Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217409
M. T. L. Rosales, M. Tejeda, J. Tejeda, J. Ruiz
Due to the importance of interleukins in the immune response, cell differentiation, and their potential use to treat autoimmune diseases and tumors, we decided to perform in this article a phylogenetic classification through the molecular sequence of several interleukins. Aims: To make a general description of the most probable evolutionary history of the interleukins’ lineage by building a phylogenetic tree using statistical models. Methodology: The molecular sequences of 16 human interleukins were downloaded from the UNIPROT website in FASTA format. With the free software MEGA11, using a maximum likelihood statistical model, the phylogenetic tree was built; subsequently, the constants were incorporated in the model to calibrate the time tree marker. Results: Our results show that the first interleukins of Homo sapiens sapiens were outlined in the Upper Paleolithic. The evolutionary history of 8 interleukins probably occurred in the Mesolithic period. In the Neolithic, already with the discovery of agriculture, 6 Interleukins were developed. Conclusions: Our results show that the appearance of different IL’s throughout the history of humanity, from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, coincides with climatic changes, variations in diet and / or lifestyle of humankind. In addition, some archaeological findings could be relevant to understanding how human evolution influenced the development of IL's, such as the genetic exchange between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis by Molecular Sequence of Various Human Interleukins","authors":"M. T. L. Rosales, M. Tejeda, J. Tejeda, J. Ruiz","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217409","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the importance of interleukins in the immune response, cell differentiation, and their potential use to treat autoimmune diseases and tumors, we decided to perform in this article a phylogenetic classification through the molecular sequence of several interleukins. \u0000Aims: To make a general description of the most probable evolutionary history of the interleukins’ lineage by building a phylogenetic tree using statistical models. \u0000Methodology: The molecular sequences of 16 human interleukins were downloaded from the UNIPROT website in FASTA format. With the free software MEGA11, using a maximum likelihood statistical model, the phylogenetic tree was built; subsequently, the constants were incorporated in the model to calibrate the time tree marker. \u0000Results: Our results show that the first interleukins of Homo sapiens sapiens were outlined in the Upper Paleolithic. The evolutionary history of 8 interleukins probably occurred in the Mesolithic period. In the Neolithic, already with the discovery of agriculture, 6 Interleukins were developed. \u0000Conclusions: Our results show that the appearance of different IL’s throughout the history of humanity, from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, coincides with climatic changes, variations in diet and / or lifestyle of humankind. In addition, some archaeological findings could be relevant to understanding how human evolution influenced the development of IL's, such as the genetic exchange between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217408
S. K. Mobisson, P. C. Onyebuagu, I. Wopara, James Boobondah Woha, Harris Opusunju Boma, Sunday Otoabasi Abaka, J. B. Monye, Fidelis Udochukwu Ibe, A. O. Obembe
This study investigated the impact of CBD oil and prednisolone on hematologic indices, urea, and creatinine among cadmium-induced toxicity in male rats. Forty male rats weighing 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (1-8) with five rats each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2-8 received 1mg/kg body weight of prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg bw of cadmium; 1mg/kg bw of prednisolone + 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil + 2mg/kg bw of cadmium; 3mg/kg bw of Pred + 2mg/kg of cadmium; 0.1mg/kg bw of CBD-oil and 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil respectively. The administration was done using gavage for 14 days. The present results revealed that PCV, haemoglobin, and RBC count of the treated groups were decreased significantly (p<0.05) comparedto the control. TWBC count significantly increased in treated groups than in control. Platelet count significantly increased in groups treated with pred+ cd, CBD-oil (0.1ml), and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Neutrophil count was significantly reduced in groups treated with CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control and other groups. Lymphocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in other groups. Eosinophil count significantly decreased in groups treated with prednisolone and pred +CBD oil than control. Monocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium, pred +cadmium, and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control. There was a significant decrease in groups treated with pred +CBD-oil, cadmium + CBD-oil, and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Serum urea significantly decreased in the group treated with pred + CBD oil than control. Serum creatinine significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium + CBD oil and CBD oil (0.2ml) compared to the control and prednisolone groups. Histology of the kidney revealed mesangial expansion, hypertrophy of renal corpuscle, hemorrhage, and lymphocyte infiltration in groups treated with pred+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) compared to the control. We conclude that CBD oil, prednisolone, and cadmium administration at different doses induced biochemical alterations, altered hematologic indices, and cytoarchitecture of the kidney. Therefore, if these results apply to humans, combined use of CBD oil and prednisolone should be supplemented with blood tonics, especially in chronic kidney disease.
{"title":"Cannabidiol Oil and Prednisolone Treatment Altered Hematologic Indices, Serum Urea, Creatinine and Cellular Architecture of Kidney on Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"S. K. Mobisson, P. C. Onyebuagu, I. Wopara, James Boobondah Woha, Harris Opusunju Boma, Sunday Otoabasi Abaka, J. B. Monye, Fidelis Udochukwu Ibe, A. O. Obembe","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217408","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of CBD oil and prednisolone on hematologic indices, urea, and creatinine among cadmium-induced toxicity in male rats. Forty male rats weighing 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (1-8) with five rats each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2-8 received 1mg/kg body weight of prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg bw of cadmium; 1mg/kg bw of prednisolone + 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil + 2mg/kg bw of cadmium; 3mg/kg bw of Pred + 2mg/kg of cadmium; 0.1mg/kg bw of CBD-oil and 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil respectively. The administration was done using gavage for 14 days. The present results revealed that PCV, haemoglobin, and RBC count of the treated groups were decreased significantly (p<0.05) comparedto the control. TWBC count significantly increased in treated groups than in control. Platelet count significantly increased in groups treated with pred+ cd, CBD-oil (0.1ml), and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Neutrophil count was significantly reduced in groups treated with CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control and other groups. Lymphocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in other groups. Eosinophil count significantly decreased in groups treated with prednisolone and pred +CBD oil than control. Monocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium, pred +cadmium, and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control. There was a significant decrease in groups treated with pred +CBD-oil, cadmium + CBD-oil, and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Serum urea significantly decreased in the group treated with pred + CBD oil than control. Serum creatinine significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium + CBD oil and CBD oil (0.2ml) compared to the control and prednisolone groups. Histology of the kidney revealed mesangial expansion, hypertrophy of renal corpuscle, hemorrhage, and lymphocyte infiltration in groups treated with pred+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) compared to the control. We conclude that CBD oil, prednisolone, and cadmium administration at different doses induced biochemical alterations, altered hematologic indices, and cytoarchitecture of the kidney. Therefore, if these results apply to humans, combined use of CBD oil and prednisolone should be supplemented with blood tonics, especially in chronic kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71204505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217407
K. Shailaja, S. Sundar, A. L. Priya, M. Roshini
Aim: To determine the effect of inventory control protocols on patient's health management systems during the pre; peri and post COVID – 19 pandemic in India. Study Design: An analytical observation type of study. Place and Duration of Study: A tertiary care hospital, between June 2020 to November 2022. Methodology: We collected the stock movement data of 10 brand drugs that include Acute disease medications and Chronic condition medication, from hospital pharmacy, at pre, peri & post-COVID times. These drugs were selected for their common usage. The study of inventory based on data collected, will show how the pharmacy managed its inventory during the pandemic era. The pharmacy practised the collaborative method of ABC – FSN inventory method to meet demands and the same has continued during COVID-19. Results: Data collected on 5 drugs for acute diseases showed an average percentage increase of 62.33% in drug consumption between the pre and post-COVID period whereas the 5 drugs for chronic conditions show an increase of 86.39%. The hospital pharmacy managed the high range of demand with the successful model of inventory control. It is evidence of the successful use of ABC – FSN analysis in the hospital sector during the pandemic (COVID-19). Conclusion: The study concluded that the ABC – FSN inventory approach was helpful during the pandemic and concentrates mainly on the effect of inventory control on patients with chronic and acute diseases.
{"title":"The Effect of Inventory Control on Patients with Acute and Chronic Illness during Pre, Peri and Post COVID-19 Pandemic in India","authors":"K. Shailaja, S. Sundar, A. L. Priya, M. Roshini","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217407","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the effect of inventory control protocols on patient's health management systems during the pre; peri and post COVID – 19 pandemic in India. \u0000Study Design: An analytical observation type of study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: A tertiary care hospital, between June 2020 to November 2022. \u0000Methodology: We collected the stock movement data of 10 brand drugs that include Acute disease medications and Chronic condition medication, from hospital pharmacy, at pre, peri & post-COVID times. These drugs were selected for their common usage. The study of inventory based on data collected, will show how the pharmacy managed its inventory during the pandemic era. The pharmacy practised the collaborative method of ABC – FSN inventory method to meet demands and the same has continued during COVID-19. \u0000Results: Data collected on 5 drugs for acute diseases showed an average percentage increase of 62.33% in drug consumption between the pre and post-COVID period whereas the 5 drugs for chronic conditions show an increase of 86.39%. The hospital pharmacy managed the high range of demand with the successful model of inventory control. It is evidence of the successful use of ABC – FSN analysis in the hospital sector during the pandemic (COVID-19). \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that the ABC – FSN inventory approach was helpful during the pandemic and concentrates mainly on the effect of inventory control on patients with chronic and acute diseases.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71204496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207406
Niharika Gahlod
Anterior crossbite is defined as a malocclusion characterized by the anterior maxillary teeth lingual position compared to mandibular anterior teeth. The prevalence of anterior crossbite that has been reported in the mixed dentition stage varies between 1.6 percent and 7.9 percent. Anterior crossbite cases should be treated by emergency intervention in the early period to prevent the consequences of malaligned teeth and their effect on the normal overall growth and development of the child. Patient compliance in such type of treatment intervention is of utmost importance. This case report presents the correction of single tooth crossbite with the removable posterior bite plane along with Z-spring. Various other treatment modalities have been also proposed to correct an anterior dental crossbite, such as tongue blades, reversed stainless steel crowns, fixed acrylic planes, bonded resin-composite slopes, and removable acrylic appliances incorporating finger springs. This treatment modality is possible in the early stages of developing malocclusion. Children with untreated anterior crossbite could develop complications such as gingiva recession, TMJ dysfunction, and worsening of mandibular displacement. As self-correction is rare in these alterations, early interception is recommended to allow normal occlusion and facial development.
{"title":"Management of Anterior Single Tooth Crossbite Using Removable Posterior Teeth Bite Plane Along With Z-Spring: A Case Report","authors":"Niharika Gahlod","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207406","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior crossbite is defined as a malocclusion characterized by the anterior maxillary teeth lingual position compared to mandibular anterior teeth. The prevalence of anterior crossbite that has been reported in the mixed dentition stage varies between 1.6 percent and 7.9 percent. Anterior crossbite cases should be treated by emergency intervention in the early period to prevent the consequences of malaligned teeth and their effect on the normal overall growth and development of the child. Patient compliance in such type of treatment intervention is of utmost importance. This case report presents the correction of single tooth crossbite with the removable posterior bite plane along with Z-spring. Various other treatment modalities have been also proposed to correct an anterior dental crossbite, such as tongue blades, reversed stainless steel crowns, fixed acrylic planes, bonded resin-composite slopes, and removable acrylic appliances incorporating finger springs. This treatment modality is possible in the early stages of developing malocclusion. Children with untreated anterior crossbite could develop complications such as gingiva recession, TMJ dysfunction, and worsening of mandibular displacement. As self-correction is rare in these alterations, early interception is recommended to allow normal occlusion and facial development.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43562558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207405
Abdulaziz Saad Al-Qahtani, Atheer Ali Al-Huthaili, Alanud Fuhaid Al-Tamimi, Ethar Abdullah Al-Ahmadi, H. Tolah, M. S. Aeq, Omar Mohammed Al-Hussaini, Sarah Abdullah Al-Kishi, Shahad Jorob
Background: Oral cancer had important public health concern, ranking as the world’s 16thmost common cancer. Despite being highly preventable, oral cancer is associated with multiple risk factors and a high mortality rate and contributes significantly to the global cancer burden. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer remains low (50%), and it has not improved in recent decades. The prognosis is relatively good when caught in the early stages, but it deteriorates dramatically in the advanced stages. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental and medical students in Saudi Arabia towards oral cancer. Methods: A pre-designed questionnaire had been distributed to 1033 dental and medical student in Saudi Arabia, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The participants’ confidentiality was maintained. Results: This study included 1033 participants (males = 558 [54.0%] and females = 475[46.0%]). Medical students represented 734 (71.1%) of the participants and dental students represented 299 (28.9%) of the participants. Overall, 686 (66.4%) participants thought they had good aware about oral cancer, and 771 (74.6%) were concerned about its prevention. Both dental and medical students thought that oral cancer is more common in people over the age of 60 years, with no difference between medical and dental students (degrees off reedom [df] = 1, p = 0.793). Regarding risk factors, both smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption were mentioned by 66.1% of the sample, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 1.000). In addition, 29.9% of students identified the buccalmucosa as the most common site of oral cancer, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 0.691). No significant differences in the mean total score (number of correct answers) between dental students and also medical students at each study level except for the fifth-year students. At this level, the mean score was higher in dental students (6.05±1.88) than medical students (5.13±2.01) (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Medical and dental students had similar knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral cancer. Furthermore, fifth-year dental students from the northern region of Saudi Arabiah ad the highest mean score on the questionnaire.
{"title":"Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Dental and Medical Students in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulaziz Saad Al-Qahtani, Atheer Ali Al-Huthaili, Alanud Fuhaid Al-Tamimi, Ethar Abdullah Al-Ahmadi, H. Tolah, M. S. Aeq, Omar Mohammed Al-Hussaini, Sarah Abdullah Al-Kishi, Shahad Jorob","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral cancer had important public health concern, ranking as the world’s 16thmost common cancer. Despite being highly preventable, oral cancer is associated with multiple risk factors and a high mortality rate and contributes significantly to the global cancer burden. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer remains low (50%), and it has not improved in recent decades. The prognosis is relatively good when caught in the early stages, but it deteriorates dramatically in the advanced stages.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental and medical students in Saudi Arabia towards oral cancer.\u0000Methods: A pre-designed questionnaire had been distributed to 1033 dental and medical student in Saudi Arabia, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The participants’ confidentiality was maintained.\u0000Results: This study included 1033 participants (males = 558 [54.0%] and females = 475[46.0%]). Medical students represented 734 (71.1%) of the participants and dental students represented 299 (28.9%) of the participants. Overall, 686 (66.4%) participants thought they had good aware about oral cancer, and 771 (74.6%) were concerned about its prevention. Both dental and medical students thought that oral cancer is more common in people over the age of 60 years, with no difference between medical and dental students (degrees off reedom [df] = 1, p = 0.793). Regarding risk factors, both smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption were mentioned by 66.1% of the sample, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 1.000). In addition, 29.9% of students identified the buccalmucosa as the most common site of oral cancer, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 0.691). No significant differences in the mean total score (number of correct answers) between dental students and also medical students at each study level except for the fifth-year students. At this level, the mean score was higher in dental students (6.05±1.88) than medical students (5.13±2.01) (p< 0.01).\u0000Conclusions: Medical and dental students had similar knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral cancer. Furthermore, fifth-year dental students from the northern region of Saudi Arabiah ad the highest mean score on the questionnaire.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45566377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207404
Jasmine Grover, R. Grover, Sunil R. Gupta, Teena Gupta, M. Mehra
There are many developmental dental anomalies written in the literature which may or may not be associated with some syndrome. Whereas, two anomalies occurring in single teeth are rarely seen in a non syndromic patient. This case report presents the occurrence of dens evaginatus with two dens invaginations in a single tooth which can be of a great concern to the dentist.
{"title":"A Rare Occurence of Dens Evaginatus with Two Dens Invaginations in a Single Tooth: A Case Report","authors":"Jasmine Grover, R. Grover, Sunil R. Gupta, Teena Gupta, M. Mehra","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207404","url":null,"abstract":"There are many developmental dental anomalies written in the literature which may or may not be associated with some syndrome. Whereas, two anomalies occurring in single teeth are rarely seen in a non syndromic patient. This case report presents the occurrence of dens evaginatus with two dens invaginations in a single tooth which can be of a great concern to the dentist.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43872519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on public health in Canada and the United States. Using OpenAI's GPT-3 language model, data was extracted from various online sources, including government health agencies, news articles, academic papers, and social media platforms. The data was analyzed using natural language processing techniques to identify common themes and sentiments. Despite the staggering death toll and impact on everyday life, the rollout of vaccines marks a critical milestone in the fight against the virus. However, challenges remain, including skepticism from some members of the public and the emergence of new virus variants. The early data is encouraging, showing a significant reduction in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated populations. The article emphasizes the critical role of vaccines in controlling the spread of the virus, alongside other public health measures, to overcome this devastating pandemic. The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination has had a significant positive impact on public health in both countries, with a decrease in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, challenges remain, including vaccine hesitancy and the emergence of new variants. The article concludes with recommendations for public health policy, including increasing vaccine access and education, monitoring new variants, and continuing to follow public health guidelines.
{"title":"COVID-19 Post Vaccination Data in North America","authors":"Marwan ElBagoury, Yahia Aktham, Omar Elkoush, S. Awaad, Mohamed Zahir Chouikrat","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207403","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on public health in Canada and the United States. Using OpenAI's GPT-3 language model, data was extracted from various online sources, including government health agencies, news articles, academic papers, and social media platforms. The data was analyzed using natural language processing techniques to identify common themes and sentiments. Despite the staggering death toll and impact on everyday life, the rollout of vaccines marks a critical milestone in the fight against the virus. However, challenges remain, including skepticism from some members of the public and the emergence of new virus variants. The early data is encouraging, showing a significant reduction in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated populations. The article emphasizes the critical role of vaccines in controlling the spread of the virus, alongside other public health measures, to overcome this devastating pandemic. The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination has had a significant positive impact on public health in both countries, with a decrease in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, challenges remain, including vaccine hesitancy and the emergence of new variants. The article concludes with recommendations for public health policy, including increasing vaccine access and education, monitoring new variants, and continuing to follow public health guidelines.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44096367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197399
Hua Wang, Lina Zeng, Hui Ding
Background: Phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum L. have anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects. Therefore, either to optimize the utilization of plant resources or to reduce the physiological harm caused by cigarette, it is necessary to separate and analyze the phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum. Aim: To develop a protocol for extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum. The method based on aqueous two-phase extraction (ATP) should provide a solid experimental basis for future large-scale medical industrial extraction. Results: Five of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum including catechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, and quercetin were extracted with the developed ATP method and analyzed by the optimized liquid chromatography method simultaneously. In the concentration range of 10-200 µg/mL, the linear correlation coefficients of calibration curve for five compounds were all greater than 0.999. The developed ATP extraction method employed 70% acetonitrile water solution as the extractant. The ammonium sulphate was selected as the preferred phase separation salt. The extraction efficiencies of five phenolic compounds were all more than 90%. In concrete sample, the concentrations of five compounds were determined based on acetonitrile/salt ATPE system, Conclusion: Analysis of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum was achieved based on acetonitrile/ammonium sulphate ATP extraction coupled with liquid chromatography. The developed ATP extraction protocol employed 70% acetonitrile water solution as the extractant. The ammonium sulphate was selected as the preferred phase separation salt. The accuracy and precision were satisfied. The protocol developed in this study is expected to be applied in medical industry.
{"title":"Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Nicotiana tabacum Based on Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Hua Wang, Lina Zeng, Hui Ding","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197399","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum L. have anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects. Therefore, either to optimize the utilization of plant resources or to reduce the physiological harm caused by cigarette, it is necessary to separate and analyze the phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum. \u0000Aim: To develop a protocol for extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum. The method based on aqueous two-phase extraction (ATP) should provide a solid experimental basis for future large-scale medical industrial extraction. \u0000Results: Five of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum including catechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, and quercetin were extracted with the developed ATP method and analyzed by the optimized liquid chromatography method simultaneously. In the concentration range of 10-200 µg/mL, the linear correlation coefficients of calibration curve for five compounds were all greater than 0.999. The developed ATP extraction method employed 70% acetonitrile water solution as the extractant. The ammonium sulphate was selected as the preferred phase separation salt. The extraction efficiencies of five phenolic compounds were all more than 90%. In concrete sample, the concentrations of five compounds were determined based on acetonitrile/salt ATPE system, \u0000Conclusion: Analysis of phenolic compounds in Nicotiana tabacum was achieved based on acetonitrile/ammonium sulphate ATP extraction coupled with liquid chromatography. The developed ATP extraction protocol employed 70% acetonitrile water solution as the extractant. The ammonium sulphate was selected as the preferred phase separation salt. The accuracy and precision were satisfied. The protocol developed in this study is expected to be applied in medical industry.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49297694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207402
A. Cuschieri, Byron Baron
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis despite optimal treatment. Recent studies have shown the potential of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents. α-solanine, derived from plants of the Solanum genus, is a promising molecule in this regard. This study investigated the efficacy of α-solanine compared to temozolomide (TMZ) against GBM cell lines (U87MG, U251, and T98G) in vitro. Methods: In-vitro assays were conducted to assess the viability, migration, invasion, and mode of cell death of U87MG, U251 and T98G GBM cell lines following α-solanine treatment in comparison to TMZ. Rt-qPCR and proteome profiling were conducted to investigate the changes induced by α-solanine on a molecular level. Results: α-solanine demonstrated potent cytotoxicity on all GBM lines, with IC50 values ranging from 19.66 µM to 22.87 µM between cell lines tested, and significantly inhibited GBM cell migration compared to TMZ treatment. RNA and protein level assays indicated upregulation of both apoptotic and autophagy proteins, suggesting the involvement of BECN1 and BNIP3L in α-solanine-induced cell death. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings contribute to the search for effective GBM treatments. Future studies should increase the number of biological replicates, employ alternative methods to strengthen the findings, and conduct in vivo experiments and testing using patient-derived GBM tissue to better evaluate any therapeutic suitability of and fully understand the mode of action of α-solanine on GBM.
{"title":"α-Solanine Suppresses Glioblastoma Multiforme Growth and Metastatic Properties by Modulating the Apoptosis-autophagy Axis","authors":"A. Cuschieri, Byron Baron","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i207402","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis despite optimal treatment. Recent studies have shown the potential of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents. α-solanine, derived from plants of the Solanum genus, is a promising molecule in this regard. This study investigated the efficacy of α-solanine compared to temozolomide (TMZ) against GBM cell lines (U87MG, U251, and T98G) in vitro. \u0000Methods: In-vitro assays were conducted to assess the viability, migration, invasion, and mode of cell death of U87MG, U251 and T98G GBM cell lines following α-solanine treatment in comparison to TMZ. Rt-qPCR and proteome profiling were conducted to investigate the changes induced by α-solanine on a molecular level. \u0000Results: α-solanine demonstrated potent cytotoxicity on all GBM lines, with IC50 values ranging from 19.66 µM to 22.87 µM between cell lines tested, and significantly inhibited GBM cell migration compared to TMZ treatment. RNA and protein level assays indicated upregulation of both apoptotic and autophagy proteins, suggesting the involvement of BECN1 and BNIP3L in α-solanine-induced cell death. \u0000Discussion and Conclusion: These findings contribute to the search for effective GBM treatments. Future studies should increase the number of biological replicates, employ alternative methods to strengthen the findings, and conduct in vivo experiments and testing using patient-derived GBM tissue to better evaluate any therapeutic suitability of and fully understand the mode of action of α-solanine on GBM.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197396
Anuradha S. Narayanasamy, Sharmila, Nivetha, VithyaSri, Archana
Oral hygiene can be maintained throughout the day by using various dentifrices prepared with herbal and synthetic ingredients. Oral hygiene is maintained to keep the mouth fresh and avoid tooth decay. The largest producer of healthful herbs is India which is known as the botanical garden of the world. The main aim of this work is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal toothpaste and compare it with marketed products of the same category. The toothpaste was prepared by using several herbal ingredients which show antibacterial, antiseptic, and cooling properties. Neem, clove, babool, banyan, amla, and many other natural products are used to formulate ideal herbal toothpaste which satisfies all the required properties to keep the mouth fresh and to prevent tooth decay caused by the bacteria. The method which is used for formulating the herbal toothpaste is the trituration method. The prepared toothpaste was evaluated for its organoleptic and physical characteristics such as color, odor, taste, stability, foamability caused by bacteria, and abrasiveness to ensure that it possesses all the desired features to use against dental disease. Thus, the formulated herbal toothpaste was a good herbal toothpaste than the conventional toothpaste due to its side effect.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Tooth Paste","authors":"Anuradha S. Narayanasamy, Sharmila, Nivetha, VithyaSri, Archana","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i197396","url":null,"abstract":"Oral hygiene can be maintained throughout the day by using various dentifrices prepared with herbal and synthetic ingredients. Oral hygiene is maintained to keep the mouth fresh and avoid tooth decay. The largest producer of healthful herbs is India which is known as the botanical garden of the world. The main aim of this work is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal toothpaste and compare it with marketed products of the same category. The toothpaste was prepared by using several herbal ingredients which show antibacterial, antiseptic, and cooling properties. Neem, clove, babool, banyan, amla, and many other natural products are used to formulate ideal herbal toothpaste which satisfies all the required properties to keep the mouth fresh and to prevent tooth decay caused by the bacteria. The method which is used for formulating the herbal toothpaste is the trituration method. The prepared toothpaste was evaluated for its organoleptic and physical characteristics such as color, odor, taste, stability, foamability caused by bacteria, and abrasiveness to ensure that it possesses all the desired features to use against dental disease. Thus, the formulated herbal toothpaste was a good herbal toothpaste than the conventional toothpaste due to its side effect.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48343237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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