Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113385
Fahimeh Alizadeh, Alireza Khodavandi
Treating biofilm-associated infections is considerably more challenging in the presence of polymicrobial communities comprising bacterial and fungal species. This underscores the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory efficacy of carvacrol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CAR@BSANPs) against single- and mixed-species biofilms of Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both alone and in combination with visible light. We assessed antimicrobial photodynamic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in planktonic cells and biofilms. Then, we validated the results in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. We performed survival analysis, measured haemocyte density, examined immune gene expression, and determined microbial burden. CAR@BSANPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and ROS-generating activities, particularly under visible light exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of HWP1, LASR, and PELA, as well as upregulation of TUP1. In vivo, the combined treatment significantly improved larval survival, increased haemocyte density, upregulated gallerimycin and cecropin, and decreased microbial load. Overall, these findings suggest that CAR@BSANPs combined with visible light are an effective nanotherapeutic approach for overcoming biofilm-associated resistance in single- and mixed-species infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of synergistic effects of carvacrol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles and visible light on mixed biofilms of Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Fahimeh Alizadeh, Alireza Khodavandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating biofilm-associated infections is considerably more challenging in the presence of polymicrobial communities comprising bacterial and fungal species. This underscores the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory efficacy of carvacrol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CAR@BSANPs) against single- and mixed-species biofilms of Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both alone and in combination with visible light. We assessed antimicrobial photodynamic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in planktonic cells and biofilms. Then, we validated the results in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. We performed survival analysis, measured haemocyte density, examined immune gene expression, and determined microbial burden. CAR@BSANPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and ROS-generating activities, particularly under visible light exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of HWP1, LASR, and PELA, as well as upregulation of TUP1. In vivo, the combined treatment significantly improved larval survival, increased haemocyte density, upregulated gallerimycin and cecropin, and decreased microbial load. Overall, these findings suggest that CAR@BSANPs combined with visible light are an effective nanotherapeutic approach for overcoming biofilm-associated resistance in single- and mixed-species infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"113385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113376
Benjamín Zúñiga, Paula S Rivero-Jerez, Sofia Pérez-Del Pino, Francisco Bravo-Cabezas, Francisco Mura, Pablo Barrias, Claudio Acuña-Castillo, Mario A Faúndez, Alexis Aspeé, Daniel Zúñiga-Núñez, Denis Fuentealba
Peptide-based photosensitizers (PSs) have emerged as a powerful strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional PSs in photodynamic therapy (PDT), including poor water solubility, low selectivity, and limited phototoxic efficiency. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a novel cinnamoyl-coumarin-RGD peptide conjugate (PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD), designed to combine tumor-targeting capabilities, improved aqueous solubility, and photodynamic activity modulation by cucurbit[8]uril (CB [8]) complexation. Circular dichroism analysis showed a stable beta-sheet conformation and high-temperature stability for the conjugate. The photophysical behavior of PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD was evaluated in various solvents, revealing solvent-dependent excited-state dynamics, including the formation of internal charge transfer (ICT) and twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) excited states. Supramolecular complexation with CB[8] resulted in a 1:1 inclusion complex, confirmed by mass spectrometry and Job´s plot; the fluorescence titration showed a high binding constant of (5.0 ± 0.2) × 106 M-1 and stability under acidic conditions. Notably, PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD binding to CB[8] modulated fluorescence lifetime without significantly altering singlet oxygen generation. In vitro phototoxicity assays in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line demonstrated that the supramolecular assembly significantly enhanced phototoxicity in tumor cells. These findings support the potential of integrating supramolecular approaches with peptide conjugation to photosensitizers as a promising pathway toward the design of novel phototherapeutic agents.
{"title":"Modulation of the photodynamic activity of a cinnamoyl-coumarin-RGD peptide conjugate via cucurbit[8]uril supramolecular assembly.","authors":"Benjamín Zúñiga, Paula S Rivero-Jerez, Sofia Pérez-Del Pino, Francisco Bravo-Cabezas, Francisco Mura, Pablo Barrias, Claudio Acuña-Castillo, Mario A Faúndez, Alexis Aspeé, Daniel Zúñiga-Núñez, Denis Fuentealba","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide-based photosensitizers (PSs) have emerged as a powerful strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional PSs in photodynamic therapy (PDT), including poor water solubility, low selectivity, and limited phototoxic efficiency. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a novel cinnamoyl-coumarin-RGD peptide conjugate (PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD), designed to combine tumor-targeting capabilities, improved aqueous solubility, and photodynamic activity modulation by cucurbit[8]uril (CB [8]) complexation. Circular dichroism analysis showed a stable beta-sheet conformation and high-temperature stability for the conjugate. The photophysical behavior of PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD was evaluated in various solvents, revealing solvent-dependent excited-state dynamics, including the formation of internal charge transfer (ICT) and twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) excited states. Supramolecular complexation with CB[8] resulted in a 1:1 inclusion complex, confirmed by mass spectrometry and Job´s plot; the fluorescence titration showed a high binding constant of (5.0 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> and stability under acidic conditions. Notably, PS-GG(KG)₃G-RGD binding to CB[8] modulated fluorescence lifetime without significantly altering singlet oxygen generation. In vitro phototoxicity assays in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line demonstrated that the supramolecular assembly significantly enhanced phototoxicity in tumor cells. These findings support the potential of integrating supramolecular approaches with peptide conjugation to photosensitizers as a promising pathway toward the design of novel phototherapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"113376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113377
Chenqi Guo , Wenwen Zhang , Mingxi Li , Chunjing Song , Xiujun Zhang , Peng Wang , Yan Wang
Overexposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which accelerates collagen degradation and skin aging. Current strategies for managing photodamage mainly focus on sun protection and skin repair; however, comprehensive therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Herbal medicine-derived materials have shown great promise in combating photodamage. Modified Qing'e Formula (MQEF) has demonstrated the ability to treat photodamage by restoring redox homeostasis and is considered an effective anti-photodamage herbal remedy. However, the traditional oral decoction limits its application in topical treatments. In this study, we synthesized novel multifunctional carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using MQEF as a precursor (MQEF-CQDs). These CQDs exhibit superior antioxidant capacity compared to traditional herbal extracts and show no significant toxicity to HaCaT cells, indicating good biocompatibility and potential for skin drug delivery. Furthermore, MQEF-CQDs were incorporated into a thermosensitive hydrogel to form a MQEF-CQDs-hydrogel (MQEF-CQDs-gel) dressing, which is better suited for external use. This hydrogel displays temperature, pH, and rheological properties that align with the skin's physiological environment, along with dual functions of antimicrobial and restorative actions. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that MQEF-CQDs and MQEF-CQDs-gel mitigate UVB-induced photodamage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and collagen degradation-inhibition pathways. Additionally, MQEF-CQDs-gel significantly reduces skin damage, promotes the reconstruction of the epidermal structure, and restores damaged collagen fibers. These findings indicate that MQEF-CQDs represent a promising pathway for the green and sustainable production of herbal-based medicines, with broad industrial applications and as a potent candidate for photodamage treatment.
{"title":"Herbal medicine-derived carbon quantum dots in thermosensitive hydrogel: A multifunctional therapeutic strategy for UVB-induced photodamage","authors":"Chenqi Guo , Wenwen Zhang , Mingxi Li , Chunjing Song , Xiujun Zhang , Peng Wang , Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overexposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which accelerates collagen degradation and skin aging. Current strategies for managing photodamage mainly focus on sun protection and skin repair; however, comprehensive therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Herbal medicine-derived materials have shown great promise in combating photodamage. Modified Qing'e Formula (MQEF) has demonstrated the ability to treat photodamage by restoring redox homeostasis and is considered an effective anti-photodamage herbal remedy. However, the traditional oral decoction limits its application in topical treatments. In this study, we synthesized novel multifunctional carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using MQEF as a precursor (MQEF-CQDs). These CQDs exhibit superior antioxidant capacity compared to traditional herbal extracts and show no significant toxicity to HaCaT cells, indicating good biocompatibility and potential for skin drug delivery. Furthermore, MQEF-CQDs were incorporated into a thermosensitive hydrogel to form a MQEF-CQDs-hydrogel (MQEF-CQDs-gel) dressing, which is better suited for external use. This hydrogel displays temperature, pH, and rheological properties that align with the skin's physiological environment, along with dual functions of antimicrobial and restorative actions. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that MQEF-CQDs and MQEF-CQDs-gel mitigate UVB-induced photodamage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and collagen degradation-inhibition pathways. Additionally, MQEF-CQDs-gel significantly reduces skin damage, promotes the reconstruction of the epidermal structure, and restores damaged collagen fibers. These findings indicate that MQEF-CQDs represent a promising pathway for the green and sustainable production of herbal-based medicines, with broad industrial applications and as a potent candidate for photodamage treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113373
Luiz G.P. Soares , Ana Flávia A. Sérgio , Anna Paula L.T. da Silva , Iago P.F. Nunes , Fernando Antônio L. Habib , Antônio Luiz B. Pinheiro
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Er:YAG laser in controlling supragingival biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In this randomized, single-session, pre-post intervention study, the sample consisted of 18 individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins Center for Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, FOUFBA. The Er:YAG laser (λ2940 nm, 0.8 W, 20 Hz, ED = 0.16 J/cm2, t = 30s) was applied to the cervical region of the right mandibular lateral incisor, at an average distance of 10 mm from the tooth surface. The collections occurred before the intervention (Control Group) and after irradiation with Er:YAG (Laser Group). The samples were inoculated in Petri dishes for visual counting of colony-forming units (CFU). After tabulation and logarithmic transformation of the data obtained, the ANOVA test (General Linear Model) was applied to verify the existence of a significant difference between the groups. Results showed that the logarithmic means of the Control and Laser Groups' CFU count were 5.08 ± 0.71 and 3.04 ± 0.88, respectively. The group comparison showed a significant decrease (ANOVA, F = 58.43; p < 0.001), with a 99% reduction in CFU. In conclusion, Er:YAG laser microablation quickly reduces biofilm in orthodontic patients, offering a promising adjunct to conventional hygiene.
本研究的目的是评估Er:YAG激光控制固定正畸矫治器患者龈上生物膜的效果。在这项随机、单次、干预前后的研究中，样本包括18名在joses教授Édimo Soares Martins正畸和面部矫形中心（FOUFBA）接受正畸治疗的个体。Er:YAG激光（λ2940 nm, 0.8 W, 20 Hz, ED = 0.16 J/cm2, t = 30s）照射右下颌侧切牙颈区，平均距离牙面10 mm。收集发生在干预前（对照组）和Er:YAG照射后（激光组）。将样品接种于培养皿中目视计数菌落形成单位（CFU）。对所得数据进行制表和对数变换后，采用ANOVA检验（一般线性模型）验证组间是否存在显著性差异。结果：对照组和激光组CFU计数的对数平均值分别为5.08±0.71和3.04±0.88。组间比较显示显著降低（方差分析，F = 58.43; p < 0.001）， CFU降低99%。总之，Er:YAG激光微消融快速减少正畸患者的生物膜，为传统卫生提供了一种有前途的辅助手段。
{"title":"Er:YAG (λ2940nm) microablation of supragingival biofilm in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances","authors":"Luiz G.P. Soares , Ana Flávia A. Sérgio , Anna Paula L.T. da Silva , Iago P.F. Nunes , Fernando Antônio L. Habib , Antônio Luiz B. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Er:YAG laser in controlling supragingival biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In this randomized, single-session, pre-post intervention study, the sample consisted of 18 individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins Center for Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, FOUFBA. The Er:YAG laser (λ2940 nm, 0.8 W, 20 Hz, ED = 0.16 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, <em>t</em> = 30s) was applied to the cervical region of the right mandibular lateral incisor, at an average distance of 10 mm from the tooth surface. The collections occurred before the intervention (Control Group) and after irradiation with Er:YAG (Laser Group). The samples were inoculated in Petri dishes for visual counting of colony-forming units (CFU). After tabulation and logarithmic transformation of the data obtained, the ANOVA test (General Linear Model) was applied to verify the existence of a significant difference between the groups. Results showed that the logarithmic means of the Control and Laser Groups' CFU count were 5.08 ± 0.71 and 3.04 ± 0.88, respectively. The group comparison showed a significant decrease (ANOVA, F = 58.43; <em>p</em> < 0.001), with a 99% reduction in CFU. In conclusion, Er:YAG laser microablation quickly reduces biofilm in orthodontic patients, offering a promising adjunct to conventional hygiene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green light has a high proportion and plays a crucial yet poorly understood role in plant compared to other light spectra. This study investigated the effects of green light on soybean morphogenesis using physiological, transcriptomic, and cytological analyses, discovering that green light alone is sufficient to sustain the complete soybean life cycle. Under green light, soybeans synthesized chlorophyll and carotenoids, developed expanded cotyledons, and exhibited shortened hypocotyls. Anatomical changes included horizontal hypocotyl growth, uniform palisade tissue distribution, and reduced spongy mesophyll. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 876 upregulated and 283 downregulated, implicating green light in signal transduction, photosynthesis, chloroplast function, hormone signaling, and metabolism. Key genes such as GmELIP1a/b, GmPsbS, GmPSY, GmAHA11, and GmUDPG were induced, while auxin-related genes (GmIAA13, GmARF8, GmAUX1) were suppressed, corroborating reduced auxin levels in apical tissues. These findings demonstrate that green light acts as both an energy source and a developmental signal, advancing our understanding of its role in photomorphogenesis and providing insights for future research on green light-responsive genes.
{"title":"Green light alone sustains the complete soybean life cycle.","authors":"Zhen Li, Zichen Guo, Gengxue Wu, Jianqiu Guo, Bingjun Jiang, Yanlei Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green light has a high proportion and plays a crucial yet poorly understood role in plant compared to other light spectra. This study investigated the effects of green light on soybean morphogenesis using physiological, transcriptomic, and cytological analyses, discovering that green light alone is sufficient to sustain the complete soybean life cycle. Under green light, soybeans synthesized chlorophyll and carotenoids, developed expanded cotyledons, and exhibited shortened hypocotyls. Anatomical changes included horizontal hypocotyl growth, uniform palisade tissue distribution, and reduced spongy mesophyll. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 876 upregulated and 283 downregulated, implicating green light in signal transduction, photosynthesis, chloroplast function, hormone signaling, and metabolism. Key genes such as GmELIP1a/b, GmPsbS, GmPSY, GmAHA11, and GmUDPG were induced, while auxin-related genes (GmIAA13, GmARF8, GmAUX1) were suppressed, corroborating reduced auxin levels in apical tissues. These findings demonstrate that green light acts as both an energy source and a developmental signal, advancing our understanding of its role in photomorphogenesis and providing insights for future research on green light-responsive genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"113370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113374
Xi Wang , Jian Liu , Yi Dai , Xitao Luo , Junyan Luo , Yihui Wu , Guangxu Wang , Ling Zhong , Bin Xia , Zhiwen Zou
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a well-known pest that causes significant economic losses worldwide. Light is a crucial external factor affecting the growth and development of insects. LED lights are commonly used in manufacturing and daily life because they are environmentally friendly and emit light across multiple wavelengths. However, few studies have examined the effects of different wavelength lights on the growth and reproduction of S. frugiperda, and even fewer have explored the underlying mechanisms. To find new strategies for integrated pest management amid the growing challenge of pesticide resistance, this study investigated the effects of 520 nm (green) and 570 nm (yellow) LED light on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of S. frugiperda. Since vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is a key reproductive protein in insects, the full-length SfVgR gene was cloned, its spatial and temporal expression was analyzed, and RNAi-mediated knockdown was performed to explore the mechanisms under different light treatments. The results showed that exposure to either 520 nm (green) or 570 nm (yellow) LED light reduced developmental periods, increased sex ratios, and reduced pupation and emergence rates of S. frugiperda. Additionally, 520 nm (green) light notably suppressed the expression of both SfVg and SfVgR mRNA, which impeded ovarian development and significantly decreased fecundity. Moreover, silencing SfVgR led to abnormal oocyte development and markedly lowered fertility. These findings suggest that using 520 nm (green) light at night or RNAi targeting SfVgR could serve as novel approaches for the integrated management of S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Effects of LED light on fecundity of the Spodoptera frugiperda via the regulation of VgR","authors":"Xi Wang , Jian Liu , Yi Dai , Xitao Luo , Junyan Luo , Yihui Wu , Guangxu Wang , Ling Zhong , Bin Xia , Zhiwen Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>) is a well-known pest that causes significant economic losses worldwide. Light is a crucial external factor affecting the growth and development of insects. LED lights are commonly used in manufacturing and daily life because they are environmentally friendly and emit light across multiple wavelengths. However, few studies have examined the effects of different wavelength lights on the growth and reproduction of <em>S. frugiperda,</em> and even fewer have explored the underlying mechanisms. To find new strategies for integrated pest management amid the growing challenge of pesticide resistance, this study investigated the effects of 520 nm (green) and 570 nm (yellow) LED light on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of <em>S. frugiperda.</em> Since vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is a key reproductive protein in insects, the full-length <em>SfVgR</em> gene was cloned, its spatial and temporal expression was analyzed, and RNAi-mediated knockdown was performed to explore the mechanisms under different light treatments. The results showed that exposure to either 520 nm (green) or 570 nm (yellow) LED light reduced developmental periods, increased sex ratios, and reduced pupation and emergence rates of <em>S. frugiperda</em>. Additionally, 520 nm (green) light notably suppressed the expression of both <em>SfVg</em> and <em>SfVgR mRNA,</em> which impeded ovarian development and significantly decreased fecundity. Moreover, silencing <em>SfVgR</em> led to abnormal oocyte development and markedly lowered fertility. These findings suggest that using 520 nm (green) light at night or RNAi targeting <em>SfVgR</em> could serve as novel approaches for the integrated management of <em>S. frugiperda</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113369
Szabolcs Bozsányi , Rhea Carmel Glen Rodrigues , Ruby Acquah , Erin C. Tracy , Sean P. Murphy , Jocelyn Tracy , Li Yan , Mehdi Boostani , Hamid-Reza Rezvani , Wendy J. Huss , Gyorgy Paragh
In human skin, erythema assessed 24 h after ultraviolet (UV) exposure is a non-invasive method for determining the acute UV response. Although erythema is often reported in murine models as a measure of acute UV response, the most informative timepoint after UV exposure is unclear because of variability in mouse strain, sex, and light source. Our current work addresses this critical gap by elucidating the development of erythema and edema over time after acute UV irradiation with solar-simulator UV (SSUV) or UVB light in female or male SKH1 mice. Cutaneous erythema was assessed with ImageJ on digital photographs, and edema was assessed using optically guided high-frequency ultrasound (OG-HFUS) to measure skin thickness and a visual edema scale up to 72 h after UV exposure. Erythema was observed between 4 and 10 h in both female and male mice at most doses of SSUV or UVB irradiation. Erythema induced by irradiation doses of 200, 300, 400 mJ/cm2 peaked earlier at the 4–6 h timepoint with SSUV irradiation compared to the same doses of UVB that peaked at the 6–8 h timepoint. At 24 h, edema-induced blanching of the skin masked the erythema, resulting in the highest-dose area having a lower erythema index than non-irradiated areas. Edema was dose-dependent (with SSUV exposure) and peaked between 24 and 48 h using both the OG-HFUS and visual edema scale. Erythema measurement at 4–8 h after UV is optimal for assessing the acute UV response in the SKH1 mouse model at lower irradiation doses. Whereas edema measured at 24–48 h after UV exposure is a sex-neutral and reliable universal measure of acute UV response in SKH1 mouse skin at high UV irradiation doses.
{"title":"Acute UV response of early erythema and late edema in SKH1 mice","authors":"Szabolcs Bozsányi , Rhea Carmel Glen Rodrigues , Ruby Acquah , Erin C. Tracy , Sean P. Murphy , Jocelyn Tracy , Li Yan , Mehdi Boostani , Hamid-Reza Rezvani , Wendy J. Huss , Gyorgy Paragh","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In human skin, erythema assessed 24 h after ultraviolet (UV) exposure is a non-invasive method for determining the acute UV response. Although erythema is often reported in murine models as a measure of acute UV response, the most informative timepoint after UV exposure is unclear because of variability in mouse strain, sex, and light source. Our current work addresses this critical gap by elucidating the development of erythema and edema over time after acute UV irradiation with solar-simulator UV (SSUV) or UVB light in female or male SKH1 mice. Cutaneous erythema was assessed with ImageJ on digital photographs, and edema was assessed using optically guided high-frequency ultrasound (OG-HFUS) to measure skin thickness and a visual edema scale up to 72 h after UV exposure. Erythema was observed between 4 and 10 h in both female and male mice at most doses of SSUV or UVB irradiation. Erythema induced by irradiation doses of 200, 300, 400 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> peaked earlier at the 4–6 h timepoint with SSUV irradiation compared to the same doses of UVB that peaked at the 6–8 h timepoint. At 24 h, edema-induced blanching of the skin masked the erythema, resulting in the highest-dose area having a lower erythema index than non-irradiated areas. Edema was dose-dependent (with SSUV exposure) and peaked between 24 and 48 h using both the OG-HFUS and visual edema scale. Erythema measurement at 4–8 h after UV is optimal for assessing the acute UV response in the SKH1 mouse model at lower irradiation doses. Whereas edema measured at 24–48 h after UV exposure is a sex-neutral and reliable universal measure of acute UV response in SKH1 mouse skin at high UV irradiation doses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 113369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113367
Hong Sun , Wenbo Xu , Maolin Huang , Jieyu Huang , Wenju Yang , Qianqian Zhang , Lijuan Zhao , Dawei Wang , Zhenlong Wang
Photoperiod changes serve as critical environmental signals for seasonally reproducing animals, with their decoding dependent on the precise functioning of endogenous circadian clocks. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of diurnal transcripts and metabolites profiles in the testes of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) under long photoperiod (LP) and short photoperiod (SP), to elucidate the role of circadian rhythms within peripheral testicular tissue in regulating reproduction. Phenotypic results demonstrated that LP promoted testicular development, whereas SP suppressed it. Then we observed relatively weaker transcriptional and metabolic rhythmicity in the testes under both photoperiods. The function of diurnal rhythmic genes was mainly related to homeostasis, developmental, reproductive behavior, motility and sperm flagellum assembly pathways, suggesting that diurnal clocks act as photoperiodic timekeeper for reproductive timing. In contrast, testosterone biosynthesis and key energy metabolism pathways essential for spermatogenesis were largely governed by non-rhythmic genes expression patterns. Together, these findings underscore the non-uniform pervasiveness of diurnal rhythmicity in testis, where reproductive initiation driven by the diurnal clock, while subsequent spermatogenic processes progressively deviate from 24 h rhythmicity.
{"title":"Photoperiod alters the diurnal rhythm pattern of testicular transcription and metabolism in Brandt's voles","authors":"Hong Sun , Wenbo Xu , Maolin Huang , Jieyu Huang , Wenju Yang , Qianqian Zhang , Lijuan Zhao , Dawei Wang , Zhenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiod changes serve as critical environmental signals for seasonally reproducing animals, with their decoding dependent on the precise functioning of endogenous circadian clocks. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of diurnal transcripts and metabolites profiles in the testes of Brandt's voles (<em>Lasiopodomys brandtii</em>) under long photoperiod (LP) and short photoperiod (SP), to elucidate the role of circadian rhythms within peripheral testicular tissue in regulating reproduction. Phenotypic results demonstrated that LP promoted testicular development, whereas SP suppressed it. Then we observed relatively weaker transcriptional and metabolic rhythmicity in the testes under both photoperiods. The function of diurnal rhythmic genes was mainly related to homeostasis, developmental, reproductive behavior, motility and sperm flagellum assembly pathways, suggesting that diurnal clocks act as photoperiodic timekeeper for reproductive timing. In contrast, testosterone biosynthesis and key energy metabolism pathways essential for spermatogenesis were largely governed by non-rhythmic genes expression patterns. Together, these findings underscore the non-uniform pervasiveness of diurnal rhythmicity in testis, where reproductive initiation driven by the diurnal clock, while subsequent spermatogenic processes progressively deviate from 24 h rhythmicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 113367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113368
Andrey V. Belashov , Anna A. Zhikhoreva , Zhenlong Huang , Fangrui Lin , Irina V. Semenova , Oleg S. Vasyutinskii , Junle Qu
The paper presents time-resolved fluorescence analysis of methylene blue (MB) in solutions and in living cells in vitro. The analysis of MB fluorescence lifetime in solutions of different pH, viscosity and polarity revealed its independence on acidity and viscosity and linear rise with decreasing polarity. Moreover, MB binding to albumin and DNA did not affect its fluorescence lifetime. The obtained dependence of MB fluorescence lifetime on the Lippert-Mataga polarity parameter enabled analysis of polarity distributions in living cells. Fluorescence-lifetime images of MB fluorescence in cancerous HeLa and pseudo-normal bEnd.3 cells provided clear double-exponential signals, which were suggested to be due to diversity of polarity in different cell compartments. The longer fluorescence lifetime and its contribution were shown to differ in cells of different lines, that allowed us to suggest that polarity of low-polar structures and their amount differ in cells of these lines. In cells of both lines the fluorescence lifetimes in nuclei were shorter than those in cytoplasm. The combined analysis of fluorescence lifetimes and phasor plot coordinates allowed for segmentation of the intracellular area to regions of different polarity corresponding to nuclei and cytoplasm with the accuracy of about 90%, and to reveal differences in cells of the two lines.
{"title":"Time-resolved fluorescence imaging of methylene blue reveals heterogeneous polarity in living cells","authors":"Andrey V. Belashov , Anna A. Zhikhoreva , Zhenlong Huang , Fangrui Lin , Irina V. Semenova , Oleg S. Vasyutinskii , Junle Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents time-resolved fluorescence analysis of methylene blue (MB) in solutions and in living cells in vitro. The analysis of MB fluorescence lifetime in solutions of different pH, viscosity and polarity revealed its independence on acidity and viscosity and linear rise with decreasing polarity. Moreover, MB binding to albumin and DNA did not affect its fluorescence lifetime. The obtained dependence of MB fluorescence lifetime on the Lippert-Mataga polarity parameter enabled analysis of polarity distributions in living cells. Fluorescence-lifetime images of MB fluorescence in cancerous HeLa and pseudo-normal bEnd.3 cells provided clear double-exponential signals, which were suggested to be due to diversity of polarity in different cell compartments. The longer fluorescence lifetime and its contribution were shown to differ in cells of different lines, that allowed us to suggest that polarity of low-polar structures and their amount differ in cells of these lines. In cells of both lines the fluorescence lifetimes in nuclei were shorter than those in cytoplasm. The combined analysis of fluorescence lifetimes and phasor plot coordinates allowed for segmentation of the intracellular area to regions of different polarity corresponding to nuclei and cytoplasm with the accuracy of about 90%, and to reveal differences in cells of the two lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 113368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113366
Tanglin Liu , Biao Guo , Liying Tong , Hao Li , Caibing Wang , Kai Zang , Ruili Zhao , Xinyi Zhao , Chenglong Ye , Xiyun Ye , Yongyan Dang
Pearls have skin whitening and antioxidant properties, but their effects on skin barrier are less understood. This study investigated the reparative effects of saccharomyces/pearl ferment lysate filtrate (PFL) on UVB-induced skin barrier damage. In HaCaT cells, PFL restored proteins related to epidermal differentiation, tight junctions, and moisture retention, all reduced by UVB exposure, and lowered the expression of inflammatory factors. Similarly, in a UVB-induced skin damage mouse model, PFL significantly alleviated skin peeling, erythema, TWEL and epidermal thickening, while also suppressing UVB-induced skin inflammation. Mechanistically, PFL promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulated antioxidant proteins NQO1 and HO-1, hereby decreasing ROS accumulation. It also inhibited the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in response to UVB-induced oxidative stress, likely due to the activation of Nrf2. These findings indicate that PFL may repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the JNK/MAPK pathway, offering potential as a therapeutic agent for skin barrier repair.
珍珠具有美白和抗氧化的特性，但它们对皮肤屏障的作用却鲜为人知。本研究探讨了酵母/珍珠发酵裂解液滤液（PFL）对uvb诱导皮肤屏障损伤的修复作用。在HaCaT细胞中，PFL恢复了与表皮分化、紧密连接和水分保持相关的蛋白质，这些蛋白质都因UVB暴露而减少，并降低了炎症因子的表达。同样，在uvb诱导的皮肤损伤小鼠模型中，PFL显著减轻了皮肤脱皮、红斑、TWEL和表皮增厚，同时也抑制了uvb诱导的皮肤炎症。机制上，PFL促进Nrf2核易位，上调抗氧化蛋白NQO1和HO-1，从而减少ROS积累。在uvb诱导的氧化应激反应中，它还抑制了c-Jun n -末端激酶（JNK）通路的激活，可能是由于Nrf2的激活。这些发现表明，PFL可能通过激活Nrf2/HO-1途径和抑制JNK/MAPK途径修复uvb诱导的皮肤屏障损伤，具有作为皮肤屏障修复治疗剂的潜力。
{"title":"Saccharomyces/pearl ferment lysate filtrate repairs UVB-induced skin barrier damage by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK/MAPK signaling pathways","authors":"Tanglin Liu , Biao Guo , Liying Tong , Hao Li , Caibing Wang , Kai Zang , Ruili Zhao , Xinyi Zhao , Chenglong Ye , Xiyun Ye , Yongyan Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pearls have skin whitening and antioxidant properties, but their effects on skin barrier are less understood. This study investigated the reparative effects of saccharomyces/pearl ferment lysate filtrate (PFL) on UVB-induced skin barrier damage. In HaCaT cells, PFL restored proteins related to epidermal differentiation, tight junctions, and moisture retention, all reduced by UVB exposure, and lowered the expression of inflammatory factors. Similarly, in a UVB-induced skin damage mouse model, PFL significantly alleviated skin peeling, erythema, TWEL and epidermal thickening, while also suppressing UVB-induced skin inflammation. Mechanistically, PFL promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulated antioxidant proteins NQO1 and HO-1, hereby decreasing ROS accumulation. It also inhibited the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in response to UVB-induced oxidative stress, likely due to the activation of Nrf2. These findings indicate that PFL may repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the JNK/MAPK pathway, offering potential as a therapeutic agent for skin barrier repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 113366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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