Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113307
Guangming Tang , Yi Zhang , Zhong-Ji Qian
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, a primary cause of skin photoaging, triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and apoptosis in keratinocytes. New marine-derived benzaldehyde compound B-1 (Asperterrol), isolated from the coral-associated fungus Aspergillus terreus C23–3, has been demonstrated to have multifaceted protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging in HaCaT keratinocytes. This study revealed that B-1 restores cell viability at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 μM and significantly reduces ROS overproduction, particularly at 10 μM, comparable to untreated controls. Mechanistically, B-1 activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) expression, as evidenced by molecular docking showing stable hydrogen bonding with nuclear factor (Nrf2) residues (Val606 and Ile559). Concurrently, B-1 suppressed ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-triggered inflammation via dose-dependent inhibition of inhibitor of NF-kB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and NF-κB/MAPK signaling, reducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β levels. Notably, B-1 upregulated skin barrier proteins Filaggrin and Involucrin, thereby counteracting UVB-induced barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, B-1 further mitigated apoptosis by normalizing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and suppressing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation while enhancing early-stage cell migration. These findings underscore the potential of B-1 as a promising multitarget agent against UVB-driven skin damage, bridging marine fungal resources to dermatological innovation.
{"title":"New Asperterol from the coral associated fungus Aspergillus terreus, which protects against UVB induced damage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier repair mechanisms","authors":"Guangming Tang , Yi Zhang , Zhong-Ji Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, a primary cause of skin photoaging, triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and apoptosis in keratinocytes. New marine-derived benzaldehyde compound <strong>B-1</strong> (Asperterrol), isolated from the coral-associated fungus <em>Aspergillus terreus</em> C23–3, has been demonstrated to have multifaceted protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging in HaCaT keratinocytes. This study revealed that <strong>B-1</strong> restores cell viability at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 μM and significantly reduces ROS overproduction, particularly at 10 μM, comparable to untreated controls. Mechanistically, <strong>B-1</strong> activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) expression, as evidenced by molecular docking showing stable hydrogen bonding with nuclear factor (Nrf2) residues (Val606 and Ile559). Concurrently, <strong>B-1</strong> suppressed ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-triggered inflammation via dose-dependent inhibition of inhibitor of NF-kB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and NF-κB/MAPK signaling, reducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β levels. Notably, <strong>B-1</strong> upregulated skin barrier proteins Filaggrin and Involucrin, thereby counteracting UVB-induced barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, <strong>B-1</strong> further mitigated apoptosis by normalizing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and suppressing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation while enhancing early-stage cell migration. These findings underscore the potential of <strong>B-1</strong> as a promising multitarget agent against UVB-driven skin damage, bridging marine fungal resources to dermatological innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113306
Sofia Oliveira , Francisca Monteiro , Susana O. Catarino , Betina B. Hinckel , Ioannis Sotiropoulos , Ana Leal , Filipe S. Silva , Óscar Carvalho
This work focuses on the development and validation of a multi-modal stimulation device for in vitro cell culture systems. The device was designed to stimulate cells or tissues placed on 12-well culture plates. It is connected to customized software that controls the parameters of photobiomodulation (PBM) and ultrasound stimulation (US) through light-emitting diodes and piezoelectric disks, respectively. A wide range of stimulation protocols can be explored by modulating central frequency or wavelength, power density, and duration. Four different cell lines were used to validate the safety and functionality of the device. Human osteoblasts, chondrocytes, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and mouse-derived neuronal cells were cultured and stimulated daily with ultrasound (1.0 MHz, 100 mW/cm2, 5 min), light (810 nm, 7.5 mW/cm2, 5 min) and combined stimuli. After three days, metabolic activity and proliferation were assessed. Different cell types demonstrated distinct biological responses to the stimuli, as osteoblasts and chondrocytes showed increased metabolic activity after combined stimulation or PBM, while the metabolic activity of human fibroblasts or neuronal-like cells was unchanged after three days. This highlights the importance of a rigorous optimization of stimulation protocols according to the target tissue. The safety of the device and its sterilization conditions were demonstrated as there was no cell death or contamination during in vitro stimulation. This work features a feasible, safe, and effective multi-modal stimulation device that can provide a wide range of stimulation protocols to better understand their effect on cells or tissues.
{"title":"Development and validation of a multi-modal customized device to stimulate in vitro cell culture systems","authors":"Sofia Oliveira , Francisca Monteiro , Susana O. Catarino , Betina B. Hinckel , Ioannis Sotiropoulos , Ana Leal , Filipe S. Silva , Óscar Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work focuses on the development and validation of a multi-modal stimulation device for <em>in vitro</em> cell culture systems. The device was designed to stimulate cells or tissues placed on 12-well culture plates. It is connected to customized software that controls the parameters of photobiomodulation (PBM) and ultrasound stimulation (US) through light-emitting diodes and piezoelectric disks, respectively. A wide range of stimulation protocols can be explored by modulating central frequency or wavelength, power density, and duration. Four different cell lines were used to validate the safety and functionality of the device. Human osteoblasts, chondrocytes, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and mouse-derived neuronal cells were cultured and stimulated daily with ultrasound (1.0 MHz, 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, 5 min), light (810 nm, 7.5 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, 5 min) and combined stimuli. After three days, metabolic activity and proliferation were assessed. Different cell types demonstrated distinct biological responses to the stimuli, as osteoblasts and chondrocytes showed increased metabolic activity after combined stimulation or PBM, while the metabolic activity of human fibroblasts or neuronal-like cells was unchanged after three days. This highlights the importance of a rigorous optimization of stimulation protocols according to the target tissue. The safety of the device and its sterilization conditions were demonstrated as there was no cell death or contamination during <em>in vitro</em> stimulation. This work features a feasible, safe, and effective multi-modal stimulation device that can provide a wide range of stimulation protocols to better understand their effect on cells or tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113305
Hengtong Fan , Zejun Ren , Shuqi Chen , Tingting Huang , Guoxiong Liu , Yashou Guo , Yan Zheng , Yifan Cheng , Xing Li , Yibo Mei , Yuhang Chen , Huihui Tuo , Lijiang Gu , Dalin He , Jin Zeng
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease closely linked to the abnormal colonization and proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an ideal treatment. However, it still faces challenges such as low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates with porphyrin-based photosensitizers and low activation efficiency of conventional red light. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo bactericidal effects of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) combined with a novel 450 nm blue laser-mediated photodynamic therapy (BL-PDT) on C. acnes, and explored the potential mechanisms, focusing on energy metabolism. In our results, C. acnes showed a time-dependent uptake of DVDMS, and BL-PDT demonstrated an excellent bactericidal effect on C. acnes in vitro by inducing a large amount of ROS production. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis revealed that BL-PDT inhibited C. acnes carbon metabolism while initially enhancing respiration; however, both fermentation and respiration were suppressed after 2 h, and ATP declined time-dependently in this process. Ultimately, the combined effects of ROS-induced damage (from DVDMS and enhanced respiration) and ATP depletion led to bacterial death. Similarly, in vivo experiments confirmed the favorable therapeutic efficacy and safety of BL-PDT in a rat model of acne. In conclusion, DVDMS-based BL-PDT may be a safe and effective new treatment against acne. Thus, our results provide compelling evidence for using DVDMS and BL-PDT in acne treatment.
{"title":"A novel 450 nm blue laser-mediated sinoporphyrin sodium-based photodynamic therapy inactivates Cutibacterium acnes through stress-mediated metabolic alterations","authors":"Hengtong Fan , Zejun Ren , Shuqi Chen , Tingting Huang , Guoxiong Liu , Yashou Guo , Yan Zheng , Yifan Cheng , Xing Li , Yibo Mei , Yuhang Chen , Huihui Tuo , Lijiang Gu , Dalin He , Jin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease closely linked to the abnormal colonization and proliferation of <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> (<em>C. acnes</em>). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an ideal treatment. However, it still faces challenges such as low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates with porphyrin-based photosensitizers and low activation efficiency of conventional red light. This study investigated the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> bactericidal effects of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) combined with a novel 450 nm blue laser-mediated photodynamic therapy (BL-PDT) on <em>C. acnes</em>, and explored the potential mechanisms, focusing on energy metabolism. In our results, <em>C. acnes</em> showed a time-dependent uptake of DVDMS, and BL-PDT demonstrated an excellent bactericidal effect on <em>C. acnes in vitro</em> by inducing a large amount of ROS production. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis revealed that BL-PDT inhibited <em>C. acnes</em> carbon metabolism while initially enhancing respiration; however, both fermentation and respiration were suppressed after 2 h, and ATP declined time-dependently in this process. Ultimately, the combined effects of ROS-induced damage (from DVDMS and enhanced respiration) and ATP depletion led to bacterial death. Similarly, <em>in vivo</em> experiments confirmed the favorable therapeutic efficacy and safety of BL-PDT in a rat model of acne. In conclusion, DVDMS-based BL-PDT may be a safe and effective new treatment against acne. Thus, our results provide compelling evidence for using DVDMS and BL-PDT in acne treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113304
Yang Liu , Lu Zhang , Jinxiu Wang , Pengcheng Zhang , Zhuxiang Zhang , Tuo Chen , Guangxiu Liu , Shichang Kang , Wei Zhang , Gaosen Zhang
Radiation-resistant microorganisms employ complex regulatory networks to safeguard cellular protection and DNA repair upon radiation exposure. And, previous studies have focused on a single type of radiation. However, studies specifically exploring the correlations, including connectivity defined as interlinked regulatory networks or coexisted core defense mechanisms, and differences referred to the radiation-type-specific radiation protection and damage repair, between an organism's resistant radiation types and their underlying resistance mechanisms remain limited. Therefore, we conducted an integrated transcriptomic and physiological analysis of Sphingomonas radiodurans from Mount Everest, investigating its connectivity and differences responding to multi-radiations within UVC, γ-ray, and X-ray radiation. For UVC radiation, extracellular polysaccharides reduced direct cell damage, and the RecF homologous recombination pathway was induced to repair DNA DSBs. In response to γ-ray radiation, EPSs also mitigated cell damage; additionally, γ-ray-induced changes in cell membrane proteins and lipids cooperated with EPS to block radiation penetration, and the RecF pathway was activated for DNA DSBs repair. Regarding X-ray radiation, it similarly induced membrane protein and lipid changes to synergize for radiation blocking, but uniquely activated the RecBCD homologous recombination pathway for DNA DSBs repair. Notably, the ROS-scavenging system served as the common connectivity across all three radiation types, mitigating oxidative stress from radiation-induced ROS accumulation. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, a high proportion of novel genes encoding hypothetical proteins were significantly upregulated in response to multi-radiation. Taken together, these results highlight the coordinated protective strategies of strain S9–5 involving both shared and radiation-specific mechanisms, provide new insights into bacterial response mechanisms of radiation resistance evolution in extreme environments, and serve as important references for developing protection agents against multi-radiation damage.
{"title":"Unveiling connectivity and differences of bacterial response mechanisms exposed to multi-radiation through the transcriptomic profiles and physiological characteristics of Mount Everest Sphingomonas radiodurans","authors":"Yang Liu , Lu Zhang , Jinxiu Wang , Pengcheng Zhang , Zhuxiang Zhang , Tuo Chen , Guangxiu Liu , Shichang Kang , Wei Zhang , Gaosen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation-resistant microorganisms employ complex regulatory networks to safeguard cellular protection and DNA repair upon radiation exposure. And, previous studies have focused on a single type of radiation. However, studies specifically exploring the correlations, including connectivity defined as interlinked regulatory networks or coexisted core defense mechanisms, and differences referred to the radiation-type-specific radiation protection and damage repair, between an organism's resistant radiation types and their underlying resistance mechanisms remain limited. Therefore, we conducted an integrated transcriptomic and physiological analysis of <em>Sphingomonas radiodurans</em> from Mount Everest, investigating its connectivity and differences responding to multi-radiations within UVC, γ-ray, and X-ray radiation. For UVC radiation, extracellular polysaccharides reduced direct cell damage, and the RecF homologous recombination pathway was induced to repair DNA DSBs. In response to γ-ray radiation, EPSs also mitigated cell damage; additionally, γ-ray-induced changes in cell membrane proteins and lipids cooperated with EPS to block radiation penetration, and the RecF pathway was activated for DNA DSBs repair. Regarding X-ray radiation, it similarly induced membrane protein and lipid changes to synergize for radiation blocking, but uniquely activated the RecBCD homologous recombination pathway for DNA DSBs repair. Notably, the ROS-scavenging system served as the common connectivity across all three radiation types, mitigating oxidative stress from radiation-induced ROS accumulation. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, a high proportion of novel genes encoding hypothetical proteins were significantly upregulated in response to multi-radiation. Taken together, these results highlight the coordinated protective strategies of strain S9–5 involving both shared and radiation-specific mechanisms, provide new insights into bacterial response mechanisms of radiation resistance evolution in extreme environments, and serve as important references for developing protection agents against multi-radiation damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113303
Xing Li , Ziqing Chen , Mingzhuo Liu, Jingwen An, Jinwei Shang, Gehua Zhu, Huicai Wen , Guanghua Guo
Background
The treatment of hypertrophic scars poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to the limitations of existing options. Given the inadequacy of current regimens, it is imperative to explore new and more effective treatment strategies.
Objective
Here, we investigated the mechanism by which hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) inhibits hypertrophic scar formation, with a focus on the role of HMOX1 and ferroptosis.
Methods
Using hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HFs), we determined optimal HYP-PDT conditions and assessed its effects on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify key targets, followed by mechanistic studies on ferroptosis.
Results
HYP-PDT significantly suppressed HF proliferation, migration, and fibrotic protein expression, while promoting apoptosis. Multi-omics analysis identified HMOX1 as a key upregulated target linked to ferroptosis. HYP-PDT increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, and Fe2+ levels—effects reversible by ferroptosis inhibitors. HMOX1 overexpression enhanced HYP-PDT-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis, but alone did not trigger these processes.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that HYP-PDT induces ferroptosis via HMOX1 upregulation, providing a new mechanistic basis and potential therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar management.
{"title":"Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy promotes apoptosis and inhibits fibrosis by inducing HMOX1-mediated ferroptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts","authors":"Xing Li , Ziqing Chen , Mingzhuo Liu, Jingwen An, Jinwei Shang, Gehua Zhu, Huicai Wen , Guanghua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The treatment of hypertrophic scars poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to the limitations of existing options. Given the inadequacy of current regimens, it is imperative to explore new and more effective treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Here, we investigated the mechanism by which hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) inhibits hypertrophic scar formation, with a focus on the role of HMOX1 and ferroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HFs), we determined optimal HYP-PDT conditions and assessed its effects on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify key targets, followed by mechanistic studies on ferroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HYP-PDT significantly suppressed HF proliferation, migration, and fibrotic protein expression, while promoting apoptosis. Multi-omics analysis identified HMOX1 as a key upregulated target linked to ferroptosis. HYP-PDT increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, and Fe<sup>2+</sup> levels—effects reversible by ferroptosis inhibitors. HMOX1 overexpression enhanced HYP-PDT-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis, but alone did not trigger these processes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that HYP-PDT induces ferroptosis via HMOX1 upregulation, providing a new mechanistic basis and potential therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113302
Jianhui Su , Siyi Chen , Zhishen Huang , Haoxuan He , Huanhuan Zou , Xiaoyi Huang , Yongzhao Xie , Hongxia Zhao , Zhenbo Xu , Tao Lei , Juan Li , Haiyan Zeng
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) frequently causes biofilm-related infections that can exhibit extreme resistance to antibiotic therapy. Phage therapy shows promise as an alternative treatment, yet bacteria may develop resistance to it with prolonged use. Phage-photosensitizer combination therapy represents a novel antimicrobial strategy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of chlorin e6-functionalized phage in eradicating biofilms and treating CRAB infections, and to assess its sustained after effect following the emergence of phage resistance. The A. baumannii phage (ABP)-chlorin e6 conjugate (ABP-Ce6) was successfully synthesized and characterized. It preserved the phage's absorptive capacity and lytic activity while enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, ABP-Ce6 demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity comparable to ABP while exceeding that of Ce6, and showed superior performance in both inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting existing biofilms in CRAB Ab1513. Significantly, although ABP exhibited no efficacy against the phage-resistant CRAB Ab1513-BIM12 due to its inability to achieve irreversible adsorption, the ABP-Ce6 maintained potent antibacterial and biofilm ablation effects against this strain, outperforming free Ce6. This sustained efficacy arises from ABP's reversible adsorption, which still enables proximity-driven Ce6 delivery to the target bacteria. In vivo, the ABP-Ce6 significantly enhanced mice wound healing for infections caused by CRAB Ab1513 and Ab1513-BIM12. In conclusion, ABP-Ce6 exhibits significant efficacy as a therapeutic agent against CRAB infections even after the bacteria develop resistance to phage therapy. This novel strategy may serve as a hopeful complementary strategy to phage therapy, thereby reducing delays in screening for new therapeutic phages.
{"title":"Phage-conjugated chlorin e6: A strategy overcoming phage resistance in biofilm eradication and wound infection therapy of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Jianhui Su , Siyi Chen , Zhishen Huang , Haoxuan He , Huanhuan Zou , Xiaoyi Huang , Yongzhao Xie , Hongxia Zhao , Zhenbo Xu , Tao Lei , Juan Li , Haiyan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenem-Resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (CRAB) frequently causes biofilm-related infections that can exhibit extreme resistance to antibiotic therapy. Phage therapy shows promise as an alternative treatment, yet bacteria may develop resistance to it with prolonged use. Phage-photosensitizer combination therapy represents a novel antimicrobial strategy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of chlorin e6-functionalized phage in eradicating biofilms and treating CRAB infections, and to assess its sustained after effect following the emergence of phage resistance. The <em>A. baumannii</em> phage (ABP)-chlorin e6 conjugate (ABP-Ce6) was successfully synthesized and characterized. It preserved the phage's absorptive capacity and lytic activity while enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, ABP-Ce6 demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity comparable to ABP while exceeding that of Ce6, and showed superior performance in both inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting existing biofilms in CRAB Ab1513. Significantly, although ABP exhibited no efficacy against the phage-resistant CRAB Ab1513-BIM12 due to its inability to achieve irreversible adsorption, the ABP-Ce6 maintained potent antibacterial and biofilm ablation effects against this strain, outperforming free Ce6. This sustained efficacy arises from ABP's reversible adsorption, which still enables proximity-driven Ce6 delivery to the target bacteria. In vivo, the ABP-Ce6 significantly enhanced mice wound healing for infections caused by CRAB Ab1513 and Ab1513-BIM12. In conclusion, ABP-Ce6 exhibits significant efficacy as a therapeutic agent against CRAB infections even after the bacteria develop resistance to phage therapy. This novel strategy may serve as a hopeful complementary strategy to phage therapy, thereby reducing delays in screening for new therapeutic phages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301
Jing-Yi Li , Ya-Tong Liu , Zhi-Bo Jiang, Si-Yi Yao, Fan-Qi Shen, Yu-Yang Wang, Yue-Li Zou, Li-Xia Zhao
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important biomarkers for metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and they have significant research value in revealing the pathological mechanisms of these diseases. In this study, we designed three fluorescent probes based on triphenylamine, namely DM-1, DM-2, and DM-3, for the targeted detection of lipid droplets and the identification of NAFLD. DM1–3 exhibits a unique response to small polar environments and has high sensitivity, high selectivity, large Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, a wide pH range (2–8), and rapid recognition. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of probe DM-1 at 576 nm (expressed in logarithmic form) has a good linear relationship with PBS/Diox (80–96 %) (R2 = 0.9888). Therefore, probe DM-1 was selected as the object for further study. The results of cell experiments indicated that the probe DM-1 could target lipid droplets within cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments successfully achieved the imaging of LDs in the liver of NAFLD mouse models at different stages. Together, these results demonstrated the potential of probe DM-1 as a polar-sensitive fluorescent tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.
{"title":"Triphenylamine-based fluorescent probes for lipid droplet detection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease identification","authors":"Jing-Yi Li , Ya-Tong Liu , Zhi-Bo Jiang, Si-Yi Yao, Fan-Qi Shen, Yu-Yang Wang, Yue-Li Zou, Li-Xia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid droplets (LDs) are important biomarkers for metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and they have significant research value in revealing the pathological mechanisms of these diseases. In this study, we designed three fluorescent probes based on triphenylamine, namely <strong>DM-1</strong>, <strong>DM-2</strong>, and <strong>DM-3</strong>, for the targeted detection of lipid droplets and the identification of NAFLD. <strong>DM1–3</strong> exhibits a unique response to small polar environments and has high sensitivity, high selectivity, large Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, a wide pH range (2–8), and rapid recognition. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of probe <strong>DM-1</strong> at 576 nm (expressed in logarithmic form) has a good linear relationship with PBS/Diox (80–96 %) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9888). Therefore, probe <strong>DM-1</strong> was selected as the object for further study. The results of cell experiments indicated that the probe <strong>DM-1</strong> could target lipid droplets within cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments successfully achieved the imaging of LDs in the liver of NAFLD mouse models at different stages. Together, these results demonstrated the potential of probe <strong>DM-1</strong> as a polar-sensitive fluorescent tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300
Ruth Lalpekhlui, Lalsiamkima Hnamler, Amit Kumar Trivedi
Photoperiod is a primary cue for most birds to initiate reproductive activities. How light influences the reproduction-linked processes in white-rumped munia is largely unknown. A series of experiments were performed on male birds. In experiment one, birds were exposed to either short (SD; 8 L: 16D) or long day length (LD; 15 L:9D) for one day and sampled at 19 h after light onset. In experiment two, birds were exposed to either SD (8 L: 16D), or equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D), or to LD (15 L:9D). In experiment 3, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod of 10 lx, 50 lx, or 100 lx. In experiment four, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod (0.5 W/m2 of light irradiance) of red (RL; 650 nm) or blue light (BL; 450 nm). Experiment 2 to 4 ran for 30 days. For experiment five, birds were procured at four different times of the year, i.e., March, June, September, and December. Body mass and testicular volume size were observed in all experiments. In experiment 2 to 5 sampling was done during the middle of the light phase. Hypothalamic tissue was used for transcription studies of reproductive and epigenetic markers. In experiment 1, higher expressions of Tshβ, Dio2, Eya3, Tet2, and Hat1 while lower expression of Dnmt1 was observed in LD group. In experiment 2, higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Eya3, and Tet2 while lower expression of of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1, and Dnmt3b was observed in both 12 L:12D and 15 L:9D LD groups. In experiment 3, higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Tet2, and Hat1 while lower expression of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, and Dnmt3b was revealed in 50 and 100 lx groups. Experiment 4 resulted in higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, and Tet2 while lower expression of Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b in blue light group. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all hypothalamic transcripts studied. Higher expression of Tshβ, Dio2, GnRh, Eya3, Tet2, and Hat1 was revealed in September while Dio3, GnIh, Hdac2, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b were higher at other time of the year. The results from experiment 1 to 4 suggest that all three components of light i.e., duration, illuminance and spectral composition of light affects reproductive responses. While in nature season controls reproductive responses. Change in epigenetic transcripts suggest that and these responses are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.
{"title":"Light-induced reproductive responses in white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata)","authors":"Ruth Lalpekhlui, Lalsiamkima Hnamler, Amit Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiod is a primary cue for most birds to initiate reproductive activities. How light influences the reproduction-linked processes in white-rumped munia is largely unknown. A series of experiments were performed on male birds. In experiment one, birds were exposed to either short (SD; 8 L: 16D) or long day length (LD; 15 L:9D) for one day and sampled at 19 h after light onset. In experiment two, birds were exposed to either SD (8 L: 16D), or equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D), or to LD (15 L:9D). In experiment 3, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod of 10 lx, 50 lx, or 100 lx. In experiment four, birds were exposed to an equinox photoperiod (0.5 W/m<sup>2</sup> of light irradiance) of red (RL; 650 nm) or blue light (BL; 450 nm). Experiment 2 to 4 ran for 30 days. For experiment five, birds were procured at four different times of the year, i.e., March, June, September, and December. Body mass and testicular volume size were observed in all experiments. In experiment 2 to 5 sampling was done during the middle of the light phase. Hypothalamic tissue was used for transcription studies of reproductive and epigenetic markers. In experiment 1, higher expressions of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> while lower expression of <em>Dnmt1</em> was observed in LD group. In experiment 2, higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, and <em>Tet2</em> while lower expression of of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1,</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> was observed in both 12 L:12D and 15 L:9D LD groups. In experiment 3, higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> while lower expression of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, and <em>Dnmt3b</em> was revealed in 50 and 100 lx groups. Experiment 4 resulted in higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, and <em>Tet2</em> while lower expression of <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> in blue light group. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all hypothalamic transcripts studied. Higher expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, <em>GnRh</em>, <em>Eya3</em>, <em>Tet2</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> was revealed in September while <em>Dio3</em>, <em>GnIh</em>, <em>Hdac2</em>, <em>Dnmt1</em> and <em>Dnmt3b</em> were higher at other time of the year. The results from experiment 1 to 4 suggest that all three components of light i.e., duration, illuminance and spectral composition of light affects reproductive responses. While in nature season controls reproductive responses. Change in epigenetic transcripts suggest that and these responses are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291
Fahad Alkhudhairy
AIM
Evaluating the effect of different disinfection protocols, i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-Indocyanine green (ICG), photodynamic therapy (PDT)-ICG, and ICG-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) on the resin tag length (RTL) and the shear bond strength (SBS) bonded to caries-affected dentin (CAD) using two step etch and rinse resin adhesive.
Materials and methods
The present study utilized fifty-six extracted human molars with carious lesions extending up to halfway between the pulp chamber and the enamel-dentin junction, corresponding to ICDAS criteria 5. All the samples were allocated into four groups based on the disinfection regimen (n = 14). Group 1: CHX, Group 2: ICG-PDT, Group 3: ICG-SDT, and Group 4: ICG-loaded CHNPs. A traditional two-step etch and rinse adhesive was used, followed by composite buildup. All specimens underwent thermocycling to replicate the aging effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization of chitosan nanoparticles and ICG-loaded CHNPs, followed by measurement of RTL (n = 4). Failure mode assessment and SBS analysis were performed using a stereomicroscope and universal testing machine(n = 10). ANOVA2 and post hoc Tukey test were conducted to statistically compare the RTL and SBS outcomes among various investigated groups, p ˂0.05.
Results
Group 3 (ICG-SDT) samples presented the maximum length of resin tags (121.82 ± 5.23 μm) and the highest bond strength (9.43 ± 0.23 MPa). Whereas the minimum resin tag length was detected in Group 2 (ICG-PDT) (59.21 ± 2.11 μm), along with the lowest bond strength (6.41 ± 0.92 MPa). Comparative analysis between Group 1 (CHX) and Group 2 indicated that no significant difference in their resin tag length and SBS (p˃0.05). Similarly, intergroup analysis between Group 3 and Group 4 also demonstrated comparable bond strength and resin tags (p˃0.05).
Conclusion
Sonodynamic therapy with indocyanine green and indocyanine green-infused chitosan nanoparticles is an effective method for disinfecting caries-affected dentin, as it has shown appropriate resin tag length and bond strength.
{"title":"Sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy, activated indocyanine green, and indocyanine green-loaded chitosan nanoparticle on resin tag length and shear bond strength to caries-affected dentin using two-step etch and rinse resin adhesive","authors":"Fahad Alkhudhairy","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>AIM</h3><div>Evaluating the effect of different disinfection protocols, i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-Indocyanine green (ICG), photodynamic therapy (PDT)-ICG, and ICG-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) on the resin tag length (RTL) and the shear bond strength (SBS) bonded to caries-affected dentin (CAD) using two step etch and rinse resin adhesive.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The present study utilized fifty-six extracted human molars with carious lesions extending up to halfway between the pulp chamber and the enamel-dentin junction, corresponding to ICDAS criteria 5. All the samples were allocated into four groups based on the disinfection regimen (<em>n</em> = 14). Group 1: CHX, Group 2: ICG-PDT, Group 3: ICG-SDT, and Group 4: ICG-loaded CHNPs. A traditional two-step etch and rinse adhesive was used, followed by composite buildup. All specimens underwent thermocycling to replicate the aging effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization of chitosan nanoparticles and ICG-loaded CHNPs, followed by measurement of RTL (<em>n</em> = 4). Failure mode assessment and SBS analysis were performed using a stereomicroscope and universal testing machine(<em>n</em> = 10). ANOVA2 and post hoc Tukey test were conducted to statistically compare the RTL and SBS outcomes among various investigated groups, <em>p</em> ˂0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group 3 (ICG-SDT) samples presented the maximum length of resin tags (<em>121.82 ± 5.23</em> μ<em>m)</em> and the highest bond strength (<em>9.43 ± 0.23 MPa)</em>. Whereas the minimum resin tag length was detected in Group 2 (ICG-PDT) (<em>59.21 ± 2.11</em> μ<em>m), along with the lowest bond strength</em> (<em>6.41 ± 0.92 MPa).</em> Comparative analysis between Group 1 (CHX) and Group 2 indicated that <em>no significant difference in their resin tag length and SBS</em> (p˃0.05). Similarly, intergroup analysis between Group 3 and Group 4 also demonstrated comparable bond strength and resin tags (p˃0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sonodynamic therapy with indocyanine green and indocyanine green-infused chitosan nanoparticles is an effective method for disinfecting caries-affected dentin, as it has shown appropriate resin tag length and bond strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite its efficiency, real-time capability, and low cost, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has limited classification accuracy in breast carcinoma diagnosis, restricting its clinical application. To address this, we evaluated three steady-state autofluorescence analysis approaches: spectral ratio, piecewise linear fitting, and univariate cubic polynomial fitting. To make the analysis more systematic and objective, a sliding-window mechanism and statistical difference analysis were introduced. Based on these results, a novel composite-feature strategy was proposed through arithmetic combination of slope values across multiple spectral segments, enabling distributed spectral information to be effectively integrated and enhancing classification stability. Under the current sample size, piecewise linear fitting demonstrated superior performance by extracting multiple slope features, one of which achieved 100 % classification. However, ambiguous boundaries limited unimodal generalizability for larger datasets. We then combined the optimal unimodal method—piecewise linear fitting—with time-resolved fluorescence lifetime data for bimodal analysis. This fusion markedly enhanced class separability over unimodal approaches. Furthermore, decision boundaries from support vector machines (SVM) were sharper than those from linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These findings highlight the diagnostic value of spectral slope features and emphasize the enhanced classification performance achieved by combining steady-state with time-resolved data. The proposed method is label-free, low-cost, time-efficient, and shows strong potential for intelligent diagnostics by reducing reliance on subjective interpretation. The observed differences likely arise from structural protein changes (collagen, elastin), altered protein-bound NAD(P)H ratios, elevated FAD, and porphyrin accumulation, reflecting tumor-related metabolic and microstructural changes.
{"title":"Unimodal and bimodal classification methods for breast carcinomas based on laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"Dedong Guo , Zewei Ouyang , Baichuan Long , Guanwei Zeng , Zhuocheng Chen , Maoliang Chen , Junlang Chen , Xing Zhang , Jianfeng Yan , Pusheng Zhang , Zhifeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its efficiency, real-time capability, and low cost, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has limited classification accuracy in breast carcinoma diagnosis, restricting its clinical application. To address this, we evaluated three steady-state autofluorescence analysis approaches: spectral ratio, piecewise linear fitting, and univariate cubic polynomial fitting. To make the analysis more systematic and objective, a sliding-window mechanism and statistical difference analysis were introduced. Based on these results, a novel composite-feature strategy was proposed through arithmetic combination of slope values across multiple spectral segments, enabling distributed spectral information to be effectively integrated and enhancing classification stability. Under the current sample size, piecewise linear fitting demonstrated superior performance by extracting multiple slope features, one of which achieved 100 % classification. However, ambiguous boundaries limited unimodal generalizability for larger datasets. We then combined the optimal unimodal method—piecewise linear fitting—with time-resolved fluorescence lifetime data for bimodal analysis. This fusion markedly enhanced class separability over unimodal approaches. Furthermore, decision boundaries from support vector machines (SVM) were sharper than those from linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These findings highlight the diagnostic value of spectral slope features and emphasize the enhanced classification performance achieved by combining steady-state with time-resolved data. The proposed method is label-free, low-cost, time-efficient, and shows strong potential for intelligent diagnostics by reducing reliance on subjective interpretation. The observed differences likely arise from structural protein changes (collagen, elastin), altered protein-bound NAD(<em>P</em>)H ratios, elevated FAD, and porphyrin accumulation, reflecting tumor-related metabolic and microstructural changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 113299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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