Journal of personality assessment最新文献

This study (N = 427) examined the predictive and incremental validity of two Dark Triad (DT) measures-the Dirty Dozen (DD) and the Five-Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM)-in relation to self-reported managerial leadership. Prior research shows that unidimensional DT measures like the DD may obscure nuanced trait-outcome relations. In contrast, the FFM ATM disaggregates DT traits into both core personality components (Antagonism, Emotional Stability, Impulsivity, Agency) and traditional DT subscales (e.g., Psychopathy comprises Antagonism, Emotional Stability, and Impulsivity). Results showed that the FFM ATM provided significantly stronger prediction and incremental validity across leadership dimensions. Both its empirically derived core factors and multidimensional DT subscales explained nearly all variance in leadership outcomes and consistently outperformed the DD in predictive accuracy. These findings highlight the value of capturing the multidimensional structure of DT traits when examining their distinct and overlapping relations with leadership. The results support the use of theoretically grounded, empirically robust instruments like the FFM ATM over brief omnibus measures to provide a more precise understanding of how individual differences in DT traits relate to managerial leaderships.

Anticipated regret represents expectations of experiencing regret due to action or inaction. Despite its relevance to negative affective states, such as worry, there remains no published multiitem self-report measure of general proneness toward anticipated regret. This study provides data on psychometric properties of the developed Anticipated Regret Scale (ARS). A sample of 811 respondents was used to examine structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental concurrently validity. Using a split-sample of the total sample for an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a 1-factor solution provided good fit to the data. The ARS evidenced good internal consistency, while correlating significantly more strongly with a measure of postdecisional regret and pessimism relative to positive affect. The ARS shared positive associations with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression symptom severity, while evidencing incremental concurrent validity in relation to GAD, but not depression, symptom severity. Predictive validity was examined in a subsample of the total sample (n = 175), with the ARS predicting regressed change in worry severity from baseline to post-provocation following a worry provocation that occurred, on average, 30 days after completion of the ARS. Study results provide initial support for the ARS.

Central to schema theory is the idea that schemas can be grouped into domains. The organization of these schemas into domains has clinical importance, but debate persists in the literature. This study uses the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) to explore the higher-order structure of adaptive schemas, paralleling the literature on maladaptive schema domains. After validating a Dutch version of the YPSQ in a large Flemish emerging adult sample, a four-domain model was compared to a five-domain model. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 14 adaptive schemas of the YPSQ. Measurement invariance across gender and age groups was confirmed. Discriminant validity (through associations with maladaptive schemas and psychopathology), convergent validity (through associations with well-being measures), and incremental validity (explained variance above and beyond maladaptive schemas) were demonstrated. Both the hypothesized four-domain and five-domain models showed acceptable fit in structural equation modeling, with statistical comparisons favoring the slightly better fit of the four-domain model, as expected. Implications for schema theory and clinical practice are discussed.

The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) scales are the most widely used instruments in the assessment of psychopathic personality traits. This updated meta-analysis represents the most extensive synthesis of the PCL scales' criterion validity regarding recidivism and institutional outcomes in legal contexts. According to the results, the PCL total score and Factor 2 criterion validity were moderate and significantly higher for Factor 2 than the total score. The criterion validity of Factor 1 was small and significantly lower than Factor 2 and the total score. The criterion validity of the PCL total score varied considerably between outcomes, with moderate effect sizes for general and violent recidivism, institutional misconduct and violence, and small effect sizes for sexual and intimate partner violence recidivism. A moderator analysis indicated country and sex as the only significant predictors moderating the PCL scales' criterion validity. The total score and Factor 2 were less predictive in the United States than in Canada and Europe for institutional violence. Factor 1 was more predictive in females than males for general and violent recidivism. The present findings may support decision-makers in interpreting the prognostic value and limitations of the PCL scales in the criminal justice system. .

The aim of the study was to introduce a concise measure for assessing the impostor phenomenon. We reduced the Perceived Fraudulence Scale (PFS) in a sample of 1,001 Polish-speaking adults through the use of exploratory (n = 500) and confirmatory (n = 501) factor analysis to 12 items, composed of three subscales: self-deprecation, external ability attribution, and inauthenticity. This brief scale showed scalar measurement invariance between men and women, and between students and working professionals. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses further supported individual items' properties. The measure also demonstrated good internal consistency and validity. Impostor phenomenon correlated negatively with self-esteem, emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism), extraversion, conscientiousness, and intellect (i.e., openness to experience). In addition, women scored higher than men on overall impostor phenomenon which was driven only by the self-deprecation aspect. Students scored higher than working professionals on both the general score and all three subscales. The initial psychometric properties suggest that the Brief Impostor Phenomenon Scale (BIPS) is a valid and reliable short measure, supporting its further use in research. These results also add to the currently underdeveloped body of research on the impostor phenomenon in a non-English speaking cultural setting.

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a concept map developed to consolidate research on psychopathy. Recently, the CAPP - Self Report form (CAPP-SR) was developed, but its psychometric properties have not been extensively or independently investigated. The current study evaluated the internal consistency, factorial structure, and construct validity of the CAPP-SR in a large sample of undergraduate and community participants. No organizational structure was superior, but a theoretically supported three factor solution representing behavioral, affective, and interpersonal traits appeared to be the optimal solution. The CAPP-SR demonstrated overlap with other preexisting psychopathy measures and the three-factor solution evinced relatively good convergent and discriminant associations with external criteria. The CAPP-SR seems to measure a similar construct to psychopathy measures, though it remains unclear whether the new measure captures meaningful information neglected by other models or outperforms them in prediction of important outcomes.

Research by Gubler et al. (2024) and Lau et al. (2024) evaluated measures of a trait constellation scale (DOES; Depth of Processing, Overstimulation, Emotional Reactivity and Empathy, Sensing the Subtle) and an adult playfulness scale (SMAP; English Short Measure for Adult Playfulness), respectively, bringing a new focus to the role of trait features in mental health and adjustment. We discuss consideration of these trait characteristics in clinical assessment and treatment planning, with attention to their potential cross-cultural applicability and manifestations.