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Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in Brazilian Adult Women: Temporal Comparison of Repeated Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys. 巴西成年女性的体重指数和肥胖患病率:基于人口的重复性横断面调查的时间比较。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9950895
Anderson Garcez, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Fernanda Souza de Bairros, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto

Background: Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence between two cross-sectional samples of Brazilian women. Furthermore, retrospective assessments of lifetime body weight changes were explored. Methods: Two independent population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2003 (first survey) and 2015 (second survey) with women living in the urban area city in southern Brazil. Both surveys had a similar design and included 981 women aged 20-60 years. Mean BMI and the presence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were estimated. Additionally, lifetime body weight change was obtained for the retrospective longitudinal assessment. Results: After 12 years, there was a significant increase from 25.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 to 28.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2 in mean BMI. Between 2003 and 2015, the prevalence of obesity increased by 73% (18.0%; 95% CI: 15.8-20.6 vs. 31.2%; 95% CI: 28.3-34.1; p < 0.001). The means of estimated cumulative body weight gain from 15 to 50 years were 15.2 kg (95% CI: 13.3-17.1) and 17.2 kg (95% CI: 15.5-18.9) in 2003 and 2015, respectively; the greater cumulative difference between the two periods was observed at 40 years of age (3.3 kg). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the mean BMI and prevalence of obesity between 2003 and 2015. Moreover, women experienced higher body weight gain during their lives in both survey periods, mainly in early adulthood.

背景:肥胖症是一种复杂的多因素疾病,与较高的发病率和死亡率有关。研究目的本研究旨在比较巴西女性两个横断面样本的体重指数(BMI)变化和肥胖症患病率。此外,还对终生体重变化的回顾性评估进行了探讨。调查方法分别于 2003 年(第一次调查)和 2015 年(第二次调查)对居住在巴西南部城市地区的女性进行了两次独立的人口横断面调查。两次调查的设计相似,共包括 981 名 20-60 岁的女性。调查估算了平均体重指数和肥胖程度(体重指数≥ 30 kg/m2)。此外,在回顾性纵向评估中还获得了终生体重变化情况。结果显示12 年后,平均体重指数从 25.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 显著增至 28.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2。2003 年至 2015 年间,肥胖率增加了 73%(18.0%;95% CI:15.8-20.6 vs. 31.2%;95% CI:28.3-34.1;p <0.001)。2003年和2015年,从15岁到50岁的估计累积体重增加的平均值分别为15.2千克(95% CI:13.3-17.1)和17.2千克(95% CI:15.5-18.9);两个时期的累积差异在40岁时(3.3千克)较大。结论2003 年至 2015 年期间,平均体重指数和肥胖率均有明显增加。此外,在这两个调查期间,女性在一生中体重增加较多,主要是在成年早期。
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引用次数: 0
Overweight and Obesity Among In-School Children and Adolescents (5-19 Years) in Ghana: A Scoping Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors. 加纳在校儿童和青少年(5-19 岁)超重和肥胖症:加纳在校儿童和青少年(5-19 岁)超重和肥胖症:患病率和风险因素范围审查》。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8895265
Mustapha Amoadu, Paul Obeng, Jones Abekah Baah, Philomina Acquah, Godfred Cobbinah, Mary Aku Ogum, Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Edward Wilson Ansah

Overweight and obesity are linked to the severity of infections and the development of chronic conditions among children and adolescents in Ghana. Hence, estimating the current prevalence and its determinants is imperative to guide public health interventions. This review mapped evidence on the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among in-school children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) in Ghana. Three main databases (PubMed, Central, and JSTOR) were searched for studies conducted in Ghana. Also, the study included only studies published online between 2010 and 2022. The search produced 1214 records, with an additional 23 identified through a search conducted in Google, Google Scholar, the WHO library, HINARI, and institutional repositories. After a thorough screening, 24 records were synthesized. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among the 23,663 in-school children and adolescents in Ghana was 0.5%-47.06%. Females have higher odds of being overweight than males. In addition, lack of nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge and low participation in school sports and physical activities exposed in-school children and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. Consumption of unhealthy foods, late bed, smoking, loneliness, watching television, and playing computer games exposed schoolchildren and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. There are relatively high levels of overweight and obesity among school-going children and adolescents in Ghana. Addressing sex gaps in PA, ensuring healthy eating, and limiting sedentary lifestyles is the surest way to promote healthy weight among in-school children and adolescents in Ghana.

超重和肥胖与加纳儿童和青少年感染的严重程度和慢性病的发展有关。因此,估算目前的发病率及其决定因素对于指导公共卫生干预措施至关重要。本综述对加纳在校儿童和青少年(5-19 岁)超重和肥胖的流行率及其决定因素的证据进行了分析。研究人员在三个主要数据库(PubMed、Central 和 JSTOR)中搜索了在加纳进行的研究。此外,该研究仅包括 2010 年至 2022 年间在线发表的研究。搜索结果产生了 1214 条记录,通过在 Google、Google Scholar、WHO 图书馆、HINARI 和机构资料库中进行搜索,又发现了 23 条记录。经过全面筛选后,综合了 24 条记录。加纳 23663 名在校儿童和青少年的超重/肥胖率为 0.5%-47.06%。女性超重的几率高于男性。此外,加纳的在校儿童和青少年缺乏营养和体育活动(PA)知识,很少参加学校运动和体育活动,这些都是导致超重和肥胖的原因。食用不健康食品、晚睡、吸烟、孤独、看电视和玩电脑游戏也是加纳在校儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的原因。加纳学龄儿童和青少年的超重和肥胖率相对较高。解决 PA 方面的性别差距、确保健康饮食和限制久坐不动的生活方式是促进加纳在校儿童和青少年健康体重的最可靠方法。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Variations in AMPK, FOXO3A, and POMC Increase the Risk of Extreme Obesity. AMPK、FOXO3A 和 POMC 的基因变异会增加极度肥胖的风险。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3813621
Cinthia Vila Nova Santana, Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno, Adauto Versiani Ramos, Maria Angélica Rios, Valéria Cristina Sandrim, Luiz Armando De Marco, Débora Marques de Miranda, Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva

Objective: Genetic variability significantly impacts metabolism, weight gain, and feeding behaviors, predisposing individuals to obesity. This study explored how variations in key genes related to obesity-FOXO3A (forkhead box O3), AMPK (protein kinase AMP-activated), and POMC (proopiomelanocortin)-are associated with extreme obesity (EOB). Methods: We conducted a case-control study with 251 EOB patients and 212 healthy controls with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2. We genotyped 10 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using TaqMan-based assays. Results: Four SNVs-rs1536057 in FOXO3A, rs103685 in AMPK, rs934778, and rs6545975 in POMC-were associated with an increased risk of EOB. The strongest association was observed with rs934778 (POMC), which had a maximum odds ratio (OR) of 5.26 (95% CI: 2.86-9.09). While these genetic variations are closely linked to EOB, they do not affect serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, BMI, or waist circumference. Conclusions: These findings indicate that factors beyond traditional metabolic pathways, potentially related to feeding behavior or hormonal regulation, may also link these genetic variations to obesity. Further research in a larger sample is essential to validate these findings and explore their potential to guide clinical interventions and public health strategies.

目的基因变异对新陈代谢、体重增加和进食行为有重大影响,易导致肥胖。本研究探讨了与肥胖有关的关键基因--FOXO3A(叉头盒 O3)、AMPK(蛋白激酶 AMP-活化)和 POMC(原髓皮质素)的变异如何与极度肥胖(EOB)相关。研究方法我们对 251 名 EOB 患者和 212 名体重指数(BMI)低于 25 kg/m2 的健康对照者进行了病例对照研究。我们使用基于 TaqMan 的检测方法对 10 个单核苷酸变异体 (SNV) 进行了基因分型。结果显示FOXO3A 中的四个 SNVs-rs1536057、AMPK 中的 rs103685、rs934778 和 POMC 中的 rs6545975 与 EOB 风险增加有关。其中,rs934778(POMC)的关联性最强,其最大比值比 (OR) 为 5.26(95% CI:2.86-9.09)。虽然这些基因变异与 EOB 密切相关,但它们并不影响血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、体重指数或腰围。结论:这些研究结果表明,传统代谢途径之外的因素(可能与进食行为或激素调节有关)也可能将这些基因变异与肥胖联系在一起。要验证这些发现并探索其指导临床干预和公共卫生策略的潜力,必须在更大样本中开展进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Microarray Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obese Women Reveals Common Crossroads Among Inflammation, Metabolism, Addictive Behaviors, and Cancer: AKT3 and MAPK1 Cross Point in Obesity. 对肥胖女性内脏脂肪组织的芯片分析揭示了炎症、新陈代谢、成瘾行为和癌症之间的共同交叉点:肥胖症中 AKT3 和 MAPK1 的交叉点。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4541071
Rolando Martínez-Romero, Susana Aideé González-Chávez, Victor Roberto Urías-Rubí, Víctor Manuel Gómez-Moreno, Manlio Favio Blanco-Cantero, Héctor Mario Bernal-Velázquez, Arturo Luévano-González, César Pacheco-Tena

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) abnormalities are directly associated with obesity-associated disorders. The underlying mechanisms that confer increased pathological risk to VAT in obesity have not been fully described. Methods: A case-control study was conducted that included 10 women with obesity (36.80 ± 7.39 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 10 women of normal weight (32.70 ± 9.45 years, BMI < 24.9 kg/m2). RNA was extracted from greater omentum biopsies, and, using a DNA microarray, differential transcriptomic expression of VAT in women with obesity was evaluated taking as a reference that of women with normal weight. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into functional biological processes and signaling pathways; moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were integrated for a deeper analysis of the pathways and genes involved in the central obesity-associated disorders. The expression of TNF-α, MAPK, and AKT proteins was also quantified in VAT. Results: The VAT of women with obesity had 3808 DEGs, mainly associated with the cellular process of inflammation and carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Overexpressed genes were associated with inflammatory, metabolic, hormonal, neuroendocrine, carcinogenic, and infectious pathways. Cellular processes related to addictive behaviors were notable. MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways were overexpressed, and Mapk1 and Akt3 genes were common crossing points among obesity-associated disorders' pathways. The increased expression of MAPK, AKT, and TNF proteins was confirmed in the VAT of women with obesity. Conclusion: VAT confers a complex and blended pathogenic transcriptomic profile in obese patients, where abnormal processes are mainly controlled by activating intracellular signaling pathways that exhibit a high degree of redundancy. Identifying shared cross points between those pathways could allow specific targeting treatments to exert a widespread effect over multiple pathogenic processes.

背景:内脏脂肪组织(VAT)异常与肥胖相关疾病直接相关。肥胖症患者内脏脂肪组织病理风险增加的内在机制尚未完全阐明。研究方法进行了一项病例对照研究,其中包括 10 名肥胖女性(36.80 ± 7.39 岁,体重指数≥ 30 kg/m2)和 10 名体重正常女性(32.70 ± 9.45 岁,体重指数< 24.9 kg/m2)。从大网膜活检组织中提取 RNA,并以体重正常的女性为参照,使用 DNA 微阵列评估肥胖女性 VAT 的差异转录组表达。差异表达基因(DEGs)被归类为功能性生物过程和信号通路;此外,还整合了蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,以深入分析与肥胖相关的中心性疾病有关的通路和基因。此外,还量化了VAT中TNF-α、MAPK和AKT蛋白的表达。结果显示肥胖症妇女的血管内皮细胞中有 3808 个 DEGs,主要与炎症、碳水化合物和脂质代谢的细胞过程有关。高表达基因与炎症、代谢、激素、神经内分泌、致癌和感染途径有关。与成瘾行为有关的细胞过程值得注意。MAPK和PI3K-AKT通路过度表达,Mapk1和Akt3基因是肥胖相关疾病通路的共同交叉点。肥胖妇女的血管内皮细胞中证实了 MAPK、AKT 和 TNF 蛋白表达的增加。结论肥胖症患者的增值血管具有复杂和混合的致病转录组特征,其异常过程主要受激活的细胞内信号通路控制,这些通路表现出高度的冗余性。确定这些通路之间的共同交叉点可使特定的靶向治疗对多个致病过程产生广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Delayed Gut Colonization Changes Future Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Gene Expression but Not Adiposity in Obese Mice. 延迟肠道定植会改变肥胖小鼠未来的胰岛素抵抗和肝脏基因表达,但不会改变脂肪含量。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5846674
Maria B B Ebert, Caroline M J Mentzel, Anders Brunse, Lukasz Krych, Camilla H F Hansen

Objective: The importance of early microbial dysbiosis in later development of obesity and metabolic disorders has been a subject of debate. Here we tested cause and effect in mice.

Methods: Germ-free male Swiss Webster mice were colonized in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) facility at 1 week (1W) and 3 weeks (3W) of age. They were challenged with a high-fat diet and their responses were compared with SPF mice. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, RNA sequencing of the liver was performed on additional 3W and SPF mice on a regular chow diet.

Results: There were no significant differences in weight, food consumption, epididymal fat weight, HbA1c levels, and serum insulin and leptin, whereas the early germ-free period resulted in mice with impaired glucose tolerance. Both the 1W and 3W group peaked 56% (p < 0.05) and 66% (p < 0.01) higher in blood glucose than the SPF control group, respectively. This was accompanied by a 45% reduction in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the 1W mice (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the gut microbiota between the groups, indicating that all mice colonized fully after the germ-free period. Marked effects on hepatic gene expression (728 differentially expressed genes with adjusted p < 0.05 and a fold change ± 1.5) suggested a potential predisposition to a higher risk of developing insulin resistance in the 3W group.

Conclusions: Lack of microbes early in life had no impact on adiposity but led to insulin resistance and altered liver gene expression related to glucose metabolism in mice. The study strongly supports the notion that microbial signaling to the liver in the beginning of life can alter the host's risk of developing metabolic disorder later in life.

目的:早期微生物菌群失调对日后肥胖症和代谢紊乱的重要影响一直是一个争论的话题。在此,我们对小鼠的因果关系进行了测试:无菌雄性瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠在1周龄(1W)和3周龄(3W)时在无特定病原体(SPF)设施中定植。它们接受高脂肪饮食挑战,并将其反应与 SPF 小鼠进行比较。通过 16S rRNA 基因测序分析了肠道微生物群。此外,还对其他 3W 小鼠和以普通饲料为食的 SPF 小鼠的肝脏进行了 RNA 测序:结果:小鼠的体重、食量、附睾脂肪重量、HbA1c水平、血清胰岛素和瘦素没有明显差异,而早期无菌期导致小鼠糖耐量受损。与 SPF 对照组相比,1W 和 3W 组的血糖峰值分别高出 56% (p < 0.05) 和 66% (p < 0.01)。与此同时,1W 组小鼠的抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 水平降低了 45%(p < 0.05)。各组之间的肠道微生物群没有差异,这表明所有小鼠在无菌期后都完全定植。对肝脏基因表达的明显影响(728个差异表达基因,调整后的p < 0.05,折合变化± 1.5)表明,3W组小鼠可能有更高的胰岛素抵抗风险:结论:小鼠在生命早期缺乏微生物不会对脂肪产生影响,但会导致胰岛素抵抗和与葡萄糖代谢相关的肝脏基因表达改变。这项研究有力地支持了这样一种观点,即生命初期向肝脏发出的微生物信号可改变宿主日后患上代谢紊乱的风险。
{"title":"Delayed Gut Colonization Changes Future Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Gene Expression but Not Adiposity in Obese Mice.","authors":"Maria B B Ebert, Caroline M J Mentzel, Anders Brunse, Lukasz Krych, Camilla H F Hansen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5846674","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5846674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The importance of early microbial dysbiosis in later development of obesity and metabolic disorders has been a subject of debate. Here we tested cause and effect in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Germ-free male Swiss Webster mice were colonized in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) facility at 1 week (1W) and 3 weeks (3W) of age. They were challenged with a high-fat diet and their responses were compared with SPF mice. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, RNA sequencing of the liver was performed on additional 3W and SPF mice on a regular chow diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in weight, food consumption, epididymal fat weight, HbA1c levels, and serum insulin and leptin, whereas the early germ-free period resulted in mice with impaired glucose tolerance. Both the 1W and 3W group peaked 56% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 66% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in blood glucose than the SPF control group, respectively. This was accompanied by a 45% reduction in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the 1W mice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no differences in the gut microbiota between the groups, indicating that all mice colonized fully after the germ-free period. Marked effects on hepatic gene expression (728 differentially expressed genes with adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05 and a fold change ± 1.5) suggested a potential predisposition to a higher risk of developing insulin resistance in the 3W group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lack of microbes early in life had no impact on adiposity but led to insulin resistance and altered liver gene expression related to glucose metabolism in mice. The study strongly supports the notion that microbial signaling to the liver in the beginning of life can alter the host's risk of developing metabolic disorder later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship of Mitochondrial DNA Oxidation and Content with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity Phenotypes. 线粒体 DNA 氧化和含量与肥胖表型中代谢综合征和心血管风险的关系。
IF 3.8 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3008093
Mailén Rojo, Hernán Pérez, Andrea Liliana Millán, María Constanza Pautasso, Gustavo Daniel Frechtel, Gloria Edith Cerrone

Objective: Obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress can influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidation level and content of mtDNA and its relationship with metabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) compared to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and normal weight (NW) controls.

Materials and methods: We studied 94 NW, 95 MHO, and 97 MUO individuals between 18 and 80 years old. Relative mtDNA content and mtDNA oxidation level (8-oxoguanine, 8-OxoG) were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by the SYBR Green method of real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics, as well as mtDNA content and 8-OxoG.

Results: A progressive decrease in mtDNA content was observed between NW, MHO, and MUO with significant differences in MUO vs. NW (p: 0.04). An increase in 8-OxoG was observed in MUO patients compared to the other groups (MUO vs. MHO p: 0.01; MUO vs. NW p: 0.04). mtDNA content was directly correlated with HDL-c (p < 0.01) and inversely with waist circumference (p: 0.01) and LDL-c (p: 0.05). mtDNA content decreased, and the oxidation level increased concomitantly with the presence of obesity, the number of MS components, higher coronary risk, and insulin resistance parameters.

Conclusion: MHO presented a similar mtDNA oxidation level to NW and mtDNA content to the MUO, placing the MHO individuals as having an intermediate phenotype. Changes in mtDNA content and oxidation were correlated to the lipid profile related to obesity and/or MS presence, probably associated with oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation.

目的:肥胖、慢性炎症和氧化应激可影响线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)含量:肥胖、慢性炎症和氧化应激会影响线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)的含量。我们的目的是评估代谢健康肥胖(MHO)与代谢不健康肥胖(MUO)和正常体重(NW)对照组相比,线粒体 DNA 的氧化水平和含量及其与代谢参数的关系:我们研究了 94 名 NW、95 名 MHO 和 97 名 MUO,他们的年龄在 18 岁至 80 岁之间。采用 SYBR Green 实时 PCR 法测定外周血白细胞中相对 mtDNA 含量和 mtDNA 氧化水平(8-氧鸟嘌呤,8-OxoG)。采用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 检验比较生化、临床和人体测量特征以及 mtDNA 含量和 8-OxoG:结果:NW、MHO 和 MUO 之间的 mtDNA 含量呈逐渐下降趋势,MUO 与 NW 相比差异显著(p:0.04)。与其他组相比,在 MUO 患者中观察到 8-OxoG 增加(MUO vs. MHO p:0.01;MUO vs. NW p:0.04)。mtDNA 含量与 HDL-c 直接相关(p < 0.01),与腰围(p:0.mtDNA含量的降低和氧化水平的升高与肥胖的存在、MS成分的数量、较高的冠状动脉风险和胰岛素抵抗参数有关:MHO的mtDNA氧化水平与NW相似,mtDNA含量与MUO相似,因此MHO个体属于中间表型。mtDNA含量和氧化的变化与肥胖和/或多发性硬化症相关的血脂谱有关,可能与氧化应激和慢性低度炎症有关。
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引用次数: 0
Beneficial Effects of Capybara Oil Supplementation on Steatosis and Liver Apoptosis in Obese Mice. 补充卡巴巴拉油对肥胖小鼠脂肪变性和肝细胞凋亡的有益影响
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7204607
Luciana Lontro Alves, Priscila Gomes Pereira, Bianca Torres Ciambarella, Miguel Porto Campos, Kíssila Rabelo, Ana Lúcia Rosa Nascimento, Raíssa Leal de Carvalho Dos Santos Cunha, Cherley Borba Vieira Andrade, Alan Cesar Nunes Moraes, Andressa Bernardi, Fernanda Verdini Guimarães, Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva, Jorge José de Carvalho

Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by excess body fat (adipose) that is harmful to health and has been a major global health problem. It may be associated with several diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are lipid mediators that have anti-inflammatory characteristics and can be found in animals and plants, with capybara oil (CO) being a promising source. So, we intend to evaluate the hepatic pathophysiological alterations in C57Bl/6 mice with NAFLD, caused by obesity, and the possible beneficial effects of OC in the treatment of this disease. Eighteen 3-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice received a control or high-fat diet for 18 weeks. From the 15th to the 18th week, the animals received treatment-through orogastric gavage-with placebo or free capybara oil (5 g/kg). Parameters inherent to body mass, glucose tolerance, evaluation of liver enzymes, percentage of hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, the process of cell death with the apoptotic biomarkers (Bax, Bcl2, and Cytochrome C), and the ultrastructure of hepatocytes were analyzed. Even though the treatment with CO was not able to disassemble the effects on the physiological parameters, it proved to be beneficial in reversing the morphological and ultrastructural damage present in the hepatocytes. Thus, demonstrating that CO has beneficial effects in reducing steatosis and the apoptotic pathway, it is a promising treatment for NAFLD.

肥胖症是一种复杂的慢性疾病,其特点是体内脂肪(脂肪)过多,对健康有害,已成为全球主要的健康问题。它可能与多种疾病相关,如非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是一种具有抗炎特性的脂质介质,可在动物和植物中发现,其中水豚油(CO)是一种很有前景的来源。因此,我们打算评估由肥胖引起的 C57Bl/6 小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的肝脏病理生理变化,以及 OC 在治疗这种疾病方面可能产生的有益影响。18只3个月大的雄性C57Bl/6小鼠接受了18周的对照组或高脂肪饮食。从第 15 周到第 18 周,动物通过口腔灌胃接受安慰剂或游离毛冠豚油(5 克/千克)的治疗。对体重、葡萄糖耐量、肝酶评估、肝脏脂肪变性百分比、氧化应激、细胞凋亡生物标志物(Bax、Bcl2 和细胞色素 C)的细胞死亡过程以及肝细胞的超微结构等固有参数进行了分析。尽管使用一氧化碳处理无法消除对生理参数的影响,但事实证明,一氧化碳有利于逆转肝细胞中存在的形态学和超微结构损伤。因此,一氧化碳对减少脂肪变性和细胞凋亡途径有好处,是治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的一种有前途的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Association between BMI Change, Transaminases, and Other Metabolic Parameters in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 非酒精性脂肪肝儿童的体重指数变化、转氨酶和其他代谢参数之间的关系
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6997280
Alvaro G. Flores Lopez, Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira, Elizabeth Lyden, Brooke McGill, Chinenye R. Dike
Background. Weight loss and lifestyle interventions are the mainstay of treatment in pediatric NAFLD. There are gaps in the literature on the objective improvement in BMI to meaningfully impact NAFLD in children. Aim. To determine the decrease in BMI associated with a significant decline in ALT and other metabolic parameters. Methods. Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with the diagnosis of NAFLD. Data were collected at the baseline and 6 and 12 months. A linear regression model was used to assess the percent change in BMI predictive of change in ALT and other metabolic parameters. Results. 281 charts were included. 71% of patients who had up to a 2.5% loss in BMI at 6 months had a decrease in ALT of up to 10 U/L compared to 43% patients who did not have a decrease in BMI up to 2.5% loss at the same time period (P=0.01). The linear regression model showed that 6-month and 12-month percent changes in BMI are predictive of 6-month and 12-month ALT changes (P=0.01 and 0.02), respectively. ALT normalization was achieved on 12% of patients with a ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months compared to 1% of patients that had no decrease of ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months (P=0.01). The mean BMI Z-score decline was 0.18 (P=0.001) in the group with a ≥2.5% decrease in BMI at 6 months. Conclusions. BMI loss of up to 2.5% and the mean BMI Z-score 0.18 are associated with a significant decrease in ALT of up to 10 U/L. BMI percent change at 6 months and 12 months is predictive of changes in ALT. These results should help guide providers in clinical practice set objective goals for the management of children with NAFLD resulting from obesity.
背景。减肥和生活方式干预是治疗小儿非酒精性脂肪肝的主要方法。关于如何客观地改善体重指数,从而对儿童非酒精性脂肪肝产生有意义的影响,文献中还存在空白。研究目的确定 BMI 下降与 ALT 和其他代谢参数显著下降的相关性。方法。对确诊为非酒精性脂肪肝的儿童患者进行回顾性病历审查。收集基线、6 个月和 12 个月的数据。采用线性回归模型评估 BMI 百分比变化对 ALT 和其他代谢参数变化的预测作用。结果共纳入 281 份病历。在 6 个月时体重指数下降达 2.5% 的患者中,71% 的患者的谷丙转氨酶下降达 10 U/L,而同期体重指数下降未达 2.5% 的患者中,43% 的患者的谷丙转氨酶下降达 10 U/L(P=0.01)。线性回归模型显示,6 个月和 12 个月的 BMI 百分比变化可预测 6 个月和 12 个月的 ALT 变化(P=0.01 和 0.02)。12% 的患者在 6 个月时 BMI 下降≥2.5%,而 1% 的患者在 6 个月时 BMI 没有下降≥2.5%(P=0.01)。在6个月时体重指数下降≥2.5%的组别中,平均体重指数Z值下降了0.18(P=0.001)。结论BMI下降达2.5%和平均BMI Z-score为0.18与ALT显著下降达10 U/L有关。6 个月和 12 个月的 BMI 百分比变化可预测 ALT 的变化。这些结果应有助于指导临床实践中的医疗服务提供者为肥胖导致的非酒精性脂肪肝患儿制定客观的管理目标。
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引用次数: 0
The Burden of Obesity in Cardiac Surgery: A 14 years’ Follow-Up of 14.754 Patients 肥胖给心脏外科手术带来的负担:对 14754 名患者长达 14 年的跟踪调查
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5564810
Alexander Beckmann, Maximilian Poehlmann, Patrick Mayr, Markus Krane, Johannes Boehm
Aims. The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing during the past decades. While previous research has focused on the early outcome after cardiac surgery or specific complications, the current study covers the whole burden of obesity in the field of cardiac surgery over short term and long term. Endpoints of the study were all-cause mortality, perioperative outcome, and wound-healing disorders (WHDs). Methods. 14.754 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery over a 14 years’ time period were analyzed. BMI classifications were used according to the WHO definition. Results. Mean survival was 11.95 years ± 0.1; CI 95% [12.04–12.14]. After adjustment for clinical baseline characteristics, obesity classes’ I–III (obesity) did not affect 30-day mortality or all-cause mortality during the whole observational period. After adjustment for known risk factors, the risk for WHDs doubled at least in obesity patients as follows: obesity I (OR = 2.06; CI 95% [1.7–2.5]; p<0.0001), obesity II (OR = 2.5; CI 95% [1.83–3.41]; p<0.0001), and obesity III (OR = 4.12; CI 95% [2.52–6.74]; p<0.0001). The same applies to the risk for sternal reconstruction that is substantially elevated in obesity I (OR = 2.23; CI 95% [1.75–2.83]; p<0.0001), obesity II (OR = 2.81; CI 95% [1.91–4.13]; p<0.0001), and obesity III (OR = 2.31; CI 95% [1.08–4.97]; p=0.03). No significant correlation could be found between obesity and major adverse events in the perioperative course like renal failure, ventilation >24 h, re-exploration, or cerebrovascular events. Conclusions. Cardiac surgery is safe in obesity as short- and long-term mortality are not increased, and major adverse events during the perioperative course are similar to control patients. The burden of obesity lies in substantially increased rates of wound-healing disorders and sternal reconstructions.
目的过去几十年来,肥胖症的发病率迅速上升。以往的研究侧重于心脏手术后的早期结果或特定并发症,而目前的研究则涵盖了肥胖在心脏手术领域的短期和长期总体负担。研究的终点是全因死亡率、围手术期结果和伤口愈合障碍(WHDs)。研究方法对 14 年间连续接受心脏手术的 14754 名患者进行了分析。根据世界卫生组织的定义对体重指数(BMI)进行分类。结果平均生存期为 11.95 年 ± 0.1;CI 95% [12.04-12.14]。在对临床基线特征进行调整后,在整个观察期内,肥胖等级I-III(肥胖)并不影响30天死亡率或全因死亡率。在对已知风险因素进行调整后,肥胖患者发生 WHD 的风险至少增加一倍,具体如下:肥胖 I(OR = 2.06;CI 95% [1.7-2.5];P24 h)、再次探查或脑血管事件。结论:肥胖症患者接受心脏手术是安全的。肥胖症患者接受心脏手术是安全的,因为短期和长期死亡率不会增加,围手术期的主要不良事件与对照组患者相似。肥胖症的负担在于伤口愈合障碍和胸骨重建的发生率大幅增加。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Review on Weight Gain following Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity 停用胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂治疗肥胖症后体重增加问题综述
IF 3.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8056440
Ibrahim Abdullah bin Ahmed
Obesity is considered the leading public health problem in the medical sector. The phenotype includes overweight conditions that lead to several other comorbidities that drastically decrease health. Glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) initially designed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had demonstrated weight loss benefits in several clinical trials. In vivo studies showed that GLP-1RA encourages reduced food consumption and consequent weight reduction by stimulating brown fat and enhancing energy outlay through the action of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) pathways. Additionally, GLP-1RAs were found to regulate food intake through stimulation of sensory neurons in the vagus, interaction with the hypothalamus and hindbrain, and through inflammation and intestinal microbiota. However, the main concern with the use of GLP-1RA treatment was weight gain after withdrawal or discontinuation. We could identify three different ways that could lead to weight gain. Potential factors might include temporary hormonal adjustment in response to weight reduction, the central nervous system's (CNS) incompetence in regulating weight augmentation owing to the lack of GLP-1RA, and β-cell malfunction due to sustained exposure to GLP-1RA. Here, we also review the data from clinical studies that reported withdrawal symptoms. Although the use of GLP-1RA could be beneficial in multiple ways, withdrawal after years has the symptoms reversed. Clinical studies should emphasize the downside of these views we highlighted, and mechanistic studies must be carried out for a better outcome with GLP-1RA from the laboratory to the bedside.
肥胖症被认为是医学界最主要的公共健康问题。肥胖症的表型包括超重,超重会导致其他一些并发症,从而大大降低健康水平。最初设计用于治疗 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)的胰高血糖素样受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)在多项临床试验中显示出减肥功效。体内研究表明,GLP-1RA 通过刺激棕色脂肪,并通过交感神经系统(SNS)的作用途径提高能量消耗,从而促进食物消耗量的减少,进而减轻体重。此外,研究还发现 GLP-1RA 可通过刺激迷走神经的感觉神经元、与下丘脑和后脑相互作用以及通过炎症和肠道微生物群来调节食物摄入量。然而,使用 GLP-1RA 治疗的主要问题是停药或停药后体重增加。我们可以找出三种可能导致体重增加的不同方式。潜在的因素可能包括因体重减轻而出现的暂时性激素调整、中枢神经系统(CNS)因缺乏 GLP-1RA 而无法调节体重增加,以及因持续暴露于 GLP-1RA 而导致的 β 细胞功能失调。在此,我们还回顾了报告戒断症状的临床研究数据。虽然使用 GLP-1RA 在多个方面都有益处,但多年后停药会导致症状逆转。临床研究应强调我们所强调的这些观点的弊端,并且必须开展机理研究,以便从实验室到床边都能更好地使用 GLP-1RA。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Obesity
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