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Personality Functioning, Problems in Living, and Personality Traits 人格功能、生活问题和人格特质
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2345880
Christopher J. Hopwood
The publication of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) was a signpost achievement in the personality assessment. However, research on the AMPD has generally not led to either a dee...
人格障碍替代模式(AMPD)的发布是人格评估领域的一项标志性成就。然而,对 AMPD 的研究一般都没有得出结论。
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引用次数: 0
The Dimensionality of the Moral Foundations: Contributions from the Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale in Four Societies. 道德基础的维度:四个社会中道德基础神圣性量表的贡献。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2245895
Pedro J C Costa, Paulo A S Moreira

Moral Foundations Theory proposes that five innate modules offer an intuitive response that drives our moral judgments. Various instruments were developed to measure the five moral foundations, including the MFV and the MFQ-30 which focus on deliberative moral reasoning. This approach is limited because intuitions are more basic and affect-laden. The Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale (MFSS) was designed to elicit responses that more closely resemble these phenomena. However, studies have not converged on a factorial structure for the MFSS, and measurement invariance has never been assessed. Our study sought to evaluate these properties across four adult samples, via Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, and the associations between the MFSS's scales and relevant constructs. We found that a two-factor solution, reflecting the individualizing and binding foundations, had a reasonable fit, and had invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) across gender, age groups, and (configural) four international samples. The scales were reliable, had construct validity with the MFQ-30, and criterion-related validity with the binding moderately predicting belief in God/spirit and religious behaviors. The convergence we found regarding the MFSS's factorial structure across groups has important implications for the dimensionality of these constructs, and - ultimately - for the development of Moral Foundations Theory.

道德基础理论(Moral Foundations Theory)认为,五个先天模块提供了一种直觉反应,驱动着我们的道德判断。人们开发了各种工具来测量这五种道德基础,其中包括侧重于审慎道德推理的 MFV 和 MFQ-30。这种方法存在局限性,因为直觉更为基本,且带有情感色彩。道德基础神圣性量表(MFSS)的设计目的是诱发更接近这些现象的反应。然而,有关 MFSS 的因子结构的研究并不一致,而且从未对其测量不变性进行过评估。我们的研究试图通过探索性结构方程模型来评估四个成人样本的这些特性,以及 MFSS 量表与相关结构之间的关联。我们发现,反映个性化和约束性基础的双因素解决方案具有合理的拟合度,并且在不同性别、年龄组和(配置)四个国际样本之间具有不变量(配置、度量和标度)。这些量表是可靠的,与 MFQ-30 具有建构效度,与绑定具有标准相关效度,可适度预测对神/灵的信仰和宗教行为。我们发现,MFSS 的因子结构在不同群体间存在趋同性,这对这些建构的维度以及--最终--对道德基础理论的发展具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Utility of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale in Maternal Samples: A Brief Report. 人格功能水平量表在产妇样本中的应用:一份简要报告。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258961
Jennifer J Phillips, Michael J Roche, Martha Ann Bell

Maternal personality plays a role in how a mother parents her children and adolescents. Current trait-based measures of personality are acceptable for use in maternal samples, but the presence or absence of given personality traits might not be enough to describe how personality relates to parenting. The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) could serve as a solution, as it was designed to capture level of dysfunction in personality without being reliant on specific personality traits. Research, however, has yet to demonstrate the LPFS as a useful measure of personality in maternal samples, thus the goal of this study. A sample of 123 mothers reported on behavioral problems in their adolescent-aged children and their own personality using both a trait-based measure and the LPFS. Our data showed that maternal reports on the LPFS were associated with maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems, in addition to being an acceptable measure of personality in our maternal sample. We also provide support for incremental validity of the LPFS in our sample, as the LPFS uniquely predicted maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems even after controlling for maternal personality traits. Our results are discussed in light of the limitations of the extant work on maternal personality and add to the literature by demonstrating that the LPFS is an acceptable and ubiquitous measure of personality in maternal samples.

母亲的个性在母亲如何养育子女和青少年方面发挥着重要作用。目前基于特征的人格测量方法可用于母亲样本,但给定人格特征的存在或不存在可能不足以描述人格与养育子女的关系。人格功能水平量表(LPFS)可以作为一种解决方案,因为它旨在捕捉人格功能障碍的水平,而不依赖于特定的人格特征。然而,研究尚未证明LPFS是衡量母亲样本个性的有用指标,因此是本研究的目标。123名母亲的样本使用基于特征的测量和LPFS报告了她们青春期孩子的行为问题和她们自己的个性。我们的数据显示,母亲对LPFS的报告与母亲对青少年行为问题的看法有关,此外,在我们的母亲样本中,LPFS是一种可接受的人格衡量标准。我们还为样本中LPFS的增量有效性提供了支持,因为即使在控制了母亲的个性特征后,LPFS也能独特地预测母亲对青少年行为问题的感知。我们的研究结果是根据现有关于母亲个性的工作的局限性进行讨论的,并通过证明LPFS是母亲样本中可接受和普遍存在的个性测量来补充文献。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing and Comparing Univariate, Multivariate, and Bifactor Generalizability Theory Designs for Hierarchically Structured Personality Traits. 层次结构人格特征的单变量、多变量和双因子泛化理论设计的分析与比较。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2268193
Walter P Vispoel, Hyeryung Lee, Tingting Chen, Hyeri Hong

We demonstrate how to use structural equation models to represent generalizability theory-based univariate, multivariate, and bifactor model designs. Analyses encompassed multi-occasion data obtained from the recently expanded form of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-2) that measures the broad personality domain constructs Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Negative Emotionality, and Open-Mindedness along with three nested subdomain facets within each global domain. Results overall highlighted the importance of taking both item and occasion effects into account but underscored additional benefits of the multivariate and bifactor designs in providing more appropriate indices of generalizability for composite scores and effective ways to gauge subscale added value. Bifactor models further extended partitioning of universe score variance to separate general and group factor effects at both composite and subscale levels, expanded score consistency indices to distinguish or combine such effects, and allowed for further evaluation of score dimensionality and subscale viability. We provide guidelines, formulas, and code in R for analyzing all illustrated designs within the article and extended online Supplemental Material.

我们演示了如何使用结构方程模型来表示基于可推广性理论的单变量、多变量和双因子模型设计。分析包括从最近扩展的五大清单(BFI-2)中获得的多场合数据,该清单衡量了广泛的人格领域结构——合意性、认真性、外向性、消极情绪和开放性,以及每个全局领域中的三个嵌套子域。结果总体上强调了同时考虑项目和场合影响的重要性,但强调了多元和双因子设计在为综合得分提供更合适的可推广性指数和衡量分量表附加值的有效方法方面的额外好处。双因子模型进一步扩展了宇宙得分方差的划分,以在复合和分量表水平上分离一般和群体因素效应,扩展了得分一致性指数以区分或组合这些效应,并允许进一步评估得分维度和分量表存活力。我们提供R中的指导方针、公式和代码,用于分析文章和扩展的在线补充材料中的所有插图设计。
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引用次数: 0
A Further Examination of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) in Italy and U.S: Measurement Equivalence, Convergent, Discriminant, and Predictive Validity. 意大利和美国多维工作狂量表(MWS)的进一步检验:测量等效性、收敛性、判别性和预测效度。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2276268
Carmela Buono, Paola Spagnoli, Malissa Clark, Nicholas J Haynes, Danila Molinaro, Cristian Balducci

In the current study we replicated and extended the validation of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale through: 1) the examination of the relationship between the MWS and the Bergen Work Addiction Scale; 2) the test of measurement invariance of the U.S. and the Italian versions; and 3) the analysis of predictive validity of the MWS through a series of cross-lagged panel models on a two-wave Italian sample (N = 304), including work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. Configural, metric and partial scalar invariance was achieved on a sample of 591 Italian and 313 U.S. workers. Results supported convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the Italian version. Evidence of the predictive role of workaholism was found in relation to work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. Finally, the different dimensions demonstrated some incremental validity in the prediction of specific outcomes over and above other dimensions of the MWS. In sum, we provided additional evidence of the validity of the MWS, which represents a tool for researchers and practitioners, validating its use in Italy to better understand the workaholism phenomenon.

本研究通过对多维工作狂量表与卑尔根工作成瘾量表之间关系的检验,对多维工作狂量表的有效性进行了复制和扩展;2)美国和意大利版本的测量不变性检验;3)通过一系列交叉滞后面板模型对意大利两波样本(N = 304)的预测效度进行分析,包括工作-家庭冲突和情绪耗竭。在591个意大利和313个美国样本上实现了构型、度量和部分标量不变性工人。结果支持意大利语版本的收敛效度、判别效度和预测效度。在工作-家庭冲突和情绪耗竭方面发现了工作狂预测作用的证据。最后,不同的维度在预测特定结果方面比MWS的其他维度表现出一定的增量有效性。总之,我们为MWS的有效性提供了额外的证据,它代表了研究人员和从业人员的工具,验证了它在意大利的使用,以更好地理解工作狂现象。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating a Brief Big Five Personality Test in a Diverse Chinese Sample: The Role of Midpoint Designs and Reversely-Worded Items. 在多元化中国样本中评估简易大五人格测验:中点设计和反向措辞题目的作用。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258978
Qiong Wu, Yan Sun, Puiwa Lei

Response styles present a threat to the validity of data from Likert scales. This study evaluates a brief personality test administered by interviewers to a diverse Chinese sample, focusing on two factors with direct impacts on response styles, the midpoint designs and the inclusion of reversely-worded items. We randomly assign respondents into three midpoint designs: masked midpoint, explicit midpoint and removed midpoint. Cronbach's alpha tends to be low and is not drastically affected by midpoint designs. Score reliability estimates from the removed and explicit midpoint designs are above or close to .60 along the whole score range for openness, but not the other subscales. The masked midpoint design presents some advantages in criterion relationship validity evidence based on correlations with demographic, behavioral, subjective and cognitive variables. Dropping reversely-worded items increases the estimates of Cronbach's alpha, but shows no positive effects on the criterion relationship validity. In conclusion, for interviewer-administered brief personality scales applied to Chinese respondents, masked midpoint design that aims to reduce a possible overuse of midpoint presents some advantages in the overall psychometric properties, but the inclusion of reversely-worded items shows mixed effects.

回答方式对李克特量表数据的有效性构成威胁。本研究评估了由面试官对不同中国样本进行的简短性格测试,重点关注了对回答风格有直接影响的两个因素,即中点设计和包含反向措辞项目。我们将受访者随机分配到三种中点设计中:屏蔽中点、明确中点和移除中点。Cronbach'sα往往较低,不会受到中点设计的严重影响。去掉中点和明确中点设计的得分信度估计值在开放性的整个得分范围内都高于或接近 0.60,但在其他分量表中则没有。根据与人口统计学、行为学、主观和认知变量的相关性,掩蔽式中点设计在标准关系效度证据方面具有一定的优势。删除反向措辞的项目会增加 Cronbach's alpha 的估计值,但不会对标准关系效度产生积极影响。总之,对于适用于中国受访者的访谈者自编简明人格量表,旨在减少可能过度使用中点的掩蔽中点设计在总体心理测量学特性方面具有一定优势,但加入反向词条则显示出不同的效果。
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引用次数: 0
All the Same? Different Measures of Personality Functioning Are Similar but Distinct. A Comparative Study from a Psychodynamic Perspective Using Exploratory Graph Analysis. 都一样吗?人格功能的不同测量方法相似但有区别。利用探索性图表分析从心理动力学角度进行的比较研究》。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2251150
Larissa Vierl, Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter, Cord Benecke, Carsten Spitzer, Florian Juen

Personality functioning (PF) is a central construct in many theories of personality pathology. Based on psychodynamic theories, two screening questionnaires to assess PF are widely used: The Inventory of Personality Organization-16 item version and the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Structure Questionnaire Short Form. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences of the two questionnaires in a large clinical sample of N = 1636 psychotherapeutic inpatients. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the global scores and between the subscales. The study further used Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to explore the dimensionality of the items. The stability of estimates was evaluated using a bootstrap version of EGA (bootEGA). The results indicated that the two questionnaires are highly correlated, yet not multicollinear, and moderate to large correlations were found between their subscales. EGA revealed six dimensions that fairly represented the original subscales. BootEGA showed that the dimensions and items were stable, except for one item that did not load sufficiently on any dimension. The findings suggest that although the questionnaires are highly correlated, their subscales tap into distinct domains of PF. We discuss implications stemming from these findings for clinical and scientific practice.

人格功能(PF)是许多人格病理学理论的核心概念。基于心理动力学理论,有两种评估人格功能的筛查问卷被广泛使用:这两份筛查问卷分别是:人格组织量表-16 个项目版和操作化心理动力学诊断-结构问卷简表。本研究的目的是在一个由 1636 名心理治疗住院患者组成的大型临床样本中探讨这两种问卷的异同。研究采用了相关性分析来检验总分和各分量表之间的关联。研究还使用了探索性图表分析法(EGA)来探索项目的维度。估计值的稳定性是通过 EGA 的 bootstrap 版本(bootEGA)进行评估的。结果表明,这两份问卷高度相关,但不存在多重共线性,其子量表之间存在中等至较大的相关性。EGA 显示了六个维度,这些维度公平地代表了原始的子量表。BootEGA 显示,除了一个项目没有在任何维度上充分加载外,其他维度和项目都很稳定。这些研究结果表明,虽然问卷之间存在高度相关性,但其子量表所涉及的 PF 领域却截然不同。我们讨论了这些发现对临床和科学实践的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Developing the Sense of Belonging Scale and Understanding Its Relationship to Loneliness, Need to Belong, and General Well-Being Outcomes. 发展归属感量表并理解其与孤独感、归属感需求和总体幸福感的关系。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2279564
Christopher Mellinger, Anne Fritzson, Bernadette Park, Sona Dimidjian

The construct of belonging has played a central role in psychological theories for many years, prompting research that benefits many people. However, there is little consensus for how to measure sense of belonging. We developed an 8-item measure of belonging that is easily adapted to specific contexts. The items capture a sense of being valued, accepted, included/connected, and fitting into a social environment. Study 1 examined candidate items and facilitated item selection. Study 2 demonstrated internal consistency and convergent validity of the scale. Loneliness and belonging were inversely correlated but each made independent contributions predicting general measures of well-being. Together, they fully mediated the effect of positive social contact on three of the four well-being measures. Study 3 experimentally demonstrated the differential sensitivity of specific (belonging at your university) and global (belonging in general) forms of the scale. Participants who wrote about an experience of inclusion relevant to a specific context reported more belonging than participants who wrote about an exclusion experience, but only on the specific, and not global, scale. The measure of belonging reported here is validated in adult samples; it is a flexible tool for research on the sense of belonging, its antecedents, and consequences.

多年来,归属感的构建一直在心理学理论中发挥着核心作用,推动了许多使许多人受益的研究。然而,对于如何衡量归属感,学界鲜有共识。我们开发了一个8项的归属衡量标准,很容易适应特定的环境。这些物品捕捉到一种被重视、被接受、被包容/被联系,并融入社会环境的感觉。研究1检查候选项目并促进项目选择。研究2验证了量表的内部一致性和收敛效度。孤独感和归属感呈负相关,但各自对预测幸福感的总体指标都有独立贡献。总之,他们完全调节了积极的社会接触对四项幸福感测量中的三项的影响。研究3通过实验证明了特定(属于您的大学)和全球(属于一般)量表形式的差异敏感性。与写排斥经历的参与者相比,写与特定背景相关的包容经历的参与者报告了更多的归属感,但这只是在特定范围内,而不是全球范围内。这里报告的归属感测量在成人样本中得到了验证;它是研究归属感及其前因后果的灵活工具。
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引用次数: 0
Less Evaluative Measures of Personality in Job Applicant Contexts: The Effect on Socially Desirable Responding and Criterion Validity. 求职者情境中较少评价性的人格测量:对社会理想反应和标准效度的影响》(The Effect on Socially Desirable Responding and Criterion Validity.
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2251158
Joshua K Wood, Jeromy Anglim, Sharon Horwood

Researchers have long sought to mitigate the detrimental effects of socially desirable responding on personality assessments in high-stakes contexts. This study investigated the effect of reducing the social desirability of personality items on response distortion and criterion validity in a job applicant context. Using a 2 × 2 repeated measures design, participants (n = 584) completed standard (International Personality Item Pool) and less evaluative (Less Evaluative Five Factor Inventory) measures of Big Five personality in a low-stakes context and then several weeks later in a simulated job applicant context. Self-report criteria with objective answers, including university grades, were also obtained. In general, the less evaluative measure showed less response distortion than the standard measure on some metrics, but not on others. Declines in criterion validity in the applicant context were smaller for the less evaluative measure. In the applicant context, however, validities were similar across the two measures. Correlations across contexts for corresponding traits (e.g., low-stakes extraversion with high-stakes extraversion) were also similar for both measures. In summary, reducing socially desirable item content might slightly reduce the substantive content required to predict criteria in low-stakes contexts, but this effect appears to be partly offset by reduced response distortion for less evaluative measures in applicant contexts.

长期以来,研究人员一直在努力减轻社会期望性反应对高风险情境下人格测评的不利影响。本研究调查了在求职者情境中,降低人格项目的社会期望性对反应失真和标准效度的影响。采用 2 × 2 重复测量设计,参与者(n = 584)在低风险情境中完成了标准(国际人格项目库)和低评价性(低评价性五因素量表)的大五人格测量,几周后又在模拟求职者情境中完成了标准(国际人格项目库)和低评价性(低评价性五因素量表)的大五人格测量。此外,还获得了带有客观答案的自我报告标准,包括大学成绩。总的来说,在某些指标上,评价性较低的测量结果比标准测量结果显示出较少的反应失真,但在其他指标上则不然。在申请人的情况下,评价性较低的测量标准有效性的下降幅度较小。然而,在申请人情境中,两种测量方法的效度相似。两种测量方法在不同情境下的相应特质相关性(如低评价外向性与高评价外向性)也相似。总之,减少社会期望项目的内容可能会略微减少预测低风险情境中标准所需的实质性内容,但这种影响似乎会被申请人情境中评价性较低的测量所减少的反应失真所部分抵消。
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引用次数: 0
Test Design and Response Styles: Considerations for Clinical Practice. 测试设计和反应风格:临床实践中的注意事项。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2327625
Matthew R Baity
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引用次数: 0
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