Journal of oleo science最新文献

One of the wild herbs that grows naturally in the springtime in Kurdistan's mountainous regions is Eremurus robustus. The study aimed to detect the proximate analysis, polyphenols, fatty acid profile, and mineral composition in the leaves of Eremurus robustus. Proximate composition revealed it is a source of vitamin C, fiber, and protein. Nine phenolic compounds and 24 fatty acids were detected, along with 14 saturated and 10 unsaturated fatty acids using high-performance liquid chromatography (HP-LC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometers (GC-MS). Seventeen mineral compositions were found using an inductively coupled spectrophotometric technique. Vegetable trace metal concentrations can be assessed by comparing the daily diets of plants and humans. The research suggests that Eremurus robustus leaves can serve as nutritional supplements and functional foods, not just for therapeutic uses.

Aquilaria agallocha is an economically valuable plant facing endangerment, sought after globally for its production of agarwood. A. agallocha tree possesses medicinal and aromatic properties in its fruits, branches, leaves, wood, and roots, which are being studied for their effective compounds and their potential bioactive effects on human health. This study aimed to uncover the phytochemical properties and biological activities of A. agallocha roots, which possess medicinal and aromatic characteristics. The phenolic, organic acid, and sugar profiles of A. agallocha roots were determined using HPLC-DAD, while mineral distributions were analyzed via ICP-AES. In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of A. agalocha roots against S. aureus, S. carnosus, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, L. innocua, K. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis were estimated with disc diffusion and MIC methods. The amount of total phenolic and in vitro DPPH radical scavenging capacity of A. agalocha roots were determined as 7.529 mg GAE/g and 18.83 µmol TE/g, respectively. Eight phenolic components were detected in the extracts of A. agalocha roots. The most dominant among these phenolic compounds detected was tannic acid, which was followed by 4-hydrobenzoic acid and oleuropein, respectively. In the aqueous extracts of A. agalocha roots, four organic acids were identified, including citric, tartaric, malic and succinic acid, and succinic acid was the most dominant organic acid. Only fructose sugar was detected in the water extracts of A. agalocha roots. The extracts of A. agalocha roots had a strong antibacterial effect against all gram-positive pathogens except for S. carnosus, but did not have any effect against gram-negative bacteria.

Water chestnut (Trapa japonica) is a thorny aquatic floating plant that contains hydrolyzable polyphenols (WCPs) such as eugeniin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (TGG), and trapain. Previous studies have revealed that WCPs have antioxidant properties and can suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation in mice and human participants. However, the functionality of WCPs in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome, which have become significant issues in recent years, remains unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of WCPs on lipid metabolism. We initially investigated the effects of WCPs on pancreatic lipase in vitro. Among WCPs, eugeniin and trapain, which contain a hexahydroxybiphenyl group, particularly inhibited lipase activity. We also found that WCPs suppressed fat accumulation in mouse adipose progenitor 3T3-L1 cells. We compared the effects of WCPs on lipid metabolism among groups of mice (n=7 each) fed for four weeks without (standard control and high-fat (HF) diet controls) or with HFWP 0.5 or HFWP 1 supplemented with 0.5 and 1% WCPs, respectively. Subsequently, we examined lipid-related parameters in adipose tissue, liver, and blood. We found significantly lower plasma triacylglycerol content in the HFWP1 than in the HF group. These findings suggest that WCPs may help prevent the onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Coelomic fluid of earthworms is a valuable source of novel bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications. To gain insight into the bioactive compounds in the coelomic fluid, this study used Perionyx excavatus, a tropical earthworm distinguished for its remarkable ability for regeneration. This study aimed to identify fluorescent bioactive compounds in the coelomic fluid of P. excavatus and to investigate these compounds structural and functional characteristics for potential use in biomedical applications. Fluorescent bioactive compounds present in the coelomic fluid are identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and Spectrofluorometry techniques. Two unknown groups of fluorophore, named CFA and CFB, were analyzed by studying their emission spectra. In addition, GC-MS and LC-MS analyses provides detailed list of bioactive compound present in the coelomic fluid, in which indole and arachidonic acid shown maximum excitation and thus chosen for further studies. Their functional characterization reveals antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and in-vitro wound healing assays, respectively. Notably, both of them exhibit significant efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. However, indole shows poor activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas arachidonic acid demonstrates effective activity. These findings imply that these bioactive fluorescent compounds may have significant therapeutic applications.

The present study aimed to explore the potential of macroalgal hydrolysate to serve as an economical substrate for the growth of the oleaginous microbes Aspergillus sp. SY-70, Rhizopus arrhizus SY-71 and Aurantiochytrium sp. YB-05 for lipid and DHA production under laboratory conditions. The macroalgal hydrolysate was used at three concentrations 20, 40 and 80 g/L as a sole carbon source or in combination with 10 g/L of either acetic acid, glycerol, glucose, or sugarcane molasses. Glucose was used as a positive control at four different concentrations: 10, 20, 40, and 80 g/L. Out of the 19 carbon sources tested for the three microbes, 80 g/L macroalgae + 10 g/L molasses was the best source for Aspergillus sp. SY-70 (27.4 g/L DW and 9.73 g/L lipid) and R. arrhizus SY-71 (49.76 g/L DW and 16.88 g/L lipid), whereas 20 g/L macroalgae + 10 g/L glucose afforded the best source for Aurantiochytrium sp. YB-05 (27.93 g/L DW and 11.07 g/L lipid). Among the 19 carbon sources used for the growth of Aurantiochytrium sp. YB-05, we determined the fatty acid profile of the best four carbon sources that gave the highest biomass and lipid percentage. Among the four sources, 20 g/L macroalgal hydrolysate + glucose gave the highest DHA percentage (2.31 g/L), followed by 80 g/L pure glucose (1.68), 80 g/L macroalgal hydrolysate + glycerol (1.64), and 40 g/L macroalgal hydrolysate + molasses (1.52). The three carbon sources can replace pure glucose for the lipid, DPA, and DHA production using Aurantiochytrium sp. YB-05. The results of the current study suggest that we could use macroalgal hydrolysate in combination with molasses or glucose for the production of single-cell oil.

Conjugated fatty acids are a promising ingredient for cancer prevention and treatment. Conjugated fatty acids are minor fatty acids that are rarely found in nature, although a wide variety of structures are known. In recent years, studies have been conducted to screen natural products containing conjugated fatty acids and to synthesize conjugated fatty acids using enzymes derived from natural products. As a result, it was found that the seed oils of Centranthus ruber and Valeriana officinalis, which belong to the Valerianaceae family, contain conjugated linolenic acid, which has a conjugated triene structure in the molecule. Furthermore, it was found that parinaric acid, a conjugated tetraenoic fatty acid, can be synthesized by adding α-linolenic acid to enzymes extracted from the brown alga Padina arborescens Holmes. These research results are expected to be useful in securing conjugated fatty acids in quantities that can withstand practical application. Recent studies have reported that the cytotoxic effect of conjugated fatty acids is due to a programmed cell death called "ferroptosis". Many anticancer drugs exhibit anticancer activity through DNA modification, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis inhibition, and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Conjugated fatty acids, however, induce cell death through a mechanism distinct from these mechanisms and are therefore expected to be effective against cancers resistant to currently used anticancer drugs. The results of these studies will help to promote research on the use of conjugated fatty acids to overcome intractable cancers in the future.

In this study, the fluctuations in the oil content, total phenol, total flavonoid, radical scavenging capacity, phenolic constituent profiles and fatty acids of turpentine fruits during roasting of turpentine fruits and oils in the oven and microwave treatments were revealed. Total phenolic amounts of turpentine fruit and oils varied between 153.57 (oven) and 197.86 mgGAE/100 g (control) to 17.68 (control) and 30.65 mg GAE/100 g (oven), respectively. Total flavonoid values of the turpentine fruit and oils were characterized to be between 370.36 (microwave) and 567.50 mg/100 g (control) to 89.64 (oven) and 227.50 mg/100 g (microwave), respectively. While quercetin values of the turpentine fruits change between 171.73 (oven) and 330.88 mg/100 g (control), rutin amounts of fruits were defined to be between 3.66 (oven) and 10.00 mg/100 g (control). Catechin amounts of the turpentine fruits roasted in oven and microwave were specified to be between 3.42 (microwave) and 13.69 mg/100 g (oven). Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the oils extracted from raw and roasted turpentine fruits were assessed to be between 50.19 (oven) and 51.30% (control) to 22.89 (control) and 23.39% (oven), respectively. As a result, the phenolic components of turpentine oils were generally higher than those of turpentine fruits.

A simple synthetic method for pinocembrin from cinnamic acid and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene was provided. This method can be performed in one-pot two steps reaction using inexpensive chemical reagents, whereas conventional methods need multiple steps from somewhat expensive starting reagents. The experimental procedure is facilitated, that is, to a DMF solution of cinnamoyl chloride generated in situ, a solution of 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene and AlCl ₃ in DCE/PhNO ₂ was added, and the resultant mixture was heated to afford pinocembrin. This method does not require protection of phenolic hydroxy groups.

Gel coating films comprising nanodiamonds organo-modified with 12-hydroxystearic (12-OHC₁₈ ) and stearic acids were prepared and characterized. Because molecules with 12-OHC₁₈ groups can convert solvents into thixotropic gels, Gemini-type diamide derivatives with two 12-OHC₁₈ chains were also introduced as thixotropic additives into the gel coating films. Although the 12-OHC₁₈ -modified nanodiamonds did not lead to solvent gelation on their own, they displayed an affinity for the thixotropic additive molecules. The 12-OHC₁₈ -modified nanodiamonds were localized near the surface of the nanofibers formed by the Gemini-type diamide derivative in the solvent, and the thixotropic properties of the supramolecular gel were confirmed. Nanoparticle aggregation and nanofiber crystallinity were found to be suppressed by the effect of 12-OHC₁₈ modification in the gel coating films, making them suitable for cosmetic coating applications.