Journal of Obesity最新文献

Introduction: In recent decades, the developing countries of Southeast Asia, including the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), have experienced a rapid growth of their urban population. Partly as a result of that, issues of undernutrition and overnutrition became a significant public health problem.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related factors, among the school-attending adolescents in the Lao capital of Vientiane.

Methods: A cross-sectional data on 300 adolescents aged 15-19 were collected during the months of March, April, and May 2018 by means of a self-administrated questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data on height and weight. Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher exact tests, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied in the course of the statistical analysis.

Results: The study found a high prevalence of overweight/obesity (23.3%) and thinness (10.3%). Poor eating habits were noted in 67.0% of adolescents, even though 78.0% of them had a good knowledge of nutrition. Factors significantly associated with the overweight/obesity were low physical activities (aOR = 18.3; 95% CI: 5.51-60.66) and adolescents living with their guardians (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.79). Results also indicated that, in 47.3% of the cases, teachers, acting as a source of health and nutrition information, can prevent the risk of adolescents' overweight/obesity (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.11-3.80) but not their thinness (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.17-0.88).

Conclusions: Laotian adolescents are facing the spectrum of malnutrition in urban areas. To improve adolescents' nutritional status, there is a need for a collaborative approach of public health agencies that would address the issues of an effective food and nutrition policy. The school curricula should also include programs on nutrition and physical education.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/5903621.].

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) in older obese subjects (>60 years of age) has risen in the past decade and will continue to rise in the coming years due to ageing of the population.

Aim: To evaluate the short- (12 months) and long-term (60 months) results of laparoscopic sleeve gastroscopy (LSG) in patients older than age 60.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients prospectively included in a database from January 2007 to December 2013. All patients >60 [older group (OG)] who had undergone LSG were included. The control group (CG) included patients aged 50 to 59 years who had undergone LSG during the same period.

Results: 116 (8.4 % of total surgery) and 145 patients were included in the OG and CG, respectively. BS in patients >60 years increased from 2.4% in 2003 to 14% in the last 2 years of the study. After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis, all absolute standardized differences were <0.15. A 60-month follow-up was attained in 90% of patients in the OG and 74% in the CG. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups. At 12 and 60 months after LSG, both groups achieved a similar body mass index. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of resolution of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and SAHS between the two groups. In both groups, all the nutritional parameters evaluated remained within the normal range throughout the study.

Conclusions: LSG provides acceptable outcomes and is safe in older adults indicating that age should not be a limitation to perform BS in this population.

Background: Abnormal body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) has become a major global public health problem which is rising at a faster rate in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence gradually increases. Long-distance truckers are at a high risk of developing overweight or obesity due to the sedentary nature of their job. Despite these populations at a high risk of developing overweight/obesity such as drivers elsewhere, pieces of data that showed the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among long-distance truckers in Ethiopia are not yet available.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among long-distance truckers in Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 systematically selected truckers at Modjo dry port in Ethiopia from February to March, 2018. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The final results were presented in tables and numerical summary measures such as mean and standard deviation (SD).

Results: Of the 400 truckers interviewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 56.5%, 95% CI (51.6%-61.4%). The study also found that a monthly income ≥220 USD (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.05-3.18)), having 3 or more family sizes (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI (1.15-4.36)), less than 6 hours of sleep at night (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI (1.99-5.78)), driving for 9 or more hours daily (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.09-4.81)), and a truck driving experience of 10 or more years (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI (1.29-4.18)) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity.

Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was substantially high. The study also found that sociodemographic and occupational factors are mainly associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, a health education program should be designed for awareness creation on the importance of reducing a sedentary lifestyle, consuming healthy foods or drinks, and having regular physical exercise to mitigate the problem.

Attempts have been made to estimate body fat using anthropometry, and most of them are country-specific. This study was designed to develop and cross-validate anthropometric predictive equations to estimate the total body fat percentage (TBFP) of Sri Lankan adult women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Galle, Sri Lanka, with two groups: Group A (group for equation development) and Group B (cross-validation group) (n = 175 each) of randomly selected healthy adult women aged 30-60 years. TBFP (%) was quantified with total body DXA (TBFP_DXA). Height (m), weight (kg), and skinfold thickness (SFT, mm) at six sites and circumferences (cm) at five sites were measured. In the first step, four anthropometric equations were developed based on the data obtained from multiple regression analyses (TBFP_DXA = dependent variable and anthropometric measurements and age = independent variables) with Group A. They were developed on the basis of circumferences (TBFP1), SFTs (TBFP2), circumferences and SFTs (TBFP3), and highly significant circumferences and SFTs (r ≥ 0.6) (TBFP4). In the second step, the newly developed equations were cross-validated using Group B. Three equations (TBFP1, TBFP2, and TBFP4) showed the agreement with cross-validation criteria. There were no differences between TBFP_DXA and TBFP estimated by these equations (p > 0.05). They showed higher measurement concordance with TBFP_DXA; correlation between measured TBFP with DXA and estimated with TBFP1, TBFP2, and TBFP4, respectively, was 0.80 (R ² = 0.65, SEE = 3.10), 0.83 (R ² = 0.69, SEE = 2.93), and 0.84 (R ² = 0.72, SEE = 2.78). Three anthropometric measurements based on predictive equations were developed and cross-validated to satisfactorily estimate the TBFP in adult women.

Background: Studies of developmental origins of health and disease have highlighted the possible role of intrauterine hyperglycaemia, increasing the future risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. There is limited evidence from South Asian populations for risk estimates for childhood obesity that are attributable to maternal diabetes in utero.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) and anthropometric parameters in the offspring at 10-11 years of age.

Methods: A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. In the first stage, children born in 2005 were identified, and the availability of antenatal records was assessed. In the second stage, the exposure status of participants was ascertained based on antenatal records and predefined criteria. In the third stage, height, weight, waist circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT) of eligible participants were measured to ascertain the outcome status. Background characteristics were collected by interviewing mothers. A 24-hour dietary recall and a 3-day diet diary were recorded.

Results: 159 children of mothers with HIP (exposed) and 253 children of mothers with no HIP (nonexposed) participated. Mean ages (SD) of exposed and unexposed groups were 10.9 (0.3) and 10.8 (0.3) years, respectively. The median BMI (17.6 vs 16.1, p < 0.001), waist circumference (63 cm vs 59.3 cm, p < 0.001), and triceps skinfold thickness (13.7 mm vs 11.2 mm, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the exposed group. Offspring of women with HIP were more likely to be overweight (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-4.9) and have abdominal obesity (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.5) and high TSFT (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.06-4.7) at 10-11 years than children who were not exposed after adjusting for maternal BMI, maternal age at delivery, and birth order.

Conclusions: Intrauterine exposure to HIP is a significant determinant of overweight, high TSFT, and abdominal obesity in the offspring.

The purpose of this study was to develop a qualitative and socioculturally tailored systems model of childhood obesity in the Chinese American community in Manhattan's Chinatown. We utilized group model building (GMB) methodology as a form of participatory systems modeling. The study was conducted in Manhattan's Chinatown community. We recruited 16 Chinese American adults from the community. GMB workshops engendered a causal loop diagram (CLD), the visualization of a complex systems model illustrating the structures, feedbacks, and interdependencies among socioculturally specific pathways underlying childhood obesity, in Manhattan's Chinatown community. The analysis of CLD revealed that participants considered the following factors to influence childhood obesity: (1) traditional social norms affecting body image, how children are raised, parental pressure to study, and trust in health of traditional foods; (2) grandparents' responsibility for children; (3) limited time availability of parents at home; and (4) a significant amount of children's time spent indoors. GMB represents a novel method to understand the complexity of childhood obesity in culturally specific populations and contexts. The study identified sociocultural subsystems that may underlie the development and perpetuation of childhood obesity among Chinese American children. Insights from the study can be useful in the design of future empirical studies and interventions.

Purpose: To better understand the inverse association between altitude and adult obesity.

Methods: An ecological study design was used, involving 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States. Data were from several national sources, and assessment involved various statistical techniques, including multiple regression analysis.

Results: Living in counties at higher altitude is associated with lower adult obesity. Compared with counties <500 meters, the percent of adult obesity decreases by 5.18% at 500-999 meters, 9.69% at 1,000-1,499 meters, 16.77% at 1,500-1,999 meters, 24.14% at 2,000-2,499 meters, and 35.28% at ≥2,500 meters. After adjusting for physical inactivity, smoking, and other variables, corresponding decreases in adult obesity with higher altitude groupings are 3.87%, 5.64%, 8.03%, 11.41%, and 17.54%, respectively. Various mechanisms are presented as possible explanations for the association between higher altitude and lower obesity. In addition, altitude may indirectly influence adult obesity, primarily through its relationship with physical inactivity and smoking. In an adjusted regression model, adult obesity was most strongly associated with physical inactivity followed by adult smoking and then altitude. Together they explain 39.04% of the variation in adult obesity. After accounting for these variables, sunlight, precipitation, ambient air temperature, education, income, food insecurity, limited access to healthy foods, race, sex, and rural living explain an additional 4.68% of the variation in adult obesity.

Conclusions: The inverse association between altitude and adult obesity remains significant after adjustment for several variables.