Journal of personality assessment最新文献

In the current study, we investigated the utility of generative AI for survey development and improvement. To do so, we generated a 24-item HEXACO personality inventory using ChatGPT 4.0, the ChatGPT HEXACO inventory (CHI), and investigated whether ChatGPT could modify the CHI to either improve its internal consistency or its content validity. Additionally, we compared the psychometric properties of the different versions of the CHI to a conceptually similar short personality inventory. Specifically, we compared the three CHI versions with the Brief HEXACO inventory (BHI) in terms of their alpha reliabilities and their convergent and discriminant correlations with the HEXACO-60 and criterion-related validity with authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Participants (N = 682) completed the BHI and HEXACO-60 and were randomly assigned to complete one of the three CHI versions. The results showed generally comparable psychometric properties of the three CHI versions and the BHI. However, ChatGPT could not improve specific psychometric properties of the CHI. That is, although the results show promise for the use of ChatGPT in developing questionnaires, it may not offer a shortcut to further improve specific psychometric properties.

It is common for forensic evaluators to use assessment instruments in risk assessment evaluations. This study examines whether different evaluators use instrument results the same way when coming to conclusions about risk for sexual recidivism in Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) evaluations. Three evaluators who each used both the Static-99R and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in more than 60 SVP evaluations (Total N = 338) provided data for the study. There were clear evaluator differences in how instrument scores were associated with risk opinions. For one evaluator, multiple regression results revealed that PCL-R Facet 2 (Affective) and Facet 3 (Lifestyle) scores were the only statistically significant predictors of risk. In other words, this evaluator's risk opinions were more clearly associated with scores on a psychopathy measure (PCL-R) than scores on a measure specifically designed to assess risk (Static-99R). For another evaluator, only Static-99R scores were independent predictors of risk. For the final evaluator, Static-99R scores and, to a lesser extent, PCL-R Facet 2 scores were independent predictors of risk. These findings add to the growing body of research suggesting that forensic evaluation results can depend, to a non-trivial extent, on the specific evaluator conducting the evaluation.

Emotion acceptance is defined as the willingness to experience pleasant and unpleasant emotions. Extant research suggests that emotion acceptance-and its converse, emotion nonacceptance or rejection-importantly contributes to experiences of negative affect, symptoms of psychopathology, and physiological markers of emotional responding. However, no validated measurement scale is available in English for assessing emotion acceptance. The current research involved factor analysis and validation of the Emotion Acceptance Questionnaire (EAQ), drawing from items translated from a German scale (FrAGe). In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis (N = 346) revealed four correlated factors: Reject Unpleasant Emotion, Reject Pleasant Emotion, Accept Unpleasant Emotion, and Accept Pleasant Emotion. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis on another sample (N = 413) corroborated the four-factor measurement structure. Internal reliability coefficients of the subscales were satisfactory or higher. Preliminary convergent and discriminant validities were established by examining the extent the four EAQ subscales correlated with previously validated measures of emotion regulation, mindfulness skills, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. This psychometric investigation offers a novel multidimensional instrument to help conceptualize, understand, and facilitate the assessment of emotional acceptance in future research.

Spiteful behavior, where one is willing to harm oneself to harm another, is a common social behavior that is associated with social competition. However, there is currently only one well-used psychological measure that claims to measure spitefulness, the Spitefulness Scale (Marcus et al., 2014). At present, there is little research investigating whether spite, as measured by this scale, is associated with spiteful decision-making. To test this relationship, we asked a UK sample (N = 113; 51% female, M^age = 38) to play a Joy of Destruction game before completing the Spitefulness Scale. Participant scores on the scale predicted whether participants spent any non-zero amount on destroying the resources of others and the amount spent by those who chose destruction. The results add further support to the validity of the Spitefulness Scale as a predictor of spiteful behavior, and suggests its utility can expand to data collected via online crowd-sourcing.

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV; Hart et al., 1995) in a sample of 514 male offenders in New Zealand; 333 identifying as Māori and 181 as NZ European. Correlational analysis showed convergent validity between PCL:SV Total, Factor and Facet scores and subscales of two dynamic item-based instruments used to monitor and manage people in prison or post-custody, although these relationships were stronger among NZ European compared to Māori men. Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses (MGCFA) supported the 3-factor model of PCL psychopathy which demonstrated partial scalar invariance of PCL:SV scores across Māori and NZ European cohorts. These findings indicate that application of the PCL:SV, in line with the three-factor model, is empirically and clinically defensible practice with both Māori and NZ European clients under correctional care.

The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) was developed as an innovative measurement designed to evaluate general grit levels, encompassing perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations within a collectivism culture. The present study was undertaken with the aim of examining the factor structure, measurement invariance, empirical validity, and incremental validity of the TMGS among in a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 997, 43.4% males, M_age = 16.64, SD_age = 1.05). The results revealed that the original three-factor model of TMGS exhibited the best fit to the data, and supported partial scalar invariance across gender. Additionally, the internal consistency values of the TMGS scores ranged from marginal to acceptable, and the stability coefficients across time were acceptable. Moreover, the TMGS scores showed satisfactory criterion-related validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables (e.g., Grit-S, self-control, and big five personality). Finally, the TMGS scores demonstrated superior incremental validity in predicting academic burnout compared to conscientiousness. Overall, although further studies are needed, our findings suggested that the TMGS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties within a collectivist culture and may serve as a promising tool for assessing grit levels in Chinese adolescents.

Individuals can sway legal, medical, employment, or other decisions by dishonestly self-reporting on psychological tests. Accordingly, the Comprehensive Assessment of Traits relevant to Personality Disorder (CAT-PD) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) include validity scales to detect overreporting and underreporting. Although many studies have empirically tested the validity scales of the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF, fewer have done so with the updated MMPI-3, and none with the CAT-PD. Therefore, in the present study, a simulation design was conducted to determine how successfully the CAT-PD and MMPI-3 validity scales would discriminate between credible responders and noncredible responders (i.e., overreporters and underreporters). Undergraduates and crowd-sourced adults (Total N = 484) were randomly assigned to respond honestly, overreport, or underreport while completing the MMPI-3 and the CAT-PD. Relative to honest responders, overreporters and underreporters significantly increased their respective validity scale scores (Cohen's d range = 1.04 - d = 4.87); they also significantly biased their substantive scale profiles. Moreover, CAT-PD validity scales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with MMPI-3 validity scales and similar classification accuracy estimates via receiver operating characteristic curves. These results suggest that, within a nonclinical simulation design, CAT-PD and MMPI-3 validity scales both effectively detect noncredible responding.

Future self-continuity is the relationship between an individual's perception of their present and future selves and is attracting intense interest from researchers in psychology and health. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the Future Self-Continuity Questionnaire (FSCQ), a tool designed to measure an individual's future self-continuity, in New Zealand's unique sociocultural context. In Phase 1 we tested the reliability (internal consistency) of the 10 item FSCQ and its three subscales and attempted to replicate the three-factor structure reported previously. In Phase 2 we examined the FSCQ's correlations with established measures like the Future Self-Continuity Scale (FSCS), Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) Scale, Multidimensional Temporal Self-Continuity Scale (MTSCS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results from the first phase confirmed the FSCQ's reliability and construct validity, with strong internal consistency (α ranged from .77 to .87) and a good factorial structure (GFI=.97, RMSEA=.04). In the second phase, the FSCQ demonstrated positive correlations with the FSCS, CFC-14, and MTSCS, and negative correlations with the BHS. These findings suggest that the FSCQ reliably measures FSC, has a robust replicable three-factor structure and is consistent with other relevant psychological constructs. This study demonstrates the applicability of the FSCQ outside the United States for the first time.