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Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes. 利用自我报告的身体轮廓评估血脂异常、高血糖、高尿酸血症和高血压的风险。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4991684
Ruben Blachman-Braun, Juan O Talavera, Marcela Pérez-Rodríguez, Ivonne Roy-García, Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz, Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo, Jorge Salmerón

Objective: Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed the risk associated with the self-reported body silhouette in the scope of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.

Methods: Adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study enrolled between March 2004 and April 2006 were included. Then, risk analysis was performed considering dyslipidemias as serum triglycerides, high total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.

Results: A total of 2,297 males and 5,003 females were analyzed. The median ages of the studied population was 39 (30-49) and 41 (31-50) years for males and females, respectively. Overall, there is a stepwise increase in the risk of presenting dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as the self-reported body silhouette number increases, this tendency was observed in both males and females.

Conclusion: Self-reported body silhouette is a useful risk assessment tool for dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension in Mexican adults. Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.

目的:自我报告的身体轮廓是一种人体测量工具,已被用作体重过轻、超重、肥胖和其他异常人体测量变量的筛查工具。在此,我们分析了与血脂异常、高血糖、高尿酸血症和高血压范围内自我报告的身体轮廓相关的风险。方法:纳入2004年3月至2006年4月参加卫生工作者队列研究的成年参与者。然后,考虑血脂异常如血清甘油三酯、高总胆固醇、高LDL-C、低HDL-C、高血糖、高尿酸血症和高血压进行风险分析。结果:共分析男性2297人,女性5003人。研究人群的年龄中位数男性为39岁(30-49岁),女性为41岁(31-50岁)。总的来说,随着自我报告的身体轮廓数的增加,出现血脂异常、高血糖、高尿酸血症和高血压的风险逐步增加,这一趋势在男性和女性中都有观察到。结论:自我报告的身体轮廓是墨西哥成年人血脂异常、高血糖、高尿酸血症和高血压的有效风险评估工具。包含这种轮廓的提问者的应用可能被认为是一种有价值的公共卫生工具,因为它们成本低、相对简单、缺乏专门的设备、培训或应答者知识。
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引用次数: 0
Acute Effects of Breakfast Fruits Meal Sequence and Postprandial Exercise on the Blood Glucose Level and DPP4 Activity among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Pilot Study. 早餐水果膳食顺序和餐后运动对2型糖尿病患者血糖水平和DPP4活性的急性影响:一项初步研究
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-27 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4875993
Indarto Dono, Dwipajati Dwipajati, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo, Yoga Mulia Pratama

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health issue. Diet and physical exercise are modifiable factors that influence the glycaemic status of patients with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of breakfast fruits meal sequence and postprandial exercise on the blood glucose level and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: A randomized pilot study recruited patients with T2DM who attended two primary health care centres in Tasikmadu District, Karanganyar Regency, and Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to October 2016. Eligible patients (4 men and 32 women) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Venous blood samples were analyzed for fasting and one-hour postprandial blood glucose (FBG and 1 h PPG) levels and DPP4 activity. Blood glucose levels were measured using a routine hexokinase method, and serum DPP4 activity was determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide substrate.

Results: Fruits last meal decreased FBG level whilst fruits first meal did not significantly decrease 1 h PPG level. Both treatments had no acute effects on DPP4 activity but the addition of postprandial exercise helped lower DPP4 activity. Fruit last and first meals showed significant opposite effects on mean changes of FBG level (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: This preliminary report of fruits meal sequence is potentially involved in acute regulation of blood glucose levels and that it might be independent of DPP4 activity in Indonesian patients with T2DM. Moreover, postprandial exercise may be an important intervention for T2DM through the mediation of DPP4 but has no acute effects on the regulation of blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to investigate whether or not different types of fruits and longer treatment intervals can affect blood glucose levels and DPP4 activity differently. This study also gives an insight into the feasibility of conducting food order modification with or without the combination of postprandial exercise in a primary health setting for our next studies.

目的:2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。饮食和体育锻炼是影响2型糖尿病患者血糖状态的可改变因素。本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病患者早餐水果膳食顺序和餐后运动对血糖水平和二肽基肽酶4 (DPP4)活性的急性影响。方法:一项随机试点研究招募了2016年7月至10月在印度尼西亚中爪哇省Karanganyar县Tasikmadu区和Sukoharjo县Kartasura区两个初级卫生保健中心就诊的2型糖尿病患者。符合条件的患者(男性4例,女性32例)随机分为4个治疗组。分析静脉血样品的空腹和餐后1小时血糖(FBG和1小时PPG)水平和DPP4活性。用常规己糖激酶法测定血糖水平,用gly - pro -p-硝基苯胺底物孵育后分光光度法测定血清DPP4活性。结果:水果最后一餐可降低空腹血糖水平,而水果第一餐可降低1 h PPG水平。两种治疗方法对DPP4活性都没有急性影响,但增加餐后运动有助于降低DPP4活性。水果末餐和初餐对FBG水平的平均变化有显著相反的影响(p < 0.05)。结论:这一初步报告的水果膳食顺序可能参与了印尼T2DM患者血糖水平的急性调节,并且可能独立于DPP4活性。此外,餐后运动可能通过DPP4介导对T2DM进行重要干预,但对血糖水平的调节没有急性作用。不同种类的水果和较长的治疗间隔是否会对血糖水平和DPP4活性产生不同的影响,还需要进一步的研究。这项研究也为我们下一步的研究提供了在初级卫生环境中进行餐后运动或不结合餐后运动的食物顺序调整的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Difference in Food Choice and Eating Practice and Their Association with Health among Students of Kathmandu, Nepal. 尼泊尔加德满都学生食物选择和饮食习惯的性别差异及其与健康的关系。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-25 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2340809
Maginsh Dahal, Alisha Basnet, Sudip Khanal, Kushalata Baral, Smriti Dhakal
Background Our eating practice is generally based on the food we choose to eat. The selection of unhealthy food, high cost of healthy food items, and easy availability of fast food may have negative impact on our health and eating behaviour. This study aims to access the gender difference in food choice and eating practice and their association with health among students in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 385 randomly selected undergraduate BBA (Bachelor in Business Administration) students of Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu by using semistructured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characters, health status, behaviour factors, eating practice, and food choice which were measured using Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). The data was analysed in SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to measure the association between two variables. Results The study is comprised of 50.4% female and 49.6% male with mean ages of 20.04 and 20.75, respectively. A gender difference was observed in food choice but no gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no significant association of food choice and eating practice with health. However, food choice and eating practice showed an association with the current living status of the respondents. Sensory appeal and health were the most important food choice motives among males and females, respectively. Conclusion The study concluded that no gender difference was observed in food choice. However, gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no association of food choice and eating practice with health.
背景:我们的饮食习惯通常是基于我们选择吃的食物。不健康食品的选择、健康食品的高成本以及快餐的易得性可能对我们的健康和饮食行为产生负面影响。本研究旨在了解尼泊尔加德满都学生在食物选择和饮食习惯方面的性别差异及其与健康的关系。方法:采用半结构式自评问卷对加德满都特里布万大学工商管理专业385名本科生进行横断面描述性研究。问卷内容包括社会人口学特征、健康状况、行为因素、饮食习惯和食物选择,采用食物选择问卷(FCQ)进行测量。用SPSS软件对数据进行分析。计算频率、百分比、均值和标准差,并采用卡方检验和logistic回归来衡量两变量之间的相关性。结果:女性占50.4%,男性占49.6%,平均年龄分别为20.04岁和20.75岁。在食物选择上存在性别差异,但在饮食习惯上没有性别差异。食物选择和饮食习惯与健康之间没有明显的联系。然而,食物选择和饮食习惯显示出与受访者当前生活状况的关联。感官吸引力和健康分别是男性和女性最重要的食物选择动机。结论:研究得出的结论是,在食物选择上没有性别差异。然而,在饮食习惯上却存在性别差异。食物选择和饮食习惯与健康没有关联。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Morbidity and Mortality among Hospitalized Patients in Sri Lanka: A Single-Center Analysis. 超重和肥胖对斯里兰卡住院患者发病率和死亡率的影响:一项单中心分析
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-18 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9172365
M D S A Dilrukshi, V Thotamuna, D J Senarath Yapa, L De Silva, P Ranasinghe, P Katulanda

Background: Current evidence regarding the association between overweight and obesity and in-hospital morbidity and mortality is inconsistent and South Asian populations are underrepresented.

Methods: Data relevant to anthropometry, hospital outcomes, complications, and medical diagnoses of all acute medical admissions to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka were collected over a period of 3 months. Analysis was performed with WHO international (ICs) and Asian obesity cut-offs (ACs).

Results: Sample size was 2,128 (median age: 57 years [IQR: 42, 67], males: 49.7%). High prevalence of overweight (23.5%), generalized obesity (10.4%), central obesity (28.5%), and underweight (15.4%) was observed (ICs). Patients with either generalized or central obesity had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (4.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.031) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.9% versus 1.2%) (p = 0.001) compared to normal weight. With ACs, overweight and obesity prevalence increased, without any significant increment in morbidity and mortality, but median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients with generalized obesity compared to normal (3 [IQR: 2, 5] versus 4 [IQR: 2, 6], p = 0.014). Infections (44.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (25.9%) were the most common causes of admission. Overweight and generalized obesity or central obesity were associated with increased prevalence of acute CVDs and CVD risk factors and lower prevalence of acute infections, whilst underweight showed an inverse association.

Conclusion: A double burden of malnutrition and diseases were noted among hospital admissions, with obesity being a risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality and AKI. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased CVDs and reduced infections. Larger prospective studies are required to characterize these associations among South Asians.

背景:目前关于超重和肥胖与院内发病率和死亡率之间关系的证据不一致,南亚人口代表性不足。方法:收集斯里兰卡国立医院3个月内所有急性住院患者的人体测量、医院预后、并发症和医学诊断相关数据。采用世卫组织国际(ic)和亚洲肥胖临界值(ACs)进行分析。结果:样本量为2128例(中位年龄:57岁[IQR: 42,67],男性:49.7%)。超重(23.5%)、全身性肥胖(10.4%)、中心性肥胖(28.5%)和体重不足(15.4%)的患病率较高(ICs)。与体重正常的患者相比,全身性肥胖或中心性肥胖患者的住院死亡率(4.8%对2.5%,p = 0.031)和急性肾损伤(AKI)(3.9%对1.2%)(p = 0.001)显著更高。随着ACs的发生,超重和肥胖患病率增加,发病率和死亡率没有显著增加,但与正常患者相比,全面性肥胖患者的中位住院时间显著缩短(3 [IQR: 2,5]对4 [IQR: 2,6], p = 0.014)。感染(44.4%)和心血管疾病(25.9%)是最常见的入院原因。超重、全身性肥胖或中心性肥胖与急性心血管疾病患病率和心血管疾病危险因素的增加以及急性感染患病率的降低相关,而体重过轻则呈负相关。结论:住院患者中存在营养不良和疾病的双重负担,肥胖是院内全因死亡率和AKI的危险因素。超重和肥胖与心血管疾病增加和感染减少有关。需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来描述南亚人之间的这些关联。
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引用次数: 1
Overweight and Its Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. 2021年埃塞俄比亚东部迪勒达瓦育龄妇女超重及其相关因素:基于社区的横断面研究
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-16 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7268573
Ismael Omer, Tariku Derese, Yitagesu Sintayehu

Background: Overweight in women of reproductive age is a major public health concern in developing countries because of overconsumption of low-quality food. Currently, being overweight is a major health concern worldwide. It exposes humans to various health problems. In Ethiopia, despite the trend indicated increasing in overweight, priority is given for undernutrition. In Dire Dawa, there is scarce evidence regarding reproductive age overweight. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the prevalence of overweight and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021, in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia; a multi-stage systematic sampling technique was used to select 559 women aged 15-49 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured pretested questionnaire. Ninety-five percent CI was used to identify the factors associated with overweight while controlling for all possible confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of 0.05.

Results: The results of this study revealed that the prevalence of overweight was 63.1% (95% CI: 59.0, 67.2). Overweight was significantly associated with weekly discretionary calories (AOR = 3.964, 95% CI (1.131, 13.894)), contraceptive use (AOR = 2.838, 95% CI (1.443, 5.580)), and monthly family income (AOR = 3.916, 95% CI (1.352, 11.340)).

Conclusion: Overweight among women of reproductive age was high in Dire Dawa city. Discretionary calories per week, family monthly income, and contraceptive use were significantly associated with overweight. Developing and implementing community-based culturally sensitive, feasible, and potentially high-impact intervention to address the modifiable risk factors among women of reproductive age is critical.

背景:由于过度食用低质量食品,育龄妇女超重是发展中国家一个主要的公共卫生问题。目前,超重是世界范围内的一个主要健康问题。它使人类面临各种健康问题。在埃塞俄比亚,尽管超重的趋势有所增加,但仍优先考虑营养不足问题。在迪勒达瓦,几乎没有关于育龄超重的证据。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东部育龄妇女中超重的患病率及其相关因素。方法:于2021年5月15日至6月15日在埃塞俄比亚东部的Dire Dawa进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究;采用多阶段系统抽样方法,抽取年龄在15 ~ 49岁的女性559名。数据通过面对面访谈收集,使用结构化的预测问卷。95% CI用于确定与超重相关的因素,同时使用多变量逻辑回归控制所有可能的混杂因素。p值为0.05,差异有统计学意义。结果:本研究结果显示,超重患病率为63.1% (95% CI: 59.0, 67.2)。超重与每周可自由支配热量(AOR = 3.964, 95% CI(1.131, 13.894))、避孕措施使用(AOR = 2.838, 95% CI(1.443, 5.580))和家庭月收入(AOR = 3.916, 95% CI(1.352, 11.340))显著相关。结论:迪勒达瓦市育龄妇女体重偏高。每周可自由支配的卡路里、家庭月收入和避孕措施的使用与超重显著相关。制定和实施以社区为基础的具有文化敏感性、可行性和潜在高影响的干预措施,以解决育龄妇女中可改变的风险因素,这一点至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviours Among Adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prior to and during COVID-19 Restrictions. 沙特阿拉伯王国青少年在 COVID-19 限制之前和期间的体育锻炼知识、态度和行为。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2022-08-02 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892017
Naif Almutairi, Sharyn Burns, Linda Portsmouth

Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. This study reports on factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA.

Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jeddah, KSA among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years. Sociodemographic characteristics; PA knowledge, attitude, and behaviours; and information about the impact of COVID-19 on PA were collected. Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and between gender were compared. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the determinants of PA.

Results: Female students were significantly more likely to report better knowledge of PA compared to males (p < 0.001). However, males were significantly more likely to participate in PA compared to females (p < 0.001). Approximately 60% of students reported their PA decreased during COVID-19 isolations. Most students did not participate in the recommended levels of daily PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures. After adjusting for demographics, knowledge, and attitude, students who did not usually participate in school sports (p=0.017) and as members of clubs (p=0.002) were less likely to be active during COVID-19 lockdown.

Conclusions: Efforts to enhance PA should be implemented through coordinated school and community-based programs to achieve the recommended PA among adolescents at home and in schools. Policy to ensure students receive PA opportunities at school is recommended.

背景:儿童和青少年肥胖症的发病率急剧上升,对全球公共健康构成了重大威胁。在沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA),造成青少年肥胖的主要原因是生活方式的改变导致缺乏体育活动和不健康饮食习惯的增加。本研究报告了 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)发生前和发生期间,沙特阿拉伯吉达中学生体育活动(PA)的相关因素:方法:在吉达(KSA)对 1500 名 11-15 岁的中学生进行了横断面在线调查。调查收集了社会人口学特征、体育锻炼知识、态度和行为,以及 COVID-19 对体育锻炼影响的相关信息。比较了在 COVID-19 限制之前和限制期间以及不同性别之间的 PA 知识、态度和行为。通过回归分析评估了 PA 的决定因素:结果:与男生相比,女生明显更有可能报告更多的体育锻炼知识(p < 0.001)。然而,与女生相比,男生参加体育锻炼的可能性明显更高(p < 0.001)。约有 60% 的学生表示,在 COVID-19 隔离期间,他们的 PA 有所减少。在 COVID-19 封锁和学校关闭期间,大多数学生没有参加建议水平的日常 PA。在对人口统计学、知识和态度进行调整后,通常不参加学校体育活动(p=0.017)和不参加俱乐部活动(p=0.002)的学生在 COVID-19 封锁期间不太可能参加体育锻炼:应通过协调学校和社区的计划,努力加强青少年在家中和学校的体育锻炼,以达到建议的体育锻炼水平。建议制定政策,确保学生在学校获得 PA 机会。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Blood Albumin during the First Year following Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass. 腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术后第一年身体组成、基础代谢率和血白蛋白的变化。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-28 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7485736
Adnan Tizmaghz, Mansour Bahardoust, Mostafa Hosseini, Abdulreza Pazouki, Hamidreza Alizadeh Otaghvar, Ghazaal Shabestanipour

Bariatric surgery is currently the only method that can significantly and continuously reduce weight and improve obesity-related comorbidities in morbidly obese patients. Significant weight loss through bariatric surgery can lead to changes in body composition. This study shows the changes in body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and serum albumin in obese people following bariatric surgery. The study included 880 patients who underwent laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery (LMGBP) between 2016 and 2020. The body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), age, gender, blood albumin, WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), BMR, and blood albumin were recorded at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, postoperatively. The reduction in serum albumin concentration was not consistent with weight loss. Bariatric surgery promotes the breakdown of both fat and lean mass on the arms, torso, and thighs. This size reduction usually aggravates the concomitant skin redundancy in these areas which is a challenge for the plastic surgery team. Interestingly, the rate of lean mass reduction of the arms is faster than that of the torso and thighs. Excessive loss of lean body mass will also lower BMR and lead to subsequent weight gain. Despite the faster loss of proteins and lean mass in somatic areas, internal organs and viscera lose fats faster than proteins. According to this study, visceral proteins are the latest proteins to be affected by weight loss. This finding shows a different metabolic response of viscera comparing to somatic areas.

减肥手术是目前唯一能显著且持续地减轻体重并改善病态肥胖患者肥胖相关合并症的方法。通过减肥手术进行的显著减肥会导致身体成分的改变。本研究显示肥胖患者在减肥手术后身体组成、基础代谢率(BMR)和血清白蛋白的变化。该研究包括880名在2016年至2020年间接受腹腔镜小型胃旁路手术(LMGBP)的患者。分别于术后0、3、6、12个月记录体重指数(BMI)、生物电阻抗分析(BIA)、年龄、性别、血白蛋白、腰围、臀围、BMR、血白蛋白。血清白蛋白浓度的降低与体重减轻不一致。减肥手术促进手臂、躯干和大腿上的脂肪和瘦肉的分解。这种尺寸的减小通常会加剧这些区域的皮肤冗余,这对整形外科团队来说是一个挑战。有趣的是,手臂的瘦质量减少的速度比躯干和大腿的快。瘦体重的过度减少也会降低BMR,导致随后的体重增加。尽管身体部位的蛋白质和瘦肉流失得更快,但内脏和内脏的脂肪流失得比蛋白质快。根据这项研究,内脏蛋白是最新受减肥影响的蛋白质。这一发现表明,与躯体区域相比,内脏的代谢反应不同。
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引用次数: 2
Can Obesity Prevalence Explain COVID-19 Indicators (Cases, Mortality, and Recovery)? A Comparative Study in OECD Countries. 肥胖患病率能否解释COVID-19指标(病例、死亡率和康复)?经合组织国家比较研究。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4320120
Yuval Arbel, Chaim Fialkoff, Amichai Kerner, Miryam Kerner

SARS-CoV-2 virus disease (COVID-19) is declared a global pandemic with multiple risk factors. Obesity is considered by several researchers as one of the serious risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 virus complications based on recent empirical studies. Yet, other scholars argue in favor of the existence of an obesity survival paradox and criticize the former group of studies on the grounds that they lack controls for race, socioeconomic status, or quality of care. The objective of the current study is to analyze the potential relationships between different SARS-CoV-2 virus indicators and obesity on a country-wide level based on an OECD report. In an attempt to test the counterintuitive possibility of an obesity survival paradox, the proposed empirical model relaxes the assumption of monotonic change by applying the quadratic design and testing which one of the two competing models (i.e., quadratic or linear) better fits the data. Findings suggest more complex relationships between SARS-CoV-2 virus indices and obesity rates than previously thought. Consequently, ethical guidelines referring to priority in intubation and intensive care treatments-published by the Israeli Ministry of Health in April 2020-should account for these complex relationships between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 virus. Indeed, there is a linear increase in mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 virus with an elevated prevalence of obesity. Yet, other indicators, such as the number of infected per 10,00,000 persons, rates of severe SARS-CoV-2 virus cases, rates of recovered SARS-CoV-2 virus patients, and SARS-CoV-2 virus, as the cause of death exhibit quadratic, rather than linear, patterns. The reasons for these nonlinear patterns might be explained by several conditions such as increased metabolic reserves, more aggressive treatment, other non-SARS-CoV-2 virus complications for obese persons, and unidentified factors that should be examined in future research.

SARS-CoV-2病毒病(COVID-19)被宣布为具有多重危险因素的全球大流行。根据最近的实证研究,肥胖被一些研究人员认为是SARS-CoV-2病毒并发症的严重危险因素之一。然而,其他学者认为存在肥胖生存悖论,并批评前一组研究,理由是他们缺乏对种族,社会经济地位或护理质量的控制。本次研究的目的是,以经合组织(OECD)的报告为基础,分析不同SARS-CoV-2病毒指标与全国肥胖之间的潜在关系。为了检验肥胖生存悖论的反直觉可能性,提出的经验模型通过应用二次设计并检验两种相互竞争的模型(即二次模型或线性模型)中哪一种更适合数据,从而放宽了单调变化的假设。研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2病毒指数与肥胖率之间的关系比之前认为的更为复杂。因此,以色列卫生部于2020年4月发布的关于插管和重症监护治疗优先的伦理准则应该考虑到肥胖与SARS-CoV-2病毒之间的这些复杂关系。事实上,SARS-CoV-2病毒的死亡率呈线性上升,肥胖的患病率也在上升。然而,作为死亡原因的其他指标,如每10万人感染人数、严重SARS-CoV-2病毒病例率、SARS-CoV-2病毒患者康复率和SARS-CoV-2病毒,呈现出二次曲线,而不是线性曲线。这些非线性模式的原因可能由几种情况解释,如代谢储备增加、更积极的治疗、肥胖人群的其他非sars - cov -2病毒并发症,以及应在未来研究中检查的未知因素。
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引用次数: 4
Possible Nonneurological Health Benefits of Ketogenic Diet: Review of Scientific Reports over the Past Decade 生酮饮食可能的非神经系统健康益处:回顾过去十年的科学报告
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7531518
Katarzyna Daria Gołąbek, B. Regulska-Ilow
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used since the 1920s as a therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to the beneficial effects of this diet on the nervous system and the proposed multifaceted effects of ketones on health and disease, researchers have evaluated its use in other nonneurological conditions. The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent papers, which is why meta-analyses were used in which 75% of the studies were from 2012 to 2022. Authors also cited single studies from the last decade that lasted longer than 12 months to assess the long-term benefits of KD. Reports from the past decade have highlighted several significant areas regarding the impact of KD. One of these is the use of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective possibly safe and patient-motivating component of a long-term weight loss plan. Reports on the positive influence of KD on the health of obese individuals, and the possible resulting validity of its use, should be verified by patients' physical activity levels. A significant number of studies from the last decade evaluate the effect of KD on improving the health of individuals with type 2 diabetes as an effective tool in lowering glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) and required doses of hypoglycemic drugs. The long-term studies indicate a possible beneficial effect of KD on cardiovascular function due to improvement lipid profile, changes in apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).
生酮饮食(KD)自20世纪20年代以来一直用于治疗耐药性癫痫。由于这种饮食对神经系统的有益影响,以及酮类对健康和疾病的多方面影响,研究人员已经评估了它在其他非神经系统疾病中的应用。本综述的目的是分析最新的论文,这就是为什么75%的研究是在2012年至2022年期间进行的,因此使用了荟萃分析。作者还引用了过去十年中持续时间超过12个月的单一研究来评估KD的长期益处。过去十年的报告强调了KD影响的几个重要领域。其中之一是使用极低卡路里生酮饮食(VLCKD)作为长期减肥计划中有效且安全且激励患者的组成部分。关于KD对肥胖个体健康的积极影响的报告,以及可能产生的使用有效性,应该通过患者的身体活动水平来验证。在过去的十年中,大量的研究评估了KD作为降低糖化血红蛋白(Hb1Ac)和降糖药所需剂量的有效工具对改善2型糖尿病患者健康的影响。长期研究表明,KD可能通过改善血脂、改变载脂蛋白(Apo) A1、脂联素和细胞间粘附分子-1 (ICAM-1)对心血管功能产生有益影响。
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引用次数: 1
Relationship between Emotional Eating, Consumption of Hyperpalatable Energy-Dense Foods, and Indicators of Nutritional Status: A Systematic Review 情绪化饮食、高适口性高能量食物的消耗与营养状况指标之间的关系:一项系统综述
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4243868
Cristina Elizabeth Fuente González, J. Chávez-Servín, Karina de la Torre-Carbot, Dolores Ronquillo González, Ma de los Angeles Aguilera Barreiro, Laura Regina Ojeda Navarro
People's health is closely linked to their diet. Diet can be defined as the set of foods that are consumed in a day, and it is susceptible to being altered by various factors, such as physiological, environmental, psychological, and social. These, in turn, can be affected by an inadequate diet and/or a dysregulation of emotions. Emotions are an immediate response by the organism informing it of the degree of favorability of a certain stimulus or situation. Moods are similar to emotions but more intense and prolonged. Some studies indicate that the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods may be related to emotional eating. Emotional eating is characterized by the excessive consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, rich in sugars and fats, in response to negative emotions. But several reports also indicate that emotional eating may be associated with the presence of positive emotions, so further analysis of the available information is necessary. Consuming higher amounts of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods can lead to the accumulation of energy in the body that results in an increase in body weight, as well as other associated diseases. Obesity is the world's leading diet-related health problem. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the available literature using the Cochrane methodology, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate the relationship between emotional eating, the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, and indicators of nutritional status. An exhaustive search in different databases yielded 9431 scientific articles, 45 of which met the inclusion criteria. This review underscores the fact that knowing and understanding the reasons why people consume hyperpalatable energy-dense foods and the possible connection with their emotional eating can provide key data for improving and personalizing patients' nutritional treatment. This in turn can encourage compliance with treatment plans to improve people's health and quality of life using an interdisciplinary approach.
人们的健康与饮食密切相关。饮食可以定义为一天中消耗的一组食物,它容易受到生理、环境、心理和社会等各种因素的改变。这些反过来又会受到饮食不足和/或情绪失调的影响。情绪是生物体的一种即时反应,它告诉它某种刺激或情况的有利程度。情绪与情绪相似,但更强烈、更持久。一些研究表明,食用美味的高能量食物可能与情绪化进食有关。情绪化饮食的特点是过度食用高美味的高能量食物,富含糖和脂肪,以应对负面情绪。但一些报告也表明,情绪化进食可能与积极情绪的存在有关,因此对现有信息的进一步分析是必要的。摄入大量高美味的高能量食物会导致体内能量的积累,从而导致体重增加,以及其他相关疾病。肥胖是世界上主要的与饮食有关的健康问题。这项工作的目的是根据PRISMA指南,使用Cochrane方法对现有文献进行系统回顾,以评估情绪性饮食、高美味能量密度食物的消费和营养状况指标之间的关系。在不同的数据库中进行了详尽的搜索,产生了9431篇科学文章,其中45篇符合纳入标准。这篇综述强调了这样一个事实,即了解和理解人们食用高美味能量密度食物的原因以及他们情绪化进食的可能联系,可以为改善和个性化患者的营养治疗提供关键数据。这反过来又可以鼓励遵守治疗计划,利用跨学科方法改善人们的健康和生活质量。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
Journal of Obesity
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