Journal of personality assessment最新文献

Future self-continuity is the relationship between an individual's perception of their present and future selves and is attracting intense interest from researchers in psychology and health. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the Future Self-Continuity Questionnaire (FSCQ), a tool designed to measure an individual's future self-continuity, in New Zealand's unique sociocultural context. In Phase 1 we tested the reliability (internal consistency) of the 10 item FSCQ and its three subscales and attempted to replicate the three-factor structure reported previously. In Phase 2 we examined the FSCQ's correlations with established measures like the Future Self-Continuity Scale (FSCS), Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) Scale, Multidimensional Temporal Self-Continuity Scale (MTSCS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results from the first phase confirmed the FSCQ's reliability and construct validity, with strong internal consistency (α ranged from .77 to .87) and a good factorial structure (GFI=.97, RMSEA=.04). In the second phase, the FSCQ demonstrated positive correlations with the FSCS, CFC-14, and MTSCS, and negative correlations with the BHS. These findings suggest that the FSCQ reliably measures FSC, has a robust replicable three-factor structure and is consistent with other relevant psychological constructs. This study demonstrates the applicability of the FSCQ outside the United States for the first time.

Recent research has examined similarities and differences between traits and skills. It may be the case that traits and skills can be measured interchangeably with one providing little to no incremental validity over the other. However, methodological limitations constrain our ability to draw firm conclusions. Work in this area thus far has only examined self-reports and single-stimulus Likert items. We carried out two studies to try to determine the extent to which methodology influences observed trait-skill similarity. In Study 1, we collected both self- and observer-reports of traits and skills, and in Study 2, we used both Likert and forced choice items. We examined whether trait-skill similarity in scores and validity evidence varied according to rater and item type. Our findings suggest that trait-skill similarity is unaffected by rater but is affected by item type; forced choice items lend themselves to greater trait-skill similarity.

As a tool for operationalizing basic psychological needs theory (an aspect of self-determination theory), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) has become the primary self-report measure. Here, with a sample of 807 Canadian military members, we confirm the BPNSFS six content factor structure and, in supporting that structure, demonstrate the differential association of satisfaction and frustration scales with psychological functioning variables that are external to the factor analysis. Although the specific content interpretation of the BPNSFS can be debated, we support the continued use of the BPNSFS as a psychometrically sound instrument.

In response to Cannon's widely accepted fight-or-flight system, Taylor et al. proposed the tend-and-befriend hypothesis to better capture variance in women's stress response behaviors. The Tend-and-Befriend Questionnaire (TBQ) measures self-reported individual differences in the use of fight, flight, tend, and befriend. Several studies have used this scale to evaluate sex differences in these behaviors, yet it has not yet been rigorously evaluated. Using three samples (N = 1094), we first explore the factor structure of the TBQ to produce and validate a revised measure, the TBQ-Short Form (TBQ-SF). Next, we evaluate the claim that women use tend-and-befriend more than men. Results indicated that the TBQ-SF provided both reliable subscales and largely acceptable model fit, yet the factor structure and validity varied across the three samples. While men do report more fighting than women, both men and women report use tending and befriending more than fighting or fleeing. Finally, other variables-namely attachment-capture more variance in TBQ-SF factors than sex. While the TBQ-SF does capture differences in stress reactions (fight, flight, tend/befriend), we suggest that the scale is most reliable in measuring overall stress reactivity. Therefore, future research should aim to construct a better scale specific to tend-and-befriend using alternative methodologies.

Clinical assessment increasingly emphasizes six maladaptive domains of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models, including negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism/dissociality, disinhibition, psychoticism, and anankastia. The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of the ICD-11 compatible Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF + M). Data from a mixed sample including 1,615 adults (community N = 1,476 and outpatient N = 139) were used to assess the latent structure, congruence coefficients, reliability, convergent validity, and criterion validity of the PID5BF + M. The results supported the six-factor structure of the PID5BF + M whose traits are largely congruent with those from previous studies. The scale reliabilities were acceptable, and strong associations were observed with personality disorder-type symptom counts (r ranging from .15 to .59, all p < .001). PID5BF + M scales also distinguished clinical and non-clinical samples. The present results support the validity and utility of the PID5BF + M for personality psychopathology screening in the Iranian population.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is the second most commonly used performance-based task. However, traditional TAT administration is time-consuming and raises accessibility issues. Research exploring administration modifications has found that within a lab setting, having participants type their own narratives leads to richer responses than when participants narrate the stories out loud to an examiner. The current study extends prior research by investigating the impact of card presentation (hard copy versus computer screen) and setting (in the lab versus online) on narrative quality. A four-card TAT protocol was administered to 134 college students in three separate conditions: in lab with hard copies of cards, in lab with images on the computer, and online in which participants could take the TAT wherever they wished. In all conditions, participants typed their narratives. The narratives were scored using the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale- Global Rating Method (SCORS-G). MANOVA procedures showed that SCORS-G ratings were not affected by card presentation or setting and add to prior work to suggest that the TAT can be administered online without a diminution in the quality of SCORS-G ratings at least with some populations.

In narrative identity research, variables are typically captured through detailed content-coding of personal narratives. Yet, alternative methods have been suggested, notably self-report scales, because they capture a participant's own interpretation of their personal narratives, and because they are efficient to administer as a supplement to more labor-intensive coding methods. This study developed and validated the Narrative Identity Self-Evaluation (NISE) questionnaire. In Study 1, the questionnaire was developed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 425) and its criterion validity examined. In Study 2, the NISE factor structure and criterion relationships were confirmed (n = 304). In Study 3 (based on the same sample as Study 1), content-coding of 11 narrative identity characteristics in open-ended personal story accounts was conducted, and NISE scores were compared to corresponding content-coded variables. The 20-item NISE has three factors replicating common dimensions in narrative identity (autobiographical reasoning, desire for structure, positive motivational/affective themes) and a novel fourth factor capturing disturbances of narrative identity. The NISE correlated in theoretically-coherent ways with content coded narrative identity variables, self-report traits, and measures relevant for narrative identity, self-concept, well-being, and psychopathology. We discuss the scale's advantages in complementing content-coding of narrative accounts to assess variation in narrative identity within both clinical and non-clinical populations.

Although employee selection is typically oriented toward the assessment of knowledge, skills, and abilities to identify employees who will complement such an environment, it is perhaps equally important to distinguish employees with the potential to disrupt it. Workers high in narcissistic grandiosity tend to abuse their power and control for personal gain, engage in abusive behaviors toward others, and disobey organizational policies. Across four studies, we sought to develop the Narcissism Interview Scale for Employment (NISE) to assess narcissistic grandiosity. Study 1 created interview questions that elicited responses with narcissistic grandiosity content, structured as both behavioral/situational and work-specific. Study 2 identified the best performing items and developed rating materials. Study 3 demonstrated the NISE is associated with traditional survey assessments of narcissistic grandiosity and predicted interpersonal aggression. Study 4 demonstrated that applicants are likely to perceive the NISE at least as favorably as other popular interview questions. Overall, the results showed that the NISE may be incorporated into the interview process to assess applicant narcissistic grandiosity tendencies, but additional research is needed to further establish the construct validity of the instrument, clarify applicant reactions to its use, and assess its predictive utility across a variety of work contexts.

Given the critical role of socio-emotional skills in students' academic success, psychological well-being, and other critical life outcomes, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) developed the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) to measure these skills among school-age students. However, the broad conceptual scope of socio-emotional skills necessitated the use of a large number of items (i.e., 120 items) in the original SSES, which poses challenges regarding survey administration and participant fatigue. To address these issues, this study aimed to develop a short form of the SSES (i.e., SSES-SF). The sample included 29,798 15-year-old students across 10 regions. We developed a 45-item version of SSES-SF using the machine learning approach of genetic algorithm, which is 62.5% shorter than the original 120-item SSES. The reliability, construct validity, reproduced information, concurrent validity, and measurement invariance of the SSES-SF were investigated. We found that the SSES-SF demonstrated satisfactory reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity. Furthermore, the SSES-SF was able to reproduce a substantial amount of information from the original full-form SSES and exhibited measurement invariance across genders, regions, and language groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.