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X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF Mn2O3 AND Mn3O4 NANOPARTICLES SUPPORTED ON MESOPOROUS SILICA SBA-15 介孔二氧化硅SBA-15负载的Mn2O3和Mn3O4纳米颗粒的x射线吸收光谱研究
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000112
Yi-fan Han, K. Ramesh, Luwei Chen, Fengxi Chen, A. Borgna
Mn K-edge absorption measurements were carried out on α-Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 nanocrystals supported on a mesoporous silica, SBA-15. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra demonstrate the existence of the oxidation states of Mn (2+ and 3+) in Mn3O4 and Mn (3+) in Mn2O3, those ions were present in different octahedral environments. Meanwhile, XANES data demonstrate that some Mn atoms that are bonding to the inner wall of the channels as isolated species, may exist as Mn4+ in Mn2O3/SBA-15. In addition, the structure, texture, and electronic properties of nanocomposites were also studied using various characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The formation of the hausmannite Mn3O4 and bixbyite Mn2O3 structures has been confirmed clearly by XRD. The prepared nanocomposites of MnOx showed significant catalytic activity towards CO oxidation below 523 K.
在介孔二氧化硅SBA-15负载的α-Mn2O3和Mn3O4纳米晶体上进行了Mn k边吸收测量。x射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱表明Mn3O4中Mn(2+和3+)和Mn2O3中Mn(3+)存在氧化态,这些离子存在于不同的八面体环境中。同时,XANES数据表明,在Mn2O3/SBA-15中,一些与通道内壁结合的Mn原子可能以Mn4+的形式存在。此外,还利用x射线衍射(XRD)和激光拉曼光谱(LRS)等多种表征技术研究了纳米复合材料的结构、织构和电子性能。通过XRD分析,证实了hausmanite Mn3O4和bixbyite Mn2O3结构的形成。制备的MnOx纳米复合材料对523 K以下的CO氧化具有显著的催化活性。
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引用次数: 4
EFFECTS OF Ar+ SPUTTERING ON VALENCE STATE AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT OF COBALT IN COBALT-DOPED ZINC OXIDE Ar+溅射对钴掺杂氧化锌中钴价态和化学环境的影响
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000136
Zhihua Yong, Tao Liu, Xingyu Gao, Lei Yan, C. Ong, A. Wee
Zn1-xCoxAl0.01O (x = 0, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) films were fabricated on Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the Co-doped ZnO films are polycrystalline with c-axis orientated wurtzite structure. Photoemission revealed a valence state of 2+ and a tetrahedral coordination of Co in the Co-doped ZnO. Ar+ sputtering was performed to investigate the changes to the valence state and the chemical environment of Co at surface and bulk. After Ar+ sputtering, the film composition was found to be closer to the starting target material. This was confirmed by the results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements, indicating the Co-doped ZnO film surface is cobalt-rich.
采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在Si(100)衬底上制备了zn1 - xcoxal0.010 (x = 0,0.15, 0.2, 0.3)薄膜。x射线衍射(XRD)研究表明,共掺杂ZnO薄膜是具有c轴取向纤锌矿结构的多晶。在共掺杂ZnO中,光电发射显示出2+价态和Co的四面体配位。用Ar+溅射法研究了Co在表面和体上价态和化学环境的变化。经Ar+溅射后,发现薄膜成分更接近起始目标材料。x射线荧光(XRF)测量结果证实了这一点,表明共掺杂ZnO薄膜表面富含钴。
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引用次数: 0
HIGH RESOLUTION REFLECTOMETRY AT SINGAPORE SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE 新加坡同步加速器光源的高分辨率反射测量
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000069
P. Yang, H. Moser
X-ray reflectometry (XRR) at Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) is reviewed. The instrument and methods are introduced. Two films made of a poly-(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) film template and indium-tin-oxide (ITO, In2-xSnxO3-2x) are shown as typical applications of XRR. A simulation for spin valve magnetic sandwich layers is also shown as an application of anomalous scattering effect to XRR.
综述了新加坡同步加速器光源(SSLS)的x射线反射测量(XRR)。介绍了检测仪器和方法。由聚苯乙烯-嵌段-2-乙烯基吡啶二嵌段共聚物(PS-b-P2VP)薄膜模板和氧化铟锡(ITO, In2-xSnxO3-2x)制成的两种薄膜是XRR的典型应用。本文还对自旋阀磁夹芯层进行了仿真,作为异常散射效应在XRR中的应用。
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引用次数: 6
DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATORS FOR ADVANCED SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCES 先进同步加速器光源超导波动器的研制
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000100
C. Diao, H. Moser
Superconducting undulators are being developed for their potential to produce either higher photon energy beams at given electron energy facilities or to save accelerator cost by using lower electron energy for given photon energy beams as compared to permanent-magnet undulators. They are expected to play an important role in upgrade projects of third generation sources and are believed to be a key component of fourth generation sources that may be based on Free Electron Lasers (FEL) and Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL). A review is made on the development of superconducting undulators, including some details of the development of superconducting miniundulators and the LIULI program at SSLS.
与永磁波动器相比,超导波动器有潜力在给定的电子能量设施上产生更高的光子能量束,或者通过使用更低的电子能量来节省加速器的成本。它们有望在第三代光源升级项目中发挥重要作用,并被认为是可能基于自由电子激光器(FEL)和能量回收直线加速器(ERL)的第四代光源的关键组成部分。综述了超导微微体的发展,包括超导微微体的发展和SSLS的LIULI项目的一些细节。
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引用次数: 0
ULTRAFAST CHARGE TRANSFER ACROSS MOLECULE/METAL INTERFACES BY RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY 分子/金属界面超快电荷转移的共振光发射光谱研究
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000124
Li Wang, Wei Chen, Xingyu Gao, A. Wee
The authors review recent studies of charge transfer dynamics across molecule/metal interfaces by resonant photoemission spectroscopy done at the Surface, Interface and Nanostructure Science (SINS) beamline, Singapore Light Source Synchrotron. The interfacial charge transfer takes place in the femtosecond scale due to the strong coupling between molecules and metal substrate, indicating that the transport properties of the molecule/metal junction is dominated not only by the chemical nature of molecules but also the interfacial properties of molecule/metal. Resonant photoemission spectroscopy is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the study of ultrafast charge transfer dynamics across molecule/metal interfaces.
本文综述了近年来在表面、界面和纳米结构科学(SINS)光束线、新加坡光源同步加速器上进行的共振光发射光谱技术在分子/金属界面上的电荷转移动力学研究。由于分子与金属基体之间的强耦合作用,在飞秒尺度上发生了界面电荷转移,表明分子/金属结的输运性质不仅受分子化学性质的影响,还受分子/金属界面性质的影响。谐振光发射光谱是研究分子/金属界面超快电荷转移动力学的有力工具。
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引用次数: 0
Fe-INDUCED CHANGE OF ELECTRON AFFINITY AND SECONDARY ELECTRON YIELD ON DIAMOND 铁诱导金刚石上电子亲和和二次电子产率的变化
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000045
Xingyu Gao, D. Qi, Shi Chen, A. Wee, T. Ouyang, K. Loh, Xiaojiang Yu, H. Moser
Fe films grown on clean diamond (100) have been studied using synchrotron-based X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The work function and secondary electron yield (SEY) in UPS of the sample were found to change strongly as Fe film thickness increases. After the deposition of about one monolayer Fe, which was found to react with diamond by XPS, work function reaches its minimum while SEY reaches its maximum due to the formation of a dipole layer between the chemisorbed Fe and C atoms at the interface. This study could help the development of high emittance spin-polarized electron source based on magnetic thin films grown on diamond with low or negative electron affinity.
利用同步辐射x射线光发射光谱(XPS)和紫外光发射光谱(UPS)研究了在清洁金刚石(100)上生长的铁薄膜。随着铁膜厚度的增加,UPS的功函数和二次电子产率发生了较大的变化。通过XPS发现与金刚石发生反应的单层Fe沉积后,由于在界面处化学吸附的Fe和C原子之间形成偶极子层,功函数达到最小,而SEY达到最大。该研究有助于开发基于低或负电子亲合力金刚石磁性薄膜的高发射度自旋极化电子源。
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引用次数: 0
MOLECULAR ORIENTATION AND ENERGY LEVEL ALIGNMENT AT THE CuPc/SAMs INTERFACE CuPc/SAMs界面的分子取向和能级排列
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000094
Wei Chen, Shi Chen, D. Qi, Xingyu Gao, A. Wee
This article highlights recent progress in the use of functionalized self-assembled monolayers for organic electronics, with particular emphasis on the investigation of the CuPc-SAMs interface properties, particularly the energy level alignment and molecular orientation. Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements (NEXAFS) are used to address these issues. It is found that the energy level alignment at the CuPc-SAMs interface depends on the chain length of SAMs. Fermi level pinning occurs at the interface of CuPc with short chain SAMs of 4-trifluoromethyl-benzenethiol (CF3-SAM) and 4-methyl-benzenethiol (CH3-SAM), whereas the vacuum level aligns at the interface of CuPc with long chain SAMs including 1-(p-thiophenyl)-4-phenylbenzene (BBB), 4-(p-thiophenyl)-2, 2', 5, 5'-tetramethoxy-biphenyl (BOO), 1-(p-thiophenyl)-4-(2', 5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-tetrafluorobenzene (BFO) and 4-pentafluorophenyl-1-(p-thiophenyl)-2, 5-dimethoxybenzene (BOF). A significant reduction of the hole injection barrier (Δh) by up to 0.75 eV was observed after deposition of 5 nm CuPc on BOF/Au(111) as compared to the CuPc/Au(111) (Δh = 0.9 eV). Angular-dependent NEXAFS measurements reveal that CuPc molecules adopt a standing up configuration on all SAMs. This suggests that the interface charge transfer has negligible effect on the molecular orientation of CuPc on various SAMs.
本文重点介绍了功能化自组装单层膜在有机电子领域的最新进展,重点介绍了自组装单层膜的界面性质,特别是能级排列和分子取向的研究。基于同步加速器的高分辨率光电发射光谱(PES)和近边缘x射线吸收精细结构测量(NEXAFS)用于解决这些问题。研究发现,在cu - cu - sam界面上的能级排列取决于sam的链长。费米能级钉发生在与短链CuPc地对空导弹的接口4-trifluoromethyl-benzenethiol (CF3-SAM)和4-methyl-benzenethiol (CH3-SAM),而接口的真空水平对齐CuPc与长链地空导弹包括1 - (p-thiophenyl) 4-phenylbenzene (BBB), 4 - (p-thiophenyl) 2、2’,5、5 ' -tetramethoxy-biphenyl(嘘),1 - (p-thiophenyl) 4 - (2 ', 5 ' -dimethoxyphenyl) -tetrafluorobenzene(拍频振荡器)和4-pentafluorophenyl-1——(p-thiophenyl) 2、5-dimethoxybenzene(转炉)。与CuPc/Au(111) (Δh = 0.9 eV)相比,在BOF/Au(111)上沉积5 nm CuPc后,观察到空穴注入势垒(Δh)显著降低了0.75 eV。依赖于角度的NEXAFS测量表明,CuPc分子在所有sam上都采用直立构型。这表明,界面电荷转移对cu在不同的sam上的分子取向的影响可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 0
ARTIFICIAL ENGINEERING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO- AND NANOSCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS FOR THE THz SPECTRAL RANGE 太赫兹光谱范围内微、奈米级电磁超材料的人工工程与表征
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000070
B. Casse, H. Moser, M. Bahou, J. Lee, Stephen Inglis, L. Jian
Electromagnetic metamaterials are a new class of ordered composite materials made from metallic unit structures that exhibit an electric and magnetic response to an incident electromagnetic wavefield such that ∊ and μ become simultaneously negative. We review the recent progress made in manufacturing and characterizing micro- and nanostructured metamaterials from 1 to 216 THz (300 to 1.4 μm, respectively), at the Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, and discuss new developments towards three-dimensional and multilayered metamaterials structures by means of deep X-ray lithography.
电磁超材料是一类由金属单元结构制成的新型有序复合材料,它们在入射电磁波场中表现出电和磁响应,使其和μ同时变为负值。本文综述了在新加坡同步加速器光源下,在1 ~ 216太赫兹(分别为300 ~ 1.4 μm)范围内制造和表征微纳米结构超材料的最新进展,并讨论了利用深x射线光刻技术在三维和多层超材料结构方面的新进展。
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引用次数: 2
NANOFABRICATION FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS 光子应用的纳米制造
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000021
A. Chen, L. Jian, H. Moser
Materials with nanoscale dimensions have unique optical properties, which have been extensively explored and implemented for a variety of functionalized photonic structures and devices. In this paper, the nanofabrication processes for photonic applications are reviewed. The nanofabrication methods can be divided into two major categories: top-down and bottom-up. The main techniques used in each method are discussed in terms of its process capabilities, advantages, limitations, and applications. The cases which involve the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches are also illustrated.
纳米尺度材料具有独特的光学性质,在各种功能化光子结构和器件中得到了广泛的探索和应用。本文综述了用于光子应用的纳米加工工艺。纳米加工方法可分为自顶向下和自底向上两大类。每种方法中使用的主要技术根据其工艺能力、优点、限制和应用进行了讨论。并举例说明了自上而下和自下而上相结合的方法。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS AND DATA STORAGE BY SOFT X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY 用软x射线光谱学表征分子电子学和数据存储材料
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793617908000033
Xiaojiang Yu, H. Moser, Xingyu Gao, A. Wee
SINS is a soft X-ray spectroscopy facility at SSLS, dedicated to Surface, Interface and Nanostructure Science of advanced materials. Developed over the past few years, the SINS end-station includes a photoemission spectroscopy analyzer, LEED, in situ STM/AFM, and a separate sample preparation chamber. Applications to such fields as molecular electronics, high density data storage, and nanonetwork templates are briefly reviewed.
SINS是sls的软x射线光谱学设备,致力于先进材料的表面、界面和纳米结构科学。在过去的几年里,SINS端站包括一个光电光谱分析仪、LEED、原位STM/AFM和一个单独的样品制备室。综述了纳米材料在分子电子学、高密度数据存储和纳米网络模板等领域的应用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Advances in Synchrotron Radiation
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