Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301
Jing-Yi Li , Ya-Tong Liu , Zhi-Bo Jiang, Si-Yi Yao, Fan-Qi Shen, Yu-Yang Wang, Yue-Li Zou, Li-Xia Zhao
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important biomarkers for metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and they have significant research value in revealing the pathological mechanisms of these diseases. In this study, we designed three fluorescent probes based on triphenylamine, namely DM-1, DM-2, and DM-3, for the targeted detection of lipid droplets and the identification of NAFLD. DM1–3 exhibits a unique response to small polar environments and has high sensitivity, high selectivity, large Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, a wide pH range (2–8), and rapid recognition. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of probe DM-1 at 576 nm (expressed in logarithmic form) has a good linear relationship with PBS/Diox (80–96 %) (R2 = 0.9888). Therefore, probe DM-1 was selected as the object for further study. The results of cell experiments indicated that the probe DM-1 could target lipid droplets within cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments successfully achieved the imaging of LDs in the liver of NAFLD mouse models at different stages. Together, these results demonstrated the potential of probe DM-1 as a polar-sensitive fluorescent tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.
{"title":"Triphenylamine-based fluorescent probes for lipid droplet detection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease identification","authors":"Jing-Yi Li , Ya-Tong Liu , Zhi-Bo Jiang, Si-Yi Yao, Fan-Qi Shen, Yu-Yang Wang, Yue-Li Zou, Li-Xia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid droplets (LDs) are important biomarkers for metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and they have significant research value in revealing the pathological mechanisms of these diseases. In this study, we designed three fluorescent probes based on triphenylamine, namely <strong>DM-1</strong>, <strong>DM-2</strong>, and <strong>DM-3</strong>, for the targeted detection of lipid droplets and the identification of NAFLD. <strong>DM1–3</strong> exhibits a unique response to small polar environments and has high sensitivity, high selectivity, large Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, a wide pH range (2–8), and rapid recognition. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of probe <strong>DM-1</strong> at 576 nm (expressed in logarithmic form) has a good linear relationship with PBS/Diox (80–96 %) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9888). Therefore, probe <strong>DM-1</strong> was selected as the object for further study. The results of cell experiments indicated that the probe <strong>DM-1</strong> could target lipid droplets within cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments successfully achieved the imaging of LDs in the liver of NAFLD mouse models at different stages. Together, these results demonstrated the potential of probe <strong>DM-1</strong> as a polar-sensitive fluorescent tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300
Ruth Lalpekhlui, Lalsiamkima Hnamler, Amit Kumar Trivedi
Photoperiod is a primary cue for most birds to initiate reproductive activities. How light influences the reproduction-linked processes in white-rumped munia is largely unknown. A series of experiments were performed on male birds. In experiment one, birds were exposed to either short (SD; 8 L: 16D) or long day length (LD; 15 L:9D) for one day and sampled at 19 h after light onset. In experiment two, birds were exposed to either SD (8 L: 16D), or equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D), or to LD (15 L:9D). In experiment 3, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod of 10 lx, 50 lx, or 100 lx. In experiment four, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod (0.5 W/m2 of light irradiance) of red (RL; 650 nm) or blue light (BL; 450 nm). Experiment 2 to 4 ran for 30 days. For experiment five, birds were procured at four different times of the year, i.e., March, June, September, and December. Body mass and testicular volume size were observed in all experiments. In experiment 2 to 5 sampling was done during the middle of the light phase. Hypothalamic tissue was used for transcription studies of reproductive and epigenetic markers. In experiment 1, higher expressions of Tshβ, Dio2, Eya3, Tet2, and Hat1 while lower expression of Dnmt1 was observed in LD group. In experiment 2, higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Eya3, and Tet2 while lower expression of of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1, and Dnmt3b was observed in both 12 L:12D and 15 L:9D LD groups. In experiment 3, higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Tet2, and Hat1 while lower expression of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, and Dnmt3b was revealed in 50 and 100 lx groups. Experiment 4 resulted in higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, and Tet2 while lower expression of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b in blue light group. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all hypothalamic transcripts studied. Higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Eya3, Tet2, and Hat1 was revealed in September while Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b were higher at other time of the year. The results from experiment 1 to 4 suggest that all three components of light i.e., duration, illuminance and spectral composition of light affects reproductive responses. While in nature season controls reproductive responses. Change in epigenetic transcripts suggest that and these responses are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.
{"title":"Light-induced reproductive responses in white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata)","authors":"Ruth Lalpekhlui, Lalsiamkima Hnamler, Amit Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiod is a primary cue for most birds to initiate reproductive activities. How light influences the reproduction-linked processes in white-rumped munia is largely unknown. A series of experiments were performed on male birds. In experiment one, birds were exposed to either short (SD; 8 L: 16D) or long day length (LD; 15 L:9D) for one day and sampled at 19 h after light onset. In experiment two, birds were exposed to either SD (8 L: 16D), or equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D), or to LD (15 L:9D). In experiment 3, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod of 10 lx, 50 lx, or 100 lx. In experiment four, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod (0.5 W/m<sup>2</sup> of light irradiance) of red (RL; 650 nm) or blue light (BL; 450 nm). Experiment 2 to 4 ran for 30 days. For experiment five, birds were procured at four different times of the year, i.e., March, June, September, and December. Body mass and testicular volume size were observed in all experiments. In experiment 2 to 5 sampling was done during the middle of the light phase. Hypothalamic tissue was used for transcription studies of reproductive and epigenetic markers. In experiment 1, higher expressions of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> while lower expression of <em>Dnmt1</em> was observed in LD group. In experiment 2, higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, and <em>Tet2</em> while lower expression of of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1,</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> was observed in both 12 L:12D and 15 L:9D LD groups. In experiment 3, higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> while lower expression of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, and <em>Dnmt3b</em> was revealed in 50 and 100 lx groups. Experiment 4 resulted in higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, and <em>Tet2</em> while lower expression of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> in blue light group. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all hypothalamic transcripts studied. Higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> was revealed in September while <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> were higher at other time of the year. The results from experiment 1 to 4 suggest that all three components of light i.e., duration, illuminance and spectral composition of light affects reproductive responses. While in nature season controls reproductive responses. Change in epigenetic transcripts suggest that and these responses are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291
Fahad Alkhudhairy
AIM
Evaluating the effect of different disinfection protocols, i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-Indocyanine green (ICG), photodynamic therapy (PDT)-ICG, and ICG-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) on the resin tag length (RTL) and the shear bond strength (SBS) bonded to caries-affected dentin (CAD) using two step etch and rinse resin adhesive.
Materials and methods
The present study utilized fifty-six extracted human molars with carious lesions extending up to halfway between the pulp chamber and the enamel-dentin junction, corresponding to ICDAS criteria 5. All the samples were allocated into four groups based on the disinfection regimen (n = 14). Group 1: CHX, Group 2: ICG-PDT, Group 3: ICG-SDT, and Group 4: ICG-loaded CHNPs. A traditional two-step etch and rinse adhesive was used, followed by composite buildup. All specimens underwent thermocycling to replicate the aging effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization of chitosan nanoparticles and ICG-loaded CHNPs, followed by measurement of RTL (n = 4). Failure mode assessment and SBS analysis were performed using a stereomicroscope and universal testing machine(n = 10). ANOVA2 and post hoc Tukey test were conducted to statistically compare the RTL and SBS outcomes among various investigated groups, p ˂0.05.
Results
Group 3 (ICG-SDT) samples presented the maximum length of resin tags (121.82 ± 5.23 μm) and the highest bond strength (9.43 ± 0.23 MPa). Whereas the minimum resin tag length was detected in Group 2 (ICG-PDT) (59.21 ± 2.11 μm), along with the lowest bond strength (6.41 ± 0.92 MPa). Comparative analysis between Group 1 (CHX) and Group 2 indicated that no significant difference in their resin tag length and SBS (p˃0.05). Similarly, intergroup analysis between Group 3 and Group 4 also demonstrated comparable bond strength and resin tags (p˃0.05).
Conclusion
Sonodynamic therapy with indocyanine green and indocyanine green-infused chitosan nanoparticles is an effective method for disinfecting caries-affected dentin, as it has shown appropriate resin tag length and bond strength.
{"title":"Sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy, activated indocyanine green, and indocyanine green-loaded chitosan nanoparticle on resin tag length and shear bond strength to caries-affected dentin using two-step etch and rinse resin adhesive","authors":"Fahad Alkhudhairy","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>AIM</h3><div>Evaluating the effect of different disinfection protocols, i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-Indocyanine green (ICG), photodynamic therapy (PDT)-ICG, and ICG-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) on the resin tag length (RTL) and the shear bond strength (SBS) bonded to caries-affected dentin (CAD) using two step etch and rinse resin adhesive.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The present study utilized fifty-six extracted human molars with carious lesions extending up to halfway between the pulp chamber and the enamel-dentin junction, corresponding to ICDAS criteria 5. All the samples were allocated into four groups based on the disinfection regimen (<em>n</em> = 14). Group 1: CHX, Group 2: ICG-PDT, Group 3: ICG-SDT, and Group 4: ICG-loaded CHNPs. A traditional two-step etch and rinse adhesive was used, followed by composite buildup. All specimens underwent thermocycling to replicate the aging effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization of chitosan nanoparticles and ICG-loaded CHNPs, followed by measurement of RTL (<em>n</em> = 4). Failure mode assessment and SBS analysis were performed using a stereomicroscope and universal testing machine(<em>n</em> = 10). ANOVA2 and post hoc Tukey test were conducted to statistically compare the RTL and SBS outcomes among various investigated groups, <em>p</em> ˂0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group 3 (ICG-SDT) samples presented the maximum length of resin tags (<em>121.82 ± 5.23</em> μ<em>m)</em> and the highest bond strength (<em>9.43 ± 0.23 MPa)</em>. Whereas the minimum resin tag length was detected in Group 2 (ICG-PDT) (<em>59.21 ± 2.11</em> μ<em>m), along with the lowest bond strength</em> (<em>6.41 ± 0.92 MPa).</em> Comparative analysis between Group 1 (CHX) and Group 2 indicated that <em>no significant difference in their resin tag length and SBS</em> (p˃0.05). Similarly, intergroup analysis between Group 3 and Group 4 also demonstrated comparable bond strength and resin tags (p˃0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sonodynamic therapy with indocyanine green and indocyanine green-infused chitosan nanoparticles is an effective method for disinfecting caries-affected dentin, as it has shown appropriate resin tag length and bond strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite its efficiency, real-time capability, and low cost, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has limited classification accuracy in breast carcinoma diagnosis, restricting its clinical application. To address this, we evaluated three steady-state autofluorescence analysis approaches: spectral ratio, piecewise linear fitting, and univariate cubic polynomial fitting. To make the analysis more systematic and objective, a sliding-window mechanism and statistical difference analysis were introduced. Based on these results, a novel composite-feature strategy was proposed through arithmetic combination of slope values across multiple spectral segments, enabling distributed spectral information to be effectively integrated and enhancing classification stability. Under the current sample size, piecewise linear fitting demonstrated superior performance by extracting multiple slope features, one of which achieved 100 % classification. However, ambiguous boundaries limited unimodal generalizability for larger datasets. We then combined the optimal unimodal method—piecewise linear fitting—with time-resolved fluorescence lifetime data for bimodal analysis. This fusion markedly enhanced class separability over unimodal approaches. Furthermore, decision boundaries from support vector machines (SVM) were sharper than those from linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These findings highlight the diagnostic value of spectral slope features and emphasize the enhanced classification performance achieved by combining steady-state with time-resolved data. The proposed method is label-free, low-cost, time-efficient, and shows strong potential for intelligent diagnostics by reducing reliance on subjective interpretation. The observed differences likely arise from structural protein changes (collagen, elastin), altered protein-bound NAD(P)H ratios, elevated FAD, and porphyrin accumulation, reflecting tumor-related metabolic and microstructural changes.
{"title":"Unimodal and bimodal classification methods for breast carcinomas based on laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"Dedong Guo , Zewei Ouyang , Baichuan Long , Guanwei Zeng , Zhuocheng Chen , Maoliang Chen , Junlang Chen , Xing Zhang , Jianfeng Yan , Pusheng Zhang , Zhifeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its efficiency, real-time capability, and low cost, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has limited classification accuracy in breast carcinoma diagnosis, restricting its clinical application. To address this, we evaluated three steady-state autofluorescence analysis approaches: spectral ratio, piecewise linear fitting, and univariate cubic polynomial fitting. To make the analysis more systematic and objective, a sliding-window mechanism and statistical difference analysis were introduced. Based on these results, a novel composite-feature strategy was proposed through arithmetic combination of slope values across multiple spectral segments, enabling distributed spectral information to be effectively integrated and enhancing classification stability. Under the current sample size, piecewise linear fitting demonstrated superior performance by extracting multiple slope features, one of which achieved 100 % classification. However, ambiguous boundaries limited unimodal generalizability for larger datasets. We then combined the optimal unimodal method—piecewise linear fitting—with time-resolved fluorescence lifetime data for bimodal analysis. This fusion markedly enhanced class separability over unimodal approaches. Furthermore, decision boundaries from support vector machines (SVM) were sharper than those from linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These findings highlight the diagnostic value of spectral slope features and emphasize the enhanced classification performance achieved by combining steady-state with time-resolved data. The proposed method is label-free, low-cost, time-efficient, and shows strong potential for intelligent diagnostics by reducing reliance on subjective interpretation. The observed differences likely arise from structural protein changes (collagen, elastin), altered protein-bound NAD(<em>P</em>)H ratios, elevated FAD, and porphyrin accumulation, reflecting tumor-related metabolic and microstructural changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113288
Tara Fardoust , Isabell Blassnig , Paul C. Fuchs , Jennifer L. Schiefer , Christian Opländer
Wound infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are a common cause of death due to subsequent sepsis in immunosuppressed burn patients. Blue light at 455 nm exhibits antibacterial properties against PA and may offer a therapeutic option for treating such infections. However, low intensities require longer treatment durations, while high intensities cause temperature-related challenges. We therefore investigated the antibacterial efficacy of discontinuous blue light treatment (DBLT) at high intensity.
DBLT cycles (up to 8) comprised 3 min of irradiation (300 mW/cm2) followed by a 2, 4, or 8 min pause to deliver the same doses (up to 432 J/cm2) as continuous blue light treatment (CLBT). In suspension assays, DBLT with 4-min pauses was most effective, achieving complete bacterial eradication after 5 cycles, whereas CLBT at the same dose (270 J/cm2) resulted in only a 1-log-level reduction. In a wound contamination model, DBLT (8 cycles, 4-min pauses) reduced bacterial load by 5 log levels, whereas CLBT only reduced it by 1–2 log levels.
Flow cytometry and the redox-sensitive probe DCFH-DA assessed blue light-induced oxidative stress in PA. DBLT caused more oxidative stress (2-fold) than CLBT. This suggests that pauses in irradiation enhance the production of reactive species, which may accumulate and affect bacterial vitality.
In conclusion, incorporating defined pause intervals into blue light therapy enhances antibacterial effectiveness, reduces heat development, and may improve clinical outcomes for bacterial infections in burn patients.
{"title":"Improvement of the antimicrobial efficacy of high-intensity blue light against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by discontinuous irradiation","authors":"Tara Fardoust , Isabell Blassnig , Paul C. Fuchs , Jennifer L. Schiefer , Christian Opländer","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound infections caused by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (PA) are a common cause of death due to subsequent sepsis in immunosuppressed burn patients. Blue light at 455 nm exhibits antibacterial properties against PA and may offer a therapeutic option for treating such infections. However, low intensities require longer treatment durations, while high intensities cause temperature-related challenges. We therefore investigated the antibacterial efficacy of discontinuous blue light treatment (DBLT) at high intensity.</div><div>DBLT cycles (up to 8) comprised 3 min of irradiation (300 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) followed by a 2, 4, or 8 min pause to deliver the same doses (up to 432 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) as continuous blue light treatment (CLBT). In suspension assays, DBLT with 4-min pauses was most effective, achieving complete bacterial eradication after 5 cycles, whereas CLBT at the same dose (270 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) resulted in only a 1-log-level reduction. In a wound contamination model, DBLT (8 cycles, 4-min pauses) reduced bacterial load by 5 log levels, whereas CLBT only reduced it by 1–2 log levels.</div><div>Flow cytometry and the redox-sensitive probe DCFH-DA assessed blue light-induced oxidative stress in PA. DBLT caused more oxidative stress (2-fold) than CLBT. This suggests that pauses in irradiation enhance the production of reactive species, which may accumulate and affect bacterial vitality.</div><div>In conclusion, incorporating defined pause intervals into blue light therapy enhances antibacterial effectiveness, reduces heat development, and may improve clinical outcomes for bacterial infections in burn patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113290
Shiow-Yi Chen, Kian-Keat Kwek, Zui Harng Lee, Hsiu-Mei Lin
This study investigated the innovative potential of multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a novel drug carrier for cancer therapy. Dual-targeting was achieved by conjugating folic acid (FA) and glucose, enabling selective binding to folate receptors and glucose transporters on cancer cells. Europium (Eu3+) and gadolinium (Gd3+), were doped onto the MSN to provide fluorescence and MRI dual-mode imaging, while camptothecin (CPT) was attached via disulfide bonds for glutathione (GSH)-responsive release. Characterization confirmed the mesoporous structure and successful functionalization. In vitro assays showed that MSN-EuGd-CPT-Glu-FA exhibited good biocompatibility, maintaining over 80 % viability in normal L929 cells at 200 μg/mL, while significantly enhancing cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells, where viability decreased to ∼40 % and the IC₅₀ value dropped from 118.66 μg/mL for free CPT to 8.31 μg/mL. In vivo studies further validated the dual-mode imaging capability in mice using IVIS and MRI. These results demonstrate that the designed MSN system integrates targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive drug release, and diagnostic imaging, offering a promising multifunctional nanoplatform with the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles with dual targeting and dual-mode imaging for cancer therapy","authors":"Shiow-Yi Chen, Kian-Keat Kwek, Zui Harng Lee, Hsiu-Mei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the innovative potential of multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a novel drug carrier for cancer therapy. Dual-targeting was achieved by conjugating folic acid (FA) and glucose, enabling selective binding to folate receptors and glucose transporters on cancer cells. Europium (Eu<sup>3+</sup>) and gadolinium (Gd<sup>3+</sup>), were doped onto the MSN to provide fluorescence and MRI dual-mode imaging, while camptothecin (CPT) was attached <em>via</em> disulfide bonds for glutathione (GSH)-responsive release. Characterization confirmed the mesoporous structure and successful functionalization. <em>In vitro</em> assays showed that MSN-EuGd-CPT-Glu-FA exhibited good biocompatibility, maintaining over 80 % viability in normal L929 cells at 200 μg/mL, while significantly enhancing cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells, where viability decreased to ∼40 % and the IC₅₀ value dropped from 118.66 μg/mL for free CPT to 8.31 μg/mL. <em>In vivo</em> studies further validated the dual-mode imaging capability in mice using IVIS and MRI. These results demonstrate that the designed MSN system integrates targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive drug release, and diagnostic imaging, offering a promising multifunctional nanoplatform with the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113292
Larissa Ferreira de Oliveira , Alanis Boer dos Reis , Ana Paula Rizzo Bueno , Tiffany Suzawa , Maria Julia Schiavon Gonçalves , Anibal Salinas Junior , Ana Carolina Vieira de Oliveira , Paulo Cesar Souza Pereira , Wilker Caetano , Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas , Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano Ramos-Milaré , Daniele Stefanie Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose , Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
Hypericin (HYP) is a naturally occurring naphthodianthrone that has been extensively studied, particularly in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), for its therapeutic properties. Encapsulation of HYP with Pluronic® F-127 nanoparticles enhances its bioavailability. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and a global health problem, with varying clinical forms caused by Leishmania parasites. Current treatments are limited by high toxicity and relapse, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutics. We investigated the activity of free HYP and that encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 (HYPF127) in association with PDT against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. These compounds demonstrated high anti-Leishmania activity when associated with PDT, with IC50 values for promastigote forms of 18 ± 3 μM for HYP and 16 ± 5 μM for HYPF127. Moderate activity against amastigotes was observed at lower concentrations, and prominent macrophage cytotoxicity was detected in the compounds following irradiation, with CC50 of 0.6 ± 0.2 μM for HYPF127 and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM for HYP in murine macrophages. Phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and DNA fragmentation were observed in promastigotes treated with PDT, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. These results are slightly superior to those obtained for HYPF127. In silico evaluation demonstrated the affinity of HYP for trypanothione reductase (TR), suggesting a possible target and mechanism of action through redox homeostasis inhibition in Leishmania. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated photoactivated HYP exhibited promising antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis, with F-127 enhancing its potential. Therefore, TR inhibition may be involved in the mechanism of action.
{"title":"Photoactivity of Pluronic® F-127 nanoencapsulated hypericin against Leishmania: A promising approach for cutaneous leishmaniasis","authors":"Larissa Ferreira de Oliveira , Alanis Boer dos Reis , Ana Paula Rizzo Bueno , Tiffany Suzawa , Maria Julia Schiavon Gonçalves , Anibal Salinas Junior , Ana Carolina Vieira de Oliveira , Paulo Cesar Souza Pereira , Wilker Caetano , Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas , Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano Ramos-Milaré , Daniele Stefanie Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose , Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypericin (HYP) is a naturally occurring naphthodianthrone that has been extensively studied, particularly in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), for its therapeutic properties. Encapsulation of HYP with Pluronic® F-127 nanoparticles enhances its bioavailability. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and a global health problem, with varying clinical forms caused by <em>Leishmania</em> parasites. Current treatments are limited by high toxicity and relapse, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutics. We investigated the activity of free HYP and that encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 (HYPF127) in association with PDT against <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.</em> These compounds demonstrated high anti-<em>Leishmania</em> activity when associated with PDT, with IC<sub>50</sub> values for promastigote forms of 18 ± 3 μM for HYP and 16 ± 5 μM for HYPF127. Moderate activity against amastigotes was observed at lower concentrations, and prominent macrophage cytotoxicity was detected in the compounds following irradiation, with CC<sub>50</sub> of 0.6 ± 0.2 μM for HYPF127 and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM for HYP in murine macrophages. Phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and DNA fragmentation were observed in promastigotes treated with PDT, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. These results are slightly superior to those obtained for HYPF127. <em>In silico</em> evaluation demonstrated the affinity of HYP for trypanothione reductase (TR), suggesting a possible target and mechanism of action through redox homeostasis inhibition in <em>Leishmania</em>. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated photoactivated HYP exhibited promising antileishmanial activity against <em>L</em>. <em>amazonensis</em>, with F-127 enhancing its potential. Therefore, TR inhibition may be involved in the mechanism of action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113289
Giuliam Kátia Strücker, Madson Silveira de Melo, Evelise Maria Nazari
The incidence of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on Earth's surface has been increasing, impacting marine, coastal, and freshwater organisms. Although these organisms may possess molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms to mitigate the effects of UVB radiation, the embryos and larvae of many species lack fully developed protective strategies. In this context, Macrobrachium olfersii is a decapod essential to the energy cycling of aquatic environments. M. olfersii inhabits shallow and clear coastal waters and is, therefore, susceptible to UVB exposure. This study aimed to investigate the complex effects of UVB radiation on M. olfersii larvae by comparing their responses at two stages of exposure—embryonic and post-hatching—across various levels of cellular, morphological, and behavioral damage. Specifically, we examined whether UVB-induced damage in embryos persists into larval development (first set) and whether irradiated larvae exhibit responses to UVB similar to those observed in irradiated embryos (second set). In the first set of experiments, the parameters of larval body length, eye index, and proteins associated with mitophagy were affected. In the second set, these parameters were impacted, along with more pronounced DNA damage, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, both experimental sets decreased larval migration toward illuminated fields, while cell transparency decreased only in the second set. The results reveal carryover effects of UVB radiation on M. olfersii development, with early exposure prompting adaptation and later exposure causing physiological and functional impairments, potentially reducing predator evasion, survival, and reproductive success.
{"title":"Multifaceted impacts of UVB radiation on morphology, cellular dynamics, and behavior in Macrobrachium olfersii larvae","authors":"Giuliam Kátia Strücker, Madson Silveira de Melo, Evelise Maria Nazari","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on Earth's surface has been increasing, impacting marine, coastal, and freshwater organisms. Although these organisms may possess molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms to mitigate the effects of UVB radiation, the embryos and larvae of many species lack fully developed protective strategies. In this context, <em>Macrobrachium olfersii</em> is a decapod essential to the energy cycling of aquatic environments. <em>M. olfersii</em> inhabits shallow and clear coastal waters and is, therefore, susceptible to UVB exposure. This study aimed to investigate the complex effects of UVB radiation on <em>M. olfersii</em> larvae by comparing their responses at two stages of exposure—embryonic and post-hatching—across various levels of cellular, morphological, and behavioral damage. Specifically, we examined whether UVB-induced damage in embryos persists into larval development (first set) and whether irradiated larvae exhibit responses to UVB similar to those observed in irradiated embryos (second set). In the first set of experiments, the parameters of larval body length, eye index, and proteins associated with mitophagy were affected. In the second set, these parameters were impacted, along with more pronounced DNA damage, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, both experimental sets decreased larval migration toward illuminated fields, while cell transparency decreased only in the second set. The results reveal carryover effects of UVB radiation on <em>M. olfersii</em> development, with early exposure prompting adaptation and later exposure causing physiological and functional impairments, potentially reducing predator evasion, survival, and reproductive success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino acids are fundamental biomolecules that constitute the building blocks of proteins. Monitoring their dysregulation and fluctuations serves as an important indicator of human health. The aim of this study is to explore the role of exogenous amino acids metabolism in colon cancer development. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were employed to investigate biochemical changes in normal human colon cells (CCD-18Co) and cancerous colon cells (Caco-2), both untreated and supplemented with leucine, threonine, and arginine. Spectroscopic data were analyzed using chemometric methods, specifically Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometric approach, identified unique Raman biomarkers – 1088/1262, 1444/1660, 1580/1004, and 1630/1444 - that correspond to changes in nucleic acids, lipids/lipids+Amide I, proteins, and lipids, respectively, in both normal and cancer cells supplemented with amino acids. These findings underscore the significant potential of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging as powerful tools for investigating the role of exogenous amino acids in colon cancer progression. We have also shown that the S₁-state lifetime of tetra-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine remains unaffected by amino acid supplementation, as confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, supporting its stability as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Mimicking exogenous amino acids: Raman-based and machine learning tracking of Colon cancer cells metabolism","authors":"Monika Kopeć, Karolina Beton-Mysur, Arkadiusz Jarota, Beata Brożek-Płuska","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amino acids are fundamental biomolecules that constitute the building blocks of proteins. Monitoring their dysregulation and fluctuations serves as an important indicator of human health. The aim of this study is to explore the role of exogenous amino acids metabolism in colon cancer development. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were employed to investigate biochemical changes in normal human colon cells (CCD-18Co) and cancerous colon cells (Caco-2), both untreated and supplemented with leucine, threonine, and arginine. Spectroscopic data were analyzed using chemometric methods, specifically Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometric approach, identified unique Raman biomarkers – 1088/1262, 1444/1660, 1580/1004, and 1630/1444 - that correspond to changes in nucleic acids, lipids/lipids+Amide <em>I</em>, proteins, and lipids, respectively, in both normal and cancer cells supplemented with amino acids. These findings underscore the significant potential of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging as powerful tools for investigating the role of exogenous amino acids in colon cancer progression. We have also shown that the S₁-state lifetime of tetra-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine remains unaffected by amino acid supplementation, as confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, supporting its stability as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113287
Paula Rodrigues , Halima Khelifa , Tatiana B. Schreiner , Noureddine Halla , Maria Filomena F. Barreiro , Pedro J.L. Crugeira
The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials has driven research into optimizing bacterial cellulose (BC) production using innovative strategies. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the enhancement of BC biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter intermedius, combining LED photobiomodulation with a natural olive pomace-based medium (20 % MOP) and their impact on the properties of the produced BC. Hestrin-Schram medium was used as the control. LED irradiation (630 nm) was applied at 14 J/cm2 (control LED; 20 % MOP LED) in static culture for 7 days at 28 °C. The MOP medium and LED emission demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in a significant production increase of 385.97 % compared to the control. The BC membranes synthesized in the 20 % MOP and LED irradiation exhibited improved thermal stability, stress capacity (247.06 %), and strain at break (33.96 %) compared to the control. The production-to-quality ratio, the valorization of the by-product, and the use of the energy-efficient emitter are key factors for the scalability and viability of the bioprocess and its industrial application.
{"title":"LED light emission and olive pomace-rich culture medium in potentiating bacterial cellulose synthesis and improving biopolymer properties","authors":"Paula Rodrigues , Halima Khelifa , Tatiana B. Schreiner , Noureddine Halla , Maria Filomena F. Barreiro , Pedro J.L. Crugeira","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials has driven research into optimizing bacterial cellulose (BC) production using innovative strategies. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the enhancement of BC biosynthesis by <em>Komagataeibacter intermedius</em>, combining LED photobiomodulation with a natural olive pomace-based medium (20 % MOP) and their impact on the properties of the produced BC. Hestrin-Schram medium was used as the control. LED irradiation (630 nm) was applied at 14 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (control LED; 20 % MOP LED) in static culture for 7 days at 28 °C. The MOP medium and LED emission demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in a significant production increase of 385.97 % compared to the control. The BC membranes synthesized in the 20 % MOP and LED irradiation exhibited improved thermal stability, stress capacity (247.06 %), and strain at break (33.96 %) compared to the control. The production-to-quality ratio, the valorization of the by-product, and the use of the energy-efficient emitter are key factors for the scalability and viability of the bioprocess and its industrial application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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