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Anthropometric Measurements and Correlations to Glucometabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery. 接受胃旁路手术的肥胖患者的人体测量与糖代谢和心血管风险的相关性。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647328
Erica Aldenbäck, Hans-Erik Johansson

Abdominal obesity is associated with hypertension, increased fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol. Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to measure and define obesity and as inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been suggested to predict the amount of visceral fat, metabolic traits, and cardiometabolic risk superior to BMI. The aim was to test whether SAD has stronger correlations to glucometabolic traits compared to BMI. One hundred and fifty-five (108 women, 47 men) morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated before (baseline), 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). BMI was reduced from 43.7 kg/m2 (baseline) to 31.3 kg/m2 (12 months) and SAD from 32.6 to 23.2 cm (both p<0.001). SAD correlated with CRP (p=0.04), fasting glucose (p=0.008), HbA1c (p=0.016), triglycerides (p=0.017), systolic blood pressure (p=0.032), and vitamin D (p=0.027). BMI correlated with CRP (p=0.006), triglycerides (p=0.016), vitamin D (p=0.002), and magnesium (p=0.037). Despite RYGBP surgery, vitamin D was significantly increased. Liver enzymes were significantly lowered after RYGBP and the change over time in SAD correlated with gamma-glutamyltransferase. SAD was superior to BMI to predict glucose disturbance and dyslipidemia implying increased use of SAD as it is cost effective and simple to perform in the clinic and could be of value when considering patients for bariatric surgery.

腹部肥胖与高血压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白和胆固醇升高有关。身体质量指数(BMI)经常被用来衡量和定义肥胖,并作为减肥手术的纳入标准。矢状腹直径(SAD)被认为比BMI更能预测内脏脂肪的数量、代谢特征和心脏代谢风险。目的是测试与BMI相比,SAD是否与糖代谢特征有更强的相关性。155名(108名女性,47名男性)接受减肥手术的病态肥胖患者在Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术(RYGBP)前(基线)、6个月和12个月进行了评估。BMI从43.7 kg/m2(基线)降至31.3 kg/m2(12个月),SAD从32.6降至23.2 cm(均pp=0.04),空腹血糖(p=0.008)、糖化血红蛋白(p=0.016)、甘油三酯(p=0.017)、收缩压(p=0.032)和维生素D (p=0.027)。BMI与CRP (p=0.006)、甘油三酯(p=0.016)、维生素D (p=0.002)和镁(p=0.037)相关。尽管进行了RYGBP手术,维生素D仍显著增加。RYGBP后肝酶显著降低,SAD随时间的变化与γ -谷氨酰转移酶相关。SAD在预测血糖紊乱和血脂异常方面优于BMI,这意味着SAD的使用增加,因为它在临床中成本有效且操作简单,在考虑患者进行减肥手术时可能有价值。
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引用次数: 3
Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. 与超重和肥胖相关的大脑结构变化。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385
Erick Gómez-Apo, Alejandra Mondragón-Maya, Martina Ferrari-Díaz, Juan Silva-Pereyra
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题,具有广泛的合并症,如营养不良、代谢综合征、糖尿病、全身性高血压、心力衰竭和肾衰竭。本文综述了最近关于营养过剩引起的下丘脑炎症在神经变性中的作用的神经影像学和两项细胞密度研究的发现。这些研究提供了一致的证据,表明超重和肥胖的人皮层厚度较小或灰质体积减少;然而,研究的大脑区域在不同的研究中有所不同。通常,双侧额叶和颞叶区、基底核和小脑更常受累。体积减少的机制尚不清楚,肥胖引起的神经炎症可能导致神经元丢失。超重和肥胖个体的脂肪细胞、脂肪组织的巨噬细胞和肠道生态失调导致细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌,这些细胞因子和趋化因子会穿过血脑屏障,刺激小胶质细胞,而小胶质细胞又会释放促炎细胞因子。这导致慢性低度神经炎症,可能是凋亡信号传导和神经元死亡的重要因素。此外,在大鼠模型中观察到的明显微血管病变可能是诱导细胞凋亡的另一个重要机制。神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病)中的神经炎症可能与营养不良引起的代谢性疾病中的神经炎症相似。还讨论了肥胖个体的认知能力低下,主要是执行功能低下。这篇综述强调了与肥胖相关的神经炎症和神经退行性机制,并强调了为超重和肥胖个体制定有效的预防和治疗干预策略的重要性。
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引用次数: 40
Adulteration of the Herbal Weight Loss Products by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Antiobesity Medications: A Pilot Study. 非法添加合成抗肥胖药物对草药减肥产品的掺假:一项初步研究。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9968730
Farzin Firozian, Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi, Shirin Moradkhani, Miad Moulaei, Zohreh Fasihi, Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam

Background: Some anorexic agents are used to fraudulent augmentation herbal weight loss formulations. This study was designed to evaluate the potential existence of illicit substances in 63 herbal weight loss formulations collected from local apothecaries in Hamadan, Iran.

Methods: The thin-layer chromatography method was applied for the primary screening of potential illicit substances in the samples. The positive samples were analyzed using an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Results: The results showed that 26.98% of the samples contained 17.76 ± 6.02 mg/cap of sibutramine. Daily therapeutic dose intake of sibutramine is in the range of 5 to 15 mg daily.

Conclusion: Since apothecaries have advised consumers to take at least two capsules a day, it seems that the blood concentration of sibutramine will likely rise beyond the therapeutic concentration and become toxic. Therefore, the usage of such products could pose serious risks to consumers' health.

背景:一些厌食剂被用于欺骗性的增强草药减肥配方。这项研究旨在评估从伊朗哈马丹当地药剂师那里收集的63种草药减肥配方中是否存在非法物质。方法:采用薄层色谱法对样品中潜在的非法物质进行初步筛选。阳性样品采用等度高效液相色谱法进行分析。结果:26.98%的样品中含有17.76 ± 6.02 mg/cap西布曲明。西布曲明的每日治疗剂量摄入量在5至15的范围内 mg每日。结论:由于药剂师建议消费者每天至少服用两粒胶囊,血液中西布曲明的浓度似乎会超过治疗浓度并变得有毒。因此,使用此类产品可能对消费者的健康构成严重风险。
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引用次数: 7
Predictors of Weight Bias in Exercise Science Students and Fitness Professionals: A Scoping Review. 运动科学专业学生和健身专业人员体重偏倚的预测因素:范围综述。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-05 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597452
Lara Zaroubi, Tiffany Samaan, Angela S Alberga

Background: Although previous studies have reported weight bias among students and professionals in exercise science, physical education, kinesiology, and fitness instruction, predictors of weight bias in these professions have not been extensively reviewed.

Aim: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the available literature on predictors of weight bias in exercise science students and fitness professionals to identify key concepts and research gaps.

Methods: PubMed and ERIC were searched from January 1990 to May 2019. Eighteen studies were included in this review. A thematic analysis was conducted. Findings. Six main themes were drawn from these studies including beliefs in the personal controllability of weight; sex differences; enrollment in a health sciences-related program; psychosocial and personal factors; knowledge of obesity; lack of personal history, family, or friend with obesity. Our scoping review highlighted diverse predictors of weight bias among exercise science students and professionals that warrant further study and intervention.

背景:尽管先前的研究报道了运动科学、体育教育、运动机能学和健身指导领域的学生和专业人员的体重偏倚,但这些专业中体重偏倚的预测因素尚未得到广泛的审查。目的:本综述的目的是探索运动科学专业学生和健身专业人员体重偏倚预测因素的现有文献,以确定关键概念和研究空白。方法:检索1990年1月至2019年5月的PubMed和ERIC。本综述纳入了18项研究。进行了专题分析。发现。从这些研究中得出了六个主要主题,包括对个人体重可控性的信念;性别差异;注册健康科学相关课程;社会心理和个人因素;对肥胖的认识;没有个人、家庭或朋友有肥胖史。我们的范围回顾强调了运动科学学生和专业人士体重偏倚的不同预测因素,值得进一步研究和干预。
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引用次数: 5
The Relationship between Body Appreciation and Self-Esteem and Associated Factors among Omani University Students: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. 阿曼大学生身体欣赏与自尊的关系及相关因素:一项在线横断面调查。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-23 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523184
Atika Khalaf, Iman Al Hashmi, Omar Al Omari

Background: Given the rapid pace of globalization and the fact that the Sultanate of Oman is experiencing a significant impact of social media on specifying appearance norms among youth in the country, research into positive body images and self-esteem among young individuals has become a national priority. Whilst body image has been well studied across cultures, both positive body image and the relationship between positive body image and self-esteem among Omani youth have been neglected. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between positive body image and self-esteem and associated sociodemographic factors among Omani university students based on gender.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used an online survey consisting of the two questionnaires that are Body Appreciation Scale-2 and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A total of 237 students were recruited from Sultan Qaboos University's different colleges.

Results: The results indicated that positive body image has a significant relationship with an individual's self-esteem (β = 0.122, t = 2.197, p=0.038), Cumulative Grade Point Average (cGPA) (β = 0.140, t = 2.306, p=0.022), body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.414, t = -6.930, p < 0.001), monthly household income (β = -0.129, t = 2.467, p=0.029), and the number of social media accounts (≥2, β = -0.132, t = -2.232, p=0.027). In addition, an individual's self-esteem was significantly associated with an individual's cGPA (β = 0.231, t = 3.592, p < 0.001) and mothers' educational level (β = -0.130, t = -2.065, p=0.040) besides body appreciation (β = 0.160, t = 2.491, p=0.013).

Conclusions: The findings of this study shed light on the current status of positive body image among university students of Oman. In light of the new knowledge, we propose health interventions that include strategies such as involvement of family, to maintain and/or promote positive body image perceptions among young individuals and subsequently promote healthy appreciation of the physical appearance and self-esteem.

背景:考虑到全球化的快速步伐,以及阿曼苏丹国正在经历社交媒体对该国青年外表规范的重大影响,研究年轻人的积极身体形象和自尊已成为国家的优先事项。虽然身体形象在不同文化中得到了很好的研究,但阿曼年轻人的积极身体形象以及积极身体形象与自尊之间的关系都被忽视了。本研究旨在探讨阿曼大学生积极身体形象与自尊及相关社会人口学因素之间的关系。方法:采用横断面调查方法,采用身体欣赏量表-2和罗森博格自尊量表两份问卷进行在线调查。共有237名学生从苏丹卡布斯大学的不同学院招募。结果:积极身体形象与自尊(β = 0.122, t = 2.197, p=0.038)、累积平均绩点(cGPA) (β = 0.140, t = 2.306, p=0.022)、身体质量指数(BMI) (β = -0.414, t = -6.930, p < 0.001)、家庭月收入(β = -0.129, t = 2.467, p=0.029)、社交媒体账户数(≥2,β = -0.132, t = -2.232, p=0.027)有显著相关。此外,自尊与个人的cGPA (β = 0.231, t = 3.592, p < 0.001)、母亲的受教育程度(β = -0.130, t = -2.065, p=0.040)、身体欣赏(β = 0.160, t = 2.491, p=0.013)显著相关。结论:本研究结果揭示了阿曼大学生积极身体形象的现状。鉴于这些新知识,我们提出了包括家庭参与等策略在内的健康干预措施,以维持和/或促进年轻人对身体形象的积极看法,并随后促进对身体外表和自尊的健康欣赏。
{"title":"The Relationship between Body Appreciation and Self-Esteem and Associated Factors among Omani University Students: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Atika Khalaf,&nbsp;Iman Al Hashmi,&nbsp;Omar Al Omari","doi":"10.1155/2021/5523184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5523184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the rapid pace of globalization and the fact that the Sultanate of Oman is experiencing a significant impact of social media on specifying appearance norms among youth in the country, research into positive body images and self-esteem among young individuals has become a national priority. Whilst body image has been well studied across cultures, both positive body image and the relationship between positive body image and self-esteem among Omani youth have been neglected. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between positive body image and self-esteem and associated sociodemographic factors among Omani university students based on gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used an online survey consisting of the two questionnaires that are Body Appreciation Scale-2 and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A total of 237 students were recruited from Sultan Qaboos University's different colleges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that positive body image has a significant relationship with an individual's self-esteem (<i>β</i> = 0.122, <i>t</i> = 2.197, <i>p</i>=0.038), Cumulative Grade Point Average (cGPA) (<i>β</i> = 0.140, <i>t</i> = 2.306, <i>p</i>=0.022), body mass index (BMI) (<i>β</i> = -0.414, <i>t</i> = -6.930, <i>p</i> < 0.001), monthly household income (<i>β</i> = -0.129, <i>t</i> = 2.467, <i>p</i>=0.029), and the number of social media accounts (≥2, <i>β</i> = -0.132, <i>t</i> = -2.232, <i>p</i>=0.027). In addition, an individual's self-esteem was significantly associated with an individual's cGPA (<i>β</i> = 0.231, <i>t</i> = 3.592, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and mothers' educational level (<i>β</i> = -0.130, <i>t</i> = -2.065, <i>p</i>=0.040) besides body appreciation (<i>β</i> = 0.160, <i>t</i> = 2.491, <i>p</i>=0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study shed light on the current status of positive body image among university students of Oman. In light of the new knowledge, we propose health interventions that include strategies such as involvement of family, to maintain and/or promote positive body image perceptions among young individuals and subsequently promote healthy appreciation of the physical appearance and self-esteem.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39181414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Concomitant versus Delayed Cholecystectomy in Bariatric Surgery. 在减肥手术中合并胆囊切除术与延迟胆囊切除术的比较。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9957834
Hatem Elgohary, Mahmoud El Azawy, Mohey Elbanna, Hossam Elhossainy, Wael Omar

Background: Obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery have a close association with gallbladder disease. The performance and proper timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with bariatric surgery remain a clinical question.

Objective: Evaluation of the outcome of LC during bariatric surgery whether done concomitantly or delayed according to the level of intraoperative difficulty.

Methods: The prospective study included patients with morbid obesity between December 2018 and December 2019 with preoperatively detected gallbladder stones. According to the level of difficulty, patients were allocated into 2 groups: group 1 included patients who underwent concomitant LC during bariatric surgery, and group 2 included patients who underwent delayed LC after 2 months. In group 1, patients were further divided into subgroups: LC either at the beginning (subgroup A) or after bariatric surgery (subgroup B).

Results: Operative time in group 1 vs. 2 was 92.63 ± 28.25 vs. 68.33 ± 17.49 (p < 0.001), and in subgroup A vs. B, it was 84.19 ± 19.62 vs. 130.0 ± 31.62 (p < 0.001). One patient in each group (2.6% and 8.3%) had obstructive jaundice, p > 0.001. In group 2, 33% of asymptomatic patients became symptomatic for biliary colic p > 0.001. LC difficulty score was 2.11 ± 0.70 vs. 5.66 ± 0.98 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, p < 0.001. LC difficulty score decreased in group 2 from 5.66 ± 0.98 to 2.26 ± 0.78 after 2 months of bariatric surgery, p < 0.001.

Conclusion: Timing for LC during bariatric surgery is challenging and should be optimized for each patient as scheduling difficult LC to be performed after 2 months may be an option.

背景:减肥手术后的肥胖和体重减轻与胆囊疾病密切相关。腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与减肥手术的性能和适当的时机仍然是一个临床问题。目的:根据术中困难程度的不同,评价在减肥手术中同时进行或延迟进行LC的效果。方法:前瞻性研究纳入2018年12月至2019年12月期间术前检查出胆囊结石的病态肥胖患者。根据难易程度将患者分为两组:第一组为在减肥手术中同时行LC的患者,第二组为2个月后延迟行LC的患者。结果:1组和2组的手术时间分别为92.63±28.25和68.33±17.49 (p < 0.001), A组和B组的手术时间分别为84.19±19.62和130.0±31.62 (p < 0.001)。两组各有1例梗阻性黄疸(2.6%和8.3%),p > 0.001。在第二组中,33%的无症状患者出现胆绞痛症状(p > 0.001)。LC难度评分1组为2.11±0.70,2组为5.66±0.98,p < 0.001。减肥手术2个月后,LC难度评分由5.66±0.98降至2.26±0.78,p < 0.001。结论:减肥手术期间LC的时机是具有挑战性的,应该针对每个患者进行优化,因为计划在2个月后进行困难的LC可能是一种选择。
{"title":"Concomitant versus Delayed Cholecystectomy in Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Hatem Elgohary,&nbsp;Mahmoud El Azawy,&nbsp;Mohey Elbanna,&nbsp;Hossam Elhossainy,&nbsp;Wael Omar","doi":"10.1155/2021/9957834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9957834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery have a close association with gallbladder disease. The performance and proper timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with bariatric surgery remain a clinical question.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluation of the outcome of LC during bariatric surgery whether done concomitantly or delayed according to the level of intraoperative difficulty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective study included patients with morbid obesity between December 2018 and December 2019 with preoperatively detected gallbladder stones. According to the level of difficulty, patients were allocated into 2 groups: group 1 included patients who underwent concomitant LC during bariatric surgery, and group 2 included patients who underwent delayed LC after 2 months. In group 1, patients were further divided into subgroups: LC either at the beginning (subgroup A) or after bariatric surgery (subgroup B).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Operative time in group 1 vs. 2 was 92.63 ± 28.25 vs. 68.33 ± 17.49 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and in subgroup A vs. B, it was 84.19 ± 19.62 vs. 130.0 ± 31.62 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). One patient in each group (2.6% and 8.3%) had obstructive jaundice, <i>p</i> > 0.001. In group 2, 33% of asymptomatic patients became symptomatic for biliary colic <i>p</i> > 0.001. LC difficulty score was 2.11 ± 0.70 vs. 5.66 ± 0.98 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001. LC difficulty score decreased in group 2 from 5.66 ± 0.98 to 2.26 ± 0.78 after 2 months of bariatric surgery, <i>p</i> < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timing for LC during bariatric surgery is challenging and should be optimized for each patient as scheduling difficult LC to be performed after 2 months may be an option.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39162945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Lipid Accumulation Product Is More Related to Insulin Resistance than the Visceral Adiposity Index in the Maracaibo City Population, Venezuela. 在委内瑞拉马拉开波市的人群中,脂质累积产物与胰岛素抵抗的关系比内脏脂肪指数更密切。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-07 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5514901
Valmore Bermúdez, Juan Salazar, Jorge Fuenmayor, Manuel Nava, Ángel Ortega, Pablo Duran, Milagros Rojas, Roberto Añez, Alejandra Rivas-Montenegro, Lissé Angarita, Maricarmen Chacín, Clímaco Cano, Manuel Velasco, Joselyn Rojas

Background: Visceral adiposity is related to insulin resistance (IR), a metabolic state considered as a risk factor for other cardiometabolic diseases. In that matter, mathematical indexes such as the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the lipid accumulation product (LAP) could indirectly assess IR based on visceral adiposity.

Objective: To evaluate the association and diagnostic accuracy of VAI and LAP to diagnose IR in the adult population of Maracaibo city.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with multistage sampling. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to determine VAI and LAP cutoff points to predict IR. A set of logistic regression models was constructed according to sociodemographic, psychobiologic, and metabolic variables.

Results: 1818 subjects were evaluated (51.4% women). The area under the curve (AUC) values for LAP and VAI were 0.689 (0.665-0.714) and 0.645 (0.619-0.670), respectively. Both indexes showed a higher IR risk in the upper tertile in bivariate analysis. However, in the logistic regression analysis for the IR risk, only the 2nd (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.37-2.65; p < 0.01) and 3rd (OR: 5.40; 95% CI: 3.48-8.39; p < 0.01) LAP tertiles showed a significant increase. This behaviour was also observed after adjusting for hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CPR).

Conclusion: Although both indexes show a low predictive capacity in individuals with IR in the Maracaibo city population, the LAP index was more strongly associated with IR.

背景:内脏脂肪与胰岛素抵抗(IR)有关,胰岛素抵抗是一种代谢状态,被认为是其他心脏代谢疾病的风险因素。因此,内脏脂肪指数(VAI)和脂质累积乘积(LAP)等数学指标可根据内脏脂肪间接评估胰岛素抵抗:评估马拉开波市成人内脏脂肪指数(VAI)和脂质累积乘积(LAP)与内脏脂肪指数(VAI)和脂质累积乘积(LAP)之间的关联以及诊断内脏脂肪指数(IR)的准确性:这是一项采用多阶段抽样的横断面描述性研究。建立了接收者操作特征曲线(ROC),以确定预测 IR 的 VAI 和 LAP 临界点。根据社会人口学、心理生物学和代谢变量建立了一组逻辑回归模型:共评估了 1818 名受试者(51.4% 为女性)。LAP和VAI的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.689(0.665-0.714)和0.645(0.619-0.670)。在双变量分析中,这两个指数都显示出上三分层的 IR 风险较高。然而,在 IR 风险的逻辑回归分析中,只有 LAP 第 2(OR:1.91;95% CI:1.37-2.65;p <0.01)和第 3(OR:5.40;95% CI:3.48-8.39;p <0.01)个三分位数显示出显著增加。在对 hs-C 反应蛋白(hs-CPR)进行调整后,也观察到了这种行为:结论:在马拉开波市的人群中,虽然这两个指数对红外患者的预测能力都较低,但 LAP 指数与红外的相关性更强。
{"title":"Lipid Accumulation Product Is More Related to Insulin Resistance than the Visceral Adiposity Index in the Maracaibo City Population, Venezuela.","authors":"Valmore Bermúdez, Juan Salazar, Jorge Fuenmayor, Manuel Nava, Ángel Ortega, Pablo Duran, Milagros Rojas, Roberto Añez, Alejandra Rivas-Montenegro, Lissé Angarita, Maricarmen Chacín, Clímaco Cano, Manuel Velasco, Joselyn Rojas","doi":"10.1155/2021/5514901","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/5514901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral adiposity is related to insulin resistance (IR), a metabolic state considered as a risk factor for other cardiometabolic diseases. In that matter, mathematical indexes such as the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the lipid accumulation product (LAP) could indirectly assess IR based on visceral adiposity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association and diagnostic accuracy of VAI and LAP to diagnose IR in the adult population of Maracaibo city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with multistage sampling. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to determine VAI and LAP cutoff points to predict IR. A set of logistic regression models was constructed according to sociodemographic, psychobiologic, and metabolic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1818 subjects were evaluated (51.4% women). The area under the curve (AUC) values for LAP and VAI were 0.689 (0.665-0.714) and 0.645 (0.619-0.670), respectively. Both indexes showed a higher IR risk in the upper tertile in bivariate analysis. However, in the logistic regression analysis for the IR risk, only the 2nd (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.37-2.65; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and 3rd (OR: 5.40; 95% CI: 3.48-8.39; <i>p</i> < 0.01) LAP tertiles showed a significant increase. This behaviour was also observed after adjusting for hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CPR).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although both indexes show a low predictive capacity in individuals with IR in the Maracaibo city population, the LAP index was more strongly associated with IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8203405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39126711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual Health Determinants of Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Sexual Minority Men. 正常体重、超重和肥胖性少数群体男性的性健康决定因素。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1272316
Henrique Pereira

Background: With the growing recognition of overweight and obesity as significant, international public health concerns, the body of research investigating the relationship between body mass index (BMI), sexual health, and sexual functioning in sexual minority men is still scarce.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual health determinants (sexual behavior and sexual functioning) in relation to normal weight, overweight, and obesity among gay and bisexual men.

Methods and materials: The survey included four categories of questions/measurements, encompassing sociodemographic information, protected/unprotected sexual behaviors, sexual functioning, and BMI. The survey was conducted online, and recruitment consisted of online notifications (emails and electronic messages) and advertisements sent to LGBT community organizations, mailing lists, and social networks.

Results: The study sample was composed of 741 gay and bisexual men, ranging in age from 21 to 75 years (M age = 43.30, SDage = 11.37); 62.5% of men self-identified as gay and 37.5% as bisexual. Prevalence of normal weight was 50.3%, of overweight, 33.3%, and of obesity, 16.4%. Participants with overweight and obesity showed a lower frequency of anal receptive sex without condoms when scompared to participants with normal weight. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of BMI on sexual health showed that being younger in age, self-identifying as gay, being in a relationship, having longer penises, adopting insertive position in sex, and being normal weight were significant predictors of anal receptive sex without condoms, explaining 24.2% of the total variance. Yet, BMI was not predictive of sexual functioning.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of including BMI in sexual behavior models of sexual minority men to better understand BMI's role in influencing sexual risk.

背景:随着人们日益认识到超重和肥胖是重大的国际公共健康问题,调查性少数群体男性的体重指数(BMI)、性健康和性功能之间关系的研究仍然很少:本研究旨在评估同性恋和双性恋男性中与正常体重、超重和肥胖有关的性健康决定因素(性行为和性功能):调查包括四类问题/测量,涵盖社会人口学信息、受保护/无保护的性行为、性功能和体重指数。调查在网上进行,招募方式包括在线通知(电子邮件和电子信息)以及向 LGBT 社区组织、邮件列表和社交网络发送广告:研究样本由 741 名男同性恋者和双性恋者组成,年龄在 21 岁至 75 岁之间(平均年龄 = 43.30 岁,平均年龄 = 11.37 岁);62.5% 的男性自我认同为男同性恋者,37.5% 的男性自我认同为双性恋者。体重正常者占 50.3%,超重者占 33.3%,肥胖者占 16.4%。与体重正常的参与者相比,超重和肥胖的参与者在不使用安全套的情况下进行肛交的频率较低。为评估体重指数对性健康的影响而进行的层次多元回归分析表明,年龄较小、自我认同为同性恋、处于恋爱关系中、阴茎较长、在性爱中采取插入姿势以及体重正常是预测不戴安全套肛交的重要因素,占总变异的 24.2%。然而,体重指数并不能预测性功能:这些发现强调了将体重指数纳入性少数群体男性性行为模型的重要性,以更好地了解体重指数在影响性风险方面的作用。
{"title":"Sexual Health Determinants of Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Sexual Minority Men.","authors":"Henrique Pereira","doi":"10.1155/2021/1272316","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/1272316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the growing recognition of overweight and obesity as significant, international public health concerns, the body of research investigating the relationship between body mass index (BMI), sexual health, and sexual functioning in sexual minority men is still scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to assess sexual health determinants (sexual behavior and sexual functioning) in relation to normal weight, overweight, and obesity among gay and bisexual men.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>The survey included four categories of questions/measurements, encompassing sociodemographic information, protected/unprotected sexual behaviors, sexual functioning, and BMI. The survey was conducted online, and recruitment consisted of online notifications (emails and electronic messages) and advertisements sent to LGBT community organizations, mailing lists, and social networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample was composed of 741 gay and bisexual men, ranging in age from 21 to 75 years (<i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 43.30, SD<sub>age</sub> = 11.37); 62.5% of men self-identified as gay and 37.5% as bisexual. Prevalence of normal weight was 50.3%, of overweight, 33.3%, and of obesity, 16.4%. Participants with overweight and obesity showed a lower frequency of anal receptive sex without condoms when scompared to participants with normal weight. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of BMI on sexual health showed that being younger in age, self-identifying as gay, being in a relationship, having longer penises, adopting insertive position in sex, and being normal weight were significant predictors of anal receptive sex without condoms, explaining 24.2% of the total variance. Yet, BMI was not predictive of sexual functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of including BMI in sexual behavior models of sexual minority men to better understand BMI's role in influencing sexual risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25558798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Weight Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials. 中草药用于体重管理:随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-09 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3250723
Ann Rann Wong, Angela Wei Hong Yang, Kangxiao Li, Harsharn Gill, Mingdi Li, George Binh Lenon

Objective: This review investigated the effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas on weight management.

Methods: Eighteen databases in English, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese were searched from their inceptions to September 2019. The treatment groups included CHM formulations, and the control included placebo, Western medication (WM), and lifestyle intervention (LI), with or without cointerventions (WM and/or LI). Quality of studies was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) were analysed in RevMan v5.4.1 and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI), while adverse events were expressed as risk ratio with 95% CI.

Results: Thirty-nine RCTs were eligible for qualitative analysis, 34 of which were included in the meta-analyses. The majority of studies had a high or unclear risk of selection, performance, and detection bias. Twenty-five CHM studies involving cointerventions revealed that CHM had significant adjunct effects on body weight and BMI at the end of treatment compared to control. No serious adverse events were reported in the CHM groups.

Conclusion: CHM indicates a promising adjunct to facilitate WM or lifestyle change for weight management. However, methodological barriers such as lack of allocation concealment and double-blinding may have led to challenges in data synthesis. More rigorously designed RCTs involving cointerventions are warranted.

目的:综述中药配方对体重管理的作用及安全性。方法:检索自成立至2019年9月的18个英文、中文、韩文、日文数据库。治疗组包括中药制剂,对照组包括安慰剂、西药(WM)和生活方式干预(LI),有或没有联合干预(WM和/或LI)。使用Cochrane Collaboration的偏倚风险评估工具评估研究质量。体重和身体质量指数(BMI)在RevMan v5.4.1中进行分析,并以95%置信区间(CI)的平均差异表示,而不良事件以95% CI的风险比表示。结果:39项rct符合定性分析,其中34项纳入meta分析。大多数研究在选择、表现和检测偏差方面存在较高或不明确的风险。涉及联合干预的25项CHM研究显示,与对照组相比,CHM在治疗结束时对体重和BMI有显著的辅助作用。中西医结合治疗组未见严重不良事件发生。结论:CHM是一种很有前途的辅助手段,可以促进体重管理或改变生活方式。然而,缺乏分配隐藏和双盲等方法上的障碍可能导致数据综合方面的挑战。需要设计更严格的随机对照试验,包括联合干预。
{"title":"Chinese Herbal Medicine for Weight Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials.","authors":"Ann Rann Wong,&nbsp;Angela Wei Hong Yang,&nbsp;Kangxiao Li,&nbsp;Harsharn Gill,&nbsp;Mingdi Li,&nbsp;George Binh Lenon","doi":"10.1155/2021/3250723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3250723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review investigated the effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas on weight management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen databases in English, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese were searched from their inceptions to September 2019. The treatment groups included CHM formulations, and the control included placebo, Western medication (WM), and lifestyle intervention (LI), with or without cointerventions (WM and/or LI). Quality of studies was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) were analysed in RevMan v5.4.1 and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI), while adverse events were expressed as risk ratio with 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine RCTs were eligible for qualitative analysis, 34 of which were included in the meta-analyses. The majority of studies had a high or unclear risk of selection, performance, and detection bias. Twenty-five CHM studies involving cointerventions revealed that CHM had significant adjunct effects on body weight and BMI at the end of treatment compared to control. No serious adverse events were reported in the CHM groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CHM indicates a promising adjunct to facilitate WM or lifestyle change for weight management. However, methodological barriers such as lack of allocation concealment and double-blinding may have led to challenges in data synthesis. More rigorously designed RCTs involving cointerventions are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7964117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25513676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Measures of Adiposity and Risk of Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK Biobank Study. 英国生物库研究中的肥胖测量和SARS-CoV-2检测阳性的风险
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8837319
Rebecca A G Christensen, Shelby L Sturrock, Jasleen Arneja, Jennifer D Brooks

Objective: To assess if body mass index (BMI) and high waist circumference (HWC) are associated with testing positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: 9,386 UK Biobank study participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16th 2020 to June 29th 2020 were analyzed. A forward model building approach was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Analyses were stratified by age due to a significant first-order interaction between age and HWC.

Results: Approximately 17% (n = 1,577) of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. BMI category had a linear association with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among participants <65 years (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17). For participants ≥65 years, only obesity class II (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.74) had a significantly greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 than those who were underweight/normal weight. While HWC was not associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in those <65 years, having an HWC was associated with an increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in participants ≥65 years (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.27).

Conclusion: The associations of BMI and HWC with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 differed by age. Notably, HWC was associated with testing positive in those ≥65 years, but not those who were younger, independent of BMI. This suggests that measures of adiposity in addition to BMI may be used to identify older individuals at greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

目的:探讨身体质量指数(BMI)和高腰围(HWC)与新冠肺炎(SARS-CoV-2)检测阳性的相关性。方法:对2020年3月16日至2020年6月29日期间接受SARS-CoV-2检测的9386名英国生物银行研究参与者进行分析。采用正向模型构建方法估计调整风险比(RR)和95%置信区间(95% CI)。由于年龄和HWC之间存在显著的一级相互作用,因此分析按年龄分层。结果:大约17% (n = 1577)的参与者检测出SARS-CoV-2阳性。BMI类别与受试者中SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性呈线性相关(RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17)。对于年龄≥65岁的参与者,只有肥胖II类(RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.74)的SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性的风险显著高于体重不足/体重正常的参与者。而在这些人中,HWC与SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性无关(RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.27)。结论:BMI和HWC与SARS-CoV-2检测阳性的相关性因年龄而异。值得注意的是,在≥65岁的人群中,HWC与检测呈阳性相关,但与年轻人群无关,与BMI无关。这表明,除了BMI之外,还可以使用肥胖指标来识别更有可能检测出SARS-CoV-2阳性的老年人。
{"title":"Measures of Adiposity and Risk of Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK Biobank Study.","authors":"Rebecca A G Christensen, Shelby L Sturrock, Jasleen Arneja, Jennifer D Brooks","doi":"10.1155/2021/8837319","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/8837319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess if body mass index (BMI) and high waist circumference (HWC) are associated with testing positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>9,386 UK Biobank study participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16<sup>th</sup> 2020 to June 29<sup>th</sup> 2020 were analyzed. A forward model building approach was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Analyses were stratified by age due to a significant first-order interaction between age and HWC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 17% (<i>n</i> = 1,577) of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. BMI category had a linear association with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among participants <65 years (<i>RR</i> = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17). For participants ≥65 years, only obesity class II (<i>RR</i> = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.74) had a significantly greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 than those who were underweight/normal weight. While HWC was not associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in those <65 years, having an HWC was associated with an increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in participants ≥65 years (<i>RR</i> = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The associations of BMI and HWC with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 differed by age. Notably, HWC was associated with testing positive in those ≥65 years, but not those who were younger, independent of BMI. This suggests that measures of adiposity in addition to BMI may be used to identify older individuals at greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7841447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25333494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
期刊
Journal of Obesity
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