Cooperative dynamics in pure cyclohexanol (CYN), xylene and their binary solutions have been studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) in 10 MHz to 30 GHz microwave frequency range. The dynamics in CYN-CYN, CYN-xylene molecules have been explained using concept of cooperative domains (CDs). Deviations in CYN-xylene binary solutions exist due to braking and making of bonds as well as selfassociation among the molecules. Kirkwood correlation factor authenticates CDs with diverse exchanges through hydrogen bonding. Luzar model offers moderately decent qualitative values of εo such that the theoretically calculated values found relatively good in comparison with experimental results.
{"title":"Study of Co-operative Dynamics in Cyclohexanol-Xylene Solutions using Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy","authors":"Sangameshwar Sanjivan Birajdar, Ashok Champatrao Kumbharkhane, Deelip Baliram Suryawanshi","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative dynamics in pure cyclohexanol (CYN), xylene and their binary solutions have been studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) in 10 MHz to 30 GHz microwave frequency range. The dynamics in CYN-CYN, CYN-xylene molecules have been explained using concept of cooperative domains (CDs). Deviations in CYN-xylene binary solutions exist due to braking and making of bonds as well as selfassociation among the molecules. Kirkwood correlation factor authenticates CDs with diverse exchanges through hydrogen bonding. Luzar model offers moderately decent qualitative values of εo such that the theoretically calculated values found relatively good in comparison with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Alif Adnan, Muhd Izzudin Fikry Zainuddin, Abdul Latif Ahmad
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture utilising membrane technology have become the interest of research due to its low carbon footprint, feasible fabrication process and scalability in its operation. In this study, anisotropic polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was fabricated at various concentration ranging from 20 wt% to 35 wt% without the use of any additives. This study revealed that the finger-like structure disappeared with increased polymer dope concentration which was associated with increased viscosity of the dope solution. Moreover, the surface porosity of the membrane also virtually reduced with increased PES concentration as observed with the SEM images. The pure gas permeation test was also consistent with the observed morphology of the membrane. Membrane made with 20 wt% of PES dope solution exhibits the highest gas permeance which was 154.9 GPU at 2 bar while the CO2/nitrogen (N2) and CO2/methane (CH4) ideal selectivity was close to that of Knudsen’s selectivity value. With increased PES concentration, the CO2 gas permeance reduced drastically accompanied by enhancement on the CO2/N2 and CO2/ CH4 ideal selectivity. The critical concentration of PES dope solution obtained by plotting the PES dope concentration against viscosity was 29.4 wt%. With critical concentration of the dope solution, the CO2 permeance was recorded to be 8.1 GPU while the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity were recorded to be 2.13 and 1.48, respectively at the pressure of 2 bar.
{"title":"The Effect of Concentration on PES/NMP System on Flat Sheet Membrane Fabrication and its Performance for CO2 Gas Separation","authors":"Mohamad Alif Adnan, Muhd Izzudin Fikry Zainuddin, Abdul Latif Ahmad","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture utilising membrane technology have become the interest of research due to its low carbon footprint, feasible fabrication process and scalability in its operation. In this study, anisotropic polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was fabricated at various concentration ranging from 20 wt% to 35 wt% without the use of any additives. This study revealed that the finger-like structure disappeared with increased polymer dope concentration which was associated with increased viscosity of the dope solution. Moreover, the surface porosity of the membrane also virtually reduced with increased PES concentration as observed with the SEM images. The pure gas permeation test was also consistent with the observed morphology of the membrane. Membrane made with 20 wt% of PES dope solution exhibits the highest gas permeance which was 154.9 GPU at 2 bar while the CO2/nitrogen (N2) and CO2/methane (CH4) ideal selectivity was close to that of Knudsen’s selectivity value. With increased PES concentration, the CO2 gas permeance reduced drastically accompanied by enhancement on the CO2/N2 and CO2/ CH4 ideal selectivity. The critical concentration of PES dope solution obtained by plotting the PES dope concentration against viscosity was 29.4 wt%. With critical concentration of the dope solution, the CO2 permeance was recorded to be 8.1 GPU while the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity were recorded to be 2.13 and 1.48, respectively at the pressure of 2 bar.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Budi Purnama, Arga Dwi Suwandi, Rudi Hartono, Sahirul Alim Tri Bawono, Utari Utari, Herman Aldila, Adi Rahwanto, Kusumandari Kusumandari
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanopowder was successfully synthesised by the coprecipitation method. For the entire experiment, natural iron sand from the Bengawan Solo River is used as an iron (Fe) cation source. The effect of the annealing temperature of a coprecipitated CoFe2O4 sample from natural iron sand was investigated. The presence of strong metal oxide bond groups at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites is revealed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral results, owing to the CoFe2O4 characteristic. Then the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of a single-phase CoFe2O4 with face centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure closely matched to reference data ICDD221086. The crystalline parameters such as lattice parameter and crystallite size modify with the increase of annealing temperature. The saturation magnetisation (Ms) decreases as the annealing temperature rises. In addition, the coercive fields (Hc) increases as the annealing temperature rises. As a result, the annealing temperature affects the performance of the CoFe2O4 photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of the annealing temperature sample at 300°C was found to be the best.
{"title":"Annealing Temperature Dependence on Magnetic Properties, Crystalline Structure and Photocatalyst Activity of Coprecipitated Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Synthesised from Natural Iron Sand","authors":"Budi Purnama, Arga Dwi Suwandi, Rudi Hartono, Sahirul Alim Tri Bawono, Utari Utari, Herman Aldila, Adi Rahwanto, Kusumandari Kusumandari","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanopowder was successfully synthesised by the coprecipitation method. For the entire experiment, natural iron sand from the Bengawan Solo River is used as an iron (Fe) cation source. The effect of the annealing temperature of a coprecipitated CoFe2O4 sample from natural iron sand was investigated. The presence of strong metal oxide bond groups at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites is revealed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral results, owing to the CoFe2O4 characteristic. Then the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of a single-phase CoFe2O4 with face centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure closely matched to reference data ICDD221086. The crystalline parameters such as lattice parameter and crystallite size modify with the increase of annealing temperature. The saturation magnetisation (Ms) decreases as the annealing temperature rises. In addition, the coercive fields (Hc) increases as the annealing temperature rises. As a result, the annealing temperature affects the performance of the CoFe2O4 photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of the annealing temperature sample at 300°C was found to be the best.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Taha Ali, Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil, Sheng-Chan Wu, Chung-Xian Yang, Hsu-Cheng Hsu, Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan, Ghafour Amouzad Mahdiraji, Fairuz Abdullah
Random lasing from a solid-state gain medium prepared on photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is observed for the first time. Vertically aligned ZnO microrods were prepared on PCF using a simple technique of chemical bath deposition (CBD). A low lasing threshold of 12.2 mJ/cm2 was observed in sample with longer zinc oxide (ZnO) rod length. The variation in morphology and population density did not affect the lasing threshold significantly. Further investigation of the effect of fiber length revealed that a shorter fiber had a lower threshold and showed quenching of the spontaneous emission revealing better lasing output. Simulations based on the morphology of the gain medium revealed light confinement in the structure, validating the origin of the lasing emission. Overall, this study shows the potential of utilising optical fiber as random lasers with a sustainable solid state gain medium.
{"title":"Random Laser Emission from Fiber coated ZnO","authors":"Abdullah Taha Ali, Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil, Sheng-Chan Wu, Chung-Xian Yang, Hsu-Cheng Hsu, Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan, Ghafour Amouzad Mahdiraji, Fairuz Abdullah","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Random lasing from a solid-state gain medium prepared on photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is observed for the first time. Vertically aligned ZnO microrods were prepared on PCF using a simple technique of chemical bath deposition (CBD). A low lasing threshold of 12.2 mJ/cm2 was observed in sample with longer zinc oxide (ZnO) rod length. The variation in morphology and population density did not affect the lasing threshold significantly. Further investigation of the effect of fiber length revealed that a shorter fiber had a lower threshold and showed quenching of the spontaneous emission revealing better lasing output. Simulations based on the morphology of the gain medium revealed light confinement in the structure, validating the origin of the lasing emission. Overall, this study shows the potential of utilising optical fiber as random lasers with a sustainable solid state gain medium.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ari Sulistyo Rini, Rahmi Dewi, Jasril Jasril, Tessa Marshanda, Yolanda Rati, Yan Soerbakti
Photocatalytic is one of the technological developments of renewable materials in overcoming water pollution due to industrial waste treatment. In this study, photocatalytic observations were carried out with a methylene blue (MB) degradation approach using zinc oxide and silver (ZnO/Ag) nanocomposites (NCs) which were enhanced by a new green synthesis in the form of pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) as a bio-stabiliser. The amount of Ag was varied by 5%, 10% and 15%. UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffrection (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy were analysed to study the optical properties, structure, morphology and composition of the samples. The characterisation results show that the absorption peak occurs in the 359 nm to 368 nm region with a band gap energy of 2.96 eV to 3.00 eV. Based on the XRD pattern, a hexagonal wurtzite structure was obtained with a crystal size of 18.37 nm. The particle morphology shows a flower-like shape with an average diameter of 60 nm. The EDX spectrum confirmed the elemental content of Zn, oxygen (O) and Ag. The photocatalytic activity showed that 10% ZnO/Ag was able to optimally degrade MB (10 ppm) with a reaction rate constant of 0.0091 min−1. Therefore, ZnO/Ag NCs were proven to be able to degrade dyes faster than pure ZnO.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterisation of ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites Prepared via Green Method Using Pineapple Peel Extract for Photocatalytic Enhancement in Degrading Methylene Blue Dye Solutions","authors":"Ari Sulistyo Rini, Rahmi Dewi, Jasril Jasril, Tessa Marshanda, Yolanda Rati, Yan Soerbakti","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic is one of the technological developments of renewable materials in overcoming water pollution due to industrial waste treatment. In this study, photocatalytic observations were carried out with a methylene blue (MB) degradation approach using zinc oxide and silver (ZnO/Ag) nanocomposites (NCs) which were enhanced by a new green synthesis in the form of pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) as a bio-stabiliser. The amount of Ag was varied by 5%, 10% and 15%. UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffrection (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy were analysed to study the optical properties, structure, morphology and composition of the samples. The characterisation results show that the absorption peak occurs in the 359 nm to 368 nm region with a band gap energy of 2.96 eV to 3.00 eV. Based on the XRD pattern, a hexagonal wurtzite structure was obtained with a crystal size of 18.37 nm. The particle morphology shows a flower-like shape with an average diameter of 60 nm. The EDX spectrum confirmed the elemental content of Zn, oxygen (O) and Ag. The photocatalytic activity showed that 10% ZnO/Ag was able to optimally degrade MB (10 ppm) with a reaction rate constant of 0.0091 min−1. Therefore, ZnO/Ag NCs were proven to be able to degrade dyes faster than pure ZnO.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Aiman Hakimi Abdul Rahim, Siti Fatimah Samsurrijal, Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor
Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphene using a suitable solvent is safe, although the sonication period needs further exploration, which may affect the exfoliation process. This study investigated graphene exfoliation in chloroform through UV–Vis spectroscopy. Graphite powder at different ratios was soaked in chloroform and sonicated at different sonication times from 30 min to 180 min and then subjected to centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant was collected and analysed using UV–Vis spectroscopy at wavelengths between 220 nm and 800 nm. The UV absorbance intensity showed that the presence of exfoliated graphene peaks is free of interference at 120 min. A comparative study was conducted by using graphene in chloroform as controls and adding bioactive glass (BG) within graphite powder-chloroform emulsions in different concentrations at 120 min. Graphene appearance at the anticipated absorption peak at ~270 nm was observed, and BG addition led to agglomeration, which could provide an idea for a better material formulation strategy in developing films that combined graphene/ BG because of their exceptional properties suitable for diverse potential biomedical application.
{"title":"UV–Vis Spectroscopic Trends of Liquid-exfoliated Graphite/ Graphene Nanoplatelets/Bioactive Glass Mixtures","authors":"Mohd Aiman Hakimi Abdul Rahim, Siti Fatimah Samsurrijal, Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphene using a suitable solvent is safe, although the sonication period needs further exploration, which may affect the exfoliation process. This study investigated graphene exfoliation in chloroform through UV–Vis spectroscopy. Graphite powder at different ratios was soaked in chloroform and sonicated at different sonication times from 30 min to 180 min and then subjected to centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant was collected and analysed using UV–Vis spectroscopy at wavelengths between 220 nm and 800 nm. The UV absorbance intensity showed that the presence of exfoliated graphene peaks is free of interference at 120 min. A comparative study was conducted by using graphene in chloroform as controls and adding bioactive glass (BG) within graphite powder-chloroform emulsions in different concentrations at 120 min. Graphene appearance at the anticipated absorption peak at ~270 nm was observed, and BG addition led to agglomeration, which could provide an idea for a better material formulation strategy in developing films that combined graphene/ BG because of their exceptional properties suitable for diverse potential biomedical application.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electronic and charge transport properties of Metal-Quinolates (Metal = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) compounds are theoretically investigated using AustinFrisch-Petersson functional with dispersion (APFD) corrected density functional theory (DFT). The calculated energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ranges from 3.40 eV for LiQ to 0.93 eV for CsQ. The ionisation potential, electron affinity and chemical hardness of the compounds are calculated. We found that the electron hopping rate, kelectron of CsQ is around 150 times greater than LiQ. We suggest that CsQ is the most efficient charge injecting or transport material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dimer formation is desirable with all M-Quinolate with different electronic structures and (CsQ)2 dimer shows the lowest dimerisation energy.
{"title":"Charge Transport Properties of a Series of Metal Quinolates Utilising Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Theory","authors":"Md. Rakib Hossain, A. Ullah, N. Chawdhury","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic and charge transport properties of Metal-Quinolates (Metal = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) compounds are theoretically investigated using AustinFrisch-Petersson functional with dispersion (APFD) corrected density functional theory (DFT). The calculated energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ranges from 3.40 eV for LiQ to 0.93 eV for CsQ. The ionisation potential, electron affinity and chemical hardness of the compounds are calculated. We found that the electron hopping rate, kelectron of CsQ is around 150 times greater than LiQ. We suggest that CsQ is the most efficient charge injecting or transport material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dimer formation is desirable with all M-Quinolate with different electronic structures and (CsQ)2 dimer shows the lowest dimerisation energy.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Y. Louise, S. Kristianingrum, A. Fillaeli, Atiya Fiki Rahma Mumtazah, Bian Itsna Ashfa Al Ashfiya, W. Dwandaru
We report for the first time a technique in the detection of chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] ions using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer that involves silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with formaldehyde-chitosan as the sensor. Here, chitosan cross-linked with formaldehyde produced an extra stability from the aspect of signal stability of the sensor. This study aimed to synthesise and characterise formaldehydechitosan stabilised AgNPs (formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs) and apply them as Cr(VI) ion sensors. The stability and linearity of the signal of the formaldehyde-chitosan@ AgNPs were compared with the signal of AgNPs according to their ability as Cr(VI) ion sensors based on the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs were synthesised by the chemical reduction method using 1% sodium citrate (10:1). Furthermore, 3.3% chitosan was added, which had been cross-linked with 2.5% formaldehyde in a ratio of 1:1 (v:v). The characterisation results showed that the synthesised materials have a peak absorption at a wavelength of 416 nm and have functional groups of -OH and -C=O as the characteristics of chitosan and formaldehyde. The formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs had square or rectangular structures with a size distribution of less than 1000 nm. The formaldehydechitosan@AgNPs produced a more stable signal and had better linearity than AgNPs at a wavelength of 490 nm. Moreover, formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs had a precision value of 0.15% and a linearity level of 0.9914 in the concentration range of 1 ppm–100 ppm, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantisation (LOQ) values of 0.329 ppm and 0.751 ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Formaldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan as Silver-Nanoparticles Stabiliser For Cr(VI) Ion Sensor Application","authors":"I. S. Y. Louise, S. Kristianingrum, A. Fillaeli, Atiya Fiki Rahma Mumtazah, Bian Itsna Ashfa Al Ashfiya, W. Dwandaru","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"We report for the first time a technique in the detection of chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] ions using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer that involves silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with formaldehyde-chitosan as the sensor. Here, chitosan cross-linked with formaldehyde produced an extra stability from the aspect of signal stability of the sensor. This study aimed to synthesise and characterise formaldehydechitosan stabilised AgNPs (formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs) and apply them as Cr(VI) ion sensors. The stability and linearity of the signal of the formaldehyde-chitosan@ AgNPs were compared with the signal of AgNPs according to their ability as Cr(VI) ion sensors based on the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs were synthesised by the chemical reduction method using 1% sodium citrate (10:1). Furthermore, 3.3% chitosan was added, which had been cross-linked with 2.5% formaldehyde in a ratio of 1:1 (v:v). The characterisation results showed that the synthesised materials have a peak absorption at a wavelength of 416 nm and have functional groups of -OH and -C=O as the characteristics of chitosan and formaldehyde. The formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs had square or rectangular structures with a size distribution of less than 1000 nm. The formaldehydechitosan@AgNPs produced a more stable signal and had better linearity than AgNPs at a wavelength of 490 nm. Moreover, formaldehyde-chitosan@AgNPs had a precision value of 0.15% and a linearity level of 0.9914 in the concentration range of 1 ppm–100 ppm, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantisation (LOQ) values of 0.329 ppm and 0.751 ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Doppler effect (DE) has a wide application in many areas of science and technology. Radiofrequency technologies that use this effect are based on the classical DE theory. We know that since 1905, we have the relativistic theory of DE. Recently, a new DE theory based on relative velocity between wavefronts and wave source/observer has been proposed. In this paper, we will examine the condition for the vanishing of DE, that is, no frequency shift irrespective of the relative motion between the wave and the wave source/observer. Examination will be done to the three theories of DE.
{"title":"Condition for Zero Doppler Effect in Classical Theory, Special Relativity and New Approach","authors":"Shukri Klinaku","doi":"10.21315/jps2023.34.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2023.34.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Doppler effect (DE) has a wide application in many areas of science and technology. Radiofrequency technologies that use this effect are based on the classical DE theory. We know that since 1905, we have the relativistic theory of DE. Recently, a new DE theory based on relative velocity between wavefronts and wave source/observer has been proposed. In this paper, we will examine the condition for the vanishing of DE, that is, no frequency shift irrespective of the relative motion between the wave and the wave source/observer. Examination will be done to the three theories of DE.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"2018 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77440880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this communication, author is presenting ultrasonic and thermophysical properties of potassium fluoride (KF) and potassium chloride (KCl) by van der Waals three body force shell model with the help of second and third order elastic constants at 100 K–300 K. The elastic constants have been calculated by using Coulomb and Born– Mayer potential with the help of two parameters-distance of nearest neighbour and hardness parameter. We evaluated ultrasonic properties such as elastic constants, wave velocities, Debye temperature- average velocity, conductivity, and ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction along in different direction [100], [110], and [111] orientations. The achieved results are hold good and are given very important information of these crystal for further investigation.
{"title":"Ultrasonic and Thermophysical Properties of Potassium Halides Crystals","authors":"Umesh Chandra Srivastava, Shyamendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.21315/aos2023.34.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/aos2023.34.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, author is presenting ultrasonic and thermophysical properties of potassium fluoride (KF) and potassium chloride (KCl) by van der Waals three body force shell model with the help of second and third order elastic constants at 100 K–300 K. The elastic constants have been calculated by using Coulomb and Born– Mayer potential with the help of two parameters-distance of nearest neighbour and hardness parameter. We evaluated ultrasonic properties such as elastic constants, wave velocities, Debye temperature- average velocity, conductivity, and ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction along in different direction [100], [110], and [111] orientations. The achieved results are hold good and are given very important information of these crystal for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":16757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136046064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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