In this research, the aluminate spinel type materials, MAl2O4, are synthesised by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method to investigate the effect of the element (M = Ca and Ba) on their structural, mainly crystallinity and optical properties. The characterisations are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The XRD and FT-IR results showed the formation of the single-phase spinel structure of CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4. The band gap energy was investigated using the Tauc method, and the obtained values were 3.93 eV and 3.77 eV for CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4, respectively. The results showed a good agreement with the data as reported in the literature.
{"title":"Structural and Optical Properties of MAl2O4 Spinel-type Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method for Photocatalytic Application","authors":"K. Mahi, R. Mostefa","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the aluminate spinel type materials, MAl2O4, are synthesised by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method to investigate the effect of the element (M = Ca and Ba) on their structural, mainly crystallinity and optical properties. The characterisations are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The XRD and FT-IR results showed the formation of the single-phase spinel structure of CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4. The band gap energy was investigated using the Tauc method, and the obtained values were 3.93 eV and 3.77 eV for CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4, respectively. The results showed a good agreement with the data as reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80762639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.
{"title":"Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials\u0000ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters","authors":"Pui-Voon Yap, M. Chan, S. Koay","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78808418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has a great potential to convert solar light into electricity. In this article, a prototype of DSSC had been successfully fabricated using ZnO:Al thin film and dye from red dragon fruit as a working electrode. ZnO:Al thin films were prepared by a sol-gel spin coating method with variation of post-heating temperatures. The XRD result confirms that all ZnO:Al thin films have a hexagonal structure with crystal sizes of 16 nm to 41 nm. SEM analysis showed the nanoparticles with particle size of 30 nm to 80 nm. The bandgap ranges from 3.16 eV to 3.40 eV. The EIS analysis reveals that charge transfer resistance greatly decreases with the rise of temperature. The efficiency of DSSC gradually improved with increasing the post-heating temperature. ZnO:Al with a post-heating temperature of 600°C had the highest efficiency of 0.398%.
{"title":"Effect of Post-Heating Temperature on Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with ZnO:Al Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin Coating","authors":"N. Siregar, M. Motlan, Jonny Haratua Pangabean","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has a great potential to convert solar light into electricity. In this article, a prototype of DSSC had been successfully fabricated using ZnO:Al thin film and dye from red dragon fruit as a working electrode. ZnO:Al thin films were prepared by a sol-gel spin coating method with variation of post-heating temperatures. The XRD result confirms that all ZnO:Al thin films have a hexagonal structure with crystal sizes of 16 nm to 41 nm. SEM analysis showed the nanoparticles with particle size of 30 nm to 80 nm. The bandgap ranges from 3.16 eV to 3.40 eV. The EIS analysis reveals that charge transfer resistance greatly decreases with the rise of temperature. The efficiency of DSSC gradually improved with increasing the post-heating temperature. ZnO:Al with a post-heating temperature of 600°C had the highest efficiency of 0.398%.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72567099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan-Michael Cayme, Arturo F. Bermejo, Chris Allen Earl T. Francia, A. N. Asor, E. Miranda
Spanish Colonial Period brick samples dating to the 19th century from the Municipalities of Liliw and Pagsanjan in Laguna, Philippines was investigated. These samples were obtained from two church structures, a church bell tower from Liliw and a church convent from Pagsanjan. Combined X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allowed the determination of chemical elements and minerals attributed to clay and sand, such as montmorillonite, quartz, corundum, hematite and calcite. On the basis of these compositions, the possible kilning conditions employed to fire the bricks during manufacture was also proposed. MATLAB™ programme was utilised in this study to interpret the data from XRD and FTIR to rationalise the overlapping peaks in the spectrum. Results show that both brick samples were made of clay material that is non-calcareous with low refractory. The firing was performed in an oxidising atmosphere or an open-air environment at an estimated temperature of between 650°C and 850°C. This preliminary study provides a baseline chemical characterisation data of colonial period bricks in the Philippines which will be useful for future conservation and restoration work not only locally but also within the Southeast Asian region.
{"title":"Spanish Colonial Period Bricks from Churches in Laguna, Philippines: A Preliminary Chemical Characterisation Using X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infrared","authors":"Jan-Michael Cayme, Arturo F. Bermejo, Chris Allen Earl T. Francia, A. N. Asor, E. Miranda","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Colonial Period brick samples dating to the 19th century from the Municipalities of Liliw and Pagsanjan in Laguna, Philippines was investigated. These samples were obtained from two church structures, a church bell tower from Liliw and a church convent from Pagsanjan. Combined X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allowed the determination of chemical elements and minerals attributed to clay and sand, such as montmorillonite, quartz, corundum, hematite and calcite. On the basis of these compositions, the possible kilning conditions employed to fire the bricks during manufacture was also proposed. MATLAB™ programme was utilised in this study to interpret the data from XRD and FTIR to rationalise the overlapping peaks in the spectrum. Results show that both brick samples were made of clay material that is non-calcareous with low refractory. The firing was performed in an oxidising atmosphere or an open-air environment at an estimated temperature of between 650°C and 850°C. This preliminary study provides a baseline chemical characterisation data of colonial period bricks in the Philippines which will be useful for future conservation and restoration work not only locally but also within the Southeast Asian region.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90737758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Segun, B. O. Adewuyi, Daramola Oluyemi Ojo, O. Gideon
High strength application of biopolymers requires good mechanical strength. The tensile properties of polylactic acid (PLA) are relatively low for major industrial applications such as packaging, biomedical and automobile spare parts. In this study, the mechanical strength of polylactic acid was enhanced with nanocarbon isolated from diesel engine combustion soot. The isolated nanocarbon was characterised using spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. After that, the nanocarbon was used as a reinforcement in plasticised PLA to produce a composite. The PLA-nanocarbon composite was produced using the compression moulding technique. The nanocarbon composition was varied between 2 wt% and 8 wt% in the PLA matrix. The tensile, hardness and morphological properties of the composite were analysed with the tensile test, hardness test, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer and FTIR analysis results confirmed the successful isolation of nanocarbon from the diesel engine combustion soot. The tensile and hardness properties of the PLA matrix increased with addition of nanocarbon. The morphological images showed good miscibility between the PLA and the nanocarbon reinforcement, responsible for the increase in mechanical properties. The potential use of the composite for high strength application showed great possibility based on the result obtained.
{"title":"Mechanical and Structural Properties of Nanocarbon Particles Reinforced in Plasticised Polylactic Acid for High Strength Application","authors":"A. Segun, B. O. Adewuyi, Daramola Oluyemi Ojo, O. Gideon","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"High strength application of biopolymers requires good mechanical strength. The tensile properties of polylactic acid (PLA) are relatively low for major industrial applications such as packaging, biomedical and automobile spare parts. In this study, the mechanical strength of polylactic acid was enhanced with nanocarbon isolated from diesel engine combustion soot. The isolated nanocarbon was characterised using spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. After that, the nanocarbon was used as a reinforcement in plasticised PLA to produce a composite. The PLA-nanocarbon composite was produced using the compression moulding technique. The nanocarbon composition was varied between 2 wt% and 8 wt% in the PLA matrix. The tensile, hardness and morphological properties of the composite were analysed with the tensile test, hardness test, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer and FTIR analysis results confirmed the successful isolation of nanocarbon from the diesel engine combustion soot. The tensile and hardness properties of the PLA matrix increased with addition of nanocarbon. The morphological images showed good miscibility between the PLA and the nanocarbon reinforcement, responsible for the increase in mechanical properties. The potential use of the composite for high strength application showed great possibility based on the result obtained.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75148834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Iqbal, U. Saidu, Farook Adam, S. Sreekantan, Normawati Jasni, M. Ahmad
In this study, a detailed investigation on the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) embedment on the physicochemical properties of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) was conducted. The highly porous nanocomposite labelled as ZQT was prepared via the sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the average crystallite size of the ZnO QDs, anatase TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) and ZQT were 4.45 nm, 9.22 nm and 11.38 nm, respectively. Photoluminescent (PL) analysis detected the presence of defects related to TiO2, oxygen vacancies and quantum confinement effect (QCE) of the ZnO QDs in ZQT. These features enhanced the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under 48 watt of fluorescent light irradiation when ZQT (98.0%) was used compared to TiO2NPs (32.4%) and ZnO QDs (68.8%). The photodegradation activity was driven by O2●− followed by ●OH and h+.
{"title":"The Effects of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Quantum Dots (QDs) Embedment on the\u0000Physicochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide\u0000(TiO2) Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Iqbal, U. Saidu, Farook Adam, S. Sreekantan, Normawati Jasni, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a detailed investigation on the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) embedment on the physicochemical properties of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) was conducted. The highly porous nanocomposite labelled as ZQT was prepared via the sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the average crystallite size of the ZnO QDs, anatase TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) and ZQT were 4.45 nm, 9.22 nm and 11.38 nm, respectively. Photoluminescent (PL) analysis detected the presence of defects related to TiO2, oxygen vacancies and quantum confinement effect (QCE) of the ZnO QDs in ZQT. These features enhanced the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under 48 watt of fluorescent light irradiation when ZQT (98.0%) was used compared to TiO2NPs (32.4%) and ZnO QDs (68.8%). The photodegradation activity was driven by O2●− followed by ●OH and h+.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83026148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fika Fauzi, Fayyad Azizi, M. M. Musawwa, W. Dwandaru
Recently, reducing graphene oxide (GO) through microwave irradiation has been extensively explored in order to scale up the mass production of graphene. We report the simple technique to reduce GO by means of microwave irradiation combined with a sonication technique. The microwave-reduced GO (MWrGO) is formed by exposing a microwave onto GO powder in order to reduce the oxygen functional group and then followed by exfoliating via a sonication method. The time exposure of the microwave irradiation was 20 min with the powers of 450 W and 800 W. The UV-visible (UV-vis) spectra showed the evolution of GO into MWrGO indicated by the red shift of the absorption peak from 230 nm to 267 nm and disappearance of the shouldering peak at 300 nm. The reduction of the oxygen functional group has been proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) data demonstrated further confirmation of the reduction of GO and the formation of basal planes of sp2 carbon clusters of the sample due to the treatment. The EDS spectra revealed that the MWrGO by 800-W-irradiation had much less oxygen functional groups and much more carbon content than GO. The proposed synthesis method is simple and readily controlled for a mass production of graphene from GO.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterisations of Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared by Microwave Irradiation with Sonication","authors":"Fika Fauzi, Fayyad Azizi, M. M. Musawwa, W. Dwandaru","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, reducing graphene oxide (GO) through microwave irradiation has been extensively explored in order to scale up the mass production of graphene. We report the simple technique to reduce GO by means of microwave irradiation combined with a sonication technique. The microwave-reduced GO (MWrGO) is formed by exposing a microwave onto GO powder in order to reduce the oxygen functional group and then followed by exfoliating via a sonication method. The time exposure of the microwave irradiation was 20 min with the powers of 450 W and 800 W. The UV-visible (UV-vis) spectra showed the evolution of GO into MWrGO indicated by the red shift of the absorption peak from 230 nm to 267 nm and disappearance of the shouldering peak at 300 nm. The reduction of the oxygen functional group has been proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) data demonstrated further confirmation of the reduction of GO and the formation of basal planes of sp2 carbon clusters of the sample due to the treatment. The EDS spectra revealed that the MWrGO by 800-W-irradiation had much less oxygen functional groups and much more carbon content than GO. The proposed synthesis method is simple and readily controlled for a mass production of graphene from GO.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77982565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pal, D. Maurya, P. Chaudhary, K. Thapa, B. Yadav
Commercially available compound CuInGa (S, Se) can be replaced with emerging quaternary compound Cu2ZnSnS4 (Copper Zinc Tin Sulphur or CZSS) for photovoltaic applications due to the high absorption coefficient and optimum bandgap. Unstable sulphur and the co-existence of binary and ternary phases in CZSS are the main obstacles for a single-phase kesterite quaternary compound. To overcome these issues, the researchers are synthesising the CZSS in presence of sulphur and selenium environment. The sulphurization and selenization are the constraints for the synthesis of CZSS and these processes make it costlier. In the present work, the wet-chemical method (i.e., co-precipitation method) was used to synthesise CZSS without vacuum annealing where the sulphur constituent was controlled by changing the stoichiometric ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis confirm that the synthesised CZSS was in polycrystalline and single-phase kesterite nature. The average crystallite sizes for thiourea 16, 18, 20 mmol were found 15 nm, 17 nm and 17 nm, respectively. Surface morphology of the as-prepared film was identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical bandgap of the film was obtained ~1.33 eV by UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis. The 18 mmol of thiourea with stoichiometric ratio 4:2:2:9 is found the best optimisation for synthesising the CZSS without vacuum annealing by the co-precipitation method. Thus, the thin film of such synthesised CZSS may be employed for the low-cost photovoltaic application.
{"title":"Co-precipitation Synthesis with a Variation of the Sulphur Composition of Kesterite Phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZSS) without Annealing Process","authors":"K. Pal, D. Maurya, P. Chaudhary, K. Thapa, B. Yadav","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available compound CuInGa (S, Se) can be replaced with emerging quaternary compound Cu2ZnSnS4 (Copper Zinc Tin Sulphur or CZSS) for photovoltaic applications due to the high absorption coefficient and optimum bandgap. Unstable sulphur and the co-existence of binary and ternary phases in CZSS are the main obstacles for a single-phase kesterite quaternary compound. To overcome these issues, the researchers are synthesising the CZSS in presence of sulphur and selenium environment. The sulphurization and selenization are the constraints for the synthesis of CZSS and these processes make it costlier. In the present work, the wet-chemical method (i.e., co-precipitation method) was used to synthesise CZSS without vacuum annealing where the sulphur constituent was controlled by changing the stoichiometric ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis confirm that the synthesised CZSS was in polycrystalline and single-phase kesterite nature. The average crystallite sizes for thiourea 16, 18, 20 mmol were found 15 nm, 17 nm and 17 nm, respectively. Surface morphology of the as-prepared film was identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical bandgap of the film was obtained ~1.33 eV by UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis. The 18 mmol of thiourea with stoichiometric ratio 4:2:2:9 is found the best optimisation for synthesising the CZSS without vacuum annealing by the co-precipitation method. Thus, the thin film of such synthesised CZSS may be employed for the low-cost photovoltaic application.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85636463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Joshi, Bal Vikram Khatri, Sumana Gyawali, Shiromani Gajurel, D. K. Chaudhary
This article reports the effects of natural plant proteins on the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) prepared via a precipitation method. Green synthesised ZnONPs have a wide range of uses such as biomedical applications, water purification, optical devices and gas sensors. The non-toxic and economical technique described in this article is favourable for large-scale production too. ZnONPs were produced from a zinc acetate precursor with dye extract of Ixora Coccinea (IC) leaves as a capping agent. The as-prepared ZnONPs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The XRD analysis showed an average crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM analysis revealed a reduction in aggregation of ZnO crystallites due to addition of dye extracts of IC. EDX and UV-vis results confirmed the formation of pure ZnONPs. Finally, the gas sensing properties of ZnO films, prepared by doctor blade method, were used to detect ethanol vapour. The results showed gas response ratios of 28.7 and 5.4 at 800 ppm and 40 ppm exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the response time and recovery time were found to be 24 sec and 47 sec, respectively at 200 ppm exposure of ethanol vapour.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ixora Coccinea Leaf Extract for Ethanol Vapour Sensing","authors":"L. Joshi, Bal Vikram Khatri, Sumana Gyawali, Shiromani Gajurel, D. K. Chaudhary","doi":"10.21315/jps2021.32.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the effects of natural plant proteins on the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) prepared via a precipitation method. Green synthesised ZnONPs have a wide range of uses such as biomedical applications, water purification, optical devices and gas sensors. The non-toxic and economical technique described in this article is favourable for large-scale production too. ZnONPs were produced from a zinc acetate precursor with dye extract of Ixora Coccinea (IC) leaves as a capping agent. The as-prepared ZnONPs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The XRD analysis showed an average crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM analysis revealed a reduction in aggregation of ZnO crystallites due to addition of dye extracts of IC. EDX and UV-vis results confirmed the formation of pure ZnONPs. Finally, the gas sensing properties of ZnO films, prepared by doctor blade method, were used to detect ethanol vapour. The results showed gas response ratios of 28.7 and 5.4 at 800 ppm and 40 ppm exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the response time and recovery time were found to be 24 sec and 47 sec, respectively at 200 ppm exposure of ethanol vapour.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85548122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium oxide (MgO, pure) and zinc added MgO nanoparticles were synthesised by a simple microwave assisted solvothermal method. The concentrations of impurity used in the present work were 0.25 M and 0.50 M. All samples were annealed at 400°C for 1 h to improve the ordering. The prepared pure and zinc added magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PXRD studies of pure and zinc added MgO nanoparticles showed that all samples belong to crystalline nature with cubic structure. The grain size of all samples were determined from the XRD results and it belongs to nano meter scale. The EDS confirmed the presence of zinc, magnesium and oxide elements in the respective prepared samples. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the prepared samples possess nanometer dimensions. The electrical properties such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured at different temperatures in the different frequency range by involving the impedance analyser of all the prepared samples.
{"title":"Structural and electrical studies on zinc added magnesium oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Sumithraj Premkumar P.","doi":"10.21315/jps2020.31.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2020.31.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium oxide (MgO, pure) and zinc added MgO nanoparticles were synthesised by a simple microwave assisted solvothermal method. The concentrations of impurity used in the present work were 0.25 M and 0.50 M. All samples were annealed at 400°C for 1 h to improve the ordering. The prepared pure and zinc added magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PXRD studies of pure and zinc added MgO nanoparticles showed that all samples belong to crystalline nature with cubic structure. The grain size of all samples were determined from the XRD results and it belongs to nano meter scale. The EDS confirmed the presence of zinc, magnesium and oxide elements in the respective prepared samples. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the prepared samples possess nanometer dimensions. The electrical properties such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured at different temperatures in the different frequency range by involving the impedance analyser of all the prepared samples.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77657196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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