Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-15
M. Suprovych, O. V. Shutyak
Among the possible dangers, fires definitely rank first. In Ukraine, there is a growing trend in the number of fires and the damage they cause. Therefore, identifying the structure of cause-and-effect patterns of this hazardous phenomenon is important for the development of measures to reduce the negative consequences of fires. The considerable array of statistical information on fires and their consequences, which is annually collected and published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection, gives an opportunity to carry out a range of relevant statistical researches. The research objective is to study structural changes in fire spread in Ukraine’s regions for the last 9 years. The study is based on statistical data from 2013–2021 on fire spread in 24 regions and Kyiv city. In order to identify structural changes, their intensity was assessed using 5 indices: indicators of linear and quadratic coefficients of absolute structural breaks, Gatev’s coefficient of structural differences, Salai’s general indicator of structural changes and Ryabtsev index. By relying on the cluster analysis, homogeneous groups are identified following the number of fires and the causes of structural changes in the periods of maximum and minimum shifts are considered. The biggest difference in the number of fires occurred between the 2013 and 2019 pair. In this period, the estimated indices have reached the maximum value. In terms of the quadratic coefficient, significant structural shifts are characteristic of most pairs relative to 2013 and 2014. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev Index indicators, according to which the mentioned groups have a significant level of difference. Minimal structural changes are found for pairs 2013→2015; 2017→2018; 2015→2021 and 2020→2021. Linear approximation across all indices showed that structural shifts in the number of fires tended to increase. UPGMA-dendrogram was built on the basis of cluster analysis, which identified three homogeneous groups of regions according to the number of fires. A comparison of their numbers in 2013 and 2019 showed that the main structural shifts are formed by the first group, which included 6 areas: Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odessa, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk regions, and the city of Kyiv, i.e., administrative-territorial entities where the majority of the population resides, the main share of industrial production is produced, and the key energy capacities of the country are located. Significant structural shifts in fire numbers from 2013 to 2021 are common for all regions and the city of Kyiv of group I and all regions (except Kirovohrad) of group III. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev coefficient values. All Group I and Group III areas have a substantial or significant level of variation in fire incidence patterns. In the second cluster, only 4 oblasts of Transcarpathian, Luhansk, Poltava and Chernihiv have a significant level of shifts. Available volume of statist
{"title":"STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER OF FIRES IN UKRAINE","authors":"M. Suprovych, O. V. Shutyak","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-15","url":null,"abstract":"Among the possible dangers, fires definitely rank first. In Ukraine, there is a growing trend in the number of fires and the damage they cause. Therefore, identifying the structure of cause-and-effect patterns of this hazardous phenomenon is important for the development of measures to reduce the negative consequences of fires. The considerable array of statistical information on fires and their consequences, which is annually collected and published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection, gives an opportunity to carry out a range of relevant statistical researches. The research objective is to study structural changes in fire spread in Ukraine’s regions for the last 9 years. The study is based on statistical data from 2013–2021 on fire spread in 24 regions and Kyiv city. In order to identify structural changes, their intensity was assessed using 5 indices: indicators of linear and quadratic coefficients of absolute structural breaks, Gatev’s coefficient of structural differences, Salai’s general indicator of structural changes and Ryabtsev index. By relying on the cluster analysis, homogeneous groups are identified following the number of fires and the causes of structural changes in the periods of maximum and minimum shifts are considered. The biggest difference in the number of fires occurred between the 2013 and 2019 pair. In this period, the estimated indices have reached the maximum value. In terms of the quadratic coefficient, significant structural shifts are characteristic of most pairs relative to 2013 and 2014. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev Index indicators, according to which the mentioned groups have a significant level of difference. Minimal structural changes are found for pairs 2013→2015; 2017→2018; 2015→2021 and 2020→2021. Linear approximation across all indices showed that structural shifts in the number of fires tended to increase. UPGMA-dendrogram was built on the basis of cluster analysis, which identified three homogeneous groups of regions according to the number of fires. A comparison of their numbers in 2013 and 2019 showed that the main structural shifts are formed by the first group, which included 6 areas: Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odessa, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk regions, and the city of Kyiv, i.e., administrative-territorial entities where the majority of the population resides, the main share of industrial production is produced, and the key energy capacities of the country are located. Significant structural shifts in fire numbers from 2013 to 2021 are common for all regions and the city of Kyiv of group I and all regions (except Kirovohrad) of group III. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev coefficient values. All Group I and Group III areas have a substantial or significant level of variation in fire incidence patterns. In the second cluster, only 4 oblasts of Transcarpathian, Luhansk, Poltava and Chernihiv have a significant level of shifts. Available volume of statist","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130800227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-19
S. Prosyanуi, Y. Horiuk
Introduction. The body’s reaction to any disease is assessed not only by clinical signs, but also by the results of studies of the body’s biological substrates, which often allow revealing the degree and nature of pathological changes that occur in all systems and organs, which is important when choosing the most effective treatment regimen, as well as to identify subclinical disorders and contraindications to the use of certain drugs. Purpose. The purpose of work – to investigate the main blood parameters and coprogram in infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract in dogs. Methods. Experimental research was conducted during 2019–2021. Two groups of animals have been formed for research: control (healthy animals) and experimental (dogs with infectious enteritis). Haemato-biochemical and coprological studies have been performed using generally accepted methods. Results. In the process of studying the main blood parameters of dogs clinically suffering from infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract, moderate erythrocytopenia, persistent leukocytopenia, oligochromemia, hypoproteinemia, a decrease in blood colour index, haematocrit value, and an increase in ESR have been found. Leukogram parameters indicate the development of moderate neutrophilia, clearly expressed lymphocytopenia, which probably leads to the occurrence of immunosuppression and, accordingly, a more severe course of the disease. In the complex diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis in dogs, studies of the excrement of sick animals are relevant, which make it possible to assess the functional state of the digestive system in these pathologies. The coprogram of dogs with an acute course of infectious enteropathies, compared to healthy animals on the same diet, has been characterized by an increased content of protein, stercobilinogen, bilirubin, undigested starch, soaps and neutral fat. Conclusion. Thus, changes in blood parameters and coprogram in infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract of dogs should be objectively taken into account when choosing therapeutic agents for their effective treatment.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS AND COPROGRAM IN INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGIES OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT IN DOGS","authors":"S. Prosyanуi, Y. Horiuk","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The body’s reaction to any disease is assessed not only by clinical signs, but also by the results of studies of the body’s biological substrates, which often allow revealing the degree and nature of pathological changes that occur in all systems and organs, which is important when choosing the most effective treatment regimen, as well as to identify subclinical disorders and contraindications to the use of certain drugs. Purpose. The purpose of work – to investigate the main blood parameters and coprogram in infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract in dogs. Methods. Experimental research was conducted during 2019–2021. Two groups of animals have been formed for research: control (healthy animals) and experimental (dogs with infectious enteritis). Haemato-biochemical and coprological studies have been performed using generally accepted methods. Results. In the process of studying the main blood parameters of dogs clinically suffering from infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract, moderate erythrocytopenia, persistent leukocytopenia, oligochromemia, hypoproteinemia, a decrease in blood colour index, haematocrit value, and an increase in ESR have been found. Leukogram parameters indicate the development of moderate neutrophilia, clearly expressed lymphocytopenia, which probably leads to the occurrence of immunosuppression and, accordingly, a more severe course of the disease. In the complex diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis in dogs, studies of the excrement of sick animals are relevant, which make it possible to assess the functional state of the digestive system in these pathologies. The coprogram of dogs with an acute course of infectious enteropathies, compared to healthy animals on the same diet, has been characterized by an increased content of protein, stercobilinogen, bilirubin, undigested starch, soaps and neutral fat. Conclusion. Thus, changes in blood parameters and coprogram in infectious pathologies of the alimentary tract of dogs should be objectively taken into account when choosing therapeutic agents for their effective treatment.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122332294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-18
Lidia Błaszczyk Lidia, C. Nowak, Z. Pustova, N. Pustova, I. Yasinetska, O. Bialkovska, O. Koberniuk
The article considers the issue of using plant waste from agriculture for energy production in Ukraine. The following aspects are analyzed: the formation of straw and sifted grains of cereals, in particular, millet (P. miliaceum L.), available directions of their utilization, as well as the prerequisites for the possibility of application in energy purposes. A positive correlation was noted between the parameters of the structure of millet plants and investigated elements of cultivation technology. When applied to the studied species of millet, both the grain yield of plants and biomass, which after harvesting forms waste, increases as well, and it is expedient to use it as a source of biofuel. The use of agricultural techniques in research has had a positive effect on both the increase in biomass and grain productivity of energy millet. The highest yield was recorded in the variants when applying N60P60K60: in the variety Jubilee – 5.31 t/ha, Zolushka – 5,00 t/ha (50–55% to control), which provided the amount of waste mass – 5,0–5,3 t/ha, respectively, and increased potential resource of raw materials for the production of various types of biofuels for millet by 50%.
{"title":"USING OF MILLET STRAW FOR ENERGY PURPOSES","authors":"Lidia Błaszczyk Lidia, C. Nowak, Z. Pustova, N. Pustova, I. Yasinetska, O. Bialkovska, O. Koberniuk","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the issue of using plant waste from agriculture for energy production in Ukraine. The following aspects are analyzed: the formation of straw and sifted grains of cereals, in particular, millet (P. miliaceum L.), available directions of their utilization, as well as the prerequisites for the possibility of application in energy purposes. A positive correlation was noted between the parameters of the structure of millet plants and investigated elements of cultivation technology. When applied to the studied species of millet, both the grain yield of plants and biomass, which after harvesting forms waste, increases as well, and it is expedient to use it as a source of biofuel. The use of agricultural techniques in research has had a positive effect on both the increase in biomass and grain productivity of energy millet. The highest yield was recorded in the variants when applying N60P60K60: in the variety Jubilee – 5.31 t/ha, Zolushka – 5,00 t/ha (50–55% to control), which provided the amount of waste mass – 5,0–5,3 t/ha, respectively, and increased potential resource of raw materials for the production of various types of biofuels for millet by 50%.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117180446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-111
T. S. Tokarchuk
Introduction. To support the growth and development of piglets, a certain amount of nutrients received with sow milk and high-energy feed supplementation is required. Among such preparations are nanopreparations of vitamins and trace elements. They are used in the form in which They are used in the form in which they are contained and function in the body – in the form of carboxylates of food acids and, first of all, in the form of citrates, which, when found in the cell, directly participate in the Krebs cycle. Purpose. Establishment of absolute, relative, and average daily growth. Conservation, economic efficiency and production verification. Method. Analysis, weighing using technical scales on the 24’th, 28’th, 35’th and 50’th days of life, statistics. Results. Upon the introduction of a complex of citrates of Zinc, Ferrum and Germanium, it was established that the studied additives contribute to an increase in the gross live weight of animals, a decrease in the unit cost of production, an increase in profit and the profitability of raising piglets. Originality. The use of vitamin nanopreparations in the form in which they are contained and function in the body – in the form of carboxylates of food acids and, first of all, in the form of citrates. Conclusion. A two-time application of 2.5 cm3 of citrates of microelements in combination with drinking vitamin E leads to an increase in the live weight of piglets on the 35’th and 50’th days of life by 11.0% and 6.8%, respectively. In case of application of 3.0 cm3 of citrates of trace elements, the live weight of piglets was the same as in animals receiving 2.5 cm3 of citrates. Drinking vitamin E and administration of citrates of microelements to piglets during weaning from sows helps increase their gross growth by 10.1%, and profit from the sale of young pigs by 13.7%. At the same time, the profitability of raising piglets increases by 1.7%.
{"title":"GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PIGLETS FOR THE USE OF VITAMINE E AND CITRATES OF FERUM, ZINC, AND GERMIC MICROELEMENTS","authors":"T. S. Tokarchuk","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To support the growth and development of piglets, a certain amount of nutrients received with sow milk and high-energy feed supplementation is required. Among such preparations are nanopreparations of vitamins and trace elements. They are used in the form in which They are used in the form in which they are contained and function in the body – in the form of carboxylates of food acids and, first of all, in the form of citrates, which, when found in the cell, directly participate in the Krebs cycle. Purpose. Establishment of absolute, relative, and average daily growth. Conservation, economic efficiency and production verification. Method. Analysis, weighing using technical scales on the 24’th, 28’th, 35’th and 50’th days of life, statistics. Results. Upon the introduction of a complex of citrates of Zinc, Ferrum and Germanium, it was established that the studied additives contribute to an increase in the gross live weight of animals, a decrease in the unit cost of production, an increase in profit and the profitability of raising piglets. Originality. The use of vitamin nanopreparations in the form in which they are contained and function in the body – in the form of carboxylates of food acids and, first of all, in the form of citrates. Conclusion. A two-time application of 2.5 cm3 of citrates of microelements in combination with drinking vitamin E leads to an increase in the live weight of piglets on the 35’th and 50’th days of life by 11.0% and 6.8%, respectively. In case of application of 3.0 cm3 of citrates of trace elements, the live weight of piglets was the same as in animals receiving 2.5 cm3 of citrates. Drinking vitamin E and administration of citrates of microelements to piglets during weaning from sows helps increase their gross growth by 10.1%, and profit from the sale of young pigs by 13.7%. At the same time, the profitability of raising piglets increases by 1.7%.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129817569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-13
O. Tkachuk, V. I. Verhelis V. I.
In Ukraine, about a third of all arable land is subject to water erosion. The reasons for the development of erosion processes are plowing of sloping lands with a steepness of more than 3 °, cultivation of row crops on them, mainly corn and sunflower, intensive tillage with inversion of the slice. When crops are grown on such lands, their productivity decreases significantly, but the issue of changes in nutritional value and environmental safety of products on power lands has not been studied. The research was carried out by establishing field experiments on sloping lands with the spread of weakly and moderately washed away erosion processes and growing corn and sunflower on them. Laboratory tests were conducted at the certified Research and Measurement Agrochemical Laboratory of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The change in protein and nitrate content in crop products depending on the slope was determined. When growing corn and sunflower on sloping lands, the highest content of protein and nitrates is observed in their products from the lower part of the slope. The lowest protein content in sunflower seeds was found in the middle part of the slope, which was 4.0% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest protein content in corn grain was observed in the upper part of the slope, which was 0.3% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest content of nitrates in corn grain was evident in the upper part of the slope, which was 21.0% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest content of nitrates in sunflower seeds was identified in the middle part of the slope and was 20.0% lower than at the bottom of the slope.
{"title":"PROTEIN AND NITRATE CONTENT IN MAIZE GRAINS AND SUNFLOWER SEEDS WHEN GROWN ON SLOPEFUL LAND","authors":"O. Tkachuk, V. I. Verhelis V. I.","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-13","url":null,"abstract":"In Ukraine, about a third of all arable land is subject to water erosion. The reasons for the development of erosion processes are plowing of sloping lands with a steepness of more than 3 °, cultivation of row crops on them, mainly corn and sunflower, intensive tillage with inversion of the slice. When crops are grown on such lands, their productivity decreases significantly, but the issue of changes in nutritional value and environmental safety of products on power lands has not been studied. The research was carried out by establishing field experiments on sloping lands with the spread of weakly and moderately washed away erosion processes and growing corn and sunflower on them. Laboratory tests were conducted at the certified Research and Measurement Agrochemical Laboratory of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The change in protein and nitrate content in crop products depending on the slope was determined. When growing corn and sunflower on sloping lands, the highest content of protein and nitrates is observed in their products from the lower part of the slope. The lowest protein content in sunflower seeds was found in the middle part of the slope, which was 4.0% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest protein content in corn grain was observed in the upper part of the slope, which was 0.3% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest content of nitrates in corn grain was evident in the upper part of the slope, which was 21.0% lower than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest content of nitrates in sunflower seeds was identified in the middle part of the slope and was 20.0% lower than at the bottom of the slope.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-2
L. Poberezhna, O. Bakhmat
The world area of chickpeas is about 12,5 million hectares, 8 million hectares of which are in India. In Ukraine, chickpea crops are located in the steppe and partially in the forest-steppe zone. Chickpeas are undemanding to the soil. It grows well on sandy light loams, as well as on sandy soils, but black soils and gray forest soils are best for it. Therefore, chickpea deserves to be studied in the conditions of the western Forest Steppe. The aim of the work is the scientific justification and development of agrotechnical methods and technological measures of varietal technology of growing chickpeas under the conditions of application of macro and micro fertilizers in the conditions of the western Forest Steppe. Research methods. In the experiments, the following observations, studies, and analyzes were conducted: phenological observations were carried out during certain periods and phenological phases of growth and development of chickpea plants; counting the density of plants of different varieties of chickpeas was processed twice during the growing season on special micro-sites; the height of the plants and the height of attachment of the lower bean were analyzed according to the phases of chickpea growth and development using a measuring ruler. The main results of the study. The results of our research and observations showed that the duration of both individual interphase periods and the entire growing season of common chickpea varieties was determined by the agrometeorological factors of the region, and primarily by the conditions of moisture and the temperature regime of the air and soil. The scientific novelty of the research results. As research has shown, chickpea plants at the initial stages of organogenesis grow rather slowly, and in the interphase period of branching-budification, growth and development are significantly enhanced, as a result of which a significant vegetative mass is formed and internodes are elongated. Conclusions. The use of pre-sowing application of macro fertilizers (N30P20K30) increased the density of sowing by only 6,9%, while the use of Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) – by 8,1–8,5% compared to the control without treatment. When using mineral fertilizers N30 and N30P20K30 before sowing and foliar fertilization with Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) in the phase of intensive growth (phase of budding), the height of plants increased by 6,8–7,2–8,5 cm, or reached, according to the varieties 66,4–66,4–67,8 cm for the seed ripening period.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICKPEA VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION OF MACRO AND MICRO FERTILIZERS","authors":"L. Poberezhna, O. Bakhmat","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"The world area of chickpeas is about 12,5 million hectares, 8 million hectares of which are in India. In Ukraine, chickpea crops are located in the steppe and partially in the forest-steppe zone. Chickpeas are undemanding to the soil. It grows well on sandy light loams, as well as on sandy soils, but black soils and gray forest soils are best for it. Therefore, chickpea deserves to be studied in the conditions of the western Forest Steppe. The aim of the work is the scientific justification and development of agrotechnical methods and technological measures of varietal technology of growing chickpeas under the conditions of application of macro and micro fertilizers in the conditions of the western Forest Steppe. Research methods. In the experiments, the following observations, studies, and analyzes were conducted: phenological observations were carried out during certain periods and phenological phases of growth and development of chickpea plants; counting the density of plants of different varieties of chickpeas was processed twice during the growing season on special micro-sites; the height of the plants and the height of attachment of the lower bean were analyzed according to the phases of chickpea growth and development using a measuring ruler. The main results of the study. The results of our research and observations showed that the duration of both individual interphase periods and the entire growing season of common chickpea varieties was determined by the agrometeorological factors of the region, and primarily by the conditions of moisture and the temperature regime of the air and soil. The scientific novelty of the research results. As research has shown, chickpea plants at the initial stages of organogenesis grow rather slowly, and in the interphase period of branching-budification, growth and development are significantly enhanced, as a result of which a significant vegetative mass is formed and internodes are elongated. Conclusions. The use of pre-sowing application of macro fertilizers (N30P20K30) increased the density of sowing by only 6,9%, while the use of Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) – by 8,1–8,5% compared to the control without treatment. When using mineral fertilizers N30 and N30P20K30 before sowing and foliar fertilization with Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) in the phase of intensive growth (phase of budding), the height of plants increased by 6,8–7,2–8,5 cm, or reached, according to the varieties 66,4–66,4–67,8 cm for the seed ripening period.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-14
V. Ivanyshyn, S. М. Hrushetskуі, А. V. Rud, M. Korchak
Introduction. In order for Ukraine to successfully enter the Western markets, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of its own products, which is achieved through the comprehensive mechanization of technological processes, the reduction of labor costs, and the increase of the yield and quality of the obtained products. Purpose. The purpose of the publication is the model of improvement of the structural and technological schemes of the crushing working bodies and the intended promising directions of root and tuber harvesting machines. Research methodology. The research was carried out through technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes. In the process of research, general methods of research, comparison, modeling of structural and technological schemes of breast crushing working bodies, comparative analysis were used. Results. Analysis of the problems of mechanized harvesting of potatoes confirms the relevance of creating and using reliable high-performance lump-shredding working bodies that ensure a low level of damage to potato tubers. The considered designs of available working bodies for the destruction of soil clods, in most cases, have some disadvantages, as follows: low productivity and ATV in terms of the number of damages, significant dimensions, material consumption and, as a result, cost. The most promising, in our opinion, are pneumatic lump crushers with an active surface. However, it is necessary to increase the activity of the surface of the cylinder, which will allow reducing internal pressure that will lead to a reduction of tuber damage. Conclusion. Based on the comparative analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes, the main structural and technological schemes affecting the agrotechnical indicators of harvesting equipment were identified, and a model of lump-breaking working bodies (harvesting machines) was developed. The model includes the destruction of soil clods: firstly, by rollers immediately before digging up the tuber-bearing layer, secondly, by clod crushing devices (balloons, beaters or separation intensifiers) of various designs in the process of technological operations by a potato harvester. The preliminary destruction of the tuberous layer is carried out immediately before its digging and at the time of digging with support rollers of various types and other structural and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of machine
{"title":"MODELING AND PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF DESTRUCTIVE WORKING BODIES OF POTATO HARVESTING MACHINES","authors":"V. Ivanyshyn, S. М. Hrushetskуі, А. V. Rud, M. Korchak","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In order for Ukraine to successfully enter the Western markets, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of its own products, which is achieved through the comprehensive mechanization of technological processes, the reduction of labor costs, and the increase of the yield and quality of the obtained products. Purpose. The purpose of the publication is the model of improvement of the structural and technological schemes of the crushing working bodies and the intended promising directions of root and tuber harvesting machines. Research methodology. The research was carried out through technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes. In the process of research, general methods of research, comparison, modeling of structural and technological schemes of breast crushing working bodies, comparative analysis were used. Results. Analysis of the problems of mechanized harvesting of potatoes confirms the relevance of creating and using reliable high-performance lump-shredding working bodies that ensure a low level of damage to potato tubers. The considered designs of available working bodies for the destruction of soil clods, in most cases, have some disadvantages, as follows: low productivity and ATV in terms of the number of damages, significant dimensions, material consumption and, as a result, cost. The most promising, in our opinion, are pneumatic lump crushers with an active surface. However, it is necessary to increase the activity of the surface of the cylinder, which will allow reducing internal pressure that will lead to a reduction of tuber damage. Conclusion. Based on the comparative analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes, the main structural and technological schemes affecting the agrotechnical indicators of harvesting equipment were identified, and a model of lump-breaking working bodies (harvesting machines) was developed. The model includes the destruction of soil clods: firstly, by rollers immediately before digging up the tuber-bearing layer, secondly, by clod crushing devices (balloons, beaters or separation intensifiers) of various designs in the process of technological operations by a potato harvester. The preliminary destruction of the tuberous layer is carried out immediately before its digging and at the time of digging with support rollers of various types and other structural and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of machine","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133013531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-17
M. Humeniuk, D. Nemish
Introduction. Small agricultural enterprises play an important role in the structure of the national economy, provide a significant share in the production of gross output, and form a sufficient level of market competition. However, the activity of small agrarian enterprises is unstable and often not long–term in nature, which triggers the need to evaluate their efficiency and justify the development prospects of these formations. Purpose. The aim of the article is to justify the system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises and assess the level of their economic benefit. Methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods, namely: abstract– logical, analysis and synthesis, comparative, graphic, sociological. Results. It was established that the set of indicators used to evaluate the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises should be graded by types of efficiency. The groups of indicators that must be used when assessing the economic, technological, social and environmental efficiency of small agrarian entrepreneurship are defined. It was established that small farms predominate among subjects of small agrarian entrepreneurship in Ukraine both in terms of number (92%) and area of agricultural land (92.5%). The dynamics of the level of economic efficiency of small agrarian entrepreneurship were evaluated. It was determined that the profitability of agricultural production in small farms of Ukraine in 2016 was 42.4%, and it decreased to 37% in 2020. The main problems of ensuring the effective functioning of small farms were studied. Conclusion. The economic efficiency of small agricultural enterprises is only a part of their overall efficiency. Increasing the efficiency of production in small agricultural enterprises is one of the most essential measures to reduce social tension and ensure the economic security of the state.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF A SMALL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE IN MODERN CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Humeniuk, D. Nemish","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Small agricultural enterprises play an important role in the structure of the national economy, provide a significant share in the production of gross output, and form a sufficient level of market competition. However, the activity of small agrarian enterprises is unstable and often not long–term in nature, which triggers the need to evaluate their efficiency and justify the development prospects of these formations. Purpose. The aim of the article is to justify the system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises and assess the level of their economic benefit. Methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods, namely: abstract– logical, analysis and synthesis, comparative, graphic, sociological. Results. It was established that the set of indicators used to evaluate the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises should be graded by types of efficiency. The groups of indicators that must be used when assessing the economic, technological, social and environmental efficiency of small agrarian entrepreneurship are defined. It was established that small farms predominate among subjects of small agrarian entrepreneurship in Ukraine both in terms of number (92%) and area of agricultural land (92.5%). The dynamics of the level of economic efficiency of small agrarian entrepreneurship were evaluated. It was determined that the profitability of agricultural production in small farms of Ukraine in 2016 was 42.4%, and it decreased to 37% in 2020. The main problems of ensuring the effective functioning of small farms were studied. Conclusion. The economic efficiency of small agricultural enterprises is only a part of their overall efficiency. Increasing the efficiency of production in small agricultural enterprises is one of the most essential measures to reduce social tension and ensure the economic security of the state.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"127 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129783815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-110
T. Suprovych, M. Suprovych, L. V. Strojanovska, I. Chornyi
Mastitis of cows causes significant harm to dairy farming, a susceptibility to which is partly determined by genetic factors. Therefore, identifying the susceptibility or resistance of cows to mastitis at an early stage of postnatal ontogenesis has both practical and scientific importance. In this work, we examined a model grounded on the collegial use of lymphocyte antigens class I MHC cattle and DNA markers based on alleles BoLA-DRB3 gene to identify the sensitivity of heifers to mastitis to their use in a milking herd. On the data of testing of 649 cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed, the antigens of histocompatibility were revealed, and the statusmetric model facilitated determining the integral estimation of sensitiveness (Z) to mastitis was constructed. The greater the positive Z value, the higher the predicted resistance to mastitis and vice versa. The model yields 69.2% correct mastitis susceptibility decisions based on 17 class I antigens (antigens W2, W6, W31, W14, W19, W15, A9, A12, A13 and A24 indicate susceptibility and W10, A1, A3, A6, A16, A17 and A22 – indicate resistance to the disease). Some exon 2 alleles of the BoLA-DRB3 gene were found to be associated with mastitis. For 162 cows from the preliminary sample DRB3.2*18, *24, *26 and *48 alleles characterize susceptibility to mastitis, and BoLA-DRB3.2*08, *13 and *22 – characterize resistance to the disease. A comparative analysis of the association of lymphocyte and DNA-markers was performed by comparing the diagnosis, status score, and the presence of associated alleles in the genotype. Two of the four possible variants unambiguously indicate the immune status of the cow: – diagnosis and integral score (by sign) coincide, and there is an allele in the genotype that coincides with the established diagnosis (65,7%); – diagnosis and integral score sign do not coincide, and there is a DNA marker in the genotype that coincides with the immune status of the animal by Z (13,3%). For 83 animals out of 105 in which DNA markers were detected, the immune status established by the statusmetric model was confirmed, for a total of 79%. The accuracy in predicting the susceptibility of cows to mastitis increased by 9.8%. Following the obtained results, the model for predicting sensitivity of heifers of Ukrainian black-and-white breed to mastitis at the stage of early postembryonic ontogenesis has been proposed. The model is universal and can be applied to different cattle breeds after appropriate research.
{"title":"MODEL OF SENSITIVITY CATTLE TO MASTITIS ON THE BASIS OF LYMPHOCYTIC AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS","authors":"T. Suprovych, M. Suprovych, L. V. Strojanovska, I. Chornyi","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-110","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis of cows causes significant harm to dairy farming, a susceptibility to which is partly determined by genetic factors. Therefore, identifying the susceptibility or resistance of cows to mastitis at an early stage of postnatal ontogenesis has both practical and scientific importance. In this work, we examined a model grounded on the collegial use of lymphocyte antigens class I MHC cattle and DNA markers based on alleles BoLA-DRB3 gene to identify the sensitivity of heifers to mastitis to their use in a milking herd. On the data of testing of 649 cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed, the antigens of histocompatibility were revealed, and the statusmetric model facilitated determining the integral estimation of sensitiveness (Z) to mastitis was constructed. The greater the positive Z value, the higher the predicted resistance to mastitis and vice versa. The model yields 69.2% correct mastitis susceptibility decisions based on 17 class I antigens (antigens W2, W6, W31, W14, W19, W15, A9, A12, A13 and A24 indicate susceptibility and W10, A1, A3, A6, A16, A17 and A22 – indicate resistance to the disease). Some exon 2 alleles of the BoLA-DRB3 gene were found to be associated with mastitis. For 162 cows from the preliminary sample DRB3.2*18, *24, *26 and *48 alleles characterize susceptibility to mastitis, and BoLA-DRB3.2*08, *13 and *22 – characterize resistance to the disease. A comparative analysis of the association of lymphocyte and DNA-markers was performed by comparing the diagnosis, status score, and the presence of associated alleles in the genotype. Two of the four possible variants unambiguously indicate the immune status of the cow: – diagnosis and integral score (by sign) coincide, and there is an allele in the genotype that coincides with the established diagnosis (65,7%); – diagnosis and integral score sign do not coincide, and there is a DNA marker in the genotype that coincides with the immune status of the animal by Z (13,3%). For 83 animals out of 105 in which DNA markers were detected, the immune status established by the statusmetric model was confirmed, for a total of 79%. The accuracy in predicting the susceptibility of cows to mastitis increased by 9.8%. Following the obtained results, the model for predicting sensitivity of heifers of Ukrainian black-and-white breed to mastitis at the stage of early postembryonic ontogenesis has been proposed. The model is universal and can be applied to different cattle breeds after appropriate research.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121968684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-3
T. Krachan, U. Nedilska
Most of the processes in the environment are chemical. The uniqueness of chemistry is that it not only studies natural substances, but also creates new objects of study. The existence of modern society is impossible without all the wide range of substances that can only be obtained through chemical technology. The introduction of methods of chemical technology and products of the chemical industry in the national economy in order to intensify its development and increase efficiency was called chemicalization. The paper summarizes and analyzes information on the use of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in agriculture of Ukraine. The concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on the processes in the agricultural sector is considered. The consequences of excessive and unregulated impact of these substances on living organisms are analyzed and methods of preventing their accumulation in the environment are proposed. Introduction. The article summarizes and analyzes information on the volume of application of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in the agriculture of Ukraine in the period from 2018 to 2020. Purpose. The main goal of article is сonsider the concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on processes in the agricultural sector. Methods. Сomparative analysis, systematization and generalization for formulating conclusions. Results. There is no the clear tendency to use a certain type of fertilizers for feeding plants in Ukraine today. It is observed а decrease in the use of organic fertilizers, instead, the amount of mineral substances used increases significantly. Conclusion. The use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to a number of environmental consequences, which requires their exact dosage. In this regard, special measures should be taken to prevent their accumulation in soils, plants and products in the form of substances harmful to humans and animals.
{"title":"CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION","authors":"T. Krachan, U. Nedilska","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the processes in the environment are chemical. The uniqueness of chemistry is that it not only studies natural substances, but also creates new objects of study. The existence of modern society is impossible without all the wide range of substances that can only be obtained through chemical technology. The introduction of methods of chemical technology and products of the chemical industry in the national economy in order to intensify its development and increase efficiency was called chemicalization. The paper summarizes and analyzes information on the use of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in agriculture of Ukraine. The concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on the processes in the agricultural sector is considered. The consequences of excessive and unregulated impact of these substances on living organisms are analyzed and methods of preventing their accumulation in the environment are proposed. Introduction. The article summarizes and analyzes information on the volume of application of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in the agriculture of Ukraine in the period from 2018 to 2020. Purpose. The main goal of article is сonsider the concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on processes in the agricultural sector. Methods. Сomparative analysis, systematization and generalization for formulating conclusions. Results. There is no the clear tendency to use a certain type of fertilizers for feeding plants in Ukraine today. It is observed а decrease in the use of organic fertilizers, instead, the amount of mineral substances used increases significantly. Conclusion. The use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to a number of environmental consequences, which requires their exact dosage. In this regard, special measures should be taken to prevent their accumulation in soils, plants and products in the form of substances harmful to humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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