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Opportunities for the AMPD: Commentary on Hopwood, 2024. AMPD 的机遇:对 Hopwood 的评论,2024 年。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2430321
Joost Hutsebaut, Carla Sharp
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引用次数: 0
Defenses and Attachment in Clinical Practice: What Came First? 临床实践中的防御与依恋:先有什么?
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2431126
Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Annalisa Tanzilli

Richardson, Beath, and Boag (this issue) developed a questionnaire designed to measure attachment-related defense mechanisms with considerable promise for research, practice, and training. Their robust design and the sophisticated psychometric techniques used to generate and validate the measure are notable. The goal of this commentary is to situate the measure in contemporary research on defenses, draw a distinction between defenses linked specifically to attachment and defenses more generally, and to stimulate a constructive dialogue with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (DMRS; Di Giuseppe & Perry, 2021; Perry, 1990, 2014), a model and set of measures that has dominated defense mechanism research for half a century.

Richardson、Beath 和 Boag(本期)开发了一份调查问卷,用于测量与依恋相关的防御机制,该问卷在研究、实践和培训方面前景广阔。值得注意的是,他们采用了稳健的设计和复杂的心理测量技术来生成和验证测量结果。本评论的目的是将该测量方法置于当代防御机制研究中,区分与依恋相关的防御机制和更广泛的防御机制,并激发与防御机制评定量表(DMRS;Di Giuseppe & Perry, 2021; Perry, 1990, 2014)的建设性对话。
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引用次数: 0
Further Validation of the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) in Chinese Adolescents. 在中国青少年中进一步验证勇气量表(TMGS)的三元模型。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2430318
Jie Gong, Dong-Li Bei, Dai-Li Pi, Jie Luo

The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) was developed as an innovative measurement designed to evaluate general grit levels, encompassing perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations within a collectivism culture. The present study was undertaken with the aim of examining the factor structure, measurement invariance, empirical validity, and incremental validity of the TMGS among in a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 997, 43.4% males, Mage = 16.64, SDage = 1.05). The results revealed that the original three-factor model of TMGS exhibited the best fit to the data, and supported partial scalar invariance across gender. Additionally, the internal consistency values of the TMGS scores ranged from marginal to acceptable, and the stability coefficients across time were acceptable. Moreover, the TMGS scores showed satisfactory criterion-related validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables (e.g., Grit-S, self-control, and big five personality). Finally, the TMGS scores demonstrated superior incremental validity in predicting academic burnout compared to conscientiousness. Overall, although further studies are needed, our findings suggested that the TMGS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties within a collectivist culture and may serve as a promising tool for assessing grit levels in Chinese adolescents.

勇气三元模型量表(TMGS)是一种创新的测量方法,旨在评估一般勇气水平,包括在集体主义文化中的努力毅力、兴趣一致性和对情境的适应性。本研究以中国青少年(人数=997,男性占43.4%,年龄=16.64,平均年龄=1.05)为样本,考察了TMGS的因子结构、测量不变性、经验效度和递增效度。结果显示,TMGS 的原始三因素模型与数据的拟合度最高,并支持跨性别的部分标度不变性。此外,TMGS 分数的内部一致性值从微不足道到可以接受,跨时间的稳定性系数也可以接受。此外,TMGS 分数与外部标准变量(如 Grit-S、自我控制和五大人格)的分数相关,显示出令人满意的标准相关有效性。最后,与自觉性相比,TMGS 分数在预测学业倦怠方面表现出更高的增量效度。总之,尽管还需要进一步的研究,但我们的研究结果表明,TMGS在集体主义文化中表现出了可接受的心理测量特性,可以作为评估中国青少年勇气水平的一种有前途的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Moving Toward an Online Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): The Impact of Administration Modifications on Narrative Length and Story Richness. 向在线主题感知测验(TAT)迈进:管理修改对叙述长度和故事丰富度的影响。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2425660
Jenelle M Slavin-Mulford, Elyse M Vincent, Savanna G Coleman, Havilah P Ravula, Jeremy J Coleman, Melanie M Wilcox, Michelle B Stein

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is the second most commonly used performance-based task. However, traditional TAT administration is time-consuming and raises accessibility issues. Research exploring administration modifications has found that within a lab setting, having participants type their own narratives leads to richer responses than when participants narrate the stories out loud to an examiner. The current study extends prior research by investigating the impact of card presentation (hard copy versus computer screen) and setting (in the lab versus online) on narrative quality. A four-card TAT protocol was administered to 134 college students in three separate conditions: in lab with hard copies of cards, in lab with images on the computer, and online in which participants could take the TAT wherever they wished. In all conditions, participants typed their narratives. The narratives were scored using the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale- Global Rating Method (SCORS-G). MANOVA procedures showed that SCORS-G ratings were not affected by card presentation or setting and add to prior work to suggest that the TAT can be administered online without a diminution in the quality of SCORS-G ratings at least with some populations.

主题感知测验(TAT)是第二种最常用的基于表现的任务。然而,传统的 TAT 施测既耗时,又存在无障碍问题。研究人员对施测方法的改进进行了探索,发现在实验室环境中,让受试者自己打字叙述故事比受试者大声向考官叙述故事能得到更丰富的回答。本研究通过调查卡片呈现方式(硬拷贝与电脑屏幕)和环境(实验室与网络)对叙述质量的影响,对之前的研究进行了扩展。研究人员在三种不同的条件下对 134 名大学生进行了四张卡片的 TAT 测试:在实验室中使用硬拷贝卡片,在实验室中使用电脑屏幕上的图像,以及在线测试(参与者可以在任何地方进行 TAT 测试)。在所有条件下,参与者都要打字叙述。叙述内容采用社会认知与客体关系量表-总体评分法(SCORS-G)进行评分。MANOVA 程序显示,SCORS-G 评级不受卡片展示或环境的影响,这也补充了之前的研究,表明 TAT 可以在线进行,至少在某些人群中不会降低 SCORS-G 评级的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of the Narrative Identity Self-Evaluation Scale (NISE). 叙事身份自我评价量表(NISE)的开发与验证。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2425663
Majse Lind, Henry R Cowan, Jonathan M Adler, Dan P McAdams

In narrative identity research, variables are typically captured through detailed content-coding of personal narratives. Yet, alternative methods have been suggested, notably self-report scales, because they capture a participant's own interpretation of their personal narratives, and because they are efficient to administer as a supplement to more labor-intensive coding methods. This study developed and validated the Narrative Identity Self-Evaluation (NISE) questionnaire. In Study 1, the questionnaire was developed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 425) and its criterion validity examined. In Study 2, the NISE factor structure and criterion relationships were confirmed (n = 304). In Study 3 (based on the same sample as Study 1), content-coding of 11 narrative identity characteristics in open-ended personal story accounts was conducted, and NISE scores were compared to corresponding content-coded variables. The 20-item NISE has three factors replicating common dimensions in narrative identity (autobiographical reasoning, desire for structure, positive motivational/affective themes) and a novel fourth factor capturing disturbances of narrative identity. The NISE correlated in theoretically-coherent ways with content coded narrative identity variables, self-report traits, and measures relevant for narrative identity, self-concept, well-being, and psychopathology. We discuss the scale's advantages in complementing content-coding of narrative accounts to assess variation in narrative identity within both clinical and non-clinical populations.

在身份叙事研究中,变量通常是通过对个人叙事进行详细的内容编码来捕捉的。然而,也有人提出了其他方法,特别是自我报告量表,因为它们能捕捉到参与者自己对其个人叙述的解释,而且作为劳动密集型编码方法的补充,它们的管理效率也很高。本研究开发并验证了叙事身份自我评价(NISE)问卷。在研究 1 中,通过探索性因子分析(n = 425)编制了问卷,并对其标准效度进行了检验。在研究 2 中,NISE 的因子结构和标准关系得到了确认(n = 304)。在研究 3 中(基于与研究 1 相同的样本),对开放式个人故事叙述中的 11 个叙事身份特征进行了内容编码,并将 NISE 分数与相应的内容编码变量进行了比较。由 20 个项目组成的 NISE 有三个因子复制了叙事身份认同的常见维度(自传推理、对结构的渴望、积极的动机/情感主题),还有一个新颖的第四因子捕捉叙事身份认同的干扰。NISE 与内容编码的叙事认同变量、自我报告特征以及与叙事认同、自我概念、幸福感和心理病理学相关的测量指标之间存在理论上一致的相关性。我们讨论了该量表在补充叙事内容编码以评估临床和非临床人群叙事认同差异方面的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Developing the Short Form of the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES-SF). 开发社会和情感技能调查简表(SSES-SF)。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2416416
Faming Wang, Ronnel B King

Given the critical role of socio-emotional skills in students' academic success, psychological well-being, and other critical life outcomes, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) developed the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) to measure these skills among school-age students. However, the broad conceptual scope of socio-emotional skills necessitated the use of a large number of items (i.e., 120 items) in the original SSES, which poses challenges regarding survey administration and participant fatigue. To address these issues, this study aimed to develop a short form of the SSES (i.e., SSES-SF). The sample included 29,798 15-year-old students across 10 regions. We developed a 45-item version of SSES-SF using the machine learning approach of genetic algorithm, which is 62.5% shorter than the original 120-item SSES. The reliability, construct validity, reproduced information, concurrent validity, and measurement invariance of the SSES-SF were investigated. We found that the SSES-SF demonstrated satisfactory reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity. Furthermore, the SSES-SF was able to reproduce a substantial amount of information from the original full-form SSES and exhibited measurement invariance across genders, regions, and language groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

鉴于社会情感技能在学生的学业成功、心理健康和其他重要生活结果中的关键作用,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)开发了社会情感技能调查(SSES)来测量学龄学生的这些技能。然而,由于社会情感技能的概念范围很广,因此在最初的社会情感技能调查中必须使用大量的项目(即 120 个项目),这给调查管理和参与者疲劳带来了挑战。为解决这些问题,本研究旨在开发 SSES 的简表(即 SSES-SF)。样本包括 10 个地区的 29,798 名 15 岁学生。我们利用遗传算法的机器学习方法开发了 45 个项目的 SSES-SF,比原来 120 个项目的 SSES 缩短了 62.5%。我们对 SSES-SF 的信度、建构效度、再现信息、并发效度和测量不变性进行了研究。我们发现,SSES-SF 的信度、建构效度和并发效度均令人满意。此外,SSES-SF 还能再现原始全表 SSES 中的大量信息,并在不同性别、地区和语言组之间表现出测量不变性。本文讨论了研究结果的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Equally vs. unequally keyed blocks in forced-choice questionnaires: Implications on validity and reliability. 强迫选择问卷中的等键块与不等键块:对有效性和可靠性的影响
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2420869
Diego F Graña, Rodrigo S Kreitchmann, Francisco J Abad, Miguel A Sorrel

Forced-choice (FC) questionnaires have gained scientific interest over the last decades. However, the inclusion of unequally keyed item pairs in FC questionnaires remains a subject of debate, as there is evidence supporting both their usage and avoidance. Designing unequally keyed pairs may be more difficult when considering social desirability, as they might allow the identification of ideal responses. Nevertheless, they may enhance the reliability and the potential for normative interpretation of scores. To empirically investigate this topic, data were collected from 1,125 undergraduate Psychology students who completed a personality item pool measuring the Big Five personality traits in Likert-type format and two FC questionnaires (with and without unequally keyed pairs). These questionnaires were compared in terms of reliability, convergent and criterion validity, and ipsativity of the scores, along with insights on the construction process. While constructing questionnaires with unequally keyed blocks presented challenges in matching items on their social desirability, the differences observed in terms of reliability, validity, or ipsativity were sporadic and lacked systematic patterns. This suggests that neither questionnaire format exhibited a clear superiority. Given these results, it is recommended using only equally keyed blocks to minimize potential validity issues associated with response biases.

过去几十年来,强迫选择(FC)问卷受到了科学界的广泛关注。然而,是否在 FC 问卷中加入不等键值的项目对仍然是一个争论的话题,因为有证据支持使用和避免使用不等键值的项目对。考虑到社会期望性,设计不等键值的项目对可能会更加困难,因为它们可能会让人识别出理想的回答。不过,它们可能会提高评分的可靠性和规范解释的可能性。为了对这一课题进行实证研究,我们收集了 1125 名心理学本科生的数据,他们完成了一个以李克特类型格式测量五大人格特质的人格项目库和两份 FC 问卷(有不等键对和无不等键对)。我们对这些问卷的信度、收敛效度、标准效度和分数的同位性进行了比较,并对问卷的制作过程进行了深入分析。虽然使用不等键块构建问卷在匹配项目的社会可取性方面遇到了挑战,但在信度、效度或同点性方面观察到的差异只是零星的,缺乏系统的模式。这表明这两种问卷形式都没有明显的优越性。鉴于这些结果,建议只使用键值相同的区块,以尽量减少与回答偏差相关的潜在有效性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-Brief Therapeutic Assessment with Three Chinese Adult Clients: A Case-Based Time-Series Pilot Study. 对三位中国成人客户进行超简短治疗评估:基于案例的时间序列试点研究。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2422432
Qi-Wu Sun, Zhi-Huan Wang, Ming Wang, Stephen E Finn

Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is a relatively new, short-term intervention that uses psychological tests to address clients' persistent problems in living. The core feature of TA is that assessors and clients work collaboratively in all the phases of the process, and psychological tests are used as "empathy magnifiers" to help assessors understand clients' "dilemmas of change" and promote positive change. An "ultra-brief" TA protocol involving an Initial Session, Test Administration and Extended Inquiry, and Summary/Discussion Session was undertaken with three adult clients in China. A case-based time-series design with daily measures was used to assess the outcome of TA. Recruited in a natural setting, all 3 clients benefited from participation in the TA. These results suggest that Ultra-brief TA may be a promising treatment for Chinese adult clients with a variety of psychological concerns.

治疗性评估(TA)是一种相对较新的短期干预措施,它利用心理测试来解决求助者在生活中持续存在的问题。治疗性评估的核心特点是,评估者和求助者在整个过程的各个阶段都要通力合作,而心理测试则被用作 "移情放大镜",帮助评估者理解求助者的 "改变困境",并促进其积极改变。我们与中国的三位成年客户开展了一项 "超简短 "的心理辅导方案,包括初始会谈、测试管理和扩展探究,以及总结/讨论会谈。采用基于案例的时间序列设计和每日测量来评估 TA 的结果。在自然环境中招募的 3 名受助者都从参与助教活动中受益。这些结果表明,对于有各种心理问题的中国成年求助者来说,超简短TA可能是一种很有前景的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Language Dominance and Cultural Identity Predict Variation in Self-Reported Personality in English and Spanish Among Hispanic/Latino Bilingual Adults. 语言优势和文化认同感可预测西班牙裔/拉美裔双语成年人用英语和西班牙语自我描述的人格差异。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2416412
Morgan Gianola, Maria M Llabre, Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin

Language is a fundamental aspect of human culture that influences cognitive and perceptual processes. Prior evidence demonstrates personality self-report can vary across multilingual persons' language contexts. We assessed how cultural identification, language dominance, or both dynamically influence bilingual respondents' self-conception, via self-reported personality, across English and Spanish contexts. During separate English and Spanish conditions, 133 Hispanic/Latino bilingual participants (70 female) completed the Big Five Inventory of personality. We used language use and acculturation surveys completed in both languages to calculate participants' relative language dominance and identification with U.S.-American and Hispanic culture. Participants reported higher levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism in English relative to Spanish. Language dominance predicted cross-language differences in personality report, with higher extraversion reported in participants' dominant language. Within each language, greater endorsement of U.S.-American identity was associated with higher extraversion and conscientiousness and lower reported neuroticism. Agreeableness report in both languages was positively predicted by Hispanic identification. Our results clarify existing literature related to language and cultural effects on personality report among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. These findings could inform assessments of self-relevant cognitions across languages among bilingual populations and hold relevance for health outcomes affected by cultural processes.

语言是影响认知和感知过程的人类文化的一个基本方面。先前的证据表明,人格自我报告会因多语言者的语言环境而不同。我们评估了在英语和西班牙语语境中,文化认同、语言优势或两者如何通过自我人格报告动态地影响双语受访者的自我认知。在分别使用英语和西班牙语的情况下,133 名西班牙裔/拉美裔双语受试者(70 名女性)完成了大五人格问卷。我们使用以两种语言完成的语言使用和文化适应调查来计算参与者的相对语言优势以及对美国和西班牙文化的认同。与西班牙语相比,英语参与者的合意度、自觉性和神经质水平更高。语言优势预测了人格报告的跨语言差异,参与者的优势语言报告了更高的外向性。在每种语言中,对美籍美国人身份认同度越高,外向性和自觉性越高,神经质越低。用两种语言报告的 "合意性 "会受到西班牙裔身份认同的正向预测。我们的研究结果澄清了有关语言和文化对美国西班牙裔/拉美裔人格报告影响的现有文献。这些发现可以为评估双语人群中不同语言的自我相关认知提供参考,并对受文化进程影响的健康结果具有现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Alpha and Beta and Sources of Common Variance: Theoretical Underpinnings and a Practical Example. 理解 Alpha 和 Beta 以及共同方差的来源:理论依据和实例。
IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2420175
Steven P Reise, Mark G Haviland

Coefficient alpha estimates the degree to which scale scores reflect systematic variation due to one or more common dimensions. Coefficient beta, on the other hand, estimates the degree to which scale scores reflect a single dimension common among all the items; that is, the target construct a scale attempts to measure. As such, the magnitude of beta, relative to alpha, informs on the ability to meaningfully interpret derived scale scores as reflecting a single construct. Despite its clear interpretative usefulness, coefficient beta is rarely reported and, perhaps, not well understood. As such, we first describe how coefficient alpha and beta are analogues to model-based reliability coefficients omega total and omega hierarchical. We then demonstrate with simulated data how these indices function under a variety of data structures. Finally, we perform a hierarchical cluster analysis of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire's Stress Reaction Scale, estimating alpha and beta, as clusters form. This demonstrates a chief advantage of alpha and beta; they do not require a formal structural model. Moreover, we illustrate how scales that primarily are based on sets of homogeneous item clusters can "ramp up" to yield reliable scores with conceptual breadth and predominantly reflect the intended target construct.

系数α估计的是量表分数反映一个或多个共同维度引起的系统性变化的程度。而贝塔系数则估计了量表分数反映所有项目共同的单一维度的程度,也就是量表试图测量的目标结构。因此,相对于 alpha 而言,beta 系数的大小有助于将量表得分有意义地解释为反映单一建构的能力。尽管贝塔系数具有明显的解释作用,但它却很少被报告,或许也没有被很好地理解。因此,我们首先描述了系数α和β是如何与基于模型的信度系数欧米茄总系数和欧米茄分层系数类似的。然后,我们用模拟数据演示了这些指数如何在各种数据结构下发挥作用。最后,我们对多维人格问卷的压力反应量表进行了分层聚类分析,估计了聚类形成过程中的α和β。这证明了阿尔法和贝塔的主要优势;它们不需要正式的结构模型。此外,我们还说明了主要基于同质项目群集的量表是如何 "提升 "到具有概念广度并主要反映预期目标结构的可靠分数的。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of personality assessment
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