Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2063
M. Abrar, S. M. Chaudhry
This paper presents a very simple approach to design effective PFD (Phase Frequency Detector) and charge pump (CP) circuits for high frequency Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) applications. The PFD design uses only six transistors for the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed through. The proposed design has a symmetric structure in terms of W/L ratios, transistor positioning and number of transistors in both up and down network which produces a stable charging operation and reduces the spurious jumps in the output voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The proposed design provides a high output voltage swing of 1.4V while operating at 1.5V supply voltage. The design has been implemented in 1P-9M UMC 90nm CMOS technology. Simulations show the effectiveness of the design in terms of lower power consumption, lower noise and reduced distortion.
{"title":"DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS","authors":"M. Abrar, S. M. Chaudhry","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a very simple approach to design effective PFD (Phase Frequency Detector) and charge pump (CP) circuits for high frequency Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) applications. The PFD design uses only six transistors for the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed through. The proposed design has a symmetric structure in terms of W/L ratios, transistor positioning and number of transistors in both up and down network which produces a stable charging operation and reduces the spurious jumps in the output voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The proposed design provides a high output voltage swing of 1.4V while operating at 1.5V supply voltage. The design has been implemented in 1P-9M UMC 90nm CMOS technology. Simulations show the effectiveness of the design in terms of lower power consumption, lower noise and reduced distortion.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128910572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2064
F. Khan, M. Iqbal
This article describes the fabrication and characterization of a medium scale vibration shaker and a wind tunnel for testing of micro and meso scale vibration based, wind based and hybrid (using combined vibration and wind) energy harvesters. The mechanical shakers used for vibration and shock testing are the most versatile, inexpensive and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce random vibrations and can also be used for shock tests. The reported vibration shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is fitted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made adjustable and through the railing mechanism it can move vertically as well as horizontally. Moreover, a wooden block containing a fixture for a device is glued to the center of the speaker. A power amplifier and a function generator are utilized to provide the desired signal for the operation of the shaker. The wind generating portion of the testing rig comprised of a variable speed fan, a duct pipe and an anemometer. The vibration and wind producing units of the testing rig are assembled on the same base, such that, these can operate separately as well as simultaneously. In the testing rig the vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal input signals from the function generator. With the vibration shaker base acceleration levels from 0.01 g to 2.0 g are produce during a frequency sweep from 1 to 200 Hz. Beyond, 200 Hz, the excitation levels obtained from the shaker are constant. Moreover, the shaker is also characterized by placing different weights on the shaker’s table. The excitation levels for bare table test decreases down from 0.54 g to 0.30 g and 0.22 g by adding a weight of 500 grams and 1000 grams respectively. In the developed testing rig, the wind tunnel is capable of producing an air velocity from 0.4 to 11 m/s at the corresponding fan speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm respectively. Furthermore, the reported wind tunnel is quite able to producing a maximum mass flow rate of 0.170 kg/s.
{"title":"Development of a testing rig for vibration and wind based energy harvesters","authors":"F. Khan, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V35I2.2064","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the fabrication and characterization of a medium scale vibration shaker and a wind tunnel for testing of micro and meso scale vibration based, wind based and hybrid (using combined vibration and wind) energy harvesters. The mechanical shakers used for vibration and shock testing are the most versatile, inexpensive and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce random vibrations and can also be used for shock tests. The reported vibration shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is fitted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made adjustable and through the railing mechanism it can move vertically as well as horizontally. Moreover, a wooden block containing a fixture for a device is glued to the center of the speaker. A power amplifier and a function generator are utilized to provide the desired signal for the operation of the shaker. The wind generating portion of the testing rig comprised of a variable speed fan, a duct pipe and an anemometer. The vibration and wind producing units of the testing rig are assembled on the same base, such that, these can operate separately as well as simultaneously. In the testing rig the vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal input signals from the function generator. With the vibration shaker base acceleration levels from 0.01 g to 2.0 g are produce during a frequency sweep from 1 to 200 Hz. Beyond, 200 Hz, the excitation levels obtained from the shaker are constant. Moreover, the shaker is also characterized by placing different weights on the shaker’s table. The excitation levels for bare table test decreases down from 0.54 g to 0.30 g and 0.22 g by adding a weight of 500 grams and 1000 grams respectively. In the developed testing rig, the wind tunnel is capable of producing an air velocity from 0.4 to 11 m/s at the corresponding fan speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm respectively. Furthermore, the reported wind tunnel is quite able to producing a maximum mass flow rate of 0.170 kg/s.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132116985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2040
W. Imtiaz, Yousaf Khan, S. W. Shah
Conventional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system for passive optical network (PON) has limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution level. This paper focuses on design and analysis of a novel tree-based hybrid protection architecture for OCDMA system in order to make it economical and reliable for deployment at the access domain. It is observed that the proposed protection architecture provides desirable (5 nines) connection availability along with minimum cost as compared to existing tree based protection architectures.
{"title":"COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM","authors":"W. Imtiaz, Yousaf Khan, S. W. Shah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2040","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system for passive optical network (PON) has limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution level. This paper focuses on design and analysis of a novel tree-based hybrid protection architecture for OCDMA system in order to make it economical and reliable for deployment at the access domain. It is observed that the proposed protection architecture provides desirable (5 nines) connection availability along with minimum cost as compared to existing tree based protection architectures.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126470358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2039
Bibi Safia Haq, H. U. Khan, A. Shakoor, S. Attaullah, K. Shaheen, K. Alam
This study investigates the fluorescence emission profile of Thioxanthone in ethanol due to two photon absorption excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also incident laser power effects were analyzed and it was found that the fluorescence intensity increases with increasing incident laser power, I o ,and the emitted fluorescence obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the photosensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm, 400nm), it was found that fluorescence emission profile does not change but variations occur only in fluorescence emission intensity This study investigates the fluorescence emission profile of Thioxanthone in Ethanol due to two photon absorption excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as Photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm, 400nm), it was found that Fluorescence Emission Profile did not change but variations occurred only in Fluorescence Emission Intensity.
{"title":"TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS OF PHOTOSENSITIZER THIOXANTHONETO FABRICATE CELL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"Bibi Safia Haq, H. U. Khan, A. Shakoor, S. Attaullah, K. Shaheen, K. Alam","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2039","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the fluorescence emission profile of Thioxanthone in ethanol due to two photon absorption excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also incident laser power effects were analyzed and it was found that the fluorescence intensity increases with increasing incident laser power, I o ,and the emitted fluorescence obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the photosensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm, 400nm), it was found that fluorescence emission profile does not change but variations occur only in fluorescence emission intensity This study investigates the fluorescence emission profile of Thioxanthone in Ethanol due to two photon absorption excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as Photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm, 400nm), it was found that Fluorescence Emission Profile did not change but variations occurred only in Fluorescence Emission Intensity.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133367814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2042
Bibi Safia Haq, H. U. Khan, A. Shakoor, S. Attaullah, Ishrat Rahim
In this study the ablation efficiency and the phenomenology of the etched keratin patterns have been investigated and the surface modification was analysed. For effective studies of skin treatments, large areas of model skin need to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin layers with different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Tencor and the surface statistics of the ablated keratin sample have been analysed using a white light interferometer WYKO NT1100.
{"title":"PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ArF EXCIMER LASER","authors":"Bibi Safia Haq, H. U. Khan, A. Shakoor, S. Attaullah, Ishrat Rahim","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V35I1.2042","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the ablation efficiency and the phenomenology of the etched keratin patterns have been investigated and the surface modification was analysed. For effective studies of skin treatments, large areas of model skin need to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin layers with different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Tencor and the surface statistics of the ablated keratin sample have been analysed using a white light interferometer WYKO NT1100.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"299 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.78.G28
Z. Baloch
The fundamental principle of threaded algebraic space-time (TAST) block code and DS-CDMA are retrospectedand their integrationare studied and analyzed. Simulation results show that a substantial improvement in bit error rate (BER)can be achieved in CDMA networks by integratingTAST codes in it.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF TAST CODES IN DS-CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM","authors":"Z. Baloch","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.78.G28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.78.G28","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental principle of threaded algebraic space-time (TAST) block code and DS-CDMA are retrospectedand their integrationare studied and analyzed. Simulation results show that a substantial improvement in bit error rate (BER)can be achieved in CDMA networks by integratingTAST codes in it.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"49 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122503604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anwar Ullah, sabir Islam, S. B. Khattak, Safiyur Rahman, S. Maqsood, R. Akhtar, Rashid Nawaz, M. Ullah
Heavy earth moving equipment’s are critical for completion of any developmental projects. Dams, schools, bridges or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment availability is mandatory on site. Their movement is critical and usually limited. The data collected includes both manufacturer and operator requirement. Usually such equipment is treated as normal machine irrespective of the rough environment it works in. The analysis includes segregation, Pareto analysis and Five Why analysis. A dedicated maintenance model is proposed which includes checklist and proper maintenance schedule.
{"title":"MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT","authors":"Anwar Ullah, sabir Islam, S. B. Khattak, Safiyur Rahman, S. Maqsood, R. Akhtar, Rashid Nawaz, M. Ullah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.84","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy earth moving equipment’s are critical for completion of any developmental projects. Dams, schools, bridges or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment availability is mandatory on site. Their movement is critical and usually limited. The data collected includes both manufacturer and operator requirement. Usually such equipment is treated as normal machine irrespective of the rough environment it works in. The analysis includes segregation, Pareto analysis and Five Why analysis. A dedicated maintenance model is proposed which includes checklist and proper maintenance schedule.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"808 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129825354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In bioinformatics, sequence alignment is a common and insistent task. Biologists align genome sequences to find important similarities and dissimilarities in them. Multiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. All the experiments have been performed on a Linux based multi-core machine thereby reducing the overall complexity of the SW algorithm from quadratic to linear. The results obtained with various input sequences demonstrate that the parallel version of the SW algorithm runs 2.63 times faster than its sequential counterpart.
{"title":"OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT","authors":"A. Khan, Laiq Hassan, Salim Ullah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.82","url":null,"abstract":"In bioinformatics, sequence alignment is a common and insistent task. Biologists align genome sequences to find important similarities and dissimilarities in them. Multiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. All the experiments have been performed on a Linux based multi-core machine thereby reducing the overall complexity of the SW algorithm from quadratic to linear. The results obtained with various input sequences demonstrate that the parallel version of the SW algorithm runs 2.63 times faster than its sequential counterpart.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2114
R. Haider, Allauddin Kakar, S. B. Khattak, S. Rehman, S. Maqsood, M. Ullah, R. Akhtar, Aamir Sikandar
Vehicle fleet holds a firm ground in both manufacturing and service industry. Fleet management plays a substantial role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a maintenance system that integrates the flow of information by incorporating different maintenance strategies. The analysis is carried out on the basis of likelihood of the failures. Five Why Analysis is used to identify the root cause. The model incorporates the inspection method by using checklists and maintenance schedules. The system is capable to provide the basis for an advance system development.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET","authors":"R. Haider, Allauddin Kakar, S. B. Khattak, S. Rehman, S. Maqsood, M. Ullah, R. Akhtar, Aamir Sikandar","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2114","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle fleet holds a firm ground in both manufacturing and service industry. Fleet management plays a substantial role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a maintenance system that integrates the flow of information by incorporating different maintenance strategies. The analysis is carried out on the basis of likelihood of the failures. Five Why Analysis is used to identify the root cause. The model incorporates the inspection method by using checklists and maintenance schedules. The system is capable to provide the basis for an advance system development.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131081328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2112
F. Shabbir
Cement industry is one of the major producers of carbon dioxide gas (a greenhouse gas) and ordinary concrete contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about 7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources (gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in the ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent of cement. Specimens were tested for initial setting time, final setting time, mechanical strengths (i.e. compressive and tensile strength) and dry density, and results are compared with ordinary concrete (without WPSA).The results showed that WPSA can be replaced up to 15% by weight of cement. Also the initial and final setting time of cement are gradually reduced by increasing the percentage of WPSA. The addition of WPSA results in a lighter concrete.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX","authors":"F. Shabbir","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2112","url":null,"abstract":"Cement industry is one of the major producers of carbon dioxide gas (a greenhouse gas) and ordinary concrete contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about 7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources (gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in the ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent of cement. Specimens were tested for initial setting time, final setting time, mechanical strengths (i.e. compressive and tensile strength) and dry density, and results are compared with ordinary concrete (without WPSA).The results showed that WPSA can be replaced up to 15% by weight of cement. Also the initial and final setting time of cement are gradually reduced by increasing the percentage of WPSA. The addition of WPSA results in a lighter concrete.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124322379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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