Journal of personality assessment最新文献

This invited commentary evaluates the impact of Lakhani and colleagues who reported on two studies aimed at developing and evaluating a new tool for the assessment of mentalizing capacity. The commentary places the work of Lakhani et al. in the context of routine clinical care and discusses additional approaches to the assessment of mentalizing that may be considered. The commentary furthermore highlights the importance of the assessment of mentalizing in the context of other, more descriptive approaches to personality assessment.

Anticipated regret represents expectations of experiencing regret due to action or inaction. Despite its relevance to negative affective states, such as worry, there remains no published multiitem self-report measure of general proneness toward anticipated regret. This study provides data on psychometric properties of the developed Anticipated Regret Scale (ARS). A sample of 811 respondents was used to examine structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental concurrently validity. Using a split-sample of the total sample for an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a 1-factor solution provided good fit to the data. The ARS evidenced good internal consistency, while correlating significantly more strongly with a measure of postdecisional regret and pessimism relative to positive affect. The ARS shared positive associations with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression symptom severity, while evidencing incremental concurrent validity in relation to GAD, but not depression, symptom severity. Predictive validity was examined in a subsample of the total sample (n = 175), with the ARS predicting regressed change in worry severity from baseline to post-provocation following a worry provocation that occurred, on average, 30 days after completion of the ARS. Study results provide initial support for the ARS.

The Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) is a valuable tool for measuring the common factors and severity of personality pathology. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the LPFS-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) among 539 college students, using the Symptom Checklist-10 (SCL-10), Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF), Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15), Suicide Behavior Screening Questionnaire (SBSQ), and Five-Factor Borderline Inventory-Short Form (FFBI-SF) to examine criterion-related validity. Another sample of 3,284 students completed the LPFS-BF 2.0 for network analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit (CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.0491). LPFS-BF 2.0 showed significant positive correlations with SCL-10, SBSQ total score and subdimension (r = 0.219-0.688, p < .01), PID-5 total score and subdimension, and CBF-PI-15 total score, neuroticism and extroversion (r = 0.589-0.729, p < .01). There was a significant positive correlation between FFBI-SF score and subdimension (0.457-0.796, p < .01). Network analysis indicated LPF12 (difficulty in interpersonal cooperation) as the most central item. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the Chinese LPFS-BF 2.0, making it effective for assessing personality functioning. In particular, the network findings highlight the central role of interpersonal dysfunction in personality functioning and may inform future clinical assessment and intervention strategies.

It is essential to understand the perception of self-continuity across time to understand the nature of personal identity and its development. To fill a gap in existing psychological research, this study introduces a novel scale designed to measure past self-continuity from narrative and essentialist perspectives. We developed and validated the Past Self-Continuity Scale through four studies involving Japanese university students, adults, and high school students. This scale differentiates between narrativity-based continuity, where past and present selves are integrated into a coherent story, and essentialist-based continuity, which focuses on the stability of the core of the self attributes over time. Results indicate that narrative and essentialist strategies for perceiving self-continuity are distinct and may change with development. The development of this scale advances our ability to measure and understand the complex nature of self-continuity and its implications to identity development and psychological well-being.

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new assessment approaches that can help overcome the limitations of traditional Likert-item scales in measuring complex, subjective constructs. To demonstrate this, we introduce and validate a novel LLM-based methodology for psychological assessment by applying it to Future Self-Continuity (FSC), the perceived connection, including similarity, vividness, and positivity, between present and future selves. We used an LLM (Claude 3.5 Sonnet) to perform natural language processing (NLP) on transcripts of audio responses to 15 theory-based interview prompts. Data from 164 MTurk participants (including 93 with past-year suicide ideation, who were oversampled to examine clinical utility) yielded quantitative NLP-FSC scores that significantly correlated with the Future Self-Continuity Questionnaire (FSCQ; r = 0.57), supporting convergent validity. A Bland-Altman analysis also indicated acceptable agreement. Replication using one older and two updated LLM versions confirmed the method's robustness (inter-model total score r = 0.91, 0.88, and 0.84). Exploratory analysis using the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQR) found that the NLP assessment captured unique variance in the perceived likelihood of a future suicide attempt beyond the FSCQ, suggesting potential clinical implications. This validated NLP approach offers a nuanced assessment of FSC, advancing psychological measurement methodology in research and, potentially, clinical practice.

This study evaluated the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) as a screening tool for personality disorder (PD) in adolescents. Data from clinical (n = 127) and community (n = 139) samples of adolescents aged 12 to 17 were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modeling supported the five-factor structure, with good to excellent internal consistency. Nomological validity was demonstrated through correlations with other measures of personality and psychopathology. All PID-5-BF domains, except antagonism, differed significantly between adolescents with borderline PD (BPD), non-BPD inpatients, and community controls. However, only negative affectivity showed significantly higher mean scores among inpatient youths with BPD compared to those without BPD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that only negative affectivity among the PID-5-BF domains demonstrated diagnostic accuracy in the lower moderate range for identifying BPD, whereas the total score and other domains showed limited performance. In comparison, a measure of identity diffusion demonstrated stronger discriminative ability. Overall, these findings suggest that the PID-5-BF might be a useful tool for identifying pathological personality trait-related risk factors associated with general psychopathology. However, its utility might be more limited in accurately detecting BPD specifically within adolescent populations.

The World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index has been widely used to assess adolescents' well-being. However, its structural properties and measurement invariance at both between- and within-country levels have been underexamined in this population. The present study aimed to fill this gap. Relying on a nationally representative sample of 9,007 school attendees in Luxembourg (M_AGE = 14.7; SD_AGE = 2.4; 48.7% female) and on both classical test theory and item response theory, I assessed the scalability, reliability, monotonicity, factorial structure, convergent validity, and sociodemographic measurement invariance of the WHO-5. Measurement invariance was investigated across groups differing in terms of academic performance, country of birth, language, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of school. The WHO-5 exhibited strong scalability (Loevinger's H = .550) as well as satisfactory reliability (McDonald's ω = .84), monotonicity, factorial validity, and convergent validity. Measurement invariance held across all the examined subgroups. This study suggests that the WHO-5 is a sound, unidimensional measure of well-being that can be used for comparisons across various sociodemographic adolescent groups.

Epistemic trust is the capacity of an individual to assimilate new information and engage with their surroundings. This study focused on the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ) among individuals seeking treatment for common mental health issues (N = 378) compared to a non-clinical group (N = 357). The study aimed to validate the ETMCQ clinically, assess its consistency across clinical groups and community controls, and explore the relationship between epistemic attitudes (trust, mistrust, and credulity), mentalizing, and mental health problems by comparing the two groups. The ETMCQ's three-factor structure showed acceptable reliability and validity in the clinical setting. The measurement invariance analyses showed complete metric consistency but only partial scalar and strict consistency, with certain items not aligning across groups (Items 1, 3, 4 for scalar consistency; 2, 12, 14 for strict consistency). The results indicated that difficulties in mentalizing and increased levels of epistemic trust, mistrust, and credulity were linked to a greater likelihood of experiencing clinical distress. These outcomes underline the effectiveness of the ETMCQ in distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical individuals. However, researchers should use caution with the epistemic trust component of the questionnaire which appears to reflect a paradoxical epistemic attitude.

The primary goal of this study was to develop a concise, theoretically grounded tool -the Holistic Wellbeing Measure (HWM)- that captures both hedonic and eudaimonic facets of wellbeing. Items for the HWM were generated through a careful review of existing wellbeing scales and literature, followed by expert consultation, pilot testing, and iterative refinement to ensure conceptual coverage, clarity, and face validity. Data were collected from three distinct samples: adolescents (n = 453), young adults (n = 361), and adults (n = 358). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure, with 12 items reflecting independent but related hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing dimensions. The measure demonstrated strong internal reliability and evidence of convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity across all age groups. Regression analyses further indicated that the HWM contributed unique variance to the prediction of general health indicators (physical, social, and mental health) and psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and somatization), above the effects of gender, age, and psychological wellbeing. These results suggest that the HWM is a valid and reliable measure for assessing both aspects of wellbeing across age groups and can support strategies aimed at promoting overall mental health.

The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) was developed to assess alexithymia as a multidimensional construct consistent with the attention-appraisal model. This study evaluated the hierarchical structure of the PAQ using Goldberg's bass-ackwards method across student and community samples. Results consistently revealed a general alexithymia factor at the highest level of the hierarchy, with limited evidence of stable or distinct dimensions at the lower levels. Although some components, such as externally oriented thinking and positive emotion valence items showed partial differentiation, the overall pattern did not support the proposed five-factor dimensional model, indicating that the PAQ does not provide a reliable multidimensional assessment of the alexithymia construct. While the PAQ was developed to provide a multidimensional profile by incorporating both positive and negative emotion processing, our results indicate that it is best conceptualized and interpreted as measuring a single, unidimensional construct.