Journal of Obesity最新文献

Purpose: The primary objective of the present investigation was to identify 10-year weight gain patterns in 13,802 US adults and also to determine the extent that differences in 10-year weight gains were associated with the key demographic variables: age, sex, and race.

Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and included the years 2011-2018. Data for 2019-2020 were not available because of COVID. A multistage random sampling strategy was employed. Specifically, individual sample weights and randomly selected clusters and strata were used with each statistical model, allowing the results to be generalized to the US adult population.

Results: Mean (±SE) 10-year weight gain was 4.2 ± 0.2 kg or 6.6 ± 0.2% of initial body weight. A total of 51% of the participants gained 5% or more body weight, 36% gained 10% or more, and 16% gained 20% or more across the 10-years. Age was linearly and inversely associated with 10-year weight gain, expressed in kg (F = 166.4, P < 0.0001) or percent weight gain (F = 246.9, P < 0.0001), after adjusting for sex and race. For each 1-year increase in age, 10-year weight gain decreased by 0.20 ± 0.02 kg and 0.28 ± 0.02 percent. After adjusting for age and race, 10-year weight gain (kg) was significantly greater (F = 73.6, P < 0.0001) in women (5.4 ± 0.3) than in men (2.6 ± 0.2). Weight gain also differed across races, kg (F = 27.7, P < 0.0001) and % (F = 28.5, P < 0.0001). Non-Hispanic Blacks gained more weight and NH Asians gained less weight than the other races.

Conclusion: Without question, 10-year weight gain is a serious problem within the US adult population. Younger adults, women, and Non-Hispanic Blacks, particularly Black women, seem to experience the highest levels of 10-year weight gain. Consequently, obesity and weight gain prevention programs focusing on these at-risk individuals should be a public health priority.

Background: Obesity and eating disorders are increasing in occidental countries and can undermine physical and psychological health. Therefore, preventing the insurgency of unhealthy eating habits in childhood is fundamental. Parents can play an important role in assisting pediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists in the diagnosis of eating disorders because they have an active role in observing and assessing the quality of their children's eating habits.

Methods: In our study, we collected data from a sample of children (n = 125) and their parents (n = 161) without symptoms related to eating disorders. Parents assessed the eating habits, behavior problems, and mental health of their children and parental stress. In addition, we measured body mass index, anxiety, and lifestyle in children. Data were analyzed with bivariate correlation and MIMIC models.

Results: Both mothers' and fathers' assessments of children's eating habits are reliable. Unhealthy eating habits are connected with children's behavioral problems and parental stress. We did not find significant differences in feeding styles and ways of assessing the quality of eating habits between mothers and fathers. Our study showed greater sensitivity of mothers toward the physical fitness of their children rather than fathers.

Conclusions: Mothers and fathers both proved to be good observers of their children's eating behavior, and they could cooperate with medical and psychological operators in preventing the risk of obesity.

Background: Obesity has become a significant public health issue worldwide, and it is a major risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Middle East region and different countries in this region.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases were searched from 2000-2020 to identify relevant studies in the Middle East area. The survey was carried out using combinations of Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) keywords like "body mass index", "obesity", "overweight", "prevalence", "Middle-East", and "Countries in the Middle East area". Analysis of the data was done using STATA-14, and a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence.

Results: A total of 101 studies with 698905 participants have been identified that met inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Middle East area were 21.17 (95% CI: 17.05-26.29) and 33.14 (95% CI: 26.87-40.87), respectively. The findings showed that obesity prevalence increased with age so that the highest prevalence of obesity and overweight was observed in people >40 years old. Obesity prevalence in the Middle East area remained steady between 2000-2006 and 2014-2020 (23%). During these time intervals, the prevalence of overweight decreased from 34.83 (95% CI: 32.40-37.45) to 32.85 (95% CI: 31.39-34.38).

Conclusions: Despite the relative stabilization of the overweight and obesity trend in the Middle East, current interventions to combat the overweight epidemic need to be maintained and strengthened because the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this region is still very high. The prevalence of obesity increases with age so that people over 40 have the highest percentage of obesity and overweight. Therefore, implementing intervention programs to prevent and control obesity and overweight in the Middle East is essential.

The determinants of body composition are likely to vary geographically due to the diversity of genetic and environmental factors between populations. Age-related trends in body composition in a population help understanding the health issues that are linked with different body compartments. In general, such studies are scarce in the South Asian region and this cross-sectional study examined the age-related trends in body composition in a selected group of healthy women aged 20-80 years in Sri Lanka. The study included randomly selected 784 healthy women aged 20-80 years from the Southern province, Sri Lanka. Women were divided into five age groups: 20-29 years (n = 79), 30-39 years (n = 144), 40-49 years (n = 185), 50-59 years (n = 281), and ≥60 years (n = 85). Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD, g/cm²), total body bone mineral content (TBBMC, g), total body fat mass (TBFM, kg), and total body lean mass (TBLM, kg) were measured with central-type dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test was performed. The age-related trends of TBBMD and TBBMC were similar with a peak in 40-49-year age group. Between 50 and 59 and ≥60 age categories, TBBMD and TBBMC showed a rapid decline: 16% and 23%, respectively. The rate of TBBMD decline was 0.008 g/cm² per year after 50 years. TBFM increased by 14% between age categories 20-29 and 40-49 years and remained unchanged after 49 years. TBLM increased by 15% between age groups 20-29 and 40-49 years and then decreased by 13% between age categories 50-59 and ≥60 years. Of the 13% decrease in TBLM after 50 years, 9% loss occurred after 59 years. The trends observed help to understand the occurrence of diseases linked with body composition.

Introduction: Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass (LOAGB) is a relatively new procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity and related comorbidities. On average, this procedure results in good postoperative weight loss with a low complication rate. Recent publications suggest that dumping syndrome and weight regain might be reduced by placing a silicone ring over the gastric pouch during the procedure, so called laparoscopic banded one anastomosis gastric bypass (LBOAGB).

Methods: 86 patients undergoing LBOAGB between 2018 and 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Hospital records were used to assess weight loss, comorbidity resolution, and any complications either in the short or medium term.

Results: 54 Female and 32 male patients were included with a mean age of 43 years (25-64), preoperative body mass index of 42 kg/m² (35-49), and preoperative weight of 114 kg (86-162). Thirty-four patients presented with type 2 diabetes (39.5%), 42 patients (49%) diagnosed with hypertension, 24 presented with OSAS (28%), and 21 (24%) hypercholesterolaemia patients were included. In total, 36 patients were diagnosed with multiple comorbidities. The operative data showed an average operative time of 48 minutes with 3.4% of patients suffering from early (minor) complications and 2.3% with a late (minor) complication. One patient required reoperation due to intra-abdominal bleeding. The median length of hospital stay was 2.5 days. Median follow-up was 18 months (5-36). In that period, no patient required ring removal or conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Food intolerance/vomiting was present in 1 patient (1.1%), bile reflux was present in 1 patient (1.1%), and no stomal ulcers were observed. Mean % excess weight loss at 12 and 24 months was 72% and 80%, respectively. Fifty-two out of 86 patients (60%) had a complete resolution of comorbidities. A CONUT score >2 (mild malnutrition) was found in 40% of patients, while a CONUT score 0-1 was found in 60% of patients.

Conclusion: LBOAGB shows promising results in terms of safety and efficacy in the short term. Further prospective studies will be required to evaluate the consistency of the results in the long term.

Background. Obesity is a global health problem of epidemic proportions, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue (AT) mass and significant repercussions in different body apparati and systems. AT is a special connective tissue, which contains several types of cells, in addition to adipocytes, and is a highly active endocrine and immune organ, which directly modulates many processes, including energy balance, metabolism, and inflammation. Summary. In this paper, the authors list and attempt to answer in a brief and simple way several questions regarding the complex relationships between obesity, adipose tissue, and inflammation, with the objective to provide an easy way to understand the main changes that occur in this pathological state. The questions are the following: Is adipose tissue only made up of adipocytes? Are adipocytes just a reservoir of free fatty acids? Do different types of fatty tissue exist? If so, which types? Can we further subcategorize the types of adipose tissue? Is it possible to form new adipocytes during adulthood? What is the role of inflammation? What is the role of macrophages? Are macrophages central mediators of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance? What causes macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue? What is the role of hypoxia in AT alterations? Is there cross talk between adipocytes and immune cells? What other changes occur in AT in obesity? Does metabolically healthy obesity really exist? Is this a benign condition? Key messages. Obesity is a complex disease with numerous metabolic consequences, which are mainly the result of dysfunction that occurs in the adipose tissue of patients with this pathology. Understanding the pathophysiology of AT and the changes that occur in obesity would contribute to a better approach to patients with obesity, with the inherent medical implications that could result from this.

Background: Over the last few years, the importance of leptin in energy metabolism has been extensively studied in both animal models and in humans. Very few results are available on the association between human leptin gene (LEP) variants and obesity traits in India. We designed this study to analyse the polymorphisms in human leptin gene and the association of sequence variants with obesity among the population in Kerala, South India.

Methods: In this case-control design of 148 study participants, data were collected on socioeconomic aspects and anthropometric measurements. Plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and lipid profile were measured. Genotyping was done by automated DNA sequencing.

Results: The common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of 5'-UTR of LEP - 2548G/A was found to be present in the study population with "A" variant as dominant allele. A novel synonymous mutation Thr5Thr of exon 2 of LEP was identified in heterozygous form in one subject with morbid obesity with hyperleptinemia. A novel missense mutation Phe17Leu was observed in two subjects with obesity in heterozygous condition. A novel missense mutation Lys36Arg in exon 2 of LEP was observed in one subject with abdominal obesity and decreased serum leptin level.

Conclusion: LEP - 2548G/A at 5'-untranslated region was found to be common with the mutant "A" variant in the study population. SNPs of exons in LEP were found to be rare but associated with morbid obesity and altered levels of serum leptin in the study population in Kerala, India.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/8837319.].