Journal of personality assessment最新文献

The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) scales are the most widely used instruments in the assessment of psychopathic personality traits. This updated meta-analysis represents the most extensive synthesis of the PCL scales' criterion validity regarding recidivism and institutional outcomes in legal contexts. According to the results, the PCL total score and Factor 2 criterion validity were moderate and significantly higher for Factor 2 than the total score. The criterion validity of Factor 1 was small and significantly lower than Factor 2 and the total score. The criterion validity of the PCL total score varied considerably between outcomes, with moderate effect sizes for general and violent recidivism, institutional misconduct and violence, and small effect sizes for sexual and intimate partner violence recidivism. A moderator analysis indicated country and sex as the only significant predictors moderating the PCL scales' criterion validity. The total score and Factor 2 were less predictive in the United States than in Canada and Europe for institutional violence. Factor 1 was more predictive in females than males for general and violent recidivism. The present findings may support decision-makers in interpreting the prognostic value and limitations of the PCL scales in the criminal justice system. .

The aim of the study was to introduce a concise measure for assessing the impostor phenomenon. We reduced the Perceived Fraudulence Scale (PFS) in a sample of 1,001 Polish-speaking adults through the use of exploratory (n = 500) and confirmatory (n = 501) factor analysis to 12 items, composed of three subscales: self-deprecation, external ability attribution, and inauthenticity. This brief scale showed scalar measurement invariance between men and women, and between students and working professionals. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses further supported individual items' properties. The measure also demonstrated good internal consistency and validity. Impostor phenomenon correlated negatively with self-esteem, emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism), extraversion, conscientiousness, and intellect (i.e., openness to experience). In addition, women scored higher than men on overall impostor phenomenon which was driven only by the self-deprecation aspect. Students scored higher than working professionals on both the general score and all three subscales. The initial psychometric properties suggest that the Brief Impostor Phenomenon Scale (BIPS) is a valid and reliable short measure, supporting its further use in research. These results also add to the currently underdeveloped body of research on the impostor phenomenon in a non-English speaking cultural setting.

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a concept map developed to consolidate research on psychopathy. Recently, the CAPP - Self Report form (CAPP-SR) was developed, but its psychometric properties have not been extensively or independently investigated. The current study evaluated the internal consistency, factorial structure, and construct validity of the CAPP-SR in a large sample of undergraduate and community participants. No organizational structure was superior, but a theoretically supported three factor solution representing behavioral, affective, and interpersonal traits appeared to be the optimal solution. The CAPP-SR demonstrated overlap with other preexisting psychopathy measures and the three-factor solution evinced relatively good convergent and discriminant associations with external criteria. The CAPP-SR seems to measure a similar construct to psychopathy measures, though it remains unclear whether the new measure captures meaningful information neglected by other models or outperforms them in prediction of important outcomes.

Research by Gubler et al. (2024) and Lau et al. (2024) evaluated measures of a trait constellation scale (DOES; Depth of Processing, Overstimulation, Emotional Reactivity and Empathy, Sensing the Subtle) and an adult playfulness scale (SMAP; English Short Measure for Adult Playfulness), respectively, bringing a new focus to the role of trait features in mental health and adjustment. We discuss consideration of these trait characteristics in clinical assessment and treatment planning, with attention to their potential cross-cultural applicability and manifestations.

Our research seeks to contribute to the existing literature on emotion measurement and research by proposing a new anger metric that addresses limitations of previous scales. This metric shows promise in meeting modern standards and drawing from traditional methods, potentially impacting the study of emotions. Additionally, our study explores cross-cultural congruence in assessing anger between English and German speakers, revealing differences in state and trait anger assessment. We offer theoretical perspectives on these cultural variances and emphasize the importance of considering language nuances in cross-cultural emotion assessment. Furthermore, our research delves into the relationship between anger and other emotions within an affective space, suggesting support for the notion that emotions are composite constructs consisting of valence and activation. We also discuss alternative theoretical perspectives on emotion construction to enhance our understanding. Additionally, our study examines the intricate relationship between anger and different forms of aggression, highlighting the association between anger and various aggressive behaviors in work settings. Our findings underscore the influence of personal traits and situational factors on experiences of anger and aggression, offering insights into the relationships between emotional states, traits, and behavior.

Based on Aron's (2020) DOES model, we developed the DOES Scale to measure Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) with four dimensions: Depth of Processing, Overstimulation, Emotional Reactivity, and Sensing the Subtle. Using interview data from the study by Roth et al. (2023), we created a 20-item questionnaire (5 items per dimension) in German and English. In three studies with 1,365 subjects from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and the UK, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis and examined construct validity with the established Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) and different personality measures. The results confirmed each subscale's unidimensionality and good psychometric properties. Considering the four subscales together indicated that they could be best described as correlated factors rather than in terms of a second-order factor. Convergent validity was confirmed, especially for Overstimulation in its association with the HSPS total score and its subscales EOE and LST. Regarding discriminant validity, the Sensing the Subtle dimension exhibited clear distinctiveness, while the other three subscales overlapped with neuroticism, extraversion, empathy, and rumination, aligning with theoretical expectations. The DOES Scale emerges as a reliable, valid tool for assessing SPS, recommending its four dimensions be interpreted as a trait constellation.

Empathy is predominantly assessed with self-report questionnaires. However, their structural validities were not well-supported. This study aimed to re-explore and refine the factor structure of the Chinese version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) and investigate the pathways linked between dimensions of empathy and schizotypy. Data from a valid sample of 1,360 community-dwelling adults (aged 18-35) were subjected to the exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and bootstrap EGA for factor retention. A goodness-of-fit evaluation was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Lastly, a Gaussian graphical model with sum scores of the resultant empathy dimensions, positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, and paranoia as nodes was estimated. Results supported a three-factor structure for the revised 20-item QCAE, demonstrating a good model fit. The new Online simulation subscale was associated with reduced disorganized schizotypy, whereas the new Perspective-taking subscale was associated with decreased disorganized schizotypy and increased positive schizotypy. The composite Affective empathy subscale was associated with decreased negative schizotypy and increased positive and disorganized schizotypy and paranoia. Overall, the revised QCAE demonstrated good structural validity, measuring three separable and internally cohesive factors of empathy. Each factor possessed unique and differential relationships with schizotypy dimensions that merit research and clinical attention.