Journal of personality assessment最新文献

Research by Gubler et al. (2024) and Lau et al. (2024) evaluated measures of a trait constellation scale (DOES; Depth of Processing, Overstimulation, Emotional Reactivity and Empathy, Sensing the Subtle) and an adult playfulness scale (SMAP; English Short Measure for Adult Playfulness), respectively, bringing a new focus to the role of trait features in mental health and adjustment. We discuss consideration of these trait characteristics in clinical assessment and treatment planning, with attention to their potential cross-cultural applicability and manifestations.

Despite the growing body of research on self-report measures of personality functioning, tests of measurement invariance in immigrant samples have mostly been neglected. The present study aimed to fill this gap by testing measurement invariance of the OPD-Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SQS) across immigrant groups and evaluating the association between personality functioning and mental distress. Methods: Based on representative population samples in Germany comprising N = 6,999 participants, the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the OPD-SQS across different immigrant groups (1st generation immigrants, 2nd generation immigrants, non-immigrants) were examined. Associations of personality functioning and mental distress depending on immigration and generation status were investigated using multiple linear regression. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good model fit of the proposed three-factor structure for all investigated groups. Furthermore, the OPD-SQS was strictly measurement invariant across different immigration groups. The regression model showed a strong, positive association between impairment in personality functioning and mental distress in all groups. The OPD-SQS can be assumed to be strictly invariant. Hence, the OPD-SQS provides a valid and economic screening tool for personality functioning across immigrant groups that can be applied in research on immigrants' mental health.

Resilience is an important ability that helps adolescents resist stress from everyday life. While resilience has been measured in many ways, no measures have been developed specifically for the adolescent population. This study analyzed three popular resilience questionnaires, evaluated their psychometric properties using item response theory and explored their applicability. Graded response model (GRM) was used to compare the psychometric properties of the three questionnaires. The results of the item response theory analysis showed that the CD-RISC-10 provided more average item information (AII) than the CD-RISC and the ER89 in the interval -4 < θ < +2.9 SD. At more than +2.9 SD, CD-RISC has higher AII. We also tested the external validity of the three questionnaires by calculating the correlation of the three questionnaires with the total and dimension scores of the Adolescent Psychological Adaptability Scale (APAS). The correlation coefficient ranged between 0.30 and 0.58. The results also suggest that the CD-RISC-10 can more accurately screen participants across a wide range of resilience levels. The CD-RISC is also suitable for measuring very high levels of resilience.

Numerous versions exist of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA), which is used to assess normative markers of development in the 18-29 age range. However, their comparative psychometric properties have not been adequately explored, and samples including non-college-going emerging adults are rare. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses using survey data from 429 college-going and non-college-going emerging adults (52% female, 44% non-white) showed the IDEA-Short Form (IDEA-SF) to be the most psychometrically and conceptually sound version, demonstrating good fit for the five-factor model proposed by Arnett's (2004) theory of emerging adulthood; initial evidence for concurrent validity of the IDEA-SF scores was also presented. Study 2 (N = 765, 40% non-college-going) tested and found evidence for internal reliability and convergent validity as well as measurement invariance across college-going and non-college-going emerging adults for the IDEA-SF, though evidence for discriminant validity was mixed. Study 3 (N = 817) used data from the openly-available EAMMI3 dataset to examine concurrent and discriminant validity evidence for the IDEA-SF scores with multiple measures of well-being and adult development, respectively; preliminary, albeit weak, evidence of both forms of external validity was found. Suggestions for future research employing and improving the IDEA-SF and clinical implications for mental health clinicians working with emerging adults are discussed.

In schema therapy early adaptive schemas (EASs) and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been found to be independent but related constructs. The Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) was developed and validated in English to measure EASs. The present study investigated psychometric properties of the Dutch translation in a representative sample of 650 non-clinical Dutch individuals. Internal consistencies for all scales were assessed to be acceptable to good. The 14-factor model showed an adequate to good fit to the data. Considering the construct validity, the YPSQ-NL scales showed significant positive correlations with the Big 5 personality traits, life-satisfaction, self-esteem and positive affect, and significant negative correlations with negative affect. Incremental validity of EASs over and above EMSs was shown for these same measures, except positive affect. Construct validity with the Young Schema Questionnaire-S3 (YSQ-S3) showed significant negative correlations between the YPSQ-NL scales and YSQ-S3 negative related constructs, except for Healthy Self-interest/Self-care and Self-sacrifice. Directions for future studies, e.g. in clinical samples, are discussed.

Emotion acceptance is defined as the willingness to experience pleasant and unpleasant emotions. Extant research suggests that emotion acceptance-and its converse, emotion nonacceptance or rejection-importantly contributes to experiences of negative affect, symptoms of psychopathology, and physiological markers of emotional responding. However, no validated measurement scale is available in English for assessing emotion acceptance. The current research involved factor analysis and validation of the Emotion Acceptance Questionnaire (EAQ), drawing from items translated from a German scale (FrAGe). In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis (N = 346) revealed four correlated factors: Reject Unpleasant Emotion, Reject Pleasant Emotion, Accept Unpleasant Emotion, and Accept Pleasant Emotion. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis on another sample (N = 413) corroborated the four-factor measurement structure. Internal reliability coefficients of the subscales were satisfactory or higher. Preliminary convergent and discriminant validities were established by examining the extent the four EAQ subscales correlated with previously validated measures of emotion regulation, mindfulness skills, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. This psychometric investigation offers a novel multidimensional instrument to help conceptualize, understand, and facilitate the assessment of emotional acceptance in future research.

This study evaluated the factorial structure and invariance of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-v2 (MAIA-2). We also investigated incremental validity of the MAIA-2 factors for predicting eating pathology beyond appetite-based interoception. US-based online respondents (N = 1294; M_age=48.7 ± 18.4; 63% cis women; 78% White) were sampled. We conducted hierarchical stepwise regressions, dominance analysis, and multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses across age, gender, and eating disorder symptoms. An 8-factor, 24-item Brief MAIA-2 (BMAIA-2) model showed optimal fit. Using strict criteria ($\Delta$ CFI > 0.002), configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported. After controlling for appetite-based interoception, higher scores on body listening, noticing, and emotional awareness unexpectedly predicted worse eating pathology, while higher scores on not worrying, not distracting, and trusting predicted less eating pathology, as hypothesized. Dominance analysis showed no subscales contributed >2% unique variance to global disordered eating beyond appetite-based interoception. For loss of control eating, however, not worrying was the dominant BMAIA-2 predictor, explaining 5% unique variance beyond appetite-based interoception. Research supported the relevance of multiple interoceptive sensibility dimensions captured by the BMAIA-2 to understanding eating-based pathology. Future studies should consider assessing its incremental validity using behavioral tasks and autonomic biomarkers of interoception to better understand the complex interplay among interoceptive skills and eating behavior.

Future self-continuity is the relationship between an individual's perception of their present and future selves and is attracting intense interest from researchers in psychology and health. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the Future Self-Continuity Questionnaire (FSCQ), a tool designed to measure an individual's future self-continuity, in New Zealand's unique sociocultural context. In Phase 1 we tested the reliability (internal consistency) of the 10 item FSCQ and its three subscales and attempted to replicate the three-factor structure reported previously. In Phase 2 we examined the FSCQ's correlations with established measures like the Future Self-Continuity Scale (FSCS), Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) Scale, Multidimensional Temporal Self-Continuity Scale (MTSCS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results from the first phase confirmed the FSCQ's reliability and construct validity, with strong internal consistency (α ranged from .77 to .87) and a good factorial structure (GFI=.97, RMSEA=.04). In the second phase, the FSCQ demonstrated positive correlations with the FSCS, CFC-14, and MTSCS, and negative correlations with the BHS. These findings suggest that the FSCQ reliably measures FSC, has a robust replicable three-factor structure and is consistent with other relevant psychological constructs. This study demonstrates the applicability of the FSCQ outside the United States for the first time.

As a tool for operationalizing basic psychological needs theory (an aspect of self-determination theory), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) has become the primary self-report measure. Here, with a sample of 807 Canadian military members, we confirm the BPNSFS six content factor structure and, in supporting that structure, demonstrate the differential association of satisfaction and frustration scales with psychological functioning variables that are external to the factor analysis. Although the specific content interpretation of the BPNSFS can be debated, we support the continued use of the BPNSFS as a psychometrically sound instrument.

Recent research has examined similarities and differences between traits and skills. It may be the case that traits and skills can be measured interchangeably with one providing little to no incremental validity over the other. However, methodological limitations constrain our ability to draw firm conclusions. Work in this area thus far has only examined self-reports and single-stimulus Likert items. We carried out two studies to try to determine the extent to which methodology influences observed trait-skill similarity. In Study 1, we collected both self- and observer-reports of traits and skills, and in Study 2, we used both Likert and forced choice items. We examined whether trait-skill similarity in scores and validity evidence varied according to rater and item type. Our findings suggest that trait-skill similarity is unaffected by rater but is affected by item type; forced choice items lend themselves to greater trait-skill similarity.