Journal of oleo science最新文献

The extraction and separation of polar, triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) subclasses-phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)- were carried out in the gonads to determine fatty acid (FA) compositions using gas chromatography. The major FAs identified in the ovary and testis were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n9), arachidonic acid (20:4n6, AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3, EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA). In the PL fraction, the proportions of saturated fatty acids (∑SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFAs), and palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) were higher in the ovary than in the testis, whereas EPA, polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFAs), and the n3/n6 ratio were higher in the testis than in the ovary. In the TAG fraction, ovaries contained higher levels of 16:0 and ∑SFA, whereas the testes contained higher levels of ∑PUFA. This result indicates that ovaries were more dominant in saturated fatty acids and testes are more dominant in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Currently, the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) typically involves the use of 5-nitroimidazoles (such as metronidazole and tinidazole). However, an increasing failure in treatment is observed due to resistance developed to these drugs. For this reason, alternative drugs have been investigated, especially by using natural products. In our study, the anti-T. vaginalis activity of the Origanum majorana essential oil (OMEO), which is a Cyprus endemic plant, and its synergistic effect with metronidazole were investigated. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation of the dried flowering tops of the plant. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed using the Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system. L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was used to determine cytotoxic activity. Two clinical strains and one metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis standard strain were used. LC₅₀, and MLC (minimum lethal concentration) values of OMEO and metronidazole were determined by the broth microdilution method in vitro in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The combination of OMEO with metronidazole was investigated against all strains by the checkerboard method. The major compounds in the OMEO content were determined as cis-sabinene hydrate (29.1%) and terpinen-4-ol (19.6%). In cytotoxic analyses, it was observed that the cell viability remained stable at low doses. OMEO is effective against all three T. vaginalis strains. There is a significant difference between the IC₅₀ averages at the 24^th and 48^th hours (333.03 µg/mL and 226.43 µg/mL, respectively) in aerobic conditions (p=0.003). In addition, there is a statistically significant relationship between the results of the 24^th and 48^th hours (348.77 µg/mL and 238.80 µg/mL, respectively) in the anaerobic conditions (p=<0.0001). In general, OMEO has been shown to have a synergistic effect with metronidazole. In conclusion, we believe that OMEO is a potential natural agent that can be particularly used in the treatment of protozoan infections, including T. vaginalis.

Hempseed oil, a high-quality edible oil, has garnered increasing attention. In this study, fatty acid, phenols, tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene, and antioxidant activity of hempseed oils were detected by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the effects of the region and processing method on the nutrition and quality of hempseed oil, identified the optimal cultivation region and key marker for distinguishing between different processing methods. The results demonstrated that hempseed oils were rich in tocopherols (84.35±15.65 mg/100 g) and possessed a desirable fatty acid composition (ω-6: ω-3 =1: 3.59) that meets human nutritional needs. Furthermore, hempseed oil exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with γ-tocopherols and phenols identified as the primary antioxidants. More importantly, the nutritional components of hempseed oil were influenced by region and processing method. Specifically, hempseed oil from Bama exhibited significantly higher contents of squalene (13.88 mg/100 g) and total phytosterols (342.23 mg/100 g) than the ones from other regions (squalene: 11.04 mg/100 g; phytosterols: 247.53 mg/100 g). Meanwhile, squalene content increased significantly by 16.47% in shelled hempseed oil compared to unshelled oil. Moreover, OPLS-DA analysis identified total phenol content as a marker distinguishing shelled from unshelled hempseed oils (shelled: 11.80 mg/100 g, unshelled: 3.51 mg/100 g).

In terms of resonant lengths, the behavior of chemisorbed soft materials on a MHz-oscillating solid-liquid interface was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). As chemisorbed materials, we used self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from three types of mercapto oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ethers, each with a single molecular weight: HS(CH₂CH₂O)₅CH₃, HS(CH₂CH₂O)₂₇CH₃, and HS(CH₂CH₂O)₄₃CH₃. Systematic variation in the concentrations of sucrose solutions resulted in corresponding changes in their viscosity and density. In addition, it is well known that the Kanazawa equation can qualitatively explain the relationship between the resonant frequency shift (ΔF) of the QCM and the solution's viscosity and density. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the ΔF of the QCM, both without and with a SAM, and the concentrations of sucrose solutions. The attempt showed that, for the ratios of SAM thicknesses to resonant lengths below 50 %, the experimental results of ΔF quantitatively corresponded to the Kanazawa equation. The experimental results suggest that the equation describing the resonant length could appropriately evaluate the experimental data. Based on those results, the applicability of the QCMs with the SAMs of HS(CH₂CH₂O)₅CH₃ and HS(CH₂CH₂O)₂₇CH₃ to a bubble-free nonlinear chemical oscillator led to quantitative analysis.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) act as an "eat-me" signal for phagocytes to engulf apoptotic cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the biodistribution of PS- or PE-containing liposomes. Three phospholipid liposomes (DOPC/DOPS, DOPC/DOPE, and DOPC/soybean PS) were intravenously injected and analyzed. DOPC/DOPS showed higher average radiant efficiency (intensity/area) in the lung, liver, kidney, and heart than DOPC/DOPE. The total and average radiant efficiency of DOPC/DOPS was higher than that of DOPC/soybean PS in the lung, liver, and kidney. These results suggest that the biodistribution of anionic phospholipid liposomes depends on their phospholipid composition.

In this study, a high-purity sophoroselipid-copper (SL-Cu) complex was synthesized using an improved method employing copper (II) acetate. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the purified SL-Cu complex revealed a distinctive absorption peak near 1,600 cm⁻¹. The bactericidal activity of the SL-Cu complex, at a copper (II) ion concentration of 1,000 µM and after incubation at 20°C for 30 min, exhibited a reduction greater than 4 log units against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, its bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis was comparatively lower, with a reduction of 0.90 log units. Furthermore, the SL-Cu complex demonstrated a statistically higher antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus than CuSO₄ at the same copper (II) ion concentration. The bactericidal effect of the SL-Cu complex against E. coli was enhanced with increasing treatment temperatures between 15 and 40°C, consistently surpassing that of CuSO₄ across all tested temperatures. The inhibitory effects of bovine serum albumin, sodium chloride, EDTA-2Na, and 2,2 bipyridyl on the SL-Cu complex were restricted compared to those on CuSO₄, and in some experiments, these chemicals even enhanced its activity. These characteristics render the SL-Cu complex a promising antibacterial reagent. Flow cytometry analyses using fluorescent dyes suggested that the SL-Cu complex disrupted bacterial cell membranes and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Eleutherine bulbosa is a medicinal plant known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to its notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of E. bulbosa tubers was performed using 96% ethanol (EtOH_96), water (W), and a 1:1 ethanol-water mixture (EtOH_96:W). The extracts were assessed for biological activities through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and anti-inflammatory tests. Among the solvents, EtOH_96 yielded the highest antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 202.2 ± 17.6 µg/mL (DPPH) and 250.8 ± 7.8 µg/mL (ABTS). These effects corresponded to elevated levels of polyphenols (94.9 ± 4.0 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)) and flavonoids (119.3 ± 17.1 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW)). Additionally, the EtOH_96 extract displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 6.25 mg/mL and suppressed heat-induced protein denaturation with an IC₅₀ value of 86.0 µg/mL, highlighting E. bulbosa tubers as a credible source of phytotherapeutics for both animal and human use.

Pickering emulsification, which utilizes solid particles instead of surfactants to stabilize emulsions, offers advantages such as improved safety and environmental sustainability. This study explores the potential of quince fruit powder, a plant-derived material rich in fibers such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, as a stabilizing agent for Pickering emulsification. Quince powder, a byproduct of fruit processing, was optimized for particle size using sieving to enhance its emulsification performance.The emulsification efficiency of powders classified by particle size was evaluated through turbidity measurements, oil droplet size analysis, and Cryo-SEM observations. The results revealed that smaller particles (< 10 μm) exhibited superior emulsification performance, forming fine droplets with smooth surfaces. Medium-sized particles showed performance comparable to untreated powders, while larger particles resulted in lower turbidity and larger droplet sizes.This simple and eco-friendly particle classification method, sieving, demonstrates potential for improving the performance of Pickering emulsification.

In this study, the effects of different cooking processes on the phytochemical profile and mineral content of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were determined. Different cooking processes had a significant effect on the moisture, pH, water-soluble solids, L*, a*, b*, C* and °h values. The phenolic profile was generally better preserved in the steamed garlic samples than in the control samples. The mineral content of garlic prepared different cooking processes, with the exception of copper and magnesium, was found to be relatively high. As a result, the phenolic acid and mineral contents of garlic samples prepared with different cooking processes were better preserved and were closest to those of the control samples. In addition, to preserve the valuable compounds in garlic, adding them to dishes after the cooking process is completed is recommended.

The importance of hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) as a nutrient-rich resource in agricultural studies is often underestimated by cannabis farmers, who tend instead to treat them as byproducts. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional composition of Beldiya, a distinct ecotype of hemp seed from the northern regions of Morocco. The proximal composition, mineral content, total phenolic content, tocopherol content, fatty acid profile and lipid health indices of the seeds were assessed. The results revealed that the 'Beldiya' ecotype (Be-ecot) contained 94.08% dry matter, 32.81% oil, 24.84% protein, 27.54% fiber and 4.29% ash. It is rich in total phenolic content (201.88 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (69.77 mg QE/100 g). The predominant tocopherol in its oil is γ-tocopherol (409.72 mg/kg), with δ-tocopherol (21.91 mg/kg) and α-tocopherol (18.89 mg/kg), contributing to a total tocopherol content of 450.82 mg/kg. The main fatty acids in the oil are linoleic acid (51.02%), oleic acid (18.05%), linolenic acid (16.46%) and palmitic acid (7.68%). The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is 3:1, which corresponds to the recommended dietary balance for these essential fatty acids. These results highlight the nutritional benefits and balanced composition of hemp seeds, highlighting their potential as valuable edible food sources for promoting a healthy lifestyle.