Ruben Blachman-Braun, Juan O Talavera, Marcela Pérez-Rodríguez, Ivonne Roy-García, Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz, Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo, Jorge Salmerón
Objective: Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed the risk associated with the self-reported body silhouette in the scope of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.
Methods: Adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study enrolled between March 2004 and April 2006 were included. Then, risk analysis was performed considering dyslipidemias as serum triglycerides, high total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.
Results: A total of 2,297 males and 5,003 females were analyzed. The median ages of the studied population was 39 (30-49) and 41 (31-50) years for males and females, respectively. Overall, there is a stepwise increase in the risk of presenting dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as the self-reported body silhouette number increases, this tendency was observed in both males and females.
Conclusion: Self-reported body silhouette is a useful risk assessment tool for dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension in Mexican adults. Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes.","authors":"Ruben Blachman-Braun, Juan O Talavera, Marcela Pérez-Rodríguez, Ivonne Roy-García, Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz, Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo, Jorge Salmerón","doi":"10.1155/2023/4991684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4991684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed the risk associated with the self-reported body silhouette in the scope of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study enrolled between March 2004 and April 2006 were included. Then, risk analysis was performed considering dyslipidemias as serum triglycerides, high total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,297 males and 5,003 females were analyzed. The median ages of the studied population was 39 (30-49) and 41 (31-50) years for males and females, respectively. Overall, there is a stepwise increase in the risk of presenting dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as the self-reported body silhouette number increases, this tendency was observed in both males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-reported body silhouette is a useful risk assessment tool for dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension in Mexican adults. Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health issue. Diet and physical exercise are modifiable factors that influence the glycaemic status of patients with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of breakfast fruits meal sequence and postprandial exercise on the blood glucose level and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: A randomized pilot study recruited patients with T2DM who attended two primary health care centres in Tasikmadu District, Karanganyar Regency, and Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to October 2016. Eligible patients (4 men and 32 women) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Venous blood samples were analyzed for fasting and one-hour postprandial blood glucose (FBG and 1 h PPG) levels and DPP4 activity. Blood glucose levels were measured using a routine hexokinase method, and serum DPP4 activity was determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide substrate.
Results: Fruits last meal decreased FBG level whilst fruits first meal did not significantly decrease 1 h PPG level. Both treatments had no acute effects on DPP4 activity but the addition of postprandial exercise helped lower DPP4 activity. Fruit last and first meals showed significant opposite effects on mean changes of FBG level (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: This preliminary report of fruits meal sequence is potentially involved in acute regulation of blood glucose levels and that it might be independent of DPP4 activity in Indonesian patients with T2DM. Moreover, postprandial exercise may be an important intervention for T2DM through the mediation of DPP4 but has no acute effects on the regulation of blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to investigate whether or not different types of fruits and longer treatment intervals can affect blood glucose levels and DPP4 activity differently. This study also gives an insight into the feasibility of conducting food order modification with or without the combination of postprandial exercise in a primary health setting for our next studies.
目的:2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。饮食和体育锻炼是影响2型糖尿病患者血糖状态的可改变因素。本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病患者早餐水果膳食顺序和餐后运动对血糖水平和二肽基肽酶4 (DPP4)活性的急性影响。方法:一项随机试点研究招募了2016年7月至10月在印度尼西亚中爪哇省Karanganyar县Tasikmadu区和Sukoharjo县Kartasura区两个初级卫生保健中心就诊的2型糖尿病患者。符合条件的患者(男性4例,女性32例)随机分为4个治疗组。分析静脉血样品的空腹和餐后1小时血糖(FBG和1小时PPG)水平和DPP4活性。用常规己糖激酶法测定血糖水平,用gly - pro -p-硝基苯胺底物孵育后分光光度法测定血清DPP4活性。结果:水果最后一餐可降低空腹血糖水平,而水果第一餐可降低1 h PPG水平。两种治疗方法对DPP4活性都没有急性影响,但增加餐后运动有助于降低DPP4活性。水果末餐和初餐对FBG水平的平均变化有显著相反的影响(p < 0.05)。结论:这一初步报告的水果膳食顺序可能参与了印尼T2DM患者血糖水平的急性调节,并且可能独立于DPP4活性。此外,餐后运动可能通过DPP4介导对T2DM进行重要干预,但对血糖水平的调节没有急性作用。不同种类的水果和较长的治疗间隔是否会对血糖水平和DPP4活性产生不同的影响,还需要进一步的研究。这项研究也为我们下一步的研究提供了在初级卫生环境中进行餐后运动或不结合餐后运动的食物顺序调整的可行性。
{"title":"Acute Effects of Breakfast Fruits Meal Sequence and Postprandial Exercise on the Blood Glucose Level and DPP4 Activity among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Indarto Dono, Dwipajati Dwipajati, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo, Yoga Mulia Pratama","doi":"10.1155/2022/4875993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4875993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health issue. Diet and physical exercise are modifiable factors that influence the glycaemic status of patients with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of breakfast fruits meal sequence and postprandial exercise on the blood glucose level and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized pilot study recruited patients with T2DM who attended two primary health care centres in Tasikmadu District, Karanganyar Regency, and Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to October 2016. Eligible patients (4 men and 32 women) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Venous blood samples were analyzed for fasting and one-hour postprandial blood glucose (FBG and 1 h PPG) levels and DPP4 activity. Blood glucose levels were measured using a routine hexokinase method, and serum DPP4 activity was determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide substrate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fruits last meal decreased FBG level whilst fruits first meal did not significantly decrease 1 h PPG level. Both treatments had no acute effects on DPP4 activity but the addition of postprandial exercise helped lower DPP4 activity. Fruit last and first meals showed significant opposite effects on mean changes of FBG level (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This preliminary report of fruits meal sequence is potentially involved in acute regulation of blood glucose levels and that it might be independent of DPP4 activity in Indonesian patients with T2DM. Moreover, postprandial exercise may be an important intervention for T2DM through the mediation of DPP4 but has no acute effects on the regulation of blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to investigate whether or not different types of fruits and longer treatment intervals can affect blood glucose levels and DPP4 activity differently. This study also gives an insight into the feasibility of conducting food order modification with or without the combination of postprandial exercise in a primary health setting for our next studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Our eating practice is generally based on the food we choose to eat. The selection of unhealthy food, high cost of healthy food items, and easy availability of fast food may have negative impact on our health and eating behaviour. This study aims to access the gender difference in food choice and eating practice and their association with health among students in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 385 randomly selected undergraduate BBA (Bachelor in Business Administration) students of Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu by using semistructured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characters, health status, behaviour factors, eating practice, and food choice which were measured using Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). The data was analysed in SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to measure the association between two variables. Results The study is comprised of 50.4% female and 49.6% male with mean ages of 20.04 and 20.75, respectively. A gender difference was observed in food choice but no gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no significant association of food choice and eating practice with health. However, food choice and eating practice showed an association with the current living status of the respondents. Sensory appeal and health were the most important food choice motives among males and females, respectively. Conclusion The study concluded that no gender difference was observed in food choice. However, gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no association of food choice and eating practice with health.
{"title":"Gender Difference in Food Choice and Eating Practice and Their Association with Health among Students of Kathmandu, Nepal.","authors":"Maginsh Dahal, Alisha Basnet, Sudip Khanal, Kushalata Baral, Smriti Dhakal","doi":"10.1155/2022/2340809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2340809","url":null,"abstract":"Background Our eating practice is generally based on the food we choose to eat. The selection of unhealthy food, high cost of healthy food items, and easy availability of fast food may have negative impact on our health and eating behaviour. This study aims to access the gender difference in food choice and eating practice and their association with health among students in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 385 randomly selected undergraduate BBA (Bachelor in Business Administration) students of Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu by using semistructured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characters, health status, behaviour factors, eating practice, and food choice which were measured using Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). The data was analysed in SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to measure the association between two variables. Results The study is comprised of 50.4% female and 49.6% male with mean ages of 20.04 and 20.75, respectively. A gender difference was observed in food choice but no gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no significant association of food choice and eating practice with health. However, food choice and eating practice showed an association with the current living status of the respondents. Sensory appeal and health were the most important food choice motives among males and females, respectively. Conclusion The study concluded that no gender difference was observed in food choice. However, gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no association of food choice and eating practice with health.","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/9172365
M D S A Dilrukshi, V Thotamuna, D J Senarath Yapa, L De Silva, P Ranasinghe, P Katulanda
Background: Current evidence regarding the association between overweight and obesity and in-hospital morbidity and mortality is inconsistent and South Asian populations are underrepresented.
Methods: Data relevant to anthropometry, hospital outcomes, complications, and medical diagnoses of all acute medical admissions to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka were collected over a period of 3 months. Analysis was performed with WHO international (ICs) and Asian obesity cut-offs (ACs).
Results: Sample size was 2,128 (median age: 57 years [IQR: 42, 67], males: 49.7%). High prevalence of overweight (23.5%), generalized obesity (10.4%), central obesity (28.5%), and underweight (15.4%) was observed (ICs). Patients with either generalized or central obesity had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (4.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.031) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.9% versus 1.2%) (p = 0.001) compared to normal weight. With ACs, overweight and obesity prevalence increased, without any significant increment in morbidity and mortality, but median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients with generalized obesity compared to normal (3 [IQR: 2, 5] versus 4 [IQR: 2, 6], p = 0.014). Infections (44.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (25.9%) were the most common causes of admission. Overweight and generalized obesity or central obesity were associated with increased prevalence of acute CVDs and CVD risk factors and lower prevalence of acute infections, whilst underweight showed an inverse association.
Conclusion: A double burden of malnutrition and diseases were noted among hospital admissions, with obesity being a risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality and AKI. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased CVDs and reduced infections. Larger prospective studies are required to characterize these associations among South Asians.
{"title":"Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Morbidity and Mortality among Hospitalized Patients in Sri Lanka: A Single-Center Analysis.","authors":"M D S A Dilrukshi, V Thotamuna, D J Senarath Yapa, L De Silva, P Ranasinghe, P Katulanda","doi":"10.1155/2022/9172365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9172365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current evidence regarding the association between overweight and obesity and in-hospital morbidity and mortality is inconsistent and South Asian populations are underrepresented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data relevant to anthropometry, hospital outcomes, complications, and medical diagnoses of all acute medical admissions to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka were collected over a period of 3 months. Analysis was performed with WHO international (ICs) and Asian obesity cut-offs (ACs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sample size was 2,128 (median age: 57 years [IQR: 42, 67], males: 49.7%). High prevalence of overweight (23.5%), generalized obesity (10.4%), central obesity (28.5%), and underweight (15.4%) was observed (ICs). Patients with either generalized or central obesity had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (4.8% versus 2.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.031) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.9% versus 1.2%) (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to normal weight. With ACs, overweight and obesity prevalence increased, without any significant increment in morbidity and mortality, but median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients with generalized obesity compared to normal (3 [IQR: 2, 5] versus 4 [IQR: 2, 6], <i>p</i> = 0.014). Infections (44.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (25.9%) were the most common causes of admission. Overweight and generalized obesity or central obesity were associated with increased prevalence of acute CVDs and CVD risk factors and lower prevalence of acute infections, whilst underweight showed an inverse association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A double burden of malnutrition and diseases were noted among hospital admissions, with obesity being a risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality and AKI. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased CVDs and reduced infections. Larger prospective studies are required to characterize these associations among South Asians.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33442852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/7268573
Ismael Omer, Tariku Derese, Yitagesu Sintayehu
Background: Overweight in women of reproductive age is a major public health concern in developing countries because of overconsumption of low-quality food. Currently, being overweight is a major health concern worldwide. It exposes humans to various health problems. In Ethiopia, despite the trend indicated increasing in overweight, priority is given for undernutrition. In Dire Dawa, there is scarce evidence regarding reproductive age overweight. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the prevalence of overweight and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021, in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia; a multi-stage systematic sampling technique was used to select 559 women aged 15-49 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured pretested questionnaire. Ninety-five percent CI was used to identify the factors associated with overweight while controlling for all possible confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of 0.05.
Results: The results of this study revealed that the prevalence of overweight was 63.1% (95% CI: 59.0, 67.2). Overweight was significantly associated with weekly discretionary calories (AOR = 3.964, 95% CI (1.131, 13.894)), contraceptive use (AOR = 2.838, 95% CI (1.443, 5.580)), and monthly family income (AOR = 3.916, 95% CI (1.352, 11.340)).
Conclusion: Overweight among women of reproductive age was high in Dire Dawa city. Discretionary calories per week, family monthly income, and contraceptive use were significantly associated with overweight. Developing and implementing community-based culturally sensitive, feasible, and potentially high-impact intervention to address the modifiable risk factors among women of reproductive age is critical.
{"title":"Overweight and Its Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ismael Omer, Tariku Derese, Yitagesu Sintayehu","doi":"10.1155/2022/7268573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7268573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight in women of reproductive age is a major public health concern in developing countries because of overconsumption of low-quality food. Currently, being overweight is a major health concern worldwide. It exposes humans to various health problems. In Ethiopia, despite the trend indicated increasing in overweight, priority is given for undernutrition. In Dire Dawa, there is scarce evidence regarding reproductive age overweight. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the prevalence of overweight and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021, in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia; a multi-stage systematic sampling technique was used to select 559 women aged 15-49 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured pretested questionnaire. Ninety-five percent CI was used to identify the factors associated with overweight while controlling for all possible confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at a <i>P</i>-value of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study revealed that the prevalence of overweight was 63.1% (95% CI: 59.0, 67.2). Overweight was significantly associated with weekly discretionary calories (AOR = 3.964, 95% CI (1.131, 13.894)), contraceptive use (AOR = 2.838, 95% CI (1.443, 5.580)), and monthly family income (AOR = 3.916, 95% CI (1.352, 11.340)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overweight among women of reproductive age was high in Dire Dawa city. Discretionary calories per week, family monthly income, and contraceptive use were significantly associated with overweight. Developing and implementing community-based culturally sensitive, feasible, and potentially high-impact intervention to address the modifiable risk factors among women of reproductive age is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9398806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33437880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892017
Naif Almutairi, Sharyn Burns, Linda Portsmouth
Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. This study reports on factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA.
Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jeddah, KSA among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years. Sociodemographic characteristics; PA knowledge, attitude, and behaviours; and information about the impact of COVID-19 on PA were collected. Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and between gender were compared. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the determinants of PA.
Results: Female students were significantly more likely to report better knowledge of PA compared to males (p < 0.001). However, males were significantly more likely to participate in PA compared to females (p < 0.001). Approximately 60% of students reported their PA decreased during COVID-19 isolations. Most students did not participate in the recommended levels of daily PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures. After adjusting for demographics, knowledge, and attitude, students who did not usually participate in school sports (p=0.017) and as members of clubs (p=0.002) were less likely to be active during COVID-19 lockdown.
Conclusions: Efforts to enhance PA should be implemented through coordinated school and community-based programs to achieve the recommended PA among adolescents at home and in schools. Policy to ensure students receive PA opportunities at school is recommended.
背景:儿童和青少年肥胖症的发病率急剧上升,对全球公共健康构成了重大威胁。在沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA),造成青少年肥胖的主要原因是生活方式的改变导致缺乏体育活动和不健康饮食习惯的增加。本研究报告了 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)发生前和发生期间,沙特阿拉伯吉达中学生体育活动(PA)的相关因素:方法:在吉达(KSA)对 1500 名 11-15 岁的中学生进行了横断面在线调查。调查收集了社会人口学特征、体育锻炼知识、态度和行为,以及 COVID-19 对体育锻炼影响的相关信息。比较了在 COVID-19 限制之前和限制期间以及不同性别之间的 PA 知识、态度和行为。通过回归分析评估了 PA 的决定因素:结果:与男生相比,女生明显更有可能报告更多的体育锻炼知识(p < 0.001)。然而,与女生相比,男生参加体育锻炼的可能性明显更高(p < 0.001)。约有 60% 的学生表示,在 COVID-19 隔离期间,他们的 PA 有所减少。在 COVID-19 封锁和学校关闭期间,大多数学生没有参加建议水平的日常 PA。在对人口统计学、知识和态度进行调整后,通常不参加学校体育活动(p=0.017)和不参加俱乐部活动(p=0.002)的学生在 COVID-19 封锁期间不太可能参加体育锻炼:应通过协调学校和社区的计划,努力加强青少年在家中和学校的体育锻炼,以达到建议的体育锻炼水平。建议制定政策,确保学生在学校获得 PA 机会。
{"title":"Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviours Among Adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prior to and during COVID-19 Restrictions.","authors":"Naif Almutairi, Sharyn Burns, Linda Portsmouth","doi":"10.1155/2022/1892017","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/1892017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. This study reports on factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jeddah, KSA among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years. Sociodemographic characteristics; PA knowledge, attitude, and behaviours; and information about the impact of COVID-19 on PA were collected. Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and between gender were compared. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the determinants of PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female students were significantly more likely to report better knowledge of PA compared to males (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, males were significantly more likely to participate in PA compared to females (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Approximately 60% of students reported their PA decreased during COVID-19 isolations. Most students did not participate in the recommended levels of daily PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures. After adjusting for demographics, knowledge, and attitude, students who did not usually participate in school sports (<i>p</i>=0.017) and as members of clubs (<i>p</i>=0.002) were less likely to be active during COVID-19 lockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Efforts to enhance PA should be implemented through coordinated school and community-based programs to achieve the recommended PA among adolescents at home and in schools. Policy to ensure students receive PA opportunities at school is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9363232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40716689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bariatric surgery is currently the only method that can significantly and continuously reduce weight and improve obesity-related comorbidities in morbidly obese patients. Significant weight loss through bariatric surgery can lead to changes in body composition. This study shows the changes in body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and serum albumin in obese people following bariatric surgery. The study included 880 patients who underwent laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery (LMGBP) between 2016 and 2020. The body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), age, gender, blood albumin, WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), BMR, and blood albumin were recorded at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, postoperatively. The reduction in serum albumin concentration was not consistent with weight loss. Bariatric surgery promotes the breakdown of both fat and lean mass on the arms, torso, and thighs. This size reduction usually aggravates the concomitant skin redundancy in these areas which is a challenge for the plastic surgery team. Interestingly, the rate of lean mass reduction of the arms is faster than that of the torso and thighs. Excessive loss of lean body mass will also lower BMR and lead to subsequent weight gain. Despite the faster loss of proteins and lean mass in somatic areas, internal organs and viscera lose fats faster than proteins. According to this study, visceral proteins are the latest proteins to be affected by weight loss. This finding shows a different metabolic response of viscera comparing to somatic areas.
{"title":"Changes in Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Blood Albumin during the First Year following Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass.","authors":"Adnan Tizmaghz, Mansour Bahardoust, Mostafa Hosseini, Abdulreza Pazouki, Hamidreza Alizadeh Otaghvar, Ghazaal Shabestanipour","doi":"10.1155/2022/7485736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7485736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bariatric surgery is currently the only method that can significantly and continuously reduce weight and improve obesity-related comorbidities in morbidly obese patients. Significant weight loss through bariatric surgery can lead to changes in body composition. This study shows the changes in body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and serum albumin in obese people following bariatric surgery. The study included 880 patients who underwent laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery (LMGBP) between 2016 and 2020. The body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), age, gender, blood albumin, WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), BMR, and blood albumin were recorded at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, postoperatively. The reduction in serum albumin concentration was not consistent with weight loss. Bariatric surgery promotes the breakdown of both fat and lean mass on the arms, torso, and thighs. This size reduction usually aggravates the concomitant skin redundancy in these areas which is a challenge for the plastic surgery team. Interestingly, the rate of lean mass reduction of the arms is faster than that of the torso and thighs. Excessive loss of lean body mass will also lower BMR and lead to subsequent weight gain. Despite the faster loss of proteins and lean mass in somatic areas, internal organs and viscera lose fats faster than proteins. According to this study, visceral proteins are the latest proteins to be affected by weight loss. This finding shows a different metabolic response of viscera comparing to somatic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9256454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SARS-CoV-2 virus disease (COVID-19) is declared a global pandemic with multiple risk factors. Obesity is considered by several researchers as one of the serious risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 virus complications based on recent empirical studies. Yet, other scholars argue in favor of the existence of an obesity survival paradox and criticize the former group of studies on the grounds that they lack controls for race, socioeconomic status, or quality of care. The objective of the current study is to analyze the potential relationships between different SARS-CoV-2 virus indicators and obesity on a country-wide level based on an OECD report. In an attempt to test the counterintuitive possibility of an obesity survival paradox, the proposed empirical model relaxes the assumption of monotonic change by applying the quadratic design and testing which one of the two competing models (i.e., quadratic or linear) better fits the data. Findings suggest more complex relationships between SARS-CoV-2 virus indices and obesity rates than previously thought. Consequently, ethical guidelines referring to priority in intubation and intensive care treatments-published by the Israeli Ministry of Health in April 2020-should account for these complex relationships between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 virus. Indeed, there is a linear increase in mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 virus with an elevated prevalence of obesity. Yet, other indicators, such as the number of infected per 10,00,000 persons, rates of severe SARS-CoV-2 virus cases, rates of recovered SARS-CoV-2 virus patients, and SARS-CoV-2 virus, as the cause of death exhibit quadratic, rather than linear, patterns. The reasons for these nonlinear patterns might be explained by several conditions such as increased metabolic reserves, more aggressive treatment, other non-SARS-CoV-2 virus complications for obese persons, and unidentified factors that should be examined in future research.
{"title":"Can Obesity Prevalence Explain COVID-19 Indicators (Cases, Mortality, and Recovery)? A Comparative Study in OECD Countries.","authors":"Yuval Arbel, Chaim Fialkoff, Amichai Kerner, Miryam Kerner","doi":"10.1155/2022/4320120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4320120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 virus disease (COVID-19) is declared a global pandemic with multiple risk factors. Obesity is considered by several researchers as one of the serious risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 virus complications based on recent empirical studies. Yet, other scholars argue in favor of the existence of an obesity survival paradox and criticize the former group of studies on the grounds that they lack controls for race, socioeconomic status, or quality of care. The objective of the current study is to analyze the potential relationships between different SARS-CoV-2 virus indicators and obesity on a country-wide level based on an OECD report. In an attempt to test the counterintuitive possibility of an obesity survival paradox, the proposed empirical model relaxes the assumption of monotonic change by applying the quadratic design and testing which one of the two competing models (i.e., quadratic or linear) better fits the data. Findings suggest more complex relationships between SARS-CoV-2 virus indices and obesity rates than previously thought. Consequently, ethical guidelines referring to priority in intubation and intensive care treatments-published by the Israeli Ministry of Health in April 2020-should account for these complex relationships between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 virus. Indeed, there is a linear increase in mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 virus with an elevated prevalence of obesity. Yet, other indicators, such as the number of infected per 10,00,000 persons, rates of severe SARS-CoV-2 virus cases, rates of recovered SARS-CoV-2 virus patients, and SARS-CoV-2 virus, as the cause of death exhibit quadratic, rather than linear, patterns. The reasons for these nonlinear patterns might be explained by several conditions such as increased metabolic reserves, more aggressive treatment, other non-SARS-CoV-2 virus complications for obese persons, and unidentified factors that should be examined in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used since the 1920s as a therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to the beneficial effects of this diet on the nervous system and the proposed multifaceted effects of ketones on health and disease, researchers have evaluated its use in other nonneurological conditions. The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent papers, which is why meta-analyses were used in which 75% of the studies were from 2012 to 2022. Authors also cited single studies from the last decade that lasted longer than 12 months to assess the long-term benefits of KD. Reports from the past decade have highlighted several significant areas regarding the impact of KD. One of these is the use of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective possibly safe and patient-motivating component of a long-term weight loss plan. Reports on the positive influence of KD on the health of obese individuals, and the possible resulting validity of its use, should be verified by patients' physical activity levels. A significant number of studies from the last decade evaluate the effect of KD on improving the health of individuals with type 2 diabetes as an effective tool in lowering glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) and required doses of hypoglycemic drugs. The long-term studies indicate a possible beneficial effect of KD on cardiovascular function due to improvement lipid profile, changes in apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).
{"title":"Possible Nonneurological Health Benefits of Ketogenic Diet: Review of Scientific Reports over the Past Decade","authors":"Katarzyna Daria Gołąbek, B. Regulska-Ilow","doi":"10.1155/2022/7531518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7531518","url":null,"abstract":"The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used since the 1920s as a therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to the beneficial effects of this diet on the nervous system and the proposed multifaceted effects of ketones on health and disease, researchers have evaluated its use in other nonneurological conditions. The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent papers, which is why meta-analyses were used in which 75% of the studies were from 2012 to 2022. Authors also cited single studies from the last decade that lasted longer than 12 months to assess the long-term benefits of KD. Reports from the past decade have highlighted several significant areas regarding the impact of KD. One of these is the use of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective possibly safe and patient-motivating component of a long-term weight loss plan. Reports on the positive influence of KD on the health of obese individuals, and the possible resulting validity of its use, should be verified by patients' physical activity levels. A significant number of studies from the last decade evaluate the effect of KD on improving the health of individuals with type 2 diabetes as an effective tool in lowering glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) and required doses of hypoglycemic drugs. The long-term studies indicate a possible beneficial effect of KD on cardiovascular function due to improvement lipid profile, changes in apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45989254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Elizabeth Fuente González, J. Chávez-Servín, Karina de la Torre-Carbot, Dolores Ronquillo González, Ma de los Angeles Aguilera Barreiro, Laura Regina Ojeda Navarro
People's health is closely linked to their diet. Diet can be defined as the set of foods that are consumed in a day, and it is susceptible to being altered by various factors, such as physiological, environmental, psychological, and social. These, in turn, can be affected by an inadequate diet and/or a dysregulation of emotions. Emotions are an immediate response by the organism informing it of the degree of favorability of a certain stimulus or situation. Moods are similar to emotions but more intense and prolonged. Some studies indicate that the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods may be related to emotional eating. Emotional eating is characterized by the excessive consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, rich in sugars and fats, in response to negative emotions. But several reports also indicate that emotional eating may be associated with the presence of positive emotions, so further analysis of the available information is necessary. Consuming higher amounts of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods can lead to the accumulation of energy in the body that results in an increase in body weight, as well as other associated diseases. Obesity is the world's leading diet-related health problem. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the available literature using the Cochrane methodology, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate the relationship between emotional eating, the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, and indicators of nutritional status. An exhaustive search in different databases yielded 9431 scientific articles, 45 of which met the inclusion criteria. This review underscores the fact that knowing and understanding the reasons why people consume hyperpalatable energy-dense foods and the possible connection with their emotional eating can provide key data for improving and personalizing patients' nutritional treatment. This in turn can encourage compliance with treatment plans to improve people's health and quality of life using an interdisciplinary approach.
{"title":"Relationship between Emotional Eating, Consumption of Hyperpalatable Energy-Dense Foods, and Indicators of Nutritional Status: A Systematic Review","authors":"Cristina Elizabeth Fuente González, J. Chávez-Servín, Karina de la Torre-Carbot, Dolores Ronquillo González, Ma de los Angeles Aguilera Barreiro, Laura Regina Ojeda Navarro","doi":"10.1155/2022/4243868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4243868","url":null,"abstract":"People's health is closely linked to their diet. Diet can be defined as the set of foods that are consumed in a day, and it is susceptible to being altered by various factors, such as physiological, environmental, psychological, and social. These, in turn, can be affected by an inadequate diet and/or a dysregulation of emotions. Emotions are an immediate response by the organism informing it of the degree of favorability of a certain stimulus or situation. Moods are similar to emotions but more intense and prolonged. Some studies indicate that the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods may be related to emotional eating. Emotional eating is characterized by the excessive consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, rich in sugars and fats, in response to negative emotions. But several reports also indicate that emotional eating may be associated with the presence of positive emotions, so further analysis of the available information is necessary. Consuming higher amounts of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods can lead to the accumulation of energy in the body that results in an increase in body weight, as well as other associated diseases. Obesity is the world's leading diet-related health problem. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the available literature using the Cochrane methodology, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate the relationship between emotional eating, the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, and indicators of nutritional status. An exhaustive search in different databases yielded 9431 scientific articles, 45 of which met the inclusion criteria. This review underscores the fact that knowing and understanding the reasons why people consume hyperpalatable energy-dense foods and the possible connection with their emotional eating can provide key data for improving and personalizing patients' nutritional treatment. This in turn can encourage compliance with treatment plans to improve people's health and quality of life using an interdisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48983436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}