Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237419
Mohanraj Rathinavelu, Anu Reddy Chukkaluri, Reddy Haritha, Sravani Jollireddy, D. Bharambe
The millennial pharmacists are often concerned with solving problems related to a patient’s health, and achievement of desired therapeutic goals that improve the patient quality of life in the practice of their profession. In Indian pharmacy education, there is very little research on problem-based learning. The current study was performed to investigate pharmacy practice student experiences towards problem-based learning in pharmacotherapeutics in south India. The current exploratory research aimed to assess the perception of pharmacy practice students towards pharmacotherapeutic course for renal diseases through small group problem-based pedagogy, and its end assessment of understanding through a 20 inventories objective structured clinical examination reflecting each case study. On a microscopic observation, student awareness of therapeutic courses in the renal disease has been considered more satisfied. Student reactions show that they find PBL sessions beneficial in their learning, and helping them understand basic scientific concepts. In addition, students reported that PBL session encouraged collaborative and self-directed learning, improved clinical decision-making and problem-solving skills, and helped them identify their strengths and weaknesses in the process of this program. In conclusion, the problem-based pedagogy of pharmacotherapeutic course for renal diseases gained a great momentum among pharmacy practice students and appraised objective structured clinical examination as an efficient tool for PBL assessment.
{"title":"Perceptions of Pharmacy Students on the Application of Problem-based Learning Approach in Renal Pharmacotherapeutics","authors":"Mohanraj Rathinavelu, Anu Reddy Chukkaluri, Reddy Haritha, Sravani Jollireddy, D. Bharambe","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237419","url":null,"abstract":"The millennial pharmacists are often concerned with solving problems related to a patient’s health, and achievement of desired therapeutic goals that improve the patient quality of life in the practice of their profession. In Indian pharmacy education, there is very little research on problem-based learning. The current study was performed to investigate pharmacy practice student experiences towards problem-based learning in pharmacotherapeutics in south India. The current exploratory research aimed to assess the perception of pharmacy practice students towards pharmacotherapeutic course for renal diseases through small group problem-based pedagogy, and its end assessment of understanding through a 20 inventories objective structured clinical examination reflecting each case study. On a microscopic observation, student awareness of therapeutic courses in the renal disease has been considered more satisfied. Student reactions show that they find PBL sessions beneficial in their learning, and helping them understand basic scientific concepts. In addition, students reported that PBL session encouraged collaborative and self-directed learning, improved clinical decision-making and problem-solving skills, and helped them identify their strengths and weaknesses in the process of this program. In conclusion, the problem-based pedagogy of pharmacotherapeutic course for renal diseases gained a great momentum among pharmacy practice students and appraised objective structured clinical examination as an efficient tool for PBL assessment.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237418
Mohanraj Rathinavelu, Siddu Naveen Kumar Reddy, Sagarika Karanam, Sneha Latha Jonnagadla, Sravani Jollireddy, D. Bharambe
Today, it's getting harder to learn a career in pharmacy. In addition to self-guided individual learning, pharmaceutical educators are required to find and adopt ways that support higher-level thinking, collaborative learning, and student motivation. One strategy to achieve these aims is to develop and use case-based learning as an addition to traditional teaching techniques. They support learner-centered, small-group, interactive learning experiences as opposed to large-group, teacher-centered, didactic instruction. A cross-over study between two groups equally exposed to both didactic lectures and case-based pedagogy musculoskeletal system diseases and drug therapy; which involves assessment of perception and small group responses towards case-based learning. The outcome of which is further investigated by administering an objective structured clinical examination. The vast majority of the students reported satisfaction with case-based learning sessions and highly appreciated this method of teaching pharmacotherapy of musculoskeletal system diseases. In our study, more than 93.22% of the students opined that they enjoyed sessions and it held their interest and motivated them to learn better. The ‘t-test between post-test 1 and post-test 2 scores was statistically significant with a P value of 0.0001. This suggests that CBL is effective in students’ learning, and reinforces important concepts, strengthening information retention and long-term memory. In conclusion, the perception of pharmacy practice students towards case-based learning is highly contented and encountered a very positive impact on understanding and retention of knowledge in musculoskeletal system diseases and drug therapies.
{"title":"Case-Based Learning in Pharmacy Practice: Observations from an Indian Pharmacy College","authors":"Mohanraj Rathinavelu, Siddu Naveen Kumar Reddy, Sagarika Karanam, Sneha Latha Jonnagadla, Sravani Jollireddy, D. Bharambe","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i237418","url":null,"abstract":"Today, it's getting harder to learn a career in pharmacy. In addition to self-guided individual learning, pharmaceutical educators are required to find and adopt ways that support higher-level thinking, collaborative learning, and student motivation. One strategy to achieve these aims is to develop and use case-based learning as an addition to traditional teaching techniques. They support learner-centered, small-group, interactive learning experiences as opposed to large-group, teacher-centered, didactic instruction. A cross-over study between two groups equally exposed to both didactic lectures and case-based pedagogy musculoskeletal system diseases and drug therapy; which involves assessment of perception and small group responses towards case-based learning. The outcome of which is further investigated by administering an objective structured clinical examination. The vast majority of the students reported satisfaction with case-based learning sessions and highly appreciated this method of teaching pharmacotherapy of musculoskeletal system diseases. In our study, more than 93.22% of the students opined that they enjoyed sessions and it held their interest and motivated them to learn better. The ‘t-test between post-test 1 and post-test 2 scores was statistically significant with a P value of 0.0001. This suggests that CBL is effective in students’ learning, and reinforces important concepts, strengthening information retention and long-term memory. In conclusion, the perception of pharmacy practice students towards case-based learning is highly contented and encountered a very positive impact on understanding and retention of knowledge in musculoskeletal system diseases and drug therapies.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227416
Meena Devi, devprakash dahiya, Nitika Sharma, A. Soni, C. Kumari, Yamini
We were encouraged to design and produce a new series of chalcone derivatives since there is a critical need for novel anticancer drugs with high selectivity for cancer cells. Chalcones are members of the flavonoid family that act as precursors in the production of flavonoids, which are plentiful in plants. Chalcones are significant starting points for synthetic modifications and serve as mediators in the synthesis of critical therapeutic compounds. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. New compounds still need to be found to cure cancer. In certain cancer cells, chalcone and its derivatives have anticancer potential. Modern medication design frequently uses molecular docking to understand drug-receptor interaction. Docking studies are a crucial technique for enabling the organised use of the structural variety of natural products. The Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 was used in this work to conduct docking investigations on natural anticancer drugs that contained chalcone. Using the software Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0, we docked the protein crystal structure of human T-cell leukaemia virus protease (2B7F) with several chalcone-based derivatives (AMP-1-56) for our study project. Among the compounds AMP-56, compounds AMP-40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52, 55 and 56 exhibit good anticancer activity with human T-cell leukaemia virus protease (PDB-2B7F) as compared to the reference drug (Camptothecin). The results are still preliminary, and an experimental evaluation will soon be performed.
{"title":"In silico Molecular Docking Study of Some Novel Chalcone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents","authors":"Meena Devi, devprakash dahiya, Nitika Sharma, A. Soni, C. Kumari, Yamini","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227416","url":null,"abstract":"We were encouraged to design and produce a new series of chalcone derivatives since there is a critical need for novel anticancer drugs with high selectivity for cancer cells. Chalcones are members of the flavonoid family that act as precursors in the production of flavonoids, which are plentiful in plants. Chalcones are significant starting points for synthetic modifications and serve as mediators in the synthesis of critical therapeutic compounds. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. New compounds still need to be found to cure cancer. In certain cancer cells, chalcone and its derivatives have anticancer potential. Modern medication design frequently uses molecular docking to understand drug-receptor interaction. Docking studies are a crucial technique for enabling the organised use of the structural variety of natural products. The Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 was used in this work to conduct docking investigations on natural anticancer drugs that contained chalcone. Using the software Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0, we docked the protein crystal structure of human T-cell leukaemia virus protease (2B7F) with several chalcone-based derivatives (AMP-1-56) for our study project. Among the compounds AMP-56, compounds AMP-40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52, 55 and 56 exhibit good anticancer activity with human T-cell leukaemia virus protease (PDB-2B7F) as compared to the reference drug (Camptothecin). The results are still preliminary, and an experimental evaluation will soon be performed.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42441215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227417
Zaccheus Shehu, G. Nyakairu, E. Tebandeke, O. N. Odume
Aims: A circular economy is a concept that aims to create a sustainable future by reducing waste and promoting the reuse of resources. In the field of water treatment, this concept has been applied through the use of recyclable materials to remove pollutants from water. Place and Duration of Study: In this study, we investigated the use of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove diclofenac from a water sample from Lake Victoria. The water sample was collected once to test the application of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in real environmental samples. Methodology: The nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized using various techniques, including SEM/EDX, XRD, MPMS, ImageJ, and Solid addition method for PZC determination. The removal of diclofenac experiments was designed by response surface methodology. Results: The optimal conditions for diclofenac removal were pH 2, concentration 500 ug/L, contact time 60 minutes, and adsorbent dose 50 mg with a removal percentage of 69.95%. The reusability of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evaluated for three cycles, with removal percentages of 69.95%, 60%, and 41.6% for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. This characteristic aligns with the principles of the circular economy, promoting resource conservation and waste reduction. The nanoparticles were also tested on a real water sample from Lake Victoria, resulting in 100% removal of diclofenac. Conclusion: This finding suggests that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be adopted for drinking water treatment in the East African community, addressing the issue of pharmaceutical contamination in water bodies.
{"title":"Circular Economy Approach for Treatment of Water-Containing Diclofenac Using Recyclable Magnetic Fe3o4 Nanoparticles: A Case Study of Real Water Sample from Lake Victoria","authors":"Zaccheus Shehu, G. Nyakairu, E. Tebandeke, O. N. Odume","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227417","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: A circular economy is a concept that aims to create a sustainable future by reducing waste and promoting the reuse of resources. In the field of water treatment, this concept has been applied through the use of recyclable materials to remove pollutants from water. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: In this study, we investigated the use of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove diclofenac from a water sample from Lake Victoria. The water sample was collected once to test the application of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in real environmental samples. \u0000Methodology: The nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized using various techniques, including SEM/EDX, XRD, MPMS, ImageJ, and Solid addition method for PZC determination. The removal of diclofenac experiments was designed by response surface methodology. \u0000Results: The optimal conditions for diclofenac removal were pH 2, concentration 500 ug/L, contact time 60 minutes, and adsorbent dose 50 mg with a removal percentage of 69.95%. The reusability of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evaluated for three cycles, with removal percentages of 69.95%, 60%, and 41.6% for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. This characteristic aligns with the principles of the circular economy, promoting resource conservation and waste reduction. The nanoparticles were also tested on a real water sample from Lake Victoria, resulting in 100% removal of diclofenac. \u0000Conclusion: This finding suggests that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be adopted for drinking water treatment in the East African community, addressing the issue of pharmaceutical contamination in water bodies.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227413
J. Anoohya, U. Sameera, Ravi Chander Thatipelli, Tejaswi Chillara
Background: Medication adherence is defined as extent of patients taking medications as prescribed by doctors. It is the major factor that determines the therapeutic outcomes in the patient. Non adherence is quite common problem in most of the patients which is dangerous and can increase treatment expenses. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate and identify various reasons leading to non-adherence which can result in unpleasant consequences in the renal patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study that was performed through a questionnaire for 6 months. The data collected includes renal patient’s demographic details, past history, complaints, medications and interviewed them regarding their medications use by using morisky adherence questionnaire. Results: The study was performed on 300 renal patients in the nephrology department. From this data around 31(10%) of the patients were completely adherent and 269(90%) of the patients were non-adherent to the medications. 66(24%) were non-adherent due to forgetfulness about medications, 49(18.2%) were non-adherent because of very frequent changes made in the drug regimen, 63(23.4%) of the patients were non-adherent because of expensive medicines. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that most of the people are unaware of their own medical condition and about their medications use. We assessed that lack of knowledge on renal complications and purpose of medication adherence will cause the non-medication adherence in the renal patients. So, the health care professionals must educate the patients regarding their severity of their health condition, usage and importance of their prescribed medications and advantages of hemodialysis in CKD patients, dietary restrictions to improve their quality of life and to reduce mortality rate. Non adherence can be also a result of low economic status.
{"title":"Medication Adherence in Renal Patients","authors":"J. Anoohya, U. Sameera, Ravi Chander Thatipelli, Tejaswi Chillara","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medication adherence is defined as extent of patients taking medications as prescribed by doctors. It is the major factor that determines the therapeutic outcomes in the patient. Non adherence is quite common problem in most of the patients which is dangerous and can increase treatment expenses. \u0000Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate and identify various reasons leading to non-adherence which can result in unpleasant consequences in the renal patients. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study that was performed through a questionnaire for 6 months. The data collected includes renal patient’s demographic details, past history, complaints, medications and interviewed them regarding their medications use by using morisky adherence questionnaire. \u0000Results: The study was performed on 300 renal patients in the nephrology department. From this data around 31(10%) of the patients were completely adherent and 269(90%) of the patients were non-adherent to the medications. 66(24%) were non-adherent due to forgetfulness about medications, 49(18.2%) were non-adherent because of very frequent changes made in the drug regimen, 63(23.4%) of the patients were non-adherent because of expensive medicines. \u0000Conclusion: In our study, we observed that most of the people are unaware of their own medical condition and about their medications use. We assessed that lack of knowledge on renal complications and purpose of medication adherence will cause the non-medication adherence in the renal patients. So, the health care professionals must educate the patients regarding their severity of their health condition, usage and importance of their prescribed medications and advantages of hemodialysis in CKD patients, dietary restrictions to improve their quality of life and to reduce mortality rate. Non adherence can be also a result of low economic status.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227414
Eman M Alanazi, S. Alfaer, Naif Mohammed M. Alanazi
Background: Evidence is still lacking regarding the association of restless leg syndrome (RLS) on glycemic control and psychological status in diabetic patients. Aims: To summarize the evidence regarding the association of RLS with glycemic control and psychological status in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The literature search compassed all English-published studies from inception till the 21st of May 2023 on the electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest. The search terms included “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2” AND "restless legs syndrome”. We created a narrative synthesis for the outcomes and pooling of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Results: Sixteen studies were included. Pooling of the HbA1c levels showed a lack of significant differences between the RLS+ve and RLS-ve groups. Seven out of eight studies showed a significant decrease in sleep quality. Three studies assessed the quality of life and found a marked decrease in RLS+ve patients. Two studies out of four found a significant association of RLS with depression, while the other two found a non-significant increase with RLS. Conclusion: There is no evidence that RLS in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with poor glycemic control. The evidence suggests that RLS is associated with a reduction in sleep quality and quality of life. The evidence is inconclusive regarding the association of RLS with depression due to the low number of studies. Physicians should be aware of the associated disorders with RLS in diabetic patients and endeavour to identify and alleviate them.
背景:不宁腿综合征(RLS)与糖尿病患者血糖控制和心理状态的关系尚缺乏证据。目的:总结2型糖尿病患者睡眠倒睡与血糖控制和心理状态的关系。方法:检索MEDLINE/PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、ProQuest等电子数据库中自成立以来至2023年5月21日发表的所有英文论文。搜索词包括“糖尿病，2型”和“不宁腿综合征”。我们为结果和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的汇总创建了一个叙事综合。结果:纳入16项研究。合并HbA1c水平显示，RLS+ve组和RLS-ve组之间缺乏显著差异。8项研究中有7项显示睡眠质量显著下降。三项研究评估了RLS+ve患者的生活质量，发现RLS+ve患者的生活质量显著下降。四项研究中有两项发现睡眠脚动症与抑郁症有显著关联，而另外两项发现睡眠脚动症与抑郁症无显著关联。结论:没有证据表明2型糖尿病患者的RLS与血糖控制不良有关。有证据表明，RLS与睡眠质量和生活质量的下降有关。由于研究数量较少，关于RLS与抑郁症的关系的证据尚无定论。医生应该意识到糖尿病患者与RLS相关的疾病，并努力识别和缓解它们。
{"title":"Association of Restless Legs Syndrome with Glycemic Control and Psychological Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Eman M Alanazi, S. Alfaer, Naif Mohammed M. Alanazi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227414","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence is still lacking regarding the association of restless leg syndrome (RLS) on glycemic control and psychological status in diabetic patients. \u0000Aims: To summarize the evidence regarding the association of RLS with glycemic control and psychological status in adults with type 2 diabetes. \u0000Methods: The literature search compassed all English-published studies from inception till the 21st of May 2023 on the electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest. The search terms included “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2” AND \"restless legs syndrome”. We created a narrative synthesis for the outcomes and pooling of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. \u0000Results: Sixteen studies were included. Pooling of the HbA1c levels showed a lack of significant differences between the RLS+ve and RLS-ve groups. Seven out of eight studies showed a significant decrease in sleep quality. Three studies assessed the quality of life and found a marked decrease in RLS+ve patients. Two studies out of four found a significant association of RLS with depression, while the other two found a non-significant increase with RLS. \u0000Conclusion: There is no evidence that RLS in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with poor glycemic control. The evidence suggests that RLS is associated with a reduction in sleep quality and quality of life. The evidence is inconclusive regarding the association of RLS with depression due to the low number of studies. Physicians should be aware of the associated disorders with RLS in diabetic patients and endeavour to identify and alleviate them.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227415
D. Batra, Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, S. Khurana, R. Brar, Mallika Khanna
Introduction: The purpose of the root canal obturation is to provide a hermetic seal, that inhibits the microleakage and canal reinfection, thus the health of the periapical tissues can be preserved. It has been observed that the sealer used during endodontic therapy has a direct link with the longevity of the treatment and the occurrence of postoperative pain. Aim: The goal of the present study was to assess microleakage in extracted teeth of four separate endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, MTA Fillapex, and Ceraseal) using the dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 84 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated and obturated using four different sealers and divided into four groups along with two control groups based on the sealer used. Microleakage was checked in apical sections using the dye penetration method under the stereomicroscope. Results: The maximum dye penetration was seen in Sealapex whereas the least microleakage was shown by Ceraseal endodontic sealer. Conclusion: Maximum microleakage was seen with calcium hydroxide based (Sealapex) while the least microleakage was noticed in bioceramic based (Ceraseal) sealer group.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Microleakage Associated with Various Endodontic Sealers: An in-vitro Study","authors":"D. Batra, Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, S. Khurana, R. Brar, Mallika Khanna","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227415","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of the root canal obturation is to provide a hermetic seal, that inhibits the microleakage and canal reinfection, thus the health of the periapical tissues can be preserved. It has been observed that the sealer used during endodontic therapy has a direct link with the longevity of the treatment and the occurrence of postoperative pain. \u0000Aim: The goal of the present study was to assess microleakage in extracted teeth of four separate endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, MTA Fillapex, and Ceraseal) using the dye penetration method. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 84 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated and obturated using four different sealers and divided into four groups along with two control groups based on the sealer used. Microleakage was checked in apical sections using the dye penetration method under the stereomicroscope. \u0000Results: The maximum dye penetration was seen in Sealapex whereas the least microleakage was shown by Ceraseal endodontic sealer. \u0000Conclusion: Maximum microleakage was seen with calcium hydroxide based (Sealapex) while the least microleakage was noticed in bioceramic based (Ceraseal) sealer group.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227412
Yamini, devprakash dahiya, C. Kumari, A. Soni, Meena
The heterocyclic molecule isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives form a significant family of chemicals that can be employed as building blocks for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. In the computational method known as docking, different software tools produce different positions at which ligands attach to their receptors. With the help of the Molegro virtual docker software (Version 6.0) and the PDB 3ACX, the present study attempts to perform a high-throughput in silico screening of 27 developed isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives. The docking results showed mol dock scores of -103.345 and one hydrogen bond interaction for the standard drug Ampicillin, on the other hand, the isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives YDA 27, YDA 26, YDA 25, YDA 17 and YDA 7 exhibited excellent mol dock scores and docking scores ranging from -104.23 to -121.126. Apart from the mol dock score, most of the studied compounds observed excellent hydrogen bonding with amino acids of PDB. Compound YDA 27, YDA 26, YDA 25, YDA 17 and YDA 7 showed 3 to 7 hydrogen bond interactions, however, the standard drug Ampicillin showed H-bond interaction with 1 amino acid Val 133 and Val 137. The results of the present study confirmed the significant antimicrobial potential of some designed isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives based on their mol dock values and other parameters when studied in silico, and the data obtained will give data that supports and provides perspectives in future research to develop an effective antimicrobial agent from these derivatives.
{"title":"In silico Molecular Docking Study of Isatin and Acetophenone Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agent","authors":"Yamini, devprakash dahiya, C. Kumari, A. Soni, Meena","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i227412","url":null,"abstract":"The heterocyclic molecule isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives form a significant family of chemicals that can be employed as building blocks for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. In the computational method known as docking, different software tools produce different positions at which ligands attach to their receptors. With the help of the Molegro virtual docker software (Version 6.0) and the PDB 3ACX, the present study attempts to perform a high-throughput in silico screening of 27 developed isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives. The docking results showed mol dock scores of -103.345 and one hydrogen bond interaction for the standard drug Ampicillin, on the other hand, the isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives YDA 27, YDA 26, YDA 25, YDA 17 and YDA 7 exhibited excellent mol dock scores and docking scores ranging from -104.23 to -121.126. Apart from the mol dock score, most of the studied compounds observed excellent hydrogen bonding with amino acids of PDB. Compound YDA 27, YDA 26, YDA 25, YDA 17 and YDA 7 showed 3 to 7 hydrogen bond interactions, however, the standard drug Ampicillin showed H-bond interaction with 1 amino acid Val 133 and Val 137. The results of the present study confirmed the significant antimicrobial potential of some designed isatin and acetophenone-based derivatives based on their mol dock values and other parameters when studied in silico, and the data obtained will give data that supports and provides perspectives in future research to develop an effective antimicrobial agent from these derivatives.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217411
Arna Pal, S. Chakraborty, Abani Roy, N. N. Bala
Aim: The present study aims at the comparison of cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae) by brine shrimp lethality assay. Methodology: Dried leaves and stems were macerated with methanol separately and preliminary phytochemical screenings were carried out. Hatched brine shrimp nauplii were chosen for the assay. The effect was assessed by calculating % mortality of nauplii with different concentrations of the test extracts (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) and standard vincristine sulphate. All sets were performed in triplicate. Results: The extracts of leaves and stems revealed to possess chiefly alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids. Both the extracts exhibited promising outcomes in dose dependant manner while significant responses in most of the doses were also calculated. Leaves were found to be more potent (LC50 value of 276.29 µg/ml.) compared to the stems (LC50 value of 322.95 µg/ml.). All the doses of the standard Vincristine sulphate were found to display significant activity compared to the control and was calculated to have LC50 value of 11.75 µg/ml. Conclusion: The methanolic extracts of leaves and stems have shown potential cytotoxicity against brine shrimp which were highly comparable with standard. Further work on isolation, characterization and tests on cell lines may lead to identification of active principles.
{"title":"Comparative Study of In vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Leaves and Stems Extracts of Clitoria ternatea by Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay","authors":"Arna Pal, S. Chakraborty, Abani Roy, N. N. Bala","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217411","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aims at the comparison of cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae) by brine shrimp lethality assay. \u0000Methodology: Dried leaves and stems were macerated with methanol separately and preliminary phytochemical screenings were carried out. Hatched brine shrimp nauplii were chosen for the assay. The effect was assessed by calculating % mortality of nauplii with different concentrations of the test extracts (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) and standard vincristine sulphate. All sets were performed in triplicate. \u0000Results: The extracts of leaves and stems revealed to possess chiefly alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids. Both the extracts exhibited promising outcomes in dose dependant manner while significant responses in most of the doses were also calculated. Leaves were found to be more potent (LC50 value of 276.29 µg/ml.) compared to the stems (LC50 value of 322.95 µg/ml.). All the doses of the standard Vincristine sulphate were found to display significant activity compared to the control and was calculated to have LC50 value of 11.75 µg/ml. \u0000Conclusion: The methanolic extracts of leaves and stems have shown potential cytotoxicity against brine shrimp which were highly comparable with standard. Further work on isolation, characterization and tests on cell lines may lead to identification of active principles.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217410
Ahmad Mohammad Alasmari, Sami Saeed Almudarra
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified tobacco smoking as a global epidemic, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking-related behaviours among individuals attending smoking cessation clinics in Jeddah during 2018. By identifying these factors, appropriate interventions can be developed to combat the smoking epidemic.
Methods: The study enrolled All the clients who visited the Smoking Cessation Clinics in Jeddah from January 2018 to December 2018. Eligible participants were between 18 and 60 years old and agreed to take part in the study. Data on smoking status, medical history, previous attempts at quitting, and medication use were collected. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and p-values, were conducted to assess the associations between participants' medical history and smoking cessation attempts.
Results: A total of 5869 participants were included in the study. The findings revealed that approximately one-fifth of the participants had previously attempted to quit smoking, while the majority (81.4%) had not made any cessation attempts. Among those who had made quit attempts, most had tried quitting between one to four times (16.5%). The duration of successful cessation reported by participants was generally short, with the majority (81.5%) not experiencing any extended period of quitting. Common reasons for relapse included cravings, social influences, mood changes, stress, and withdrawal symptoms.
Conclusion: There was a significant association between male gender, age group over 51years, divorced marital status, intermediate educational levels, higher income levels, retired status, extreme BMI category, and previous attempts at smoking cessation. Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider these findings when developing and implementing smoking cessation programs. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of targeted interventions to reduce smoking rates and improve public health outcomes.
{"title":"Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Tobacco Consumption among Smokers Attended Ministry of Health Smoking Cessation Clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during 2018","authors":"Ahmad Mohammad Alasmari, Sami Saeed Almudarra","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i217410","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified tobacco smoking as a global epidemic, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking-related behaviours among individuals attending smoking cessation clinics in Jeddah during 2018. By identifying these factors, appropriate interventions can be developed to combat the smoking epidemic.
 Methods: The study enrolled All the clients who visited the Smoking Cessation Clinics in Jeddah from January 2018 to December 2018. Eligible participants were between 18 and 60 years old and agreed to take part in the study. Data on smoking status, medical history, previous attempts at quitting, and medication use were collected. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and p-values, were conducted to assess the associations between participants' medical history and smoking cessation attempts.
 Results: A total of 5869 participants were included in the study. The findings revealed that approximately one-fifth of the participants had previously attempted to quit smoking, while the majority (81.4%) had not made any cessation attempts. Among those who had made quit attempts, most had tried quitting between one to four times (16.5%). The duration of successful cessation reported by participants was generally short, with the majority (81.5%) not experiencing any extended period of quitting. Common reasons for relapse included cravings, social influences, mood changes, stress, and withdrawal symptoms.
 Conclusion: There was a significant association between male gender, age group over 51years, divorced marital status, intermediate educational levels, higher income levels, retired status, extreme BMI category, and previous attempts at smoking cessation. Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider these findings when developing and implementing smoking cessation programs. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of targeted interventions to reduce smoking rates and improve public health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135835769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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