Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2020-1-15
O. Olenyuk, O. Tkach
In modern conditions, to increase the yield of cultivated plants use pre-sowing seeds with the use of chemical and biological products. Due to the orientation of the world's leading countries on environmentally friendly agricultural production technologies, more and more attention is being paid to the development of electro-technological processing methods. The main advantage of electromagnetic technology for pre-sowing seed treatment with low-energy radiation of the EHF range is the possibility of improving their growth and development by mobilizing the internal reserves of the seed itself, accelerating the diffusion of molecules through the cell membrane, the speed of chemical reactions and causing redness plants and promotes yield without chemical or biological agents or genetic engineering methods. The technology of seed treatment EMF EHF allows to store in the seed all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals, which when processed by other methods is difficult to achieve. The study is based on the analysis of literature, theoretical and experimental studies of the energy and spectral characteristics of the diode generator in the EHF wavelength range, which can be concluded that the increase in plant yields is possible based on the use of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article proposes a technique for investigating the energy characteristics of a semiconductor six-diode generator on avalanche-spanning diodes for pre-sowing seed treatment of cultivated plants. The result of the developed technique is that one of the main elements of the plant for pre-sowing seed treatment is the emitter of EM energy, which should form the necessary radiation pattern and provide a sufficient level of power flow density on the grain.
{"title":"RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD \u0000OF EHF BAND ON SEEDS OF CULTURAL PLANTS","authors":"O. Olenyuk, O. Tkach","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2020-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2020-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions, to increase the yield of cultivated plants use pre-sowing seeds with the use of chemical and biological products. Due to the orientation of the world's leading countries on environmentally friendly agricultural production technologies, more and more attention is being paid to the development of electro-technological processing methods. The main advantage of electromagnetic technology for pre-sowing seed treatment with low-energy radiation of the EHF range is the possibility of improving their growth and development by mobilizing the internal reserves of the seed itself, accelerating the diffusion of molecules through the cell membrane, the speed of chemical reactions and causing redness plants and promotes yield without chemical or biological agents or genetic engineering methods. The technology of seed treatment EMF EHF allows to store in the seed all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals, which when processed by other methods is difficult to achieve. The study is based on the analysis of literature, theoretical and experimental studies of the energy and spectral characteristics of the diode generator in the EHF wavelength range, which can be concluded that the increase in plant yields is possible based on the use of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article proposes a technique for investigating the energy characteristics of a semiconductor six-diode generator on avalanche-spanning diodes for pre-sowing seed treatment of cultivated plants. The result of the developed technique is that one of the main elements of the plant for pre-sowing seed treatment is the emitter of EM energy, which should form the necessary radiation pattern and provide a sufficient level of power flow density on the grain.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-2-2
Уляна Недільська
Miscanthus giant is one of the perspective crops for the soil and climatic zone of Ukraine, which is grown as raw material for processing into solid biofuels. However, for industrial use there is no cultivation technology adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. One of the promising directions is to study the conditions of giant miscanthus productivity increasing on the basis of determining the features of plant growth and development, improving the elements of cultivation technology in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe. As a result of the observations and calculations, the peculiarities of plant growth and development in the first and subsequent years of vegetation and the formation of the above ground mass (biomass) of giant miscanthus were analyzed, depending on the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. The regularities of growth conditions dependens, development and formation of miscanthus productivity due to influence of agrotechnical factors of planting density and mass of rhizomes are established in the study. Biometric indices of giant miscanthus plants in sprout height for October make a maximum value of 159 cm for planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with mass of rhizomes 41-70 g. The maximum value of the biomass yield indicator was noted for planting density study of 15,000 units / ha with rhizomes of 41-70 g, which averaged 18.5 tons / ha during the years of analysis. Based on the results of the research, for providing a high productivity of miscanthus giant plants as raw material for Western Forest-Steppe biofuel production, the planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with rhizomes 41-70 g is recommended. Improved technology for the cultivation of giant miscanthus for biofuel production is proposed
{"title":"Growth, Development And Productivity Of Giant Miscanthus","authors":"Уляна Недільська","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Miscanthus giant is one of the perspective crops for the soil and climatic zone of Ukraine, which is grown as raw material for processing into solid biofuels. However, for industrial use there is no cultivation technology adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. One of the promising directions is to study the conditions of giant miscanthus productivity increasing on the basis of determining the features of plant growth and development, improving the elements of cultivation technology in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe. As a result of the observations and calculations, the peculiarities of plant growth and development in the first and subsequent years of vegetation and the formation of the above ground mass (biomass) of giant miscanthus were analyzed, depending on the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. The regularities of growth conditions dependens, development and formation of miscanthus productivity due to influence of agrotechnical factors of planting density and mass of rhizomes are established in the study. Biometric indices of giant miscanthus plants in sprout height for October make a maximum value of 159 cm for planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with mass of rhizomes 41-70 g. The maximum value of the biomass yield indicator was noted for planting density study of 15,000 units / ha with rhizomes of 41-70 g, which averaged 18.5 tons / ha during the years of analysis. Based on the results of the research, for providing a high productivity of miscanthus giant plants as raw material for Western Forest-Steppe biofuel production, the planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with rhizomes 41-70 g is recommended. Improved technology for the cultivation of giant miscanthus for biofuel production is proposed","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131140377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-13
H. Makedon
Considering the European integration course of Ukraine, the processes of decentralization of power and the completion of the Strategy of Sustainable Development of Chernihiv Oblast for the period up to 2020, there is an urgent need to develop a new strategy that should include innovations for the development of an innovative economy and increase of investment attractiveness of the region. The article considers in detail the technique of smart-specialization, which is one of the fundamental principles of political and economic planning of the European Union, which is capable of combining the interests of all target groups in the region in an optimal way. The research is based on data from the Strategy of Smart Specializations of the European Union and the Smart Specialization Platform, taking into account the economic indicators of the Chernihiv region, using such methods as: dialectic, analysis and synthesis, economic-statistical method, graphical method, forecasting method, scientific abstraction, sample survey and grouping. The results of the study include a set of proposals for applying the principles of smart-specialization for the development of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Chernihiv Oblast for the period up to 2027, which will ultimately lead to the economic growth of the region and its business structures and improve the well-being of the population. Application of the technique of smart-specialization to specific sectors of the regional economy of the region, such as tourism and information technology, will be subject to further research
{"title":"Smart Specialization as an Instrument of Strategic Development in Chernigov Region","authors":"H. Makedon","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the European integration course of Ukraine, the processes of decentralization of power and the completion of the Strategy of Sustainable Development of Chernihiv Oblast for the period up to 2020, there is an urgent need to develop a new strategy that should include innovations for the development of an innovative economy and increase of investment attractiveness of the region. The article considers in detail the technique of smart-specialization, which is one of the fundamental principles of political and economic planning of the European Union, which is capable of combining the interests of all target groups in the region in an optimal way. The research is based on data from the Strategy of Smart Specializations of the European Union and the Smart Specialization Platform, taking into account the economic indicators of the Chernihiv region, using such methods as: dialectic, analysis and synthesis, economic-statistical method, graphical method, forecasting method, scientific abstraction, sample survey and grouping. The results of the study include a set of proposals for applying the principles of smart-specialization for the development of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Chernihiv Oblast for the period up to 2027, which will ultimately lead to the economic growth of the region and its business structures and improve the well-being of the population. Application of the technique of smart-specialization to specific sectors of the regional economy of the region, such as tourism and information technology, will be subject to further research","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123199910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-11
L. M. Myhailova, V. H. Kamyshlov, V. M. Dubik, O. V. Horbovyi
The study presents the method of calculation of transients in the technically optimal [2] at speed (e.m.f.) systems with intensity detectors for controlling actions in the direct current drives A comprehensive analysis of the dynamical systems is given by differential equations, the order of which corresponds to the order of differential equations, which describe the corresponding systems. Moreover, the authors proceed from the assumption that the analytical calculations of automatic control systems allow readers to get more complete information on the transients in these systems. The analytical dependencies for all the DC drives considered in the work are provided.In the study of high order systems, a simplified differential equation may allow errors in the calculation of such parameters of the system as the magnitude of the maximum and the rate of increase of anchor current, when selecting the installed power of the converters and, in particular, their voltages. In more in-depth studies related to the formation of current diagrams of the anchor current, as well as in the calculation of the equalization current in dependent control systems. Also, errors can reach large values, since in these cases derivatives of high orders from the main function are used
{"title":"Investigation of Transients in Systems of Subordinate Regulation of Speed of an Engine of a Direct Current With Sensors of Intensity","authors":"L. M. Myhailova, V. H. Kamyshlov, V. M. Dubik, O. V. Horbovyi","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-11","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the method of calculation of transients in the technically optimal [2] at speed (e.m.f.) systems with intensity detectors for controlling actions in the direct current drives A comprehensive analysis of the dynamical systems is given by differential equations, the order of which corresponds to the order of differential equations, which describe the corresponding systems. Moreover, the authors proceed from the assumption that the analytical calculations of automatic control systems allow readers to get more complete information on the transients in these systems. The analytical dependencies for all the DC drives considered in the work are provided.In the study of high order systems, a simplified differential equation may allow errors in the calculation of such parameters of the system as the magnitude of the maximum and the rate of increase of anchor current, when selecting the installed power of the converters and, in particular, their voltages. In more in-depth studies related to the formation of current diagrams of the anchor current, as well as in the calculation of the equalization current in dependent control systems. Also, errors can reach large values, since in these cases derivatives of high orders from the main function are used","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114345419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-9
I. Galych
With the increasing speed of machine-tractor aggregates, the energy intensity of tractors and labor productivity increases. In turn, this leads to an increase in the dynamic loading of nodes and components of machine-tractor aggregates, an increase in the level of oscillation and the emergence of dynamic and vibrational loads, which negatively affects both the node and components of the tractor or the aggregate, and the implementation of agrotechnical requirements. An analysis of recent studies and publications has shown that the introduction of energy-intensive technology into agricultural production leads to a decrease in soil fertility due to spraying and re-compression by engines, which aggravate agro-ecological indicators. In the study, the analysis of sources of vibrations and oscillations of elements of machine-tractor aggregates is presented. The frequency of influence on machine-tractor aggregates of various agrofones at different speeds of motion is analyzed. Experimental studies have determined the spectral density of the hook effort of the tractor during cultivating on disk field and steam. The results of experimental studies of the active damping system are presented. The result of the study is the suggestion to reduce the oscillations of the tractor and agricultural machine to justify comprehensive measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit. Fluctuations of the tractor, caused by sources of excitations, lead to deterioration of the performance of agrotechnical requirements due to the non-straightforwardness of the trajectory of motion, redevelopment of soil. To reduce the vibrations of the tractor and the agricultural machine it is necessary to substantiate the complex measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit
{"title":"Analysis Of Vibration And Oscillation Sources Of Machine-Tractor Aggregates Units","authors":"I. Galych","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing speed of machine-tractor aggregates, the energy intensity of tractors and labor productivity increases. In turn, this leads to an increase in the dynamic loading of nodes and components of machine-tractor aggregates, an increase in the level of oscillation and the emergence of dynamic and vibrational loads, which negatively affects both the node and components of the tractor or the aggregate, and the implementation of agrotechnical requirements. An analysis of recent studies and publications has shown that the introduction of energy-intensive technology into agricultural production leads to a decrease in soil fertility due to spraying and re-compression by engines, which aggravate agro-ecological indicators. In the study, the analysis of sources of vibrations and oscillations of elements of machine-tractor aggregates is presented. The frequency of influence on machine-tractor aggregates of various agrofones at different speeds of motion is analyzed. Experimental studies have determined the spectral density of the hook effort of the tractor during cultivating on disk field and steam. The results of experimental studies of the active damping system are presented. The result of the study is the suggestion to reduce the oscillations of the tractor and agricultural machine to justify comprehensive measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit. Fluctuations of the tractor, caused by sources of excitations, lead to deterioration of the performance of agrotechnical requirements due to the non-straightforwardness of the trajectory of motion, redevelopment of soil. To reduce the vibrations of the tractor and the agricultural machine it is necessary to substantiate the complex measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-1
V. Bidenko, L. A. Kalchuk, V. Z. Trochymenko
Leguminous crops grown in the radioactive contamination zone have the potential to accumulate radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr to a large extent, thus contributing to radioactive contamination of livestock products, milk and meat. One of the effective methods in reducing the accumulation of radionuclides in crop production, in particular fodder, is the application of trace elements that are lacking in the Polissya area of Zhytomyr region. In addition, the trace elements contribute to increasing the yield of plants and improve their nutrition. As a result of the research in the Naroditsky district of Zhytomyr region, Polissya STOV, we found that the application of trace elements in the form of salts of trace elements Co, Cu, Zn, Mn contributed to the increase in the yield of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 2,4 and 3,6%, or on 10 and 10.7 g, of complexones of these trace elements, respectively, on 11,2 and 13,5%, or on 31,0 and 58,0 ts. Salts of trace elements contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of lupine white by 18%, or 1.2 times, yellow lupine - by 11%, 1.2 times. Plasma complexes contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 24%, or in 1,3 times. Specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was high and exceeded the activity of the green mass of lupine yellow in 6.3 times, although the cultivation of cultures was carried out on the same fields, however, at different periods. White lupine was sown in the early spring, during which a considerable amount of precipitation fell during the vegetation period. Therefore, in our opinion, a significant increase in the specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was conditioned by the weather conditions. The maximum specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was 2003 Bq / kg, the minimum is 1526 Bq / kg, which is lower by 477 Bq. Reducing the specific activity of lupine is due to radio-blocking effect of micronutrient complexonates. Salts of trace elements contributed to a 1.2-fold decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of the culture.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Usage of Salts and Compounds of Microelements in The Growth of Lupin on Radioactive Contaminated Soils","authors":"V. Bidenko, L. A. Kalchuk, V. Z. Trochymenko","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Leguminous crops grown in the radioactive contamination zone have the potential to accumulate radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr to a large extent, thus contributing to radioactive contamination of livestock products, milk and meat. One of the effective methods in reducing the accumulation of radionuclides in crop production, in particular fodder, is the application of trace elements that are lacking in the Polissya area of Zhytomyr region. In addition, the trace elements contribute to increasing the yield of plants and improve their nutrition. As a result of the research in the Naroditsky district of Zhytomyr region, Polissya STOV, we found that the application of trace elements in the form of salts of trace elements Co, Cu, Zn, Mn contributed to the increase in the yield of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 2,4 and 3,6%, or on 10 and 10.7 g, of complexones of these trace elements, respectively, on 11,2 and 13,5%, or on 31,0 and 58,0 ts. Salts of trace elements contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of lupine white by 18%, or 1.2 times, yellow lupine - by 11%, 1.2 times. Plasma complexes contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 24%, or in 1,3 times. Specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was high and exceeded the activity of the green mass of lupine yellow in 6.3 times, although the cultivation of cultures was carried out on the same fields, however, at different periods. White lupine was sown in the early spring, during which a considerable amount of precipitation fell during the vegetation period. Therefore, in our opinion, a significant increase in the specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was conditioned by the weather conditions. The maximum specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was 2003 Bq / kg, the minimum is 1526 Bq / kg, which is lower by 477 Bq. Reducing the specific activity of lupine is due to radio-blocking effect of micronutrient complexonates. Salts of trace elements contributed to a 1.2-fold decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of the culture.","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116186788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-3
O. Vasylyshyna
The production of quality products and their efficiency is a pressing issue today. The solution of which is inextricably linked to the introduction of new varieties with a high content of antioxidants, pectins, which have healing and preventive properties. To conduct research in 2016 - 2018 at the L.P. Symyrenko experimental station IS NAAN the following varieties of cherry fruits were selected: Alpha, Zhadan, Chance, Elegant, Artemenko Memory, Optimist, Podbelskaya. The cherry was harvested in the consumer stage of ripeness during the first decade of July. According to the complex of physicochemical and organoleptic parameters, the selection of the best variety of cherry fruits was performed by the method of multicriteria optimization. The aim of the work was, on the basis of a comparative analysis of a set of physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of cherry fruits, using multicriteria optimization, to determine the best varieties recommended for production. The results of studies showed that the weight of cherry fruits ranged from 4,2 to 5,2 g. The content of soluble solids in cherry fruits was at the level of 15,26–15,89% and was predominant for cherries in Artemenko memory and the lowest in Podbelska variety. The sugar content of cherry fruits was 10,14 −10,96%. The level of titratable acids that determine the taste of cherry fruits together with the gourds is in the range from 1,67 to 2,02%. It is the highest for cherry fruits of the Artemenko memory, and the lowest for the Elegant variety. The cherry fruits of the experimental varieties have a significant content of ascorbic acid − 19,15−16,25 mg/100 g. The cherries of the Artemenko memory, and the lowest of the Optimist variety, prevail in the fruits. The tasting rating of cherry fruits is 8−8,7 points. According to the complex of the mentioned above physicochemical and organoleptic indicators by the method of multicriteria optimization such varieties of cherry fruits as Artemenko Memory, Alpha and Zhadana are recommended for production implementation
{"title":"Selection Of The Best Varieties Of Cherry Fruits By The Method Of Multi-Criteria Optimization","authors":"O. Vasylyshyna","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The production of quality products and their efficiency is a pressing issue today. The solution of which is inextricably linked to the introduction of new varieties with a high content of antioxidants, pectins, which have healing and preventive properties. To conduct research in 2016 - 2018 at the L.P. Symyrenko experimental station IS NAAN the following varieties of cherry fruits were selected: Alpha, Zhadan, Chance, Elegant, Artemenko Memory, Optimist, Podbelskaya. The cherry was harvested in the consumer stage of ripeness during the first decade of July. According to the complex of physicochemical and organoleptic parameters, the selection of the best variety of cherry fruits was performed by the method of multicriteria optimization. The aim of the work was, on the basis of a comparative analysis of a set of physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of cherry fruits, using multicriteria optimization, to determine the best varieties recommended for production. The results of studies showed that the weight of cherry fruits ranged from 4,2 to 5,2 g. The content of soluble solids in cherry fruits was at the level of 15,26–15,89% and was predominant for cherries in Artemenko memory and the lowest in Podbelska variety. The sugar content of cherry fruits was 10,14 −10,96%. The level of titratable acids that determine the taste of cherry fruits together with the gourds is in the range from 1,67 to 2,02%. It is the highest for cherry fruits of the Artemenko memory, and the lowest for the Elegant variety. The cherry fruits of the experimental varieties have a significant content of ascorbic acid − 19,15−16,25 mg/100 g. The cherries of the Artemenko memory, and the lowest of the Optimist variety, prevail in the fruits. The tasting rating of cherry fruits is 8−8,7 points. According to the complex of the mentioned above physicochemical and organoleptic indicators by the method of multicriteria optimization such varieties of cherry fruits as Artemenko Memory, Alpha and Zhadana are recommended for production implementation","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-8
L. Tsentylo
All agrotechnical and agrochemical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility have an effect on enzyme activity. Measures such as soil cultivation, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil,activate or suppress the enzymatic processes. The research relies on the intensity and direction of biochemical processes in the soil, containing a series of methods, the use of which has enabled the establishment of a favorable enzymatic active layer of arable chernozem typical. Such methods include: field, laboratory, analysis. The level of differentiation of protease, urease, phosphatase, amylase, catalase, depending on the cultivation of soil and fertilizer, was revealed in the process of comparative analysis of enzymic activity of typical black soil in sunflower agrocenosis. Field experiments on the study of fermentative activity of typical black currant were conducted during 2012-2016. The object of research was soil cover. It was established that the activation of biochemical processes in the soil is ensured by the organo-mineral fertilizer system - compost 4.5 t + N40P48K54 + 3.5 t by-products and seed weight per hectare of crop rotational area. Application of the mineral fertilizer system reduces the enzymatic activity of typical black soil. The highest activity of the protease and catalase passes in the arable layer for powered-unpowered cultivation. Higher phosphatase activity was observed for differentiated soil cultivation. Research on this problem should be continued in order to establish a relationship between the parameters of enzymatic activity of soil with the structure of microbial cenosis of typical black soil of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilization
所有旨在提高土壤肥力的农业技术和农化措施都会对酶活性产生影响。采取土壤栽培、向土壤中施用有机和矿物肥料等措施，激活或抑制酶促过程。该研究依赖于土壤中生化过程的强度和方向，包含了一系列的方法，这些方法的使用已经使典型的耕地黑钙土建立了有利的酶活性层。这些方法包括:现场、实验室、分析。通过对典型黑土向日葵黑穗病土壤酶活性的比较分析，揭示了蛋白酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶在不同土壤和肥料条件下的分化水平。2012-2016年对典型黑加仑的发酵活性进行了田间试验研究。研究的对象是土壤覆盖。结果表明，有机肥系统(堆肥4.5 t + N40P48K54 +副产品3.5 t)和每公顷轮作面积的种子重量保证了土壤生化过程的激活。施用矿肥系统降低了典型黑土的酶活性。在有动力-无动力栽培下，蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在可耕层达到最高。分化土壤中磷酸酶活性较高。为了建立不同基础栽培和施肥制度下典型黑土土壤酶活性参数与微生物群落结构之间的关系，应继续对这一问题进行研究
{"title":"Enzymatic Activity of Chernozem Typical Depending on The Main Cultivation of Soil and Fertilizer","authors":"L. Tsentylo","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"All agrotechnical and agrochemical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility have an effect on enzyme activity. Measures such as soil cultivation, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil,activate or suppress the enzymatic processes. The research relies on the intensity and direction of biochemical processes in the soil, containing a series of methods, the use of which has enabled the establishment of a favorable enzymatic active layer of arable chernozem typical. Such methods include: field, laboratory, analysis. The level of differentiation of protease, urease, phosphatase, amylase, catalase, depending on the cultivation of soil and fertilizer, was revealed in the process of comparative analysis of enzymic activity of typical black soil in sunflower agrocenosis. Field experiments on the study of fermentative activity of typical black currant were conducted during 2012-2016. The object of research was soil cover. It was established that the activation of biochemical processes in the soil is ensured by the organo-mineral fertilizer system - compost 4.5 t + N40P48K54 + 3.5 t by-products and seed weight per hectare of crop rotational area. Application of the mineral fertilizer system reduces the enzymatic activity of typical black soil. The highest activity of the protease and catalase passes in the arable layer for powered-unpowered cultivation. Higher phosphatase activity was observed for differentiated soil cultivation. Research on this problem should be continued in order to establish a relationship between the parameters of enzymatic activity of soil with the structure of microbial cenosis of typical black soil of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilization","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133606265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-6
І. Prymak, І. Panchenko, О. B. Panchenko, S. Levandovska
The study is devoted to the analysis of the influence of four primary processing and fertilizer systems on the change in the number of lumbricides in the arable layer of typical black soil and the productivity of field grain-sowing crop rotation. The study material was the amount of lumbricides in the arable layer of black soil and their distribution depending on the main processing and fertilizer systems. The research methodology is based on experimental data obtained during 2016-2018 with a two-factor stationary field experiment, established in 2006 on the experimental field of the Belotserkovsky NAU. The highest amount of lumbricides in soil layers of 0-10, 20-30 and 0-30 cm is established under differential tillage, that is correspondently 39,3, 5,3 and 61,9 examples per square meter. It is 27,2, 20,5 and 24,0 percent more than on the watch list. Under poweredless and disc tillage there were correspondently 61,1 and 60,0 examples of lumbricides per square meter in a plow layer, so the results were close to powered-powerdless tillage. The decrease of the lumbricides population is observed during a crop vegetation. The biggest decrease in their number in a plow layer is established under powered tillage, that is 58,0%, and the smallest decrease is observed under poweredless tillage – 54,4 %. Under a disc and differential tillage such decrease was correspondently 55,0 and 56,0 %. The exact principles of lumbricides distribution in different parts of a plow layer under different main tillage systems are not established. Only a small increase in their number could be seen in a soil layer of 0-10 cm under poweredless and differential tillage and a decrease was observed under a disc tillage in comparison with the powered one. Thus, from the general number in a plow layer the amount of lumbricides in soil layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm was correspondently: under a powered tillage – 61,9; 29,3 and 8,8%, a poweredless tillage – 63,0; 29,6 and 7,4 %, a powered-poweredless tillage - 63,5; 28,1 and 8,4 %, a disc tillage – 60,0; 31,8 and 8,2 %. After the first, the second and the third levels of fertilization the number of lumbricides population was increasing correspondently 1,56, 2,07 and 2,32 times in comparison with the unfertilized areas. The productivity of a crop rotation does not differ significantly under a powered and a powered-poweredless tillage, but under a disc and poweredless ones it is much lower
{"title":"The Impact of Main Tillage Systems and Typical Chornozemic Soil Fertilisation on The Lumbricides Population in a Plow Layer of Soil and on The Productivity of Short Crop Rotation","authors":"І. Prymak, І. Panchenko, О. B. Panchenko, S. Levandovska","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the analysis of the influence of four primary processing and fertilizer systems on the change in the number of lumbricides in the arable layer of typical black soil and the productivity of field grain-sowing crop rotation.\u0000The study material was the amount of lumbricides in the arable layer of black soil and their distribution depending on the main processing and fertilizer systems. The research methodology is based on experimental data obtained during 2016-2018 with a two-factor stationary field experiment, established in 2006 on the experimental field of the Belotserkovsky NAU.\u0000The highest amount of lumbricides in soil layers of 0-10, 20-30 and 0-30 cm is established under differential tillage, that is correspondently 39,3, 5,3 and 61,9 examples per square meter. It is 27,2, 20,5 and 24,0 percent more than on the watch list. Under poweredless and disc tillage there were correspondently 61,1 and 60,0 examples of lumbricides per square meter in a plow layer, so the results were close to powered-powerdless tillage.\u0000The decrease of the lumbricides population is observed during a crop vegetation. The biggest decrease in their number in a plow layer is established under powered tillage, that is 58,0%, and the smallest decrease is observed under poweredless tillage – 54,4 %. Under a disc and differential tillage such decrease was correspondently 55,0 and 56,0 %.\u0000The exact principles of lumbricides distribution in different parts of a plow layer under different main tillage systems are not established. Only a small increase in their number could be seen in a soil layer of 0-10 cm under poweredless and differential tillage and a decrease was observed under a disc tillage in comparison with the powered one. Thus, from the general number in a plow layer the amount of lumbricides in soil layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm was correspondently: under a powered tillage – 61,9; 29,3 and 8,8%, a poweredless tillage – 63,0; 29,6 and 7,4 %, a powered-poweredless tillage - 63,5; 28,1 and 8,4 %, a disc tillage – 60,0; 31,8 and 8,2 %.\u0000After the first, the second and the third levels of fertilization the number of lumbricides population was increasing correspondently 1,56, 2,07 and 2,32 times in comparison with the unfertilized areas.\u0000The productivity of a crop rotation does not differ significantly under a powered and a powered-poweredless tillage, but under a disc and poweredless ones it is much lower","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"156 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128747142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-4
O. Vedmedenko
The article deals with the study of the influence of paratype and genotypic factors on dairy productivity of cows under the conditions of Kherson region's economy. It was found that animals born in the fall had higher milk yields in the first, second and third lactations compared to peers born in other seasons, and amounted to 7967.4 kg, 85536.9 kg and 8868.6 kg, respectively. The predominance of autumn animals on milk yield, compared to those born in spring, was in the range of 4.1… 10.5%, in summer - 6.6… .11.1%. Analysis of one-factor complexes revealed a significant (P <0.01) force of influence of the season of birth and calving of first-borns on the milk yield and intensity of milk yield of the same level (6.00… .6.17%). The influence of other factors was significant and amounted to 93.8… 94.0%. The highest milk productivity was characterized by Holstein cows belonging to the Chif line. The average milk yield of the third lactation in the group of cows was 9954.5 kg, and exceeded that of other lines within this breed by 510.9… .363.2 kg (P <0.05). The largest difference in productivity of Holstein cow breed over the Ukrainian black and white breed was found among the animals of the Valiant line, which was higher by 1431.5 kg or 17.9%. The milk yield superiority of the different types of Starbak and Chifa breeds was 13.1% and 14.5% respectively. Regarding the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, the lines tested were Chiff and Valiant, with yields of 8691.5 kg and 8012.1 kg, respectively. The two-factor ANOVA revealed that the rock factor had a vaild insignificant effect on the yield of 5.88% (P <0.01). The data from the analysis indicate that 90.6% of other factors are predominant
{"title":"The Effect of Genotypes and Paratype Factors on Cow Productivity","authors":"O. Vedmedenko","doi":"10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the study of the influence of paratype and genotypic factors on dairy productivity of cows under the conditions of Kherson region's economy. It was found that animals born in the fall had higher milk yields in the first, second and third lactations compared to peers born in other seasons, and amounted to 7967.4 kg, 85536.9 kg and 8868.6 kg, respectively. The predominance of autumn animals on milk yield, compared to those born in spring, was in the range of 4.1… 10.5%, in summer - 6.6… .11.1%. Analysis of one-factor complexes revealed a significant (P <0.01) force of influence of the season of birth and calving of first-borns on the milk yield and intensity of milk yield of the same level (6.00… .6.17%). The influence of other factors was significant and amounted to 93.8… 94.0%. The highest milk productivity was characterized by Holstein cows belonging to the Chif line. The average milk yield of the third lactation in the group of cows was 9954.5 kg, and exceeded that of other lines within this breed by 510.9… .363.2 kg (P <0.05). The largest difference in productivity of Holstein cow breed over the Ukrainian black and white breed was found among the animals of the Valiant line, which was higher by 1431.5 kg or 17.9%. The milk yield superiority of the different types of Starbak and Chifa breeds was 13.1% and 14.5% respectively. Regarding the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, the lines tested were Chiff and Valiant, with yields of 8691.5 kg and 8012.1 kg, respectively. The two-factor ANOVA revealed that the rock factor had a vaild insignificant effect on the yield of 5.88% (P <0.01). The data from the analysis indicate that 90.6% of other factors are predominant","PeriodicalId":166753,"journal":{"name":"Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130044707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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