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study","authors":"Ronja H Saarinen , Heli EK Virtanen , Sari Hantunen , Jukka T Salonen , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jyrki K Virtanen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction<strong>–</strong>associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of liver diseases. Fructose intake has been associated with liver fat accumulation, but less is known whether the associations differ based on the source of fructose.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of intake of total fructose and fructose from different sources with risk of MASLD among middle-aged and older people from Eastern Finland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-sectional analyses included 666 males and 865 females aged 53–73 y, examined in 1998–2001. The longitudinal analyses included 300 males and 467 females examined again in 2005–2008. Fructose intake was assessed with 4-d food record. Fatty liver index (FLI) was used as a surrogate for liver fat content. MASLD was defined as FLI ≥60 and the presence of ≥1 cardiometabolic risk factors. Analysis of variance and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were used for analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean total fructose intake was 33 g/d (standard deviation 13.4, 7.4% of the total energy intake), with sweeteners (mainly sugar, 34.5% of the total fructose intake), fruits and berries (20.2%), and beverages (18.9%) being the major sources. In the cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher total fructose intake had 43% lower odds for MASLD [95% confidence interval (CI): 10%, 64%] in those in the highest (>39.7 g/d) compared with the lowest (<24.6 g/d) intake quartile (<em>P</em>-trend across quartiles = 0.02). Among the sources of fructose, the strongest inverse associations were observed with fructose from sweeteners. In the longitudinal analyses, total fructose intake was not associated with MASLD. However, fructose from sweeteners again had a strong inverse association with odds for MASLD (78% lower odds in the highest compared with the lowest quartile, 95% CI: 49%, 90%; <em>P</em>-trend < 0.001). Fructose from fruits and berries or from beverages was not associated with MASLD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In middle-aged and older Finnish adults, higher fructose intake, especially from sweeteners, was associated with lower odds for MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility Study of Soybean Oil-Fortified Foods to Alter Blood Content of Linoleic Acid and Body Weight: A Randomized Double-Masked Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial 大豆油强化食品改变血液亚油酸含量和体重的可行性研究：一项随机双盲安慰剂对照交叉试验。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101288

Rachel M Cole , Eric Colombo , Austin Angelotti , Genevieve C Sparagna , Rolando E Choriego , Rafael Jimenez-Flores , Andy Ni , Martha A Belury

Background

Linoleic acid biomarkers are associated with positive health outcomes including lower risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The effect of consuming linoleate-fortified foods (compared with palm oil-fortified foods) in a randomized controlled, double-masked crossover study to change linoleic acid biomarkers without changing bodyweight is unknown.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of delivering soybean and palm oils through foods on the linoleic acid content of blood fractions and body weight in adults.

Methods

In this crossover pilot study, 4 male and 6 female adults, ages 25–76 y and body mass index from 26 to 41 kg/m², were randomly assigned to consume: 30 g of soybean and palm oil delivered in 3 study foods/d for 4 wk separated by a 2-wk washout period. Bodyweight, fatty acid profile of plasma, erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and dried blood spots, and PBMC cardiolipin were measured before and after each intervention period. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recalls. The outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results

After 4 wk of consuming 3 foods/d, plasma linoleic acid decreased during the palm oil intervention (–1.60, P = 0.04), whereas it tended to increase in plasma (2.35, P = 0.07) and erythrocytes (1.09, P = 0.05) during the soybean oil intervention. The percentage of PBMC tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin marginally increased during the soybean oil intervention (2.31, P = 0.05) but did not change during the palm oil intervention. There was no difference in energy intake between the 2 interventions (P = 0.65) and no change in bodyweight during either intervention (P > 0.40).

Conclusions

Foods can be used to deliver 30 g/d of dietary oil for 4 wk to impact linoleic acid biomarkers without incurring body weight changes. These foods are useful for future randomized controlled double-masked clinical trials assessing the impact of dietary oils on energy metabolism.

The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04975763 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04975763).

背景：亚油酸生物标志物与积极的健康结果相关，包括降低糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。在一项随机对照、双盲交叉研究中，食用亚油酸强化食品（与棕榈油强化食品相比）对改变亚油酸生物标志物而不改变体重的影响尚不清楚。目的：本研究的目的是确定通过研究食品输送大豆油和棕榈油对成人血液组分亚油酸含量和体重的影响。方法：在这项交叉先导研究中，4名男性和6名女性成年人，年龄在25-76岁之间，BMI在26 - 41之间，被随机分配到每天食用三种研究食物中的30克大豆油和棕榈油，持续4周，中间间隔2周的洗脱期。测定各组干预前后体重、血浆脂肪酸谱、红细胞、外周血单核细胞（PBMC）、干血斑、PBMC心磷脂。采用24小时回顾法评估饮食摄入量。结果采用Wilcoxon sign Rank检验进行分析。结果：每天进食3种食物4周后，棕榈油干预组血浆亚油酸下降（-1.60,p=0.04），豆油干预组血浆亚油酸有升高趋势（2.35,p=0.07），红细胞亚油酸有升高趋势（1.09,p=0.05）。在大豆油干预期间，PBMC四alinoleyl心磷脂的百分比略有增加（2.31,p=0.05），但在棕榈油干预期间没有变化。两种干预之间的能量摄入没有差异（p=0.65），两种干预期间体重没有变化（p= 0.40）。结论：在不引起体重变化的情况下，每天食用30克食物油，持续4周，可以影响亚油酸生物标志物。这些食物对未来评估膳食油对能量代谢影响的随机对照双盲临床试验是有用的。NCT04975763 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04975763)。

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Soybean Oil-Fortified Foods to Alter Blood Content of Linoleic Acid and Body Weight: A Randomized Double-Masked Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"Rachel M Cole , Eric Colombo , Austin Angelotti , Genevieve C Sparagna , Rolando E Choriego , Rafael Jimenez-Flores , Andy Ni , Martha A Belury","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Linoleic acid biomarkers are associated with positive health outcomes including lower risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The effect of consuming linoleate-fortified foods (compared with palm oil-fortified foods) in a randomized controlled, double-masked crossover study to change linoleic acid biomarkers without changing bodyweight is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of delivering soybean and palm oils through foods on the linoleic acid content of blood fractions and body weight in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this crossover pilot study, 4 male and 6 female adults, ages 25–76 y and body mass index from 26 to 41 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, were randomly assigned to consume: 30 g of soybean and palm oil delivered in 3 study foods/d for 4 wk separated by a 2-wk washout period. Bodyweight, fatty acid profile of plasma, erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and dried blood spots, and PBMC cardiolipin were measured before and after each intervention period. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recalls. The outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 4 wk of consuming 3 foods/d, plasma linoleic acid decreased during the palm oil intervention (–1.60, <em>P</em> = 0.04), whereas it tended to increase in plasma (2.35, <em>P</em> = 0.07) and erythrocytes (1.09, <em>P</em> = 0.05) during the soybean oil intervention. The percentage of PBMC tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin marginally increased during the soybean oil intervention (2.31, <em>P</em> = 0.05) but did not change during the palm oil intervention. There was no difference in energy intake between the 2 interventions (<em>P</em> = 0.65) and no change in bodyweight during either intervention (<em>P</em> > 0.40).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Foods can be used to deliver 30 g/d of dietary oil for 4 wk to impact linoleic acid biomarkers without incurring body weight changes. These foods are useful for future randomized controlled double-masked clinical trials assessing the impact of dietary oils on energy metabolism.</div><div>The study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04975763 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04975763</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benefits of Increased Dietary Diversity Depend on Food Group and Diversity Dimension: A Microsimulation Modeling Study 增加饮食多样性的好处取决于食物组和多样性维度：一项微观模拟建模研究。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101316

Anaëlle Bolo , Sarah Chabert , Marion Salomé , Eric O Verger , Hélène Fouillet , François Mariotti

Background

Dietary diversity is essential for nutrient adequacy, but its effects may vary depending on which food groups are diversified and the dimension of diversity considered (i.e., the number of food subgroups consumed, their consumption evenness, or their nutritional dissimilarity).

Objectives

This study aimed to identify which food groups and diversity dimensions contribute to positive or negative effects of dietary diversity on the nutrient quality of diets, and to assess the magnitude of these effects and their underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Using data from the French National Food Consumption Survey, we developed an individual-level microsimulation model to maximize diversity within 12 food groups—one at a time—either in a single dimension or across the 3 dimensions simultaneously, while keeping the total quantity consumed constant. Nutrient quality was evaluated using probabilistic scores for nutrient adequacy, nutrient security (i.e., risk of deficiency), and moderation (i.e., avoidance of excessive intakes of sugar, sodium, and saturated fat). The effects of increasing diversity were analyzed using factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Five food groups categories emerged based on how increased within-group diversity impacted nutrient quality: “favorable,” “no effect, “mixed effects,” “highly contrasting effects,” and “unfavorable.” “Vegetables,” “Fish and Seafood,” and “Bread” food groups fell into the first category, where greater diversity enhanced nutrient adequacy (with effect sizes ranging from +0.04 to +0.16 SD) without compromising moderation. In these cases, increasing the number of subgroups consumed was the most effective strategy. In contrast, increasing diversity within “Meat, Poultry, Eggs” and “Dairy,” classified under the contrasting or unfavorable categories, tended to undermine moderation (from –0.05 to –0.20 SD). These negative effects were primarily driven by increasing consumption evenness and nutrient dissimilarity.

Conclusions

Promoting dietary diversity should not be generic. It should be targeted to the food group and diversification strategies that enhance nutrient adequacy without compromising moderation.

背景：饮食多样性对营养充足至关重要，但其影响可能因食物种类多样化和多样性考虑的维度（即，消费的食物亚群数量、消费均匀性或营养差异）而异。目的：本研究旨在确定哪些食物类别和多样性维度会对日粮营养质量产生积极或消极的影响，并评估这些影响的程度及其潜在机制。方法：利用法国国家食品消费调查（INCA3）的数据，我们开发了一个个人层面的微观模拟模型，在保持总消费量不变的情况下，最大限度地提高12种食物组（每次一种）的多样性，无论是在单一维度还是在三个维度同时进行。使用营养充足性、营养安全性（即缺乏风险）和适度性（即避免过量摄入糖、钠和饱和脂肪）的概率评分来评估营养质量。增加多样性的影响采用因子重复测量方差分析。结果：根据组内多样性增加对营养质量的影响，出现了五个食物组类别：“有利”、“没有影响”、“混合影响”、“高度对比影响”和“不利”。“蔬菜”、“鱼类和海鲜”和“面包”类食物属于第一类，它们的多样性提高了营养充足性（效应值从+0.04到+0.16标准差），而不影响适度。在这些情况下，增加消费的子组数量是最有效的策略。相比之下，“肉、禽、蛋”和“乳制品”的多样性增加，被归类为对比或不利的类别，往往会破坏适度（从-0.05到-0.20 SD）。这些负面影响主要是由于消费均匀性和营养差异的增加。结论：促进饮食多样性不应一概而论。它应该针对粮食群体和多样化战略，在不损害适度的情况下提高营养充足性。

{"title":"Benefits of Increased Dietary Diversity Depend on Food Group and Diversity Dimension: A Microsimulation Modeling Study","authors":"Anaëlle Bolo , Sarah Chabert , Marion Salomé , Eric O Verger , Hélène Fouillet , François Mariotti","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary diversity is essential for nutrient adequacy, but its effects may vary depending on which food groups are diversified and the dimension of diversity considered (i.e., the number of food subgroups consumed, their consumption evenness, or their nutritional dissimilarity).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify which food groups and diversity dimensions contribute to positive or negative effects of dietary diversity on the nutrient quality of diets, and to assess the magnitude of these effects and their underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the French National Food Consumption Survey, we developed an individual-level microsimulation model to maximize diversity within 12 food groups—one at a time—either in a single dimension or across the 3 dimensions simultaneously, while keeping the total quantity consumed constant. Nutrient quality was evaluated using probabilistic scores for nutrient adequacy, nutrient security (i.e., risk of deficiency), and moderation (i.e., avoidance of excessive intakes of sugar, sodium, and saturated fat). The effects of increasing diversity were analyzed using factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five food groups categories emerged based on how increased within-group diversity impacted nutrient quality: “favorable,” “no effect, “mixed effects,” “highly contrasting effects,” and “unfavorable.” “Vegetables,” “Fish and Seafood,” and “Bread” food groups fell into the first category, where greater diversity enhanced nutrient adequacy (with effect sizes ranging from +0.04 to +0.16 SD) without compromising moderation. In these cases, increasing the number of subgroups consumed was the most effective strategy. In contrast, increasing diversity within “Meat, Poultry, Eggs” and “Dairy,” classified under the contrasting or unfavorable categories, tended to undermine moderation (from –0.05 to –0.20 SD). These negative effects were primarily driven by increasing consumption evenness and nutrient dissimilarity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Promoting dietary diversity should not be generic. It should be targeted to the food group and diversification strategies that enhance nutrient adequacy without compromising moderation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Did Not Reduce Inflammation to Improve Iron Absorption in South African Women Living with Overweight or Obesity 在南非超重或肥胖妇女中，补充Omega-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸并不能减少炎症以改善铁的吸收。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101280

Mary A Uyoga , Jeannine Baumgartner , Linda Malan , Angélique Lewies , Lizelle Zandberg , Christophe Zeder , Cornelius M Smuts , Isabelle Herter-Aeberli

Background

Young South African women face a double-burden of overweight or obesity and iron deficiency, with the former predicting the latter. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation can reduce inflammation. It is uncertain if this effect extends to adiposity-related inflammation, thereby reducing hepcidin secretion and improving iron absorption.

Objectives

Using stable iron isotopes, we determined the effect of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation on fractional iron absorption (FIA) from a meal containing iron as ferrous sulfate without and with ascorbic acid (AA).

Methods

In this single-blind, uncontrolled, before–after intervention stable isotope study, 30 South African women aged 18–35 y with body mass index ≥28 kg/m²_, systemic inflammation, and a low omega-3 LCPUFA status, consumed a noninhibitory meal containing 6 mg iron, without and with AA, before and after 3 mo of daily supplementation with 2.1 g omega-3 LCPUFA. At baseline and endpoint, we measured FIA 14 d after consumption of the second meal, iron and inflammation markers, hepcidin, and omega-3 index.

Results

At baseline and endpoint, addition of AA significantly improved FIA from the meal. Median (IQR) FIA before compared with after supplementation was not different for the meal without AA [9.7 (4.3–24.6)% compared with 11.8 (2.8–22.3)%; P = 0.962] nor the meal with AA [27.5 (10.6–43.8)% compared with 30.8 (9.6–60.9)%; P = 0.249]. Supplementation increased the omega-3 index from 4.61 (4.10–5.11)% to 5.97 (5.48–8.16)% (P < 0.001), but did not reduce hepcidin or improve the inflammation and iron status markers. In multiple linear regression analyses, hepcidin was a stronger predictor of FIA than AA.

Conclusions

Addition of AA to the test meal, rather than omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation, improved iron absorption in South African women with overweight or obesity. Despite an increase in omega-3 index after omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation, it remained suboptimal, possibly explaining the lack of reduction in inflammation and hepcidin concentrations.

This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05220735 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220735?cond=obesity&term=iron%20absorption&rank=4).

背景：年轻的南非女性面临着超重或肥胖和缺铁的双重负担，前者预示着后者。补充Omega-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）可以减少炎症。目前尚不确定这种效应是否延伸到肥胖相关炎症，从而减少hepcidin分泌并改善铁的吸收。目的：利用稳定的铁同位素，我们测定了补充omega-3 LCPUFA对含铁膳食中铁的分数吸收（FIA）的影响，如不含和含抗坏血酸（AA）的硫酸亚铁。方法：在这项单盲、无控制、干预前后稳定同位素研究中，30名年龄在18-35岁、体重指数≥28 kg/m2、全身性炎症、omega-3 LCPUFA水平低的南非女性，在每天补充2.1 g omega-3 LCPUFA三个月之前和之后，食用含6 mg铁的非抑制性膳食，不含AA和含AA。在基线和终点，我们测量了进食第二餐后14天的FIA、铁和炎症标志物、hepcidin和omega-3指数。结果：在基线和终点，添加AA显著改善了饲料中的FIA。不添加AA的饲料(9.7 （4.3-24.6)% vs. 11.8 (2.8-22.3)%, p=0.962）和添加AA的饲料(27.5 (10.6-43.8)% vs. 30.8(9.6-60.9)%)，添加前后的中位FIA （IQR）无差异；p = 0.249)。补充omega-3指数从4.61(4.10-5.11)%增加到5.97(5.48-8.16)%。结论：在试验餐中添加AA，而不是补充omega-3 LCPUFA，可以改善南非超重或肥胖妇女的铁吸收。尽管补充omega-3 LCPUFA后omega-3指数有所增加，但仍处于次优状态，这可能解释了炎症和hepcidin水平缺乏降低的原因。临床试验注册号：NCT05220735 （https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220735?cond=obesity&term=iron%20absorption&rank=4）。

{"title":"Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Did Not Reduce Inflammation to Improve Iron Absorption in South African Women Living with Overweight or Obesity","authors":"Mary A Uyoga , Jeannine Baumgartner , Linda Malan , Angélique Lewies , Lizelle Zandberg , Christophe Zeder , Cornelius M Smuts , Isabelle Herter-Aeberli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young South African women face a double-burden of overweight or obesity and iron deficiency, with the former predicting the latter. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation can reduce inflammation. It is uncertain if this effect extends to adiposity-related inflammation, thereby reducing hepcidin secretion and improving iron absorption.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Using stable iron isotopes, we determined the effect of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation on fractional iron absorption (FIA) from a meal containing iron as ferrous sulfate without and with ascorbic acid (AA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-blind, uncontrolled, before–after intervention stable isotope study, 30 South African women aged 18–35 y with body mass index ≥28 kg/m<sup>2</sup><sub>,</sub> systemic inflammation, and a low omega-3 LCPUFA status, consumed a noninhibitory meal containing 6 mg iron, without and with AA, before and after 3 mo of daily supplementation with 2.1 g omega-3 LCPUFA. At baseline and endpoint, we measured FIA 14 d after consumption of the second meal, iron and inflammation markers, hepcidin, and omega-3 index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline and endpoint, addition of AA significantly improved FIA from the meal. Median (IQR) FIA before compared with after supplementation was not different for the meal without AA [9.7 (4.3–24.6)% compared with 11.8 (2.8–22.3)%; <em>P</em> = 0.962] nor the meal with AA [27.5 (10.6–43.8)% compared with 30.8 (9.6–60.9)%; <em>P</em> = 0.249]. Supplementation increased the omega-3 index from 4.61 (4.10–5.11)% to 5.97 (5.48–8.16)% (<em>P</em> < 0.001), but did not reduce hepcidin or improve the inflammation and iron status markers. In multiple linear regression analyses, hepcidin was a stronger predictor of FIA than AA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addition of AA to the test meal, rather than omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation, improved iron absorption in South African women with overweight or obesity. Despite an increase in omega-3 index after omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation, it remained suboptimal, possibly explaining the lack of reduction in inflammation and hepcidin concentrations.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05220735 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220735?cond=obesity&term=iron%20absorption&rank=4</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing Protein Quality Knowledge and Access with a Centralized and Interactive Database 通过集中和交互式数据库推进蛋白质质量知识和访问。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101272

Shavawn M Forester , Emily M Reyes , Donald K Layman

Protein quality is an important concept in nutrition, but specific food information remains fragmented across multiple databases and not readily available to anyone except protein experts. This article presents the development of a novel Protein Quality Hub providing a consolidated, global protein quality database and illustrates its use for applied dietary and research applications. The Protein Quality Hub offers the first structured, searchable, and transparent platform for protein quality scoring and evaluations with corresponding metadata across various food types and analytical methodologies. The database currently includes 7775 protein correction factors comprising 1186 human patterns; 6589 animal profiles; and all 33 published Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation values. The article demonstrates 4 applications of the Hub ranging from simple queries for Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score values to complex research applications to assess the essential amino acid content of meals with multiple protein sources and a unique comparison of digestibility compared with metabolic availability data. The Protein Quality Hub is an important advancement in making protein quality information accessible for research and health applications.

蛋白质质量是营养学中的一个重要概念，但具体的食物信息仍然分散在多个数据库中，除了蛋白质专家之外，任何人都无法轻易获得。本文介绍了一种新型蛋白质质量中心的开发，提供了一个统一的全球蛋白质质量数据库，并说明了其在膳食和研究应用中的用途。蛋白质质量中心为蛋白质质量评分和评估提供了第一个结构化、可搜索和透明的平台，并提供了各种食品类型和分析方法的相应元数据。该数据库目前包括7,775个蛋白质校正因子，包括1,186个人类模式；6589个动物剖面图；33个已公布的氨基酸氧化指标（IAAO）值。本文展示了该中心的四种应用，从简单查询蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分（PDCAAS）和可消化必需氨基酸评分（DIAAS）值，到复杂的研究应用，以评估多种蛋白质来源的膳食中必需氨基酸的含量，以及消化率与代谢有效性数据的独特比较。蛋白质质量中心是一个重要的进步，使蛋白质质量信息可访问的研究和卫生应用。

{"title":"Advancing Protein Quality Knowledge and Access with a Centralized and Interactive Database","authors":"Shavawn M Forester , Emily M Reyes , Donald K Layman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein quality is an important concept in nutrition, but specific food information remains fragmented across multiple databases and not readily available to anyone except protein experts. This article presents the development of a novel Protein Quality Hub providing a consolidated, global protein quality database and illustrates its use for applied dietary and research applications. The Protein Quality Hub offers the first structured, searchable, and transparent platform for protein quality scoring and evaluations with corresponding metadata across various food types and analytical methodologies. The database currently includes 7775 protein correction factors comprising 1186 human patterns; 6589 animal profiles; and all 33 published Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation values. The article demonstrates 4 applications of the Hub ranging from simple queries for Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score values to complex research applications to assess the essential amino acid content of meals with multiple protein sources and a unique comparison of digestibility compared with metabolic availability data. The Protein Quality Hub is an important advancement in making protein quality information accessible for research and health applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pesco-Vegetarian Food Components Promote Colonocyte Ferroptosis in Preclinical Mouse Models and a Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Human Adults 在临床前小鼠模型和健康成人的随机交叉试验中，鱼素食品成分促进结肠细胞铁下垂。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101287

Yang-Yi Fan , Michael L Salinas , Destiny A Mullens , Laurie A Davidson , Jennifer S Goldsby , Ivan V Ivanov , Arul Jayaraman , James J Cai , Lisa Levy , Meredith A Hullar , Sandi L Navarro , Johanna W Lampe , Robert S Chapkin

Background

Diet plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Pesco-vegetarians, who consume both high fiber and fish containing n–3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), have the lowest CRC risk. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides that has emerged as a target for anticancer therapies.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the broad utility of diet modulation as a promising avenue to modulate ferroptosis in the colon.

Methods

1) Immortalized young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells (YAMC) were treated with control linoleic acid or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ± butyrate (But), followed by cell viability and lipid peroxidation measurements, 2) mice were fed diets containing fish oil and highly fermentable pectin (FP) compared with control corn oil and poorly fermentable cellulose (CC). Colons were isolated and used for bulk and single-cell ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA)-seq analysis, 3) a crossover pilot study was conducted by supplementing 30 healthy adults with soluble corn fiber (33 g/d) + fish oil (7.7 g/d n–3 PUFA) (SCF+FO) or maltodextrin + corn oil (MD+CO) for 30 d followed by a 60 d wash period and then 30 d of MD+CO or SCF+FO. Exfoliated colonocyte mRNA was isolated from stool and RNA-seq was performed for transcriptomic analysis.

Results

In vitro treatment of DHA and But reduced YAMC cell viability (P < 0.05), increased lipid peroxidation, a key biomarker of ferroptosis, compared with the counterpart group. In vivo FP-fed mice promoted lipid peroxidation in colonocytes relative to the control CC-fed mice (P < 0.05), and the induction of ferroptosis transcriptional networks exclusively in colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, human subjects supplemented with SCF+FO exhibited an upregulation in intestinal ferroptosis-related gene expression, as compared with similar doses of MD+CO.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that dietary fish oil and fermentable fiber combination induces ferroptosis exclusively in colonocytes.

The human pilot study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04211766.

背景：饮食在预防结直肠癌（CRC）中起着关键作用。食用高纤维和含有n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的鱼类的鱼素者患结直肠癌的风险最低。铁下垂是一种受调节的细胞死亡形式，其特征是脂质氢过氧化物的积累，已成为抗癌治疗的靶标。目的：评估饮食调节作为一种有希望的调节结肠铁下垂的途径的广泛效用。方法：(i)用对照亚油酸（LA）或二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）±丁酸处理永生化的年轻成年小鼠结肠上皮细胞（YAMC），测定细胞活力和脂质过氧化水平。（ii）小鼠分别饲喂含有鱼油和高可发酵性果胶（FP）和对照玉米油和低可发酵性纤维素（CC）的饲料。分离冒号，用于批量和单细胞RNA-Seq分析。（iii）进行了一项交叉先导研究，在30名健康成人中补充可溶性玉米纤维(33 g/d) +鱼油（7.7 g/d n-3 PUFA）（SCF+FO）或麦芽糖糊精+玉米油（MD+CO） 30天，然后进行60天的洗涤期，然后再补充MD+CO或SCF+FO 30天。从粪便中分离脱落的结肠细胞mRNA，并进行RNA-seq转录组分析。结果：与对照组相比，DHA和丁酸盐体外处理可降低YAMC细胞活力（P < 0.05），增加铁下垂的关键生物标志物脂质过氧化。在体内，饲喂fp的小鼠与饲喂cc的小鼠相比，可促进结肠细胞脂质过氧化（P < 0.05），并在结肠上皮细胞中诱导铁凋亡转录网络。此外，与类似剂量的MD+CO相比，补充SCF+FO的人类受试者表现出肠道铁下垂相关基因表达的上调。结论：我们的研究结果表明，膳食鱼油和可发酵纤维组合仅在结肠细胞中诱导铁下垂。注册：人体先导研究已在clinicaltrials.gov注册（NCT04211766）。

{"title":"Pesco-Vegetarian Food Components Promote Colonocyte Ferroptosis in Preclinical Mouse Models and a Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Human Adults","authors":"Yang-Yi Fan , Michael L Salinas , Destiny A Mullens , Laurie A Davidson , Jennifer S Goldsby , Ivan V Ivanov , Arul Jayaraman , James J Cai , Lisa Levy , Meredith A Hullar , Sandi L Navarro , Johanna W Lampe , Robert S Chapkin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Pesco-vegetarians, who consume both high fiber and fish containing n–3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), have the lowest CRC risk. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides that has emerged as a target for anticancer therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the broad utility of diet modulation as a promising avenue to modulate ferroptosis in the colon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>1</em>) Immortalized young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells (YAMC) were treated with control linoleic acid or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ± butyrate (But), followed by cell viability and lipid peroxidation measurements, <em>2</em>) mice were fed diets containing fish oil and highly fermentable pectin (FP) compared with control corn oil and poorly fermentable cellulose (CC). Colons were isolated and used for bulk and single-cell ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA)-seq analysis, <em>3</em>) a crossover pilot study was conducted by supplementing 30 healthy adults with soluble corn fiber (33 g/d) + fish oil (7.7 g/d n–3 PUFA) (SCF+FO) or maltodextrin + corn oil (MD+CO) for 30 d followed by a 60 d wash period and then 30 d of MD+CO or SCF+FO. Exfoliated colonocyte mRNA was isolated from stool and RNA-seq was performed for transcriptomic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In vitro treatment of DHA and But reduced YAMC cell viability (<em>P</em> < 0.05), increased lipid peroxidation, a key biomarker of ferroptosis, compared with the counterpart group. In vivo FP-fed mice promoted lipid peroxidation in colonocytes relative to the control CC-fed mice (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and the induction of ferroptosis transcriptional networks exclusively in colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, human subjects supplemented with SCF+FO exhibited an upregulation in intestinal ferroptosis-related gene expression, as compared with similar doses of MD+CO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that dietary fish oil and fermentable fiber combination induces ferroptosis exclusively in colonocytes.</div><div>The human pilot study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04211766.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polydatin Attenuates Ferroptosis in Pancreatic β- Cells via Activation of the GPx4–Nrf2 Axis under Hyperglycemic Conditions 在高血糖条件下，多聚糖通过激活GPx4-Nrf2轴来减轻胰腺β细胞的铁下垂。

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101284

Murali Krishna Prasad, Ravichandran Jayasuriya, Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar

Pancreatic beta cells play a pivotal role in the advancement of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ferroptosis, a distinct type of regulated cell death, is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides in cell membranes, causing disruptions in cellular iron homeostasis and an impaired antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a key antioxidant enzyme that protects cells against ferroptosis by mitigating oxidative damage and reducing lipid peroxides, thereby maintaining cellular redox balance. In this study, we aim to identify a natural compound as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor using in silico and in vitro approaches. We screened a bioactive compound library using in silico tools and identified polydatin (PD) as a potential GPx4 activator with a strong binding affinity of –7.8 kcal/mol. Its activity was validated using an in-house developed luciferase-based reporter assay system. We further investigated the effects of PD in an in vitro model using mouse pancreatic beta cells exposed to high-glucose conditions. Polydatin exhibited more than 90% cell viability and a dose-dependent protection against ferroptosis and enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by the upregulation of key ferroptosis-associated markers, including GPx4, solute carrier family 7, ferritin, and transferrin, which were statistically significant. Notably, PD also activated the master antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream genes, supporting its role in mitigating oxidative stress-induced beta cell dysfunction. Collectively, our findings highlight PD as a promising ferroptosis inhibitor and support its potential as a therapeutic agent for preserving pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes.

胰腺β细胞在1型和2型糖尿病的进展中起关键作用。铁死亡是一种不同类型的受调节细胞死亡，其特征是细胞膜中铁依赖性脂质过氧化物的积累，导致细胞铁稳态破坏和抗氧化系统受损。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 （Glutathione Peroxidase 4, GPx4）是一种关键的抗氧化酶，通过减轻氧化损伤和减少脂质过氧化物来保护细胞免受铁凋亡，从而维持细胞氧化还原平衡。在这项研究中，我们的目的是鉴定一种天然化合物作为一种有效的铁下垂抑制剂，使用硅和体外方法。我们使用硅工具筛选了一个生物活性化合物库，并确定了聚datatin是一个潜在的GPx4激活剂，具有-7.8kcal/mol的强结合亲和力。其活性使用内部开发的基于荧光素酶的报告分析系统进行验证。我们在体外模型中进一步研究了多葡聚糖的作用，该模型使用暴露于高葡萄糖条件下的小鼠胰腺细胞。Polydatin具有超过90%的细胞存活率和剂量依赖性的抗铁死亡保护作用，并增强细胞抗氧化能力，这可以通过上调关键的铁死亡相关标记来证明，包括GPx4、SLC7A11、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白，这在统计学上是显著的。值得注意的是，多枣苷还激活了主抗氧化转录因子Nrf2及其下游基因，支持其在减轻氧化应激相关诱导的β细胞功能障碍中的作用。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了多聚丹素作为一种有前途的铁下垂抑制剂，并支持其作为一种治疗药物的潜力，以保持糖尿病患者胰腺β细胞的功能。

{"title":"Polydatin Attenuates Ferroptosis in Pancreatic β- Cells via Activation of the GPx4–Nrf2 Axis under Hyperglycemic Conditions","authors":"Murali Krishna Prasad, Ravichandran Jayasuriya, Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic beta cells play a pivotal role in the advancement of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ferroptosis, a distinct type of regulated cell death, is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides in cell membranes, causing disruptions in cellular iron homeostasis and an impaired antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a key antioxidant enzyme that protects cells against ferroptosis by mitigating oxidative damage and reducing lipid peroxides, thereby maintaining cellular redox balance. In this study, we aim to identify a natural compound as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor using <em>in silico</em> and <em>in vitro</em> approaches. We screened a bioactive compound library using <em>in silico</em> tools and identified polydatin (PD) as a potential GPx4 activator with a strong binding affinity of –7.8 kcal/mol. Its activity was validated using an in-house developed luciferase-based reporter assay system. We further investigated the effects of PD in an <em>in vitro</em> model using mouse pancreatic beta cells exposed to high-glucose conditions. Polydatin exhibited more than 90% cell viability and a dose-dependent protection against ferroptosis and enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by the upregulation of key ferroptosis-associated markers, including GPx4, solute carrier family 7, ferritin, and transferrin, which were statistically significant. Notably, PD also activated the master antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream genes, supporting its role in mitigating oxidative stress-induced beta cell dysfunction. Collectively, our findings highlight PD as a promising ferroptosis inhibitor and support its potential as a therapeutic agent for preserving pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 2","pages":"Article 101284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0