Thalia Arianda, Putri Rezqita, P. Pudyani, N. Rosyida, A. Alhasyimi
Introduction: The cocoa effect on osteoblast activity during orthodontic tooth movement remains unknown. To analyze the effect of caffeine in cocoa on osteoblast counts and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: The subjects used in this study were 24 male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 2.5–3 months. They were divided into treatment and control groups (n =1 2). A three-spin stainless steel coil spring with a 35 cN orthodontic force was stabilized on the maxillary incisors. The rats in the treatment group were given 4.8 g of cocoa powder with 2.7 mg of caffeine. All the subjects were euthanized in four consequent time periods (0, 1, 7, and 14 days), and tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Osteoblasts were observed and counted under a light microscope with an Optilab camera at 400× magnification. ALP levels were examined through ELISA. Data were analyzed through two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc test. Results: Significant differences were observed in the control and treatment groups and the time of observing osteoblast count and ALP levels (P < 0.05). Osteoblast counts and ALP levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Caffeine in cocoa might inhibit osteoblast activities by decreasing ALP levels and osteoblast count.
{"title":"Effect of Cocoa Administration on Osteoblast Counts and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats","authors":"Thalia Arianda, Putri Rezqita, P. Pudyani, N. Rosyida, A. Alhasyimi","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_51_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_51_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The cocoa effect on osteoblast activity during orthodontic tooth movement remains unknown. To analyze the effect of caffeine in cocoa on osteoblast counts and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: The subjects used in this study were 24 male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 2.5–3 months. They were divided into treatment and control groups (n =1 2). A three-spin stainless steel coil spring with a 35 cN orthodontic force was stabilized on the maxillary incisors. The rats in the treatment group were given 4.8 g of cocoa powder with 2.7 mg of caffeine. All the subjects were euthanized in four consequent time periods (0, 1, 7, and 14 days), and tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Osteoblasts were observed and counted under a light microscope with an Optilab camera at 400× magnification. ALP levels were examined through ELISA. Data were analyzed through two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc test. Results: Significant differences were observed in the control and treatment groups and the time of observing osteoblast count and ALP levels (P < 0.05). Osteoblast counts and ALP levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Caffeine in cocoa might inhibit osteoblast activities by decreasing ALP levels and osteoblast count.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Magesh, R. Aravindhan, MSathya Kumar, A. Sivachandran
Introduction: Oral cavity contains a plethora of microorganisms. These microorganisms have shown both beneficence and maleficence. The most common disease affecting the oral cavity not only to the human being but also for the animals was dental caries that are proved to have multi-bacterial origin. Bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans), S.sanguis and Lactobacillus fermentum plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, the crude extract of sargassum wightii is tested for its antibacterial efficacy against the S.mutants. Materials and Methods: The brown seaweed S. wightii was collected from the Gulf of Mannar. The samples were cut into small pieces and shade dried for five days. After drying, the samples were grounded and stored. Stock solution was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. The organic extract of the seaweed S. wightii was assayed for the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans using agar diffusion method and the result was compared with the positive control sample (Ampicillin). Results: Stock solution of S.wightii used in this study was prepared in the following grades 500, 750, and 1000 μg. It was found that zone of inhibition increased steadily as the concentration of the extract increased. Highest inhibition zone of about 23 mm was found out at the concentration of 1000 μg, whereas the control showed 38 mm. Result showed the definite antibacterial activity of S.wightii even with the crude extract. Conclusion: Majority of the treatment and preventive approaches for dental caries are based on the use of synthetic antibiotics and chemicals. Their excessive use leads to alterations in the oral and intestinal microbiome, development of resistance and other undesirable side effects. The use of natural resources or products has proven to be copious source of biologically active compounds.
{"title":"Antibacterial Efficacy of the Extract of Sargassum Wightii Against Oral Pathogen − An In Vitro Study","authors":"K. Magesh, R. Aravindhan, MSathya Kumar, A. Sivachandran","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_80_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_80_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral cavity contains a plethora of microorganisms. These microorganisms have shown both beneficence and maleficence. The most common disease affecting the oral cavity not only to the human being but also for the animals was dental caries that are proved to have multi-bacterial origin. Bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans), S.sanguis and Lactobacillus fermentum plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, the crude extract of sargassum wightii is tested for its antibacterial efficacy against the S.mutants. Materials and Methods: The brown seaweed S. wightii was collected from the Gulf of Mannar. The samples were cut into small pieces and shade dried for five days. After drying, the samples were grounded and stored. Stock solution was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. The organic extract of the seaweed S. wightii was assayed for the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans using agar diffusion method and the result was compared with the positive control sample (Ampicillin). Results: Stock solution of S.wightii used in this study was prepared in the following grades 500, 750, and 1000 μg. It was found that zone of inhibition increased steadily as the concentration of the extract increased. Highest inhibition zone of about 23 mm was found out at the concentration of 1000 μg, whereas the control showed 38 mm. Result showed the definite antibacterial activity of S.wightii even with the crude extract. Conclusion: Majority of the treatment and preventive approaches for dental caries are based on the use of synthetic antibiotics and chemicals. Their excessive use leads to alterations in the oral and intestinal microbiome, development of resistance and other undesirable side effects. The use of natural resources or products has proven to be copious source of biologically active compounds.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46844917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_172_20
D. Tusharbhai, M. Baliga, Aananya Mishra
Introduction: Although extraction of an impacted lower third molar is a routine procedure, postoperative morbidities typically include swelling, pain, and trismus that increase patient suffering postoperatively. The appliance of Kinesio tape (KT) improves the blood and lymph flow, removing congestions of lymphatic fluid and hemorrhages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the application of KT on postoperative swelling, trismus, and pain thereby improving the patient condition and well-being. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with surgical removal of third molars were enrolled and randomized into two treatment groups (with/without KT). The tape was applied immediately after surgery and removed on fifth postoperative day. Facial swelling was measured using a five-line measurement at six specific time points. Pain scores were assessed using a visual analog scale, and mouth opening ability was assessed by means of calipers. The data were analyzed and compared using an independent sample t test. Results: The application of KT significantly reduced postoperative swelling, pain, and trismus. Moreover, patients with KT showed a considerably lower morbidity rate. Conclusion: The application of KT is a self-effacing, less traumatic, economical approach, which is free from an adverse reaction and improves patients’ quality of life. Besides, it can be seen as an adjunct/alternative to steroids or supplementary medications.
{"title":"Versatility of Kinesio-Taping in Postoperative Swelling, Pain, and Trismus After Surgical Removal of Impacted Lower Third Molars","authors":"D. Tusharbhai, M. Baliga, Aananya Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_172_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_172_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although extraction of an impacted lower third molar is a routine procedure, postoperative morbidities typically include swelling, pain, and trismus that increase patient suffering postoperatively. The appliance of Kinesio tape (KT) improves the blood and lymph flow, removing congestions of lymphatic fluid and hemorrhages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the application of KT on postoperative swelling, trismus, and pain thereby improving the patient condition and well-being. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with surgical removal of third molars were enrolled and randomized into two treatment groups (with/without KT). The tape was applied immediately after surgery and removed on fifth postoperative day. Facial swelling was measured using a five-line measurement at six specific time points. Pain scores were assessed using a visual analog scale, and mouth opening ability was assessed by means of calipers. The data were analyzed and compared using an independent sample t test. Results: The application of KT significantly reduced postoperative swelling, pain, and trismus. Moreover, patients with KT showed a considerably lower morbidity rate. Conclusion: The application of KT is a self-effacing, less traumatic, economical approach, which is free from an adverse reaction and improves patients’ quality of life. Besides, it can be seen as an adjunct/alternative to steroids or supplementary medications.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) regulate pharyngeal airway volume. Forward displacement of mandibular repositioning appliances has advantage over an improvement of pharyngeal airway space and a change in the hyoid bone position. This study aims to assess the changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in growing individuals with retrognathic mandible treated with Fixed Twin Block (FTB) and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) to correct the skeletal Class II pattern. Materials and Methods: 40 skeletal Class II pattern patients were included in the study, to assess the pharyngeal airway space at three levels, upper pharyngeal width (UPW), middle pharyngeal width (MPW), and lower pharyngeal width (LPW). Hyoid bone measurements were Vertical dimension H-HOR and Horizontal dimension was H- VER. The study patients were divided into three groups and in each group 20 patients. Group-A treated with FTB appliance and Group-B treated with Forsus FRD appliance and Group C served as control group. At pre and post functional treatment condition, lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Results: Cephalometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the mean change of MPW (P = 0.005) between the FTB and the control group. There was significant, mean change seen of pre, post UPW, mean change of MPW over groups (P<0.01). Statistical significant difference was noted in the mean change of mandibular corpus length over groups and also when compared with FTB-Control (P<0.01). A significant difference in the mean change of the mandibular unit length, premandibular corpus length over the groups was noted. Conclusion: The FTB appliance was more effective in correcting the skeletal class II malocclusion as compared to the Forsus FRD appliance and therefore, there was marked improvement in the oropharyngeal airway dimensions (UPW, MPW) and hyoid bone displacement (anterior and superior).
{"title":"Assessment of Airway Dimensions and Hyoid Bone Position in Class II Patients Treated with Fixed Twin Block and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device − A Retrospective Cephalometric Study","authors":"Neel Dedhiya, Tejashri Pradhan, Aarti Sethia","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_36_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_36_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) regulate pharyngeal airway volume. Forward displacement of mandibular repositioning appliances has advantage over an improvement of pharyngeal airway space and a change in the hyoid bone position. This study aims to assess the changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in growing individuals with retrognathic mandible treated with Fixed Twin Block (FTB) and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) to correct the skeletal Class II pattern. Materials and Methods: 40 skeletal Class II pattern patients were included in the study, to assess the pharyngeal airway space at three levels, upper pharyngeal width (UPW), middle pharyngeal width (MPW), and lower pharyngeal width (LPW). Hyoid bone measurements were Vertical dimension H-HOR and Horizontal dimension was H- VER. The study patients were divided into three groups and in each group 20 patients. Group-A treated with FTB appliance and Group-B treated with Forsus FRD appliance and Group C served as control group. At pre and post functional treatment condition, lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Results: Cephalometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the mean change of MPW (P = 0.005) between the FTB and the control group. There was significant, mean change seen of pre, post UPW, mean change of MPW over groups (P<0.01). Statistical significant difference was noted in the mean change of mandibular corpus length over groups and also when compared with FTB-Control (P<0.01). A significant difference in the mean change of the mandibular unit length, premandibular corpus length over the groups was noted. Conclusion: The FTB appliance was more effective in correcting the skeletal class II malocclusion as compared to the Forsus FRD appliance and therefore, there was marked improvement in the oropharyngeal airway dimensions (UPW, MPW) and hyoid bone displacement (anterior and superior).","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_155_20
R. Thavarajah, A. Mohandoss, K. Ranganathan
Introduction: Home confinement (HC) due to Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) creates changes in family dynamics. A survey tool was developed based on existing tools to measure the changes in family attachment, bonding, changeability, and interaction during HC. The aim was to capture the changes in family well-being in a defined cohort of dentists and observe the role of sociodemographic factors in such a change. Material and Methods: A new tool “home containment mediated family improvement index (HCMFII)” was developed, pretested, and used for measuring the changes in family well-being. The survey intended to capture the basic demographic details along with HCMFII. This was developed as a Google form and circulated among Indian dentists for 72 hours from 29 May to 1 June. Descriptive statistics, measures of association, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify the difference between the demographic factors and HCMFII scores. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Result: In the 72 hours, 213 Indian dentists completed the survey. Of them, 37 (17.4%) had negative HCMFII scores, 56 (26.3) in neutral, and 120 (56.3%) with a positive outlook during HC compared to pre-COVID-19 situation. The mean HCMFII score was 53.9 ± 14. Age (P = 0.02), marital status (P < 0.00), children (P < 0.001), and income (P = 0.01) were significant factors influencing the scores. Discussion and Conclusion: A new tool to capture familial well-being in chrono-environment in presented. One of the two dentists perceived better family well-being, whereas one of the four perceived no change. Cause of concern is that one of the eight dentists still continue to have more disagreement-discordance than before HC and lesser family well-being. Extension of this index study would help to gauge the family well-being during HC and institute better modes of familial engagement to change the course of the pandemic.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Family Well-Being","authors":"R. Thavarajah, A. Mohandoss, K. Ranganathan","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_155_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_155_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Home confinement (HC) due to Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) creates changes in family dynamics. A survey tool was developed based on existing tools to measure the changes in family attachment, bonding, changeability, and interaction during HC. The aim was to capture the changes in family well-being in a defined cohort of dentists and observe the role of sociodemographic factors in such a change. Material and Methods: A new tool “home containment mediated family improvement index (HCMFII)” was developed, pretested, and used for measuring the changes in family well-being. The survey intended to capture the basic demographic details along with HCMFII. This was developed as a Google form and circulated among Indian dentists for 72 hours from 29 May to 1 June. Descriptive statistics, measures of association, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify the difference between the demographic factors and HCMFII scores. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Result: In the 72 hours, 213 Indian dentists completed the survey. Of them, 37 (17.4%) had negative HCMFII scores, 56 (26.3) in neutral, and 120 (56.3%) with a positive outlook during HC compared to pre-COVID-19 situation. The mean HCMFII score was 53.9 ± 14. Age (P = 0.02), marital status (P < 0.00), children (P < 0.001), and income (P = 0.01) were significant factors influencing the scores. Discussion and Conclusion: A new tool to capture familial well-being in chrono-environment in presented. One of the two dentists perceived better family well-being, whereas one of the four perceived no change. Cause of concern is that one of the eight dentists still continue to have more disagreement-discordance than before HC and lesser family well-being. Extension of this index study would help to gauge the family well-being during HC and institute better modes of familial engagement to change the course of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46628765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_159_19
Abad Salcedo-Alcaychahua, A. Aliaga-Del Castillo, L. Arriola-Guillén
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength at the resin/bracket interface of metal brackets sandblasted with aluminum oxide particles of 25 µm, 50 µm and 110 µm. Materials and Methods: Sixty metal brackets were recycled and randomly assigned into four groups according to the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particle size (µm) used during sandblasting. Brackets of the first three groups (Group 1, n = 15; Group 2, n = 15 and Group 3, n = 15) were sandblasted with 25µm, 50µm, and 110µm Al2O3 particle size, respectively. The control group (Group 4, n = 15) included brackets without sandblasting. Shear bond strength was evaluated before and after sandblasting. Brackets with some variation in shape or structure were excluded. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed with paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffé test, respectively. Results: The recycled sandblasted brackets showed greater shear bond strength approximately 4 to 6 Mpa more than those that did not receive sandblasting. There were no statistically significant differences between the sandblasted groups (P > 0.05). However, Group 3 (110µm) showed a numerically greater mean value of shear bond strength (9.34 ± 4.18 Mpa). Conclusion: Similar share bond strength at the resin/bracket interface can be expected after bracket sandblasting with 25µm, 50µm, and 110µm Al2O3 particle size. Independently of the particle size used, the sandblasted brackets showed greater shear bond strength than brackets without sandblasting.
{"title":"Shear Bond Strength at the Resin/Bracket Interface of Sandblasted Brackets with Different Aluminum Oxide Particle Size","authors":"Abad Salcedo-Alcaychahua, A. Aliaga-Del Castillo, L. Arriola-Guillén","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_159_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_159_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength at the resin/bracket interface of metal brackets sandblasted with aluminum oxide particles of 25 µm, 50 µm and 110 µm. Materials and Methods: Sixty metal brackets were recycled and randomly assigned into four groups according to the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particle size (µm) used during sandblasting. Brackets of the first three groups (Group 1, n = 15; Group 2, n = 15 and Group 3, n = 15) were sandblasted with 25µm, 50µm, and 110µm Al2O3 particle size, respectively. The control group (Group 4, n = 15) included brackets without sandblasting. Shear bond strength was evaluated before and after sandblasting. Brackets with some variation in shape or structure were excluded. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed with paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffé test, respectively. Results: The recycled sandblasted brackets showed greater shear bond strength approximately 4 to 6 Mpa more than those that did not receive sandblasting. There were no statistically significant differences between the sandblasted groups (P > 0.05). However, Group 3 (110µm) showed a numerically greater mean value of shear bond strength (9.34 ± 4.18 Mpa). Conclusion: Similar share bond strength at the resin/bracket interface can be expected after bracket sandblasting with 25µm, 50µm, and 110µm Al2O3 particle size. Independently of the particle size used, the sandblasted brackets showed greater shear bond strength than brackets without sandblasting.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Juliet, G. Jeevanandan, L. Govindaraju, V. Ravindran, E. Subramanian
Introduction: There are many available Nickel Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary systems that are used for canal cleaning and shaping of the permanent teeth. The new emerging concept in pediatric dentistry is the use of rotary files for canal instrumentation in primary teeth. In literature, there are no clinical studies comparing three different rotary systems in primary teeth. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the quality of obturation and instrumentation time using three rotary file systems in primary mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 primary mandibular molars were included in the study and were randomly allotted to one of the three groups. Group 1: ProTaper files; Group 2 Kedo-S files and Group 3: RaCe files. Standardized digital radiographs were taken to the assess quality of obturation as underfill, optimal fill and overfill. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the quality of obturation and instrumentation time was done using Chi-square test and ANOVA with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed in the quality of obturation among the three groups (P = 0.661). However, a statistically significant was noted in the instrumentation time among the groups (P < 0.05). In Kedo-S files group 80% of the teeth were optimally filled followed by 60% in ProTaper files and 46.67 % in RaCe files group. The instrumentation time was least in RaCe files 31.67 secs followed by ProTaper files 45.93 secs and Kedo-S (78.53 secs). Conclusion: No significant difference was noted with respect to quality of obturation using S2 ProTaper files, Kedo-S files and RaCe files in primary teeth. There was a significant difference in instrumentation time among the three groups with least working time with RaCe files.
{"title":"Comparison Between Three Rotary Files on Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time in Primary Teeth − A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"S. Juliet, G. Jeevanandan, L. Govindaraju, V. Ravindran, E. Subramanian","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_99_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_99_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There are many available Nickel Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary systems that are used for canal cleaning and shaping of the permanent teeth. The new emerging concept in pediatric dentistry is the use of rotary files for canal instrumentation in primary teeth. In literature, there are no clinical studies comparing three different rotary systems in primary teeth. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the quality of obturation and instrumentation time using three rotary file systems in primary mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 primary mandibular molars were included in the study and were randomly allotted to one of the three groups. Group 1: ProTaper files; Group 2 Kedo-S files and Group 3: RaCe files. Standardized digital radiographs were taken to the assess quality of obturation as underfill, optimal fill and overfill. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the quality of obturation and instrumentation time was done using Chi-square test and ANOVA with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed in the quality of obturation among the three groups (P = 0.661). However, a statistically significant was noted in the instrumentation time among the groups (P < 0.05). In Kedo-S files group 80% of the teeth were optimally filled followed by 60% in ProTaper files and 46.67 % in RaCe files group. The instrumentation time was least in RaCe files 31.67 secs followed by ProTaper files 45.93 secs and Kedo-S (78.53 secs). Conclusion: No significant difference was noted with respect to quality of obturation using S2 ProTaper files, Kedo-S files and RaCe files in primary teeth. There was a significant difference in instrumentation time among the three groups with least working time with RaCe files.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_103_19
N. Saghravanian, N. Ghazi, Amirhosein Habibollahi, M. Shakeri
Introduction: Ameloblastoma is the most common neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium with locally aggressive behavior resulting in recurrence and malignant transformation. Odontogenic cysts are common lesions of the jaws with different biological behavior. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) with ameloblastoma-like epithelium (ameloblastic type) are more aggressive than other odontogenic cysts. Therefore, these lesions were classified as odontogenic tumors by WHO. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a secretory protein with diverse cellular functions including epithelial differentiation during tooth development and pathological processes such as tumorigenesis. It can function as a strong tumor suppressor gene during initial stages of tumor development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TGF-β1 expression in ameloblastoma, OKC and COC with varying biological behavior. Materials and Methods: We examined TGF-β1 expression in epithelial and stromal cells of 15OKCs, 15COCs (ameloblastic type) and 15 ameloblastomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunoreactivity was observed in epithelial and stromal cells of all lesions with different degrees. There was statistically significant reduced immunoexpression in epithelial cells of ameloblastomas and COCs compared to OKCs, whereas significant reduced immunoreactivity was reported in stromal cells of OKCs. There was no statistically significant difference between COCs and ameloblastomas in both stromal and epithelial cells immunoreactivity which shows their similar bilological behavior. Conclusion: Reduced TGF-β1 immunoexpression in epithelial cells of ameloblastomas and COCs compared to OKCs could be associated with the primitive phenotype and more invasive biological behavior of these lesions. Reduced stromal expression of TGF-β1 in OK1Cs could be explained by its looser stroma than other studied lesions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Expression in Ameloblastoma, Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst and Odontogenic Keratocyst","authors":"N. Saghravanian, N. Ghazi, Amirhosein Habibollahi, M. Shakeri","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_103_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_103_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ameloblastoma is the most common neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium with locally aggressive behavior resulting in recurrence and malignant transformation. Odontogenic cysts are common lesions of the jaws with different biological behavior. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) with ameloblastoma-like epithelium (ameloblastic type) are more aggressive than other odontogenic cysts. Therefore, these lesions were classified as odontogenic tumors by WHO. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a secretory protein with diverse cellular functions including epithelial differentiation during tooth development and pathological processes such as tumorigenesis. It can function as a strong tumor suppressor gene during initial stages of tumor development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TGF-β1 expression in ameloblastoma, OKC and COC with varying biological behavior. Materials and Methods: We examined TGF-β1 expression in epithelial and stromal cells of 15OKCs, 15COCs (ameloblastic type) and 15 ameloblastomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunoreactivity was observed in epithelial and stromal cells of all lesions with different degrees. There was statistically significant reduced immunoexpression in epithelial cells of ameloblastomas and COCs compared to OKCs, whereas significant reduced immunoreactivity was reported in stromal cells of OKCs. There was no statistically significant difference between COCs and ameloblastomas in both stromal and epithelial cells immunoreactivity which shows their similar bilological behavior. Conclusion: Reduced TGF-β1 immunoexpression in epithelial cells of ameloblastomas and COCs compared to OKCs could be associated with the primitive phenotype and more invasive biological behavior of these lesions. Reduced stromal expression of TGF-β1 in OK1Cs could be explained by its looser stroma than other studied lesions.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bavle, K. Paremala, M. Sowmya, M. Sudhakara, V. Reshma, Sreelatha S Hosthor
Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a pre-malignant condition highly prevalent in India with a malignant transformation rate of 2–8%. Its incidence amongst younger population has risen due to increased consumption of commercial preparations of areca. p63, a homolog of p53, has a role in epithelial proliferation and is frequently altered in dysplasia and associated with tumorigenesis. CD31 is a highly specific endothelial marker with varied expression in epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma. Epithelial proliferation and underlying angiogenic support are vital processes for malignant transformation. Therefore the present study aims to determine if p63 and CD31 expression is associated with increased malignant transformation of OSMF. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study wherein n = 36 OSMF samples were histologically graded into Group I (Early-Ea), II (Moderately advanced-MA) and III (Advanced-Ad) and analysed for anti-p63 and anti-CD31 antibodies. The expression was evaluated quantitatively and by pattern of distribution across the groups and statistically analysed with Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (SPSS v2.0). Results: p63 expression of epithelium in Group I ∼100% (basal, suprabasal), II − 60.9% (basal, spinous), III − 62.5% (basal, spinous, granular) with a significant P-value < 0.001FNx01. Predominant pattern of CD31 positive vessels in Group I ∼60% (constricted), II > 50% (normal diameter) and III ∼ 75% (dilated) with a significant P-value of 0.02FNx01. Conclusion: A significant linear increase in nuclear staining of p63 and involvement of epithelial strata observed from Ea → MA → Ad grade of OSMF. CD31 expression exhibited more dilated vessels as OSMF grade increased from Ea → Ad. Therefore p63 and CD31 could be used as quantitative predictive biomarkers of malignant transformation of OSMF.
{"title":"Predicting the Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Using Quantitative Biomarkers p63 and CD31","authors":"R. Bavle, K. Paremala, M. Sowmya, M. Sudhakara, V. Reshma, Sreelatha S Hosthor","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a pre-malignant condition highly prevalent in India with a malignant transformation rate of 2–8%. Its incidence amongst younger population has risen due to increased consumption of commercial preparations of areca. p63, a homolog of p53, has a role in epithelial proliferation and is frequently altered in dysplasia and associated with tumorigenesis. CD31 is a highly specific endothelial marker with varied expression in epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma. Epithelial proliferation and underlying angiogenic support are vital processes for malignant transformation. Therefore the present study aims to determine if p63 and CD31 expression is associated with increased malignant transformation of OSMF. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study wherein n = 36 OSMF samples were histologically graded into Group I (Early-Ea), II (Moderately advanced-MA) and III (Advanced-Ad) and analysed for anti-p63 and anti-CD31 antibodies. The expression was evaluated quantitatively and by pattern of distribution across the groups and statistically analysed with Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (SPSS v2.0). Results: p63 expression of epithelium in Group I ∼100% (basal, suprabasal), II − 60.9% (basal, spinous), III − 62.5% (basal, spinous, granular) with a significant P-value < 0.001FNx01. Predominant pattern of CD31 positive vessels in Group I ∼60% (constricted), II > 50% (normal diameter) and III ∼ 75% (dilated) with a significant P-value of 0.02FNx01. Conclusion: A significant linear increase in nuclear staining of p63 and involvement of epithelial strata observed from Ea → MA → Ad grade of OSMF. CD31 expression exhibited more dilated vessels as OSMF grade increased from Ea → Ad. Therefore p63 and CD31 could be used as quantitative predictive biomarkers of malignant transformation of OSMF.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48538297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_109_19
Angelita Carpio Contreras, Abraham López, L. Arriola-Guillén
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four different salivary pH levels on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two orthodontic adhesive systems for bracket placement. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was performed on 72 premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. They were randomly assigned into two groups according to the adhesive system employed: Orthocem (light-cure adhesive, FGM®) or Transbond-XT (3M Unitek). Each group involved nine specimens incubated in artificial saliva at four pH levels regarding previous studies: acidic pH (4.8 and 5.8), control pH (6.8) and alkaline pH (7.8), during two months. Once removed, shear bond strength with a universal testing machine was applied. The SBS comparisons between adhesive systems was obtained using t-test and for salivary pH levels in each group one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used (P < 0.05). Results: Transbond-XT adhesive system showed the greater SBS, mainly in the neutral salivary pH (11.18 ± 2.82 Mpa) followed by the alkaline (10.33 ± 2.49 Mpa) (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found regarding to both acidic pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.8) with values between 6 and 8 MPa (P < 0.05). Moreover, Orthocem adhesive system had lower SBS values, with greater value in the neutral salivary pH (6.24 Mpa), don’t achieved significant differences with the other pH levels; 4.74 Mpa for pH 4.8 and 5.05 Mpa for pH 5.8. Conclusion: Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive system showed only greater values of SBS only for the control and alkaline pH levels; for acidic pH levels there was no difference between the two systems. This situation must be taken into account by clinicians.
{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Salivary pH on the Shear Bond Strength of Two Orthodontic Adhesive Systems for Bracket Placement: An In-vitro Study","authors":"Angelita Carpio Contreras, Abraham López, L. Arriola-Guillén","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_109_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_109_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four different salivary pH levels on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two orthodontic adhesive systems for bracket placement. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was performed on 72 premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. They were randomly assigned into two groups according to the adhesive system employed: Orthocem (light-cure adhesive, FGM®) or Transbond-XT (3M Unitek). Each group involved nine specimens incubated in artificial saliva at four pH levels regarding previous studies: acidic pH (4.8 and 5.8), control pH (6.8) and alkaline pH (7.8), during two months. Once removed, shear bond strength with a universal testing machine was applied. The SBS comparisons between adhesive systems was obtained using t-test and for salivary pH levels in each group one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used (P < 0.05). Results: Transbond-XT adhesive system showed the greater SBS, mainly in the neutral salivary pH (11.18 ± 2.82 Mpa) followed by the alkaline (10.33 ± 2.49 Mpa) (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found regarding to both acidic pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.8) with values between 6 and 8 MPa (P < 0.05). Moreover, Orthocem adhesive system had lower SBS values, with greater value in the neutral salivary pH (6.24 Mpa), don’t achieved significant differences with the other pH levels; 4.74 Mpa for pH 4.8 and 5.05 Mpa for pH 5.8. Conclusion: Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive system showed only greater values of SBS only for the control and alkaline pH levels; for acidic pH levels there was no difference between the two systems. This situation must be taken into account by clinicians.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49618904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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