Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2121
H. Nasir, R. Rehan, Rizwan Younas, F. Mabood, Salman Saeed, M. Aslam
Proper selection of the type and number of machinery on construction is critical to the total cost and duration of projects. This especially applies to projects involving using of heavy machinery such as earthmoving projects. Cur- rently, many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique simulation tool based on the system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a case study involving demolition and recycling of a flexible pavement.
{"title":"MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL","authors":"H. Nasir, R. Rehan, Rizwan Younas, F. Mabood, Salman Saeed, M. Aslam","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.2121","url":null,"abstract":"Proper selection of the type and number of machinery on construction is critical to the total cost and duration of projects. This especially applies to projects involving using of heavy machinery such as earthmoving projects. Cur- rently, many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique simulation tool based on the system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a case study involving demolition and recycling of a flexible pavement.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.85.G35
F. Ullah, Adeel Ahmad, Uzair Khan Jadoon, F. Haider
This paper presents modeling, simulation and fabrication of an undershot floating waterwheel for power generation for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are per- formed to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The simulations performed for the 1 kW power development, show that a 1 m radius waterwheel with 10 number of blades, each having a width of 1.75 m and height of 0.55 m, are capable of generating the desired power from stream flow velocity of 1.5 m/s. Moreover, a prototype of an undershot floating waterwheel is also fabricated from low weight materials, such as, fiber glass and mild steel square tubes. For electrical power generation a DC generator is coupled with the output shaft of the waterwheel. The developed prototype wheel successfully produced a maximum power of 0.6 kW from a water stream flowing at 1.2 m/s in an irrigation channel.
{"title":"MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL","authors":"F. Ullah, Adeel Ahmad, Uzair Khan Jadoon, F. Haider","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.85.G35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.85.G35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents modeling, simulation and fabrication of an undershot floating waterwheel for power generation for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are per- formed to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The simulations performed for the 1 kW power development, show that a 1 m radius waterwheel with 10 number of blades, each having a width of 1.75 m and height of 0.55 m, are capable of generating the desired power from stream flow velocity of 1.5 m/s. Moreover, a prototype of an undershot floating waterwheel is also fabricated from low weight materials, such as, fiber glass and mild steel square tubes. For electrical power generation a DC generator is coupled with the output shaft of the waterwheel. The developed prototype wheel successfully produced a maximum power of 0.6 kW from a water stream flowing at 1.2 m/s in an irrigation channel.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Paper is about the reduction of specific absorption rate (SAR) of wearable rectangular patch antenna for 1.8GHz and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduction of power absorption was also noticed as the space of patch antenna increased. The SAR of Patch antennas are reduced from 0.0005 to 0.00041 SAR Avg (mW/g) at frequencies of 1.8GHZ & 2.45GHZ respectively resulting in a significant improvement in antenna performance. The improvement in directivity & gain has been observed and bandwidth of about 65% has achieved with Specific absorption rate reduction.
本文研究了1.8GHz和2.45GHz无线应用中可穿戴矩形贴片天线比吸收率(SAR)的降低问题。天线在计算机仿真技术软件中指定为3mm X 3mm X 3mm分辨率的截断雨果体模型。结果表明，与先前达到的SAR降低83.5%相比，比吸收率模拟值降低了89%。随着贴片天线间距的增大，功率吸收也随之减小。在1.8GHZ和2.45GHZ频率下，Patch天线的SAR分别从0.0005降低到0.00041 SAR Avg (mW/g)，显著提高了天线性能。在指向性和增益方面均有改善，在比吸收率降低的情况下，实现了约65%的带宽。
{"title":"The Reduction of Specific Absorption Rate at Different Frequencies","authors":"Sahib Khan, A. Rehman, Nasir Ahmad, M. Naeem","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I2.86","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper is about the reduction of specific absorption rate (SAR) of wearable rectangular patch antenna for 1.8GHz and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduction of power absorption was also noticed as the space of patch antenna increased. The SAR of Patch antennas are reduced from 0.0005 to 0.00041 SAR Avg (mW/g) at frequencies of 1.8GHZ & 2.45GHZ respectively resulting in a significant improvement in antenna performance. The improvement in directivity & gain has been observed and bandwidth of about 65% has achieved with Specific absorption rate reduction.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123840091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2209
M. Nafees, Asim Nawab, Wisal Shah
The present study was conducted to assess the performance of the treatment plant installed on the main effluent drain of Hayatabad Industrial Estate (HIE) for reducing pollution load. The objective of the study was to know about the pollution removal efficiency and suggest changes in the existent treatment plant, if required. For this purpose, samples were taken from the effluent, before and after it went through the treatment plant. It was found that the treatment was not sufficient to remove various physical and chemical parameters including Suspended solids (SS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Sulfide (S) in order to comply with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS).The collected samples were then treated in the laboratory in order to identify and suggest suitable coagulant. For this purpose three different treatments .i.e. Lime, Alum and Alum+Lime were applied. The optimum doses identified were 25, 35 and 26:13 ml respectively. The settling time was 25, 35 and 20 minutes respectively for lime, alum and alum+lime. The results revealed that the combine treatment (Alum + Lime) effectively removed suspended load up to 90%, along with 82% BOD, and 80% COD respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the installed small scale treatment plant is not enough in its present form and needs to be upgraded by adding a coagulation step.
{"title":"STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS","authors":"M. Nafees, Asim Nawab, Wisal Shah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2209","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the performance of the treatment plant installed on the main effluent drain of Hayatabad Industrial Estate (HIE) for reducing pollution load. The objective of the study was to know about the pollution removal efficiency and suggest changes in the existent treatment plant, if required. For this purpose, samples were taken from the effluent, before and after it went through the treatment plant. It was found that the treatment was not sufficient to remove various physical and chemical parameters including Suspended solids (SS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Sulfide (S) in order to comply with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS).The collected samples were then treated in the laboratory in order to identify and suggest suitable coagulant. For this purpose three different treatments .i.e. Lime, Alum and Alum+Lime were applied. The optimum doses identified were 25, 35 and 26:13 ml respectively. The settling time was 25, 35 and 20 minutes respectively for lime, alum and alum+lime. The results revealed that the combine treatment (Alum + Lime) effectively removed suspended load up to 90%, along with 82% BOD, and 80% COD respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the installed small scale treatment plant is not enough in its present form and needs to be upgraded by adding a coagulation step.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah Shakirullah
This paper presents a comparative study of two well-known classification techniques of iris patterns, along with detailed description of some preprocessing steps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1 dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of 93.85 %) of iris patterns.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION","authors":"A. Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah Shakirullah","doi":"10.25211/jeas.v34i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/jeas.v34i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study of two well-known classification techniques of iris patterns, along with detailed description of some preprocessing steps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1 dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of 93.85 %) of iris patterns.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123543305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marble processing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment. This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units and compares it with the calcium carbonate used in the cement industry by analyzing it for physical and chemical characteristics. Cement was made in the laboratory according to standard formulation. Commercial brand available in the market was used as control for product comparison. Physical and chemical properties of both cements and mechanical properties of their concrete specimens were tested according to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results showed that the cement prepared from marble slurry waste have similar properties like commercial brand. It was concluded that marble slurry can be used as a substitute of calcium carbonate raw-material in the manufacturing of commercial cement.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT","authors":"Wisal Shah, M. Nafees, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Marble processing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment. This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units and compares it with the calcium carbonate used in the cement industry by analyzing it for physical and chemical characteristics. Cement was made in the laboratory according to standard formulation. Commercial brand available in the market was used as control for product comparison. Physical and chemical properties of both cements and mechanical properties of their concrete specimens were tested according to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results showed that the cement prepared from marble slurry waste have similar properties like commercial brand. It was concluded that marble slurry can be used as a substitute of calcium carbonate raw-material in the manufacturing of commercial cement.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115806339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2210
T. Usman, R. Rehan, Salman Saeed
Transportation networks remain fixed, in terms of capacity, for long duration of times due to various reasons such as budgeting constraints, availability of land for more lanes. Whereas automobile growth rate increases each year putting more burden on our road networks. Transportation planners have used different strategies to reduce traffic load on road networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, subsidized bus passes. One such measure is Universal bus Pass (UPass) which has been proven to be an effective solution for transit demand management. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an increase of 50% has been observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced a positive change in transit ridership trends. The developed models are demonstrated through a case study.
{"title":"QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY","authors":"T. Usman, R. Rehan, Salman Saeed","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V34I1.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation networks remain fixed, in terms of capacity, for long duration of times due to various reasons such as budgeting constraints, availability of land for more lanes. Whereas automobile growth rate increases each year putting more burden on our road networks. Transportation planners have used different strategies to reduce traffic load on road networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, subsidized bus passes. One such measure is Universal bus Pass (UPass) which has been proven to be an effective solution for transit demand management. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an increase of 50% has been observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced a positive change in transit ridership trends. The developed models are demonstrated through a case study.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125692659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2343
Khizar Azam, A. Shakoor, R. Shah, Afzal Khan, S. A. Shah, M. Khalil
Driver Fatigue is one of the leading causes of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) in Pakistan . An attempt has been made in this research to compare the proportion of driver fatigue related RTC on the Motorways and National Highways of Pakistan. Data were collected from the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP). Data for 2003 to 2012 of all RTC on Motorways and 2003-2011 on the National Highways (N-5) were examined extensively by applying Australian Transportation Safety Bureau (ATSB) criteria for determining fatigue related RTC. The Total number of RTC on Motorways during 2003-2012 was 1750 out of which 497 were fatigue-related. The total number of RTC on (N-5) during 2003-2011 was 5080 out of which 483 were fatigue-related. The average percentage of fatigue related RTC on Motorways was 28%, however on National Highways (N-5) it was found to be 10%. Fatigue-related RTC is thus more prevalent on the Motorways. It was also discovered that fatigue-related RTC result in mostly fatal accidents on the Motorway (54%) and serious injuries on N-5 (41%).
{"title":"COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Khizar Azam, A. Shakoor, R. Shah, Afzal Khan, S. A. Shah, M. Khalil","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2343","url":null,"abstract":"Driver Fatigue is one of the leading causes of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) in Pakistan . An attempt has been made in this research to compare the proportion of driver fatigue related RTC on the Motorways and National Highways of Pakistan. Data were collected from the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP). Data for 2003 to 2012 of all RTC on Motorways and 2003-2011 on the National Highways (N-5) were examined extensively by applying Australian Transportation Safety Bureau (ATSB) criteria for determining fatigue related RTC. The Total number of RTC on Motorways during 2003-2012 was 1750 out of which 497 were fatigue-related. The total number of RTC on (N-5) during 2003-2011 was 5080 out of which 483 were fatigue-related. The average percentage of fatigue related RTC on Motorways was 28%, however on National Highways (N-5) it was found to be 10%. Fatigue-related RTC is thus more prevalent on the Motorways. It was also discovered that fatigue-related RTC result in mostly fatal accidents on the Motorway (54%) and serious injuries on N-5 (41%).","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130940051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2342
S. Gul, M. Irfan, H. Bilal, A. Rehman, Umair Khan, S. Khan
A solvent extraction process has been used to recycle the used engine oil. The solvent used for the treatment of used engine oil is a mixture of ethanol, 1- butanol and toluene. The effect of operating parameters on the recycling process has been investigated for optimal conditions. The process parameters considered were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to used oil ratio. The maximum recovery for refined oil was 72% using solvent to used oil ratio of 9:1 at a boiler temperature 120° C and agitator speed of 600 rpm. The maximum solvent recovery of 98% was also obtained at the same process conditions
{"title":"RECYCLING OF USED ENGINE OIL USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION","authors":"S. Gul, M. Irfan, H. Bilal, A. Rehman, Umair Khan, S. Khan","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2342","url":null,"abstract":"A solvent extraction process has been used to recycle the used engine oil. The solvent used for the treatment of used engine oil is a mixture of ethanol, 1- butanol and toluene. The effect of operating parameters on the recycling process has been investigated for optimal conditions. The process parameters considered were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to used oil ratio. The maximum recovery for refined oil was 72% using solvent to used oil ratio of 9:1 at a boiler temperature 120° C and agitator speed of 600 rpm. The maximum solvent recovery of 98% was also obtained at the same process conditions","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132493831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2325
F. Khan
This paper describes the design and fabrication of miniature electromagnetic-type vibration shaker for generating sinusoidal vibrations. Conventional machining is used to produce different parts of the vibration shaker. The shaker’s table is supported by zig-zag planar beams and a copper wound coil is contained at the lower portion of the shaker’s table. Alternating magnetic field of the wound coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet generates a sinusoidal force that causes the shaker’s table to vibrate at the frequency of input electrical signal to the shaker. Modal analysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode of the vibration the shaker’s table is perfectly moving up and down. The developed vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal electrical input signal. At different gain levels of the power amplifier, the shaker is subjected to a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. At resonant frequency of 60 Hz, acceleration amplitudes of 5, 10, 18, 20 g are produced at gain levels of -60, -55, -50 and -48 dB respectively. Beyond 200 Hz almost constant acceleration levels of 1.8, 1.3, 0.9 and 0.7 g are obtained at -48, -50, -55 and -60 dB respectively. Current drawn and power delivered are maximum, when the shaker is operated at the resonant frequency. Operating on the resonant frequency of 60 Hz, a maximum power of 0.6 W is delivered to the shaker at -48 dB gain level.
{"title":"MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION","authors":"F. Khan","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V33I2.2325","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and fabrication of miniature electromagnetic-type vibration shaker for generating sinusoidal vibrations. Conventional machining is used to produce different parts of the vibration shaker. The shaker’s table is supported by zig-zag planar beams and a copper wound coil is contained at the lower portion of the shaker’s table. Alternating magnetic field of the wound coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet generates a sinusoidal force that causes the shaker’s table to vibrate at the frequency of input electrical signal to the shaker. Modal analysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode of the vibration the shaker’s table is perfectly moving up and down. The developed vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal electrical input signal. At different gain levels of the power amplifier, the shaker is subjected to a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. At resonant frequency of 60 Hz, acceleration amplitudes of 5, 10, 18, 20 g are produced at gain levels of -60, -55, -50 and -48 dB respectively. Beyond 200 Hz almost constant acceleration levels of 1.8, 1.3, 0.9 and 0.7 g are obtained at -48, -50, -55 and -60 dB respectively. Current drawn and power delivered are maximum, when the shaker is operated at the resonant frequency. Operating on the resonant frequency of 60 Hz, a maximum power of 0.6 W is delivered to the shaker at -48 dB gain level.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：