Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP1-23
Indhira Thirunavukarasu, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun
Background and Purpose: This research aims to investigate the effects of Malay, Chinese and Indian cultural based text types on reading comprehension. Methodology: An exploratory case study research design was employed to explore the use of cultural schemata in reading comprehension of three types of cultural text format: narrative, descriptive and info graphic. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants based on their ethnicities, English proficiency level, and their scores in prior knowledge assessment and retelling assessment. A total of 15 students, between 11- 12 years old, were selected. The retelling technique in written form, a comprehension test and an interview protocol were used as instruments to gather data in this research and they were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings: The overall findings have shown that the comprehension test scores showed better performance in info graphic texts. However, the retelling assessment scores showed better performance in retelling narrative texts. The participants’ main reason for text incomprehensibility was due to the unfamiliar cultural content regardless of the types of text format . Contributions: This study aids teachers in their pedagogical decisions when selecting and adapting cultural texts for reading comprehension Keywords: Comprehension test, cultural schemata, reading comprehension, retelling assessment, text types. Cite as: Thirunavukarasu, I., & Raja Harun, R. N. S. (2021). The effects of cultural based text types in reading comprehension. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp1-23
背景与目的:本研究旨在探讨马来语、汉语和印度文化文本类型对阅读理解的影响。方法:采用探索性案例研究设计，探讨文化图式在叙事、描述和信息图形三种文化文本格式的阅读理解中的应用。采用目的抽样的方法，根据被试的民族、英语水平、先前知识评估和复述评估的得分来选择被试。共有15名11至12岁的学生被选中。本研究采用书面复述技术、理解测试和访谈协议作为收集数据的工具，并对其进行定量和定性分析。研究结果:总体结果表明，理解测试分数在信息图形文本中表现更好。然而，复述评估分数在复述叙事性文本中表现更好。无论何种类型的文本格式，参与者对文本不理解的主要原因是不熟悉的文化内容。关键词:理解测试、文化图式、阅读理解、复述评价、文本类型。引自:Thirunavukarasu, I.， & Raja Harun, R. N. S.(2021)。基于文化的文本类型在阅读理解中的作用。自然科学学报，6(1)，1-23。http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp1-23
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL BASED TEXT TYPES IN READING COMPREHENSION","authors":"Indhira Thirunavukarasu, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP1-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP1-23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: This research aims to investigate the effects of Malay, Chinese and Indian cultural based text types on reading comprehension. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: An exploratory case study research design was employed to explore the use of cultural schemata in reading comprehension of three types of cultural text format: narrative, descriptive and info graphic. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants based on their ethnicities, English proficiency level, and their scores in prior knowledge assessment and retelling assessment. A total of 15 students, between 11- 12 years old, were selected. The retelling technique in written form, a comprehension test and an interview protocol were used as instruments to gather data in this research and they were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. \u0000 \u0000Findings: The overall findings have shown that the comprehension test scores showed better performance in info graphic texts. However, the retelling assessment scores showed better performance in retelling narrative texts. The participants’ main reason for text incomprehensibility was due to the unfamiliar cultural content regardless of the types of text format \u0000. \u0000Contributions: This study aids teachers in their pedagogical decisions when selecting and adapting cultural texts for reading comprehension \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Comprehension test, cultural schemata, reading comprehension, retelling assessment, text types. \u0000Cite as: Thirunavukarasu, I., & Raja Harun, R. N. S. (2021). The effects of cultural based text types in reading comprehension. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp1-23","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85585393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP42-58
Sophat Soeung
Offering private tutoring (PT) to their students is legal in Cambodia. However, teachers are banned from engaging in PT during official hours and holidays. Literature has proven common root causes across contexts such as low salaries, class size, insufficient instructional times and high-stakes examinations. With a new attempt, this narrative paper aims to discuss PT and its effects from the different stakeholders’ perspectives and to reflect PT functions towards mainstream education. On the one hand, symbiosis generates a ‘dependency system,’ divided into two relationships such as ‘commensalism’ between PT and the mainstream system, and ‘mutualism’ between supply and demand side including the mainstream system. On the other hand, parasitism (professional misconduct) exists owing to policy implementers’ laissez-faire approach in exercising the approved codes of conducts. Hence, the parasitism remains in the public classrooms owing to the lack of accountability and monitoring system of the in-charge stakeholders. Its presence enlarges the capacity of the dependency system to cast a shadow over the incomplete shape and size of the mainstream system. Thus, it should be alerted that when it is oversized, this symbiotic function may downplay the mainstream system and moves it away from the core attention of the demand side. Keywords: Cambodia, extra lesson, private tuition, shadow education, supplementary tutoring. Cite as: Soeung, S. (2021). A review of Cambodian private tutoring: Parasitic and symbiotic functions towards the mainstream system. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 42-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp42-58
{"title":"A REVIEW OF CAMBODIAN PRIVATE TUTORING: PARASITIC AND SYMBIOTIC FUNCTIONS TOWARDS THE MAINSTREAM SYSTEM","authors":"Sophat Soeung","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP42-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP42-58","url":null,"abstract":"Offering private tutoring (PT) to their students is legal in Cambodia. However, teachers are banned from engaging in PT during official hours and holidays. Literature has proven common root causes across contexts such as low salaries, class size, insufficient instructional times and high-stakes examinations. With a new attempt, this narrative paper aims to discuss PT and its effects from the different stakeholders’ perspectives and to reflect PT functions towards mainstream education. On the one hand, symbiosis generates a ‘dependency system,’ divided into two relationships such as ‘commensalism’ between PT and the mainstream system, and ‘mutualism’ between supply and demand side including the mainstream system. On the other hand, parasitism (professional misconduct) exists owing to policy implementers’ laissez-faire approach in exercising the approved codes of conducts. Hence, the parasitism remains in the public classrooms owing to the lack of accountability and monitoring system of the in-charge stakeholders. Its presence enlarges the capacity of the dependency system to cast a shadow over the incomplete shape and size of the mainstream system. Thus, it should be alerted that when it is oversized, this symbiotic function may downplay the mainstream system and moves it away from the core attention of the demand side. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Cambodia, extra lesson, private tuition, shadow education, supplementary tutoring. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Soeung, S. (2021). A review of Cambodian private tutoring: Parasitic and symbiotic functions towards the mainstream system. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 42-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp42-58","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP24-41
M. N. Hoque, Md. Faruk Abdullah
Al-Qarawiyyin University's independence in terms of finances had been a significant and influential factor in making it possible for the university to maintain its high quality. Therefore, this paper aims to examine and analyse the financial sources for the development and operation of this university. It reviews and analyses historical data through relevant literature and documents. Waqf played a significant role in providing financial assistance to the university's communities and in strengthening its academic quality. There were four significant types of waqf sources which were the individual fund, the collective waqf fund, the Sultan fund and the alumni fund along with different other types of charities, i.e. sadaqah. This article adds new knowledge by examining the financing experiences of the world's oldest university. It is expected that the instance of Al-Qarawiyyin University may contribute to finding out a solution for the funding crises in contemporary institutions. This review is hoped to constitute a significant contribution to scholarship in general and act as a suggestion for solving the contemporary funding crisis of higher educational institutions. Keywords: Al-Qarawiyyin University, financing higher education, Morocco, Waqf. Cite as: Hoque, M. N., & Abdullah, M. F. (2021). The world's oldest university and its financing experience: A study on Al-Qarawiyyin University (859-990). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 24-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp24-41
{"title":"THE WORLD'S OLDEST UNIVERSITY AND ITS FINANCING EXPERIENCE: A STUDY ON AL-QARAWIYYIN UNIVERSITY (859-990)","authors":"M. N. Hoque, Md. Faruk Abdullah","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP24-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP24-41","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Qarawiyyin University's independence in terms of finances had been a significant and influential factor in making it possible for the university to maintain its high quality. Therefore, this paper aims to examine and analyse the financial sources for the development and operation of this university. It reviews and analyses historical data through relevant literature and documents. Waqf played a significant role in providing financial assistance to the university's communities and in strengthening its academic quality. There were four significant types of waqf sources which were the individual fund, the collective waqf fund, the Sultan fund and the alumni fund along with different other types of charities, i.e. sadaqah. This article adds new knowledge by examining the financing experiences of the world's oldest university. It is expected that the instance of Al-Qarawiyyin University may contribute to finding out a solution for the funding crises in contemporary institutions. This review is hoped to constitute a significant contribution to scholarship in general and act as a suggestion for solving the contemporary funding crisis of higher educational institutions. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Al-Qarawiyyin University, financing higher education, Morocco, Waqf. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Hoque, M. N., & Abdullah, M. F. (2021). The world's oldest university and its financing experience: A study on Al-Qarawiyyin University (859-990). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 24-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp24-41","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77434934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221
S. Chew, L. Ng
Background and Purpose: Recent technological advancements and Covid-19 pandemic have prompted more opportunities for online learning. However, there is a dearth of empirical research that is focused on high school students. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a more comprehensive view of ESL learners’ involvement or word contributions in a ‘normal’ face-to-face situation and in a synchronous online text-based environment by relating it to their personality and language proficiency. Methodology: In this study, a quasi-experiment was carried out over four weeks. It involved eight sessions of face-to-face and online discussions with 48 Malaysian high school students who were divided into two matched-sample groups. The participants' feedback was used to support and provide insights on the findings. The quantitative data were analysed using using IBM SPSS statistics 26 software while the participants’ responses to the online feedback session were analysed using open coding and axial coding strategies. Findings: Statistically significant difference was found in learners’ word contributions during face-to-face and online discussions. Apart from the extroverts with high-intermediate language proficiency, the other groups of learners who are either introverts or having lower level language proficiency were found to produce significantly more words in synchronous online text-based discussions. The non-face-to-face context of online forums might have lowered the learners’ level of anxiety and increased their confidence to interact with their peers. Contributions: Learners’ personalities and language proficiency levels should be considered when choosing a discussion setting and when facilitating discussion activities. More support should be provided for the less proficient or introverted learners to express themselves in a face-to-face discussion. Keywords: Personality, Language proficiency, Computer-mediated communication, Synchronous text-based online discussions, Word contributions Cite as: Chew, S. Y., & Ng, L. L. (2021). The influence of personality and language proficiency on ESL learners' word contributions in face-to-face and synchronous online forums. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 199-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221
背景和目的:最近的技术进步和Covid-19大流行为在线学习提供了更多机会。然而，缺乏针对高中生的实证研究。因此，本研究旨在通过将其与学习者的个性和语言能力联系起来，更全面地了解ESL学习者在“正常”面对面情境和同步在线文本环境中的参与或单词贡献。方法:在本研究中，进行了为期四周的准实验。它包括与48名马来西亚高中生进行面对面和在线讨论的8次会议，他们被分为两个匹配的样本组。参与者的反馈被用来支持和提供对研究结果的见解。采用IBM SPSS统计软件对定量数据进行分析，采用开放式编码和轴向编码策略分析参与者对在线反馈会话的反应。结果:在面对面和在线讨论中，学习者的词汇贡献有统计学上的显著差异。除了具有中高语言水平的外向者外，其他内向者或语言水平较低的学习者在同步在线文本讨论中产生了更多的单词。在线论坛的非面对面环境可能降低了学习者的焦虑水平，增加了他们与同龄人互动的信心。贡献:在选择讨论环境和促进讨论活动时，应考虑学习者的个性和语言能力水平。应该为不熟练或内向的学习者提供更多的支持，让他们在面对面的讨论中表达自己。关键词:个性、语言能力、计算机媒介交流、同步文本在线讨论、Word贡献引文如下:Chew, S. Y. & Ng, L. L.(2021)。个性和语言水平对ESL学习者在面对面论坛和同步在线论坛上的词贡献的影响。自然科学学报，6(1)，199-221。http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY AND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY ON ESL LEARNERS' WORD CONTRIBUTIONS IN FACE-TO-FACE AND SYNCHRONOUS ONLINE FORUMS","authors":"S. Chew, L. Ng","doi":"10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Recent technological advancements and Covid-19 pandemic have prompted more opportunities for online learning. However, there is a dearth of empirical research that is focused on high school students. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a more comprehensive view of ESL learners’ involvement or word contributions in a ‘normal’ face-to-face situation and in a synchronous online text-based environment by relating it to their personality and language proficiency. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: In this study, a quasi-experiment was carried out over four weeks. It involved eight sessions of face-to-face and online discussions with 48 Malaysian high school students who were divided into two matched-sample groups. The participants' feedback was used to support and provide insights on the findings. The quantitative data were analysed using using IBM SPSS statistics 26 software while the participants’ responses to the online feedback session were analysed using open coding and axial coding strategies. \u0000 \u0000Findings: Statistically significant difference was found in learners’ word contributions during face-to-face and online discussions. Apart from the extroverts with high-intermediate language proficiency, the other groups of learners who are either introverts or having lower level language proficiency were found to produce significantly more words in synchronous online text-based discussions. The non-face-to-face context of online forums might have lowered the learners’ level of anxiety and increased their confidence to interact with their peers. \u0000Contributions: Learners’ personalities and language proficiency levels should be considered when choosing a discussion setting and when facilitating discussion activities. More support should be provided for the less proficient or introverted learners to express themselves in a face-to-face discussion. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Personality, Language proficiency, Computer-mediated communication, Synchronous text-based online discussions, Word contributions \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Chew, S. Y., & Ng, L. L. (2021). The influence of personality and language proficiency on ESL learners' word contributions in face-to-face and synchronous online forums. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 199-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp199-221","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP156-175
N. Barizah
Background and Purpose: Indonesia has patent law for more than three decades and has made adjustments with the Trade related of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement by revising such patent law several times with the aim of encouraging innovation and technology transfer as promised by the Agreement, but technological capacity and technology transfer are still low. The purpose of this study is to analyse whether the implementation of international patent law in Indonesia facilitates innovation and technology transfer to increase technological capacity. Methodology: This study used a normative legal research methodology. It used statutory and conceptual approaches. Both approaches were needed to analyse conceptual and theoretical works related to this topic and to examine consistency of applicable laws and policy. Legal resources and legal documents were analysed using descriptive qualitative analysis. Findings: This study found that the implementation of international patent law to promote innovation and technology transfer in Indonesia was still not easy to be seen because the Indonesian Patent Law was not designed comprehensively to promote innovation and technology transfer and lack of consistency of regulations and policies on technology transfer. It also paid less attention to facilitate international technology transfer. Contributions: This study suggests that Indonesia needs comprehensiveness and consistency of all prevailing laws and regulation related to technology transfer, research and development, particularly patent law, to fully use flexibility provided by the TRIPs Agreement to enhance national technological capacity and innovation. Keywords: Indonesian Patent Law, innovation, International Patent Law, technology transfer, TRIPs Agreement. Cite as: Barizah, N. (2021). International patent law and its implementation in Indonesia: Can it facilitate technology transfer? Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 156-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp156-175
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL PATENT LAW AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA: CAN IT FACILITATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER?","authors":"N. Barizah","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP156-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP156-175","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Indonesia has patent law for more than three decades and has made adjustments with the Trade related of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement by revising such patent law several times with the aim of encouraging innovation and technology transfer as promised by the Agreement, but technological capacity and technology transfer are still low. The purpose of this study is to analyse whether the implementation of international patent law in Indonesia facilitates innovation and technology transfer to increase technological capacity. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: This study used a normative legal research methodology. It used statutory and conceptual approaches. Both approaches were needed to analyse conceptual and theoretical works related to this topic and to examine consistency of applicable laws and policy. Legal resources and legal documents were analysed using descriptive qualitative analysis. \u0000 \u0000Findings: This study found that the implementation of international patent law to promote innovation and technology transfer in Indonesia was still not easy to be seen because the Indonesian Patent Law was not designed comprehensively to promote innovation and technology transfer and lack of consistency of regulations and policies on technology transfer. It also paid less attention to facilitate international technology transfer. \u0000 \u0000Contributions: This study suggests that Indonesia needs comprehensiveness and consistency of all prevailing laws and regulation related to technology transfer, research and development, particularly patent law, to fully use flexibility provided by the TRIPs Agreement to enhance national technological capacity and innovation. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Indonesian Patent Law, innovation, International Patent Law, technology transfer, TRIPs Agreement. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Barizah, N. (2021). International patent law and its implementation in Indonesia: Can it facilitate technology transfer? Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 156-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp156-175","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84857594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP136-155
Norliza Dolhan, Z. Othman, N. Idris
Background and Purpose: In the modern globalisation epoch, security threats no longer concern the state’s hostilities, military operation, or nuclear proliferation. It involves non-traditional menaces like human trafficking, which is believed to escalate quickly. The goal of this research is to identify human trafficking activities and to reveal the experiences of victims in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Malaysia. Methodology: This study used a qualitative method through a case study approach. It involved an in-depth interview session with five primary informants (represented as Cases 1 to 5) who were the victims of human trafficking from Bangladesh, a government officer from related agency, two local academicians and a representative of Bangladesh foreign workers’ vending system company. Findings: The study discovered that human trafficking crimes produce detrimental effects on the survival of the victims, especially on the economic and individual security aspect. Their wages are not fully paid and their freedom to socialize is restricted. Contribution: This study calls for policy formulation and policy implementation to protect the interest and security of people despite their citizenship which is considered the most trustworthy, relevant and universal approach in rectifying these illegal activities within Southeast Asia region especially in Malaysia. Keywords: Bangladesh, labour migration, human security, human trafficking. Cite as: Dolhan, N., Othman, Z., & Idris, N. A. (2021). Human trafficking and human security in Southeast Asia: A case study of Bangladeshi foreign workers in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 136-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155
{"title":"HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN SECURITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Norliza Dolhan, Z. Othman, N. Idris","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP136-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP136-155","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: In the modern globalisation epoch, security threats no longer concern the state’s hostilities, military operation, or nuclear proliferation. It involves non-traditional menaces like human trafficking, which is believed to escalate quickly. The goal of this research is to identify human trafficking activities and to reveal the experiences of victims in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Malaysia. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: This study used a qualitative method through a case study approach. It involved an in-depth interview session with five primary informants (represented as Cases 1 to 5) who were the victims of human trafficking from Bangladesh, a government officer from related agency, two local academicians and a representative of Bangladesh foreign workers’ vending system company. \u0000 \u0000Findings: The study discovered that human trafficking crimes produce detrimental effects on the survival of the victims, especially on the economic and individual security aspect. Their wages are not fully paid and their freedom to socialize is restricted. \u0000 \u0000Contribution: This study calls for policy formulation and policy implementation to protect the interest and security of people despite their citizenship which is considered the most trustworthy, relevant and universal approach in rectifying these illegal activities within Southeast Asia region especially in Malaysia. \u0000Keywords: Bangladesh, labour migration, human security, human trafficking. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Dolhan, N., Othman, Z., & Idris, N. A. (2021). Human trafficking and human security in Southeast Asia: A case study of Bangladeshi foreign workers in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 136-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80189983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP59-72
Mas Nooraini Haji Mohiddin, Zuhairah Ariff Abdul Ghadas, Nazri Ramli
Shareholders are members of a company through share capital ownership. They proclaim themselves as “owners” although they have no direct involvement in business management which is wholly vested in the board of directors. In Malaysia, shareholders merely receive bundles of right in the company as prescribed under the Companies Act 2016. Due to the separate legal existence of a company, they are not liable for the company’s debts and liabilities. Contrarily, under Shariah, musharakah is a partnership agreement between individual partners for participation in capital and profits. It essentially regards them as the joint owners of musharakah, treating their existence inseparable from this business entity. The partners collectively share mutual rights and duties in the musharakah business according to their contractual agreement which makes them jointly liable for any liabilities incurred by the musharakah. This article discusses the rights and liabilities of members of a company under Malaysia Law and Shariah. It highlights the substantial distinctions between the shareholders’ rights and liabilities under the Companies Act 2016 and those of partners under musharakah. This article argues that an inculcation of Shariah principles of musharakah into the current legal structure of corporation is needed so that the Shariah-compliant status is always maintained. Keywords: Company, Malaysia, members’ rights and liabilities, Musharakah, rights and liabilities in Musharakah, separate legal entity. Cite as: Haji Mohiddin, M. N., Abdul Ghadas, Z. A., & Ramli, N. (2021). Developing shariah compliant corporation: An appraisal on the rights and liabilities of members under the Malaysia law and shariah. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 59-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp59-72
股东是通过拥有股份资本而成为公司的成员。他们宣称自己是“所有者”，尽管他们没有直接参与企业管理，企业管理完全由董事会负责。在马来西亚，根据2016年公司法的规定，股东只获得公司的捆绑权利。由于公司的独立法律存在，他们对公司的债务和负债不承担责任。相反，根据伊斯兰教法，穆沙拉夫是个人合伙人之间参与资本和利润的合伙协议。从本质上讲，它把他们看作是穆沙拉夫的共同所有者，认为他们的存在与这个商业实体是不可分割的。根据他们的合同协议，合伙人在musharakah业务中共同享有权利和义务，这使得他们对musharakah产生的任何债务共同承担责任。本文讨论了马来西亚法律和伊斯兰教法下公司成员的权利和责任。这凸显了2016年《公司法》下股东的权利和责任与穆沙拉夫卡下合伙人的权利和责任之间的重大区别。本文认为，有必要将穆沙拉夫的伊斯兰教法原则灌输到当前的公司法律结构中，以便始终保持符合伊斯兰教法的地位。关键词:公司，马来西亚，成员的权利和责任，穆沙拉夫，穆沙拉夫的权利和责任，独立法人。引自:Haji Mohiddin, M. N, Abdul Ghadas, Z. A.， & Ramli, N.(2021)。发展符合伊斯兰教法的公司:对马来西亚法律和伊斯兰教法下成员权利和责任的评估。自然科学学报，6(1)，59-72。http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp59-72
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Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241
Nurhamsi Deswila, M. Kustati, Y. Q. Yusuf, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, B. ., R. -
Background and Purpose: Learning materials are powerful resources in facilitating students’ intercultural communication competence; therefore, this study aims to investigate the cultural contents presented in the textbook for Year 11 students in Indonesian secondary schools. Methodology: This study employed a content analysis approach based on the framework by Cortazzi and Jin (1999). The texts, dialogues and images in the textbook were analyzed to understand which culture they represent. Findings: The textbook contains elements of the target culture, native culture and other international cultures in varying degrees. The dominant culture presented in the textbook is the target culture (57.6%). Elements of native culture represent about one-third of the content (30.3%). However, the content related to other international cultures is very limited (12.1%). When there is a lack of exposure to international cultures, students’ cognitive and affective skills may subsequently reduce and this leads to difficulty in developing their intercultural competence. Revision to some parts of the textbook should be done to meet the ideal requirements. Contributions: The study provides insights into the cultural contents of the ELT textbook used in Indonesian secondary schools and it suggests that the textbook should be revised to meet the requirement of intercultural competence. Keywords: ELT textbook, intercultural competence, international culture, native culture, target culture. Cite as: Deswila, N., Kustati, M., Yusuf, Y. Q., Raja Harun, R. N. S., Besral, & Rehani. (2021). Cultural contents in the ELT textbook prepared by the Indonesian ministry of education for secondary schools. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 222-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241
背景与目的:学习材料是培养学生跨文化交际能力的有力资源;因此，本研究旨在调查印尼中学11年级学生教科书中所呈现的文化内容。研究方法:本研究采用基于Cortazzi和Jin(1999)框架的内容分析法。对教材中的课文、对话和图片进行分析，了解它们所代表的文化。发现:教材中不同程度地包含了目的文化、本民族文化和其他国际文化的元素。教材中呈现的主导文化是目标文化(57.6%)。本土文化元素约占内容的三分之一(30.3%)。然而，与其他国际文化相关的内容非常有限(12.1%)。当缺乏对国际文化的接触时，学生的认知和情感技能可能会随之下降，从而导致他们在发展跨文化能力方面的困难。为了达到理想的要求，教科书的某些部分应该修改。贡献:本研究对印尼中学使用的英语教材的文化内容提供了深入的见解，并建议教科书应进行修订以满足跨文化能力的要求。关键词:英语教材，跨文化能力，国际文化，母语文化，目标文化。引用如下:Deswila, N.， Kustati, M.， Yusuf, Y. Q.， Raja Harun, R. N. S.， Besral， & Rehani。(2021)。印尼教育部为中学编写的英语教材中的文化内容。自然科学学报，6(1)，222-241。http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241
{"title":"CULTURAL CONTENTS IN THE ELT TEXTBOOK PREPARED BY THE INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS","authors":"Nurhamsi Deswila, M. Kustati, Y. Q. Yusuf, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, B. ., R. -","doi":"10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Learning materials are powerful resources in facilitating students’ intercultural communication competence; therefore, this study aims to investigate the cultural contents presented in the textbook for Year 11 students in Indonesian secondary schools. Methodology: This study employed a content analysis approach based on the framework by Cortazzi and Jin (1999). The texts, dialogues and images in the textbook were analyzed to understand which culture they represent. Findings: The textbook contains elements of the target culture, native culture and other international cultures in varying degrees. The dominant culture presented in the textbook is the target culture (57.6%). Elements of native culture represent about one-third of the content (30.3%). However, the content related to other international cultures is very limited (12.1%). When there is a lack of exposure to international cultures, students’ cognitive and affective skills may subsequently reduce and this leads to difficulty in developing their intercultural competence. Revision to some parts of the textbook should be done to meet the ideal requirements. Contributions: The study provides insights into the cultural contents of the ELT textbook used in Indonesian secondary schools and it suggests that the textbook should be revised to meet the requirement of intercultural competence. Keywords: ELT textbook, intercultural competence, international culture, native culture, target culture. Cite as: Deswila, N., Kustati, M., Yusuf, Y. Q., Raja Harun, R. N. S., Besral, & Rehani. (2021). Cultural contents in the ELT textbook prepared by the Indonesian ministry of education for secondary schools. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 222-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74870199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP118-135
Pick-Soon Ling, Ruzita Abdul-Rahim
Background and Purpose: Studies focusing on mutual fund managerial abilities and investment style strategies are still scarce in the literature. Thus, this study aims to provide new evidence and insights into the managerial abilities and investment style performances of Malaysian fund managers. Methodology: A total of 444 Malaysian equity mutual funds (EMFs) were evaluated using Carhart’s model incorporated with Treynor-Mazuy (T-M) and Henriksson-Merton (H-M) market timing models for the study period, from January 1995 to December 2017. Findings: Fund managers displayed superior stock selection skills with 32 percent and 43 percent of funds for T-M and H-M respectively, with perverse market timing ability which accounted for 39 percent and 42 percent of funds for T-M and H-M respectively. Perverse timing ability had reduced the superior stock-picking skills of fund managers. This suggests that the EMFs performance could further improve if respective fund managers perform better in market timing ability. The finding also indicates that size effect (SMB) and value effect (HML) play significant roles in investment style strategies, while results of momentum factor (WML) propose that Malaysian fund managers have followed the contrarian strategy. Contributions: This study contributes in several ways especially in the literature of portfolio management as the evidence is obtained from the largest mutual funds sample size and the longest study period. Moreover, this study also used the highest frequency data to study the effects of market timing which were overlooked in previous studies. Keywords: Adjusted carhart, Malaysian market, market timing, mutual fund, stock selection. Cite as: Ling, P-S., & Abdul-Rahim, R. (2021). Managerial abilities and factor investment style performances of Malaysian mutual funds. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 118-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp118-135
{"title":"MANAGERIAL ABILITIES AND FACTOR INVESTMENT STYLE PERFORMANCES OF MALAYSIAN MUTUAL FUND MANAGERS","authors":"Pick-Soon Ling, Ruzita Abdul-Rahim","doi":"10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP118-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JONUS.VOL6ISS1PP118-135","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Studies focusing on mutual fund managerial abilities and investment style strategies are still scarce in the literature. Thus, this study aims to provide new evidence and insights into the managerial abilities and investment style performances of Malaysian fund managers. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: A total of 444 Malaysian equity mutual funds (EMFs) were evaluated using Carhart’s model incorporated with Treynor-Mazuy (T-M) and Henriksson-Merton (H-M) market timing models for the study period, from January 1995 to December 2017. \u0000 \u0000Findings: Fund managers displayed superior stock selection skills with 32 percent and 43 percent of funds for T-M and H-M respectively, with perverse market timing ability which accounted for 39 percent and 42 percent of funds for T-M and H-M respectively. Perverse timing ability had reduced the superior stock-picking skills of fund managers. This suggests that the EMFs performance could further improve if respective fund managers perform better in market timing ability. The finding also indicates that size effect (SMB) and value effect (HML) play significant roles in investment style strategies, while results of momentum factor (WML) propose that Malaysian fund managers have followed the contrarian strategy. \u0000 \u0000Contributions: This study contributes in several ways especially in the literature of portfolio management as the evidence is obtained from the largest mutual funds sample size and the longest study period. Moreover, this study also used the highest frequency data to study the effects of market timing which were overlooked in previous studies. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Adjusted carhart, Malaysian market, market timing, mutual fund, stock selection. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Ling, P-S., & Abdul-Rahim, R. (2021). Managerial abilities and factor investment style performances of Malaysian mutual funds. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 118-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp118-135","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84577370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp384-405
Zurina Khairuddin, Zulaikha Khairuddin, N. Ibrahim
Background and Purpose: Coming from different social and academic cultures, students may exhibit perceptions which are in contrast to the convention of the targeted culture. Hence, this study aims to explore how first-year Malaysian students perceive their interactions in UK seminars. Methodology: Employing qualitative research method, nine Malaysian students were chosen based on two criteria: they have to be first-year students and registered in content modules in UK university. The data were collected from interview and focus group discussion, and the audio-recordings were transcribed and analysed utilising thematic analysis. Findings: The participants of this study perceive their interactions differently. Semek, Enot, Fatin, Ammar, Ming and Izlin mentioned that they responded during seminar discussion if they were nominated by the tutor and most agreed that they did not ask questions because information was provided to them or they could ask the tutor or their friends after the seminar. Fatin however disagreed and asserted that students should ask questions if they did not understand the academic content well. Qaisara, Puspa and Semek also shared that their lack of English language proficiency influenced their lack of contribution which was not the case for Fatin and Ming. Being marginalised as an international student was one of the reasons Semek did not contribute to the seminar discussions in contrast to Qaisara who felt the need to contribute. Contributions: The findings of this study suggest that academic institutions should be flexible in encouraging students to be engaged in seminars as coming from different educational background, these students may require additional help to socialise in academic setting and consequently become expert members. Keywords: Malaysian students, students’ perceptions, students’ interactions, UK seminars, verbal interactions. Cite as: Khairuddin, Z., Khairuddin, Z., & Ibrahim, N. (2020). Malaysian students’ perceptions of their interactions in UK seminars. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 384-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp384-405
{"title":"MALAYSIAN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR INTERACTIONS IN UK SEMINARS","authors":"Zurina Khairuddin, Zulaikha Khairuddin, N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp384-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp384-405","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Coming from different social and academic cultures, students may exhibit perceptions which are in contrast to the convention of the targeted culture. Hence, this study aims to explore how first-year Malaysian students perceive their interactions in UK seminars. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: Employing qualitative research method, nine Malaysian students were chosen based on two criteria: they have to be first-year students and registered in content modules in UK university. The data were collected from interview and focus group discussion, and the audio-recordings were transcribed and analysed utilising thematic analysis. \u0000 \u0000Findings: The participants of this study perceive their interactions differently. Semek, Enot, Fatin, Ammar, Ming and Izlin mentioned that they responded during seminar discussion if they were nominated by the tutor and most agreed that they did not ask questions because information was provided to them or they could ask the tutor or their friends after the seminar. Fatin however disagreed and asserted that students should ask questions if they did not understand the academic content well. Qaisara, Puspa and Semek also shared that their lack of English language proficiency influenced their lack of contribution which was not the case for Fatin and Ming. Being marginalised as an international student was one of the reasons Semek did not contribute to the seminar discussions in contrast to Qaisara who felt the need to contribute. \u0000 \u0000Contributions: The findings of this study suggest that academic institutions should be flexible in encouraging students to be engaged in seminars as coming from different educational background, these students may require additional help to socialise in academic setting and consequently become expert members. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Malaysian students, students’ perceptions, students’ interactions, UK seminars, verbal interactions. \u0000 \u0000Cite as: Khairuddin, Z., Khairuddin, Z., & Ibrahim, N. (2020). Malaysian students’ perceptions of their interactions in UK seminars. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 384-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp384-405","PeriodicalId":16687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78854972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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