Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113273
Yan Chen , Chuanjie Zhang , Xiuhong Weng , Shengjun Jiang , Bo Cheng
Soft tissue wounds result in the loss of essential functions, including sensation and barrier protection. Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration, primarily through its ability to precisely regulate tissue temperature and thereby influence cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this study, gold nanorods (AuNRs) were employed as photosensitizers and co-cultured with fibroblasts to evaluate the effects of mild PTT on collagen organization and wound healing under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. AuNRs-mediated photothermal stimulation raised the temperature of the culture medium from 18.0 °C to 37.8 °C within 7 min. This controlled thermal stimulation significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation and led to a more random distribution of collagen fibers. Moreover, AuNR-mediated mild PTT promoted the differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblasts and reduced scar tissue formation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of mild PTT in soft tissue regeneration by modulating fibroblast behavior and remodeling collagen architecture.
{"title":"The impact of near-infrared-triggered photothermal therapy on collagen organization and wound healing","authors":"Yan Chen , Chuanjie Zhang , Xiuhong Weng , Shengjun Jiang , Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft tissue wounds result in the loss of essential functions, including sensation and barrier protection. Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration, primarily through its ability to precisely regulate tissue temperature and thereby influence cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this study, gold nanorods (AuNRs) were employed as photosensitizers and co-cultured with fibroblasts to evaluate the effects of mild PTT on collagen organization and wound healing under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. AuNRs-mediated photothermal stimulation raised the temperature of the culture medium from 18.0 °C to 37.8 °C within 7 min. This controlled thermal stimulation significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation and led to a more random distribution of collagen fibers. Moreover, AuNR-mediated mild PTT promoted the differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblasts and reduced scar tissue formation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of mild PTT in soft tissue regeneration by modulating fibroblast behavior and remodeling collagen architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino acids are fundamental biomolecules that constitute the building blocks of proteins. Monitoring their dysregulation and fluctuations serves as an important indicator of human health. The aim of this study is to explore the role of exogenous amino acids metabolism in colon cancer development. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were employed to investigate biochemical changes in normal human colon cells (CCD-18Co) and cancerous colon cells (Caco-2), both untreated and supplemented with leucine, threonine, and arginine. Spectroscopic data were analyzed using chemometric methods, specifically Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometric approach, identified unique Raman biomarkers – 1088/1262, 1444/1660, 1580/1004, and 1630/1444 - that correspond to changes in nucleic acids, lipids/lipids+Amide I, proteins, and lipids, respectively, in both normal and cancer cells supplemented with amino acids. These findings underscore the significant potential of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging as powerful tools for investigating the role of exogenous amino acids in colon cancer progression. We have also shown that the S₁-state lifetime of tetra-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine remains unaffected by amino acid supplementation, as confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, supporting its stability as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Mimicking exogenous amino acids: Raman-based and machine learning tracking of Colon cancer cells metabolism","authors":"Monika Kopeć, Karolina Beton-Mysur, Arkadiusz Jarota, Beata Brożek-Płuska","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amino acids are fundamental biomolecules that constitute the building blocks of proteins. Monitoring their dysregulation and fluctuations serves as an important indicator of human health. The aim of this study is to explore the role of exogenous amino acids metabolism in colon cancer development. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were employed to investigate biochemical changes in normal human colon cells (CCD-18Co) and cancerous colon cells (Caco-2), both untreated and supplemented with leucine, threonine, and arginine. Spectroscopic data were analyzed using chemometric methods, specifically Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometric approach, identified unique Raman biomarkers – 1088/1262, 1444/1660, 1580/1004, and 1630/1444 - that correspond to changes in nucleic acids, lipids/lipids+Amide <em>I</em>, proteins, and lipids, respectively, in both normal and cancer cells supplemented with amino acids. These findings underscore the significant potential of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging as powerful tools for investigating the role of exogenous amino acids in colon cancer progression. We have also shown that the S₁-state lifetime of tetra-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine remains unaffected by amino acid supplementation, as confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, supporting its stability as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113261
Sunmi Han , Assel Seitkazina , Jeongyun Heo , Se-young Kim , SuJin Kim , Sung-Ho Jeon , Yung Hun Park , Taehun Lim , Bohyeon Kim , Shivani Rajoriya , Quy Son Luu , Youngbok Lee , Yong-Deok Lee , Honghwan Choi , Won-Keun Kim , Hyun Jik Kim , Sehoon Kim
The emergence of highly transmissible respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, emphasizes the urgent need for safe, variant-agnostic, and self-administered antiviral strategies. Here, we present a nanotheranostic platform (MBSD) based on methylene blue nanoparticles stabilized with a primary fatty acid naturally found in human nasal mucosa, designed for intranasal photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This nanoformulation enhances cellular permeability and singlet oxygen generation at sites of viral infection through strategic ion pairing and micellization using clinically approved excipients. MBSD demonstrated superior uptake and intracellular singlet oxygen generation in human nasal epithelial cells compared to free methylene blue. Upon exposure to red light, PDI treatment with MBSD significantly reduced viral gene expression and infectivity across multiple RNA and DNA viruses—including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1 and Delta), Zika, Vaccinia, and emerging paramyxoviruses—with sub-nanomolar to low-nanomolar EC₅₀ values. In murine models, a single intranasal MBSD-mediated PDI treatment attenuated disease progression, markedly reduced lung viral burden and inflammation, and improved survival outcomes. In addition, repeated PDI treatments showed no detectable toxicity to normal mucosal tissues, indicating a favorable safety profile. These findings highlight MBSD-mediated PDI as a clinically translatable, non-invasive nanomedicine strategy that offers broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy and mucosal safety, supporting its potential as a frontline theranostic intervention for early-stage management of respiratory virus outbreaks.
{"title":"Intranasal nanophotosensitizer enables safe and broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of respiratory viruses","authors":"Sunmi Han , Assel Seitkazina , Jeongyun Heo , Se-young Kim , SuJin Kim , Sung-Ho Jeon , Yung Hun Park , Taehun Lim , Bohyeon Kim , Shivani Rajoriya , Quy Son Luu , Youngbok Lee , Yong-Deok Lee , Honghwan Choi , Won-Keun Kim , Hyun Jik Kim , Sehoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of highly transmissible respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, emphasizes the urgent need for safe, variant-agnostic, and self-administered antiviral strategies. Here, we present a nanotheranostic platform (MBSD) based on methylene blue nanoparticles stabilized with a primary fatty acid naturally found in human nasal mucosa, designed for intranasal photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This nanoformulation enhances cellular permeability and singlet oxygen generation at sites of viral infection through strategic ion pairing and micellization using clinically approved excipients. MBSD demonstrated superior uptake and intracellular singlet oxygen generation in human nasal epithelial cells compared to free methylene blue. Upon exposure to red light, PDI treatment with MBSD significantly reduced viral gene expression and infectivity across multiple RNA and DNA viruses—including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1 and Delta), Zika, Vaccinia, and emerging paramyxoviruses—with sub-nanomolar to low-nanomolar EC₅₀ values. In murine models, a single intranasal MBSD-mediated PDI treatment attenuated disease progression, markedly reduced lung viral burden and inflammation, and improved survival outcomes. In addition, repeated PDI treatments showed no detectable toxicity to normal mucosal tissues, indicating a favorable safety profile. These findings highlight MBSD-mediated PDI as a clinically translatable, non-invasive nanomedicine strategy that offers broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy and mucosal safety, supporting its potential as a frontline theranostic intervention for early-stage management of respiratory virus outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113272
Shaowu Sun , Xiaona Liu , Jiayi Dong , Xiaoyu Zhao , Chenxi Zhang , Chenyan Wang , Xiaolu Ma , Yan Wang , Xiaona Li , Zhipeng Gao , Weiyi Chen
Ultraviolet-A and riboflavin (UVA/R) crosslinking has emerged as a valuable technique for ocular disease treatments. However, the exact influence of the oxygen and riboflavin on the crosslinking has not been fully explored so far. A kinetic model was developed to predict corneal/scleral stiffening effects under varying oxygen levels, irradiation intensities, and riboflavin solution concentrations during crosslinking at a fixed fluence. The optical properties of porcine sclera were determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Monte Carlo method was employed to evaluate intrastromal light absorption of riboflavin. The roles of oxygen and riboflavin in the reaction mechanism were proposed based on the kinetic interactions of reactive species within the corneal/scleral stroma. Kinetic simulations indicated that increasing intrastromal oxygen concentration, driven by higher ambient oxygen levels, significantly improves crosslinking efficiency. The crosslinker formation rate reach its maximum when the intrastromal riboflavin concentration was approximately 0.245 %. Concentrations that are either too low or too high are adversely affect the formation of crosslinker. Optimal stiffening effects could be achieved by balancing oxygen availability, irradiation intensity, and riboflavin solution concentration. The model accuracy of oxygen prediction was verified by experimental results obtained from corneal crosslinking. Linear correlations were found between the model-predicted concentration of newly induced crosslinkers and the experimentally measured mechanical properties of both the cornea and sclera under various crosslinking protocols. Our study improved the prediction model by introducing accurate optical properties of the sclera. This proposed model provides a possibility for predicting the biomechanical crosslinking efficacy of the cornea/sclera, and may be used for optimizing UVA/R crosslinking protocols in customized treatment for ocular disease.
{"title":"A theoretical model for optimizing UVA/riboflavin crosslinking","authors":"Shaowu Sun , Xiaona Liu , Jiayi Dong , Xiaoyu Zhao , Chenxi Zhang , Chenyan Wang , Xiaolu Ma , Yan Wang , Xiaona Li , Zhipeng Gao , Weiyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet-A and riboflavin (UVA/R) crosslinking has emerged as a valuable technique for ocular disease treatments. However, the exact influence of the oxygen and riboflavin on the crosslinking has not been fully explored so far. A kinetic model was developed to predict corneal/scleral stiffening effects under varying oxygen levels, irradiation intensities, and riboflavin solution concentrations during crosslinking at a fixed fluence. The optical properties of porcine sclera were determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Monte Carlo method was employed to evaluate intrastromal light absorption of riboflavin. The roles of oxygen and riboflavin in the reaction mechanism were proposed based on the kinetic interactions of reactive species within the corneal/scleral stroma. Kinetic simulations indicated that increasing intrastromal oxygen concentration, driven by higher ambient oxygen levels, significantly improves crosslinking efficiency. The crosslinker formation rate reach its maximum when the intrastromal riboflavin concentration was approximately 0.245 %. Concentrations that are either too low or too high are adversely affect the formation of crosslinker. Optimal stiffening effects could be achieved by balancing oxygen availability, irradiation intensity, and riboflavin solution concentration. The model accuracy of oxygen prediction was verified by experimental results obtained from corneal crosslinking. Linear correlations were found between the model-predicted concentration of newly induced crosslinkers and the experimentally measured mechanical properties of both the cornea and sclera under various crosslinking protocols. Our study improved the prediction model by introducing accurate optical properties of the sclera. This proposed model provides a possibility for predicting the biomechanical crosslinking efficacy of the cornea/sclera, and may be used for optimizing UVA/R crosslinking protocols in customized treatment for ocular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276
Tianxiang Fan , Peng Xia , Safayet Ahmed , Yuen H. Tsang , Zhi Yao , Deli Wang , Ziyu Chen , Lixiang Xue , Dongquan Shi , Bo Wang , Chi Fai Cheung , Marco Y.C. Pang , Ye Li , Siu Ngor Fu
Photobiomodulation (PBM) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects in musculoskeletal disorders. However, the optimal parameters for modulating synovitis and joint degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the wavelength- and dose-dependent effects of PBM on inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of selected wavelengths in a murine model of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA). Primary rat FLS were stimulated with TNF-α and irradiated using PBM at 625, 810, 940, or 1050 nm with fluences ranging from 13 to 78 J/cm2 (fixed irradiance of 44 mW/cm2). mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS were quantified by RT-qPCR. The in vivo study involved daily PBM (810 or 940 nm at 39 J/cm2) for two weeks in CIOA mice, starting one week post-induction. Pain-related behavior was assessed weekly using the incapacitance test. Synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation were evaluated by histology and immunofluorescence staining for IL-1β and IL-6. Among tested parameters, 810 nm at 39 J/cm2 showed the most potent suppression of inflammatory gene expression in FLS. In vivo, 810 nm PBM significantly improved pain-related behavior by week 4, reduced synovitis and cartilage damage, and downregulated IL-1β and IL-6 expression in synovium. While 940 nm PBM also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, it did not show significant efficacy in vivo. These findings suggest that PBM at 810 nm exerts stronger anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in inflammatory OA compared with 940 nm, supporting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for inflammatory OA phenotypes.
{"title":"Wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation attenuates synovial inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and a collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model","authors":"Tianxiang Fan , Peng Xia , Safayet Ahmed , Yuen H. Tsang , Zhi Yao , Deli Wang , Ziyu Chen , Lixiang Xue , Dongquan Shi , Bo Wang , Chi Fai Cheung , Marco Y.C. Pang , Ye Li , Siu Ngor Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects in musculoskeletal disorders. However, the optimal parameters for modulating synovitis and joint degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the wavelength- and dose-dependent effects of PBM on inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of selected wavelengths in a murine model of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA). Primary rat FLS were stimulated with TNF-α and irradiated using PBM at 625, 810, 940, or 1050 nm with fluences ranging from 13 to 78 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (fixed irradiance of 44 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS were quantified by RT-qPCR. The in vivo study involved daily PBM (810 or 940 nm at 39 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) for two weeks in CIOA mice, starting one week post-induction. Pain-related behavior was assessed weekly using the incapacitance test. Synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation were evaluated by histology and immunofluorescence staining for IL-1β and IL-6. Among tested parameters, 810 nm at 39 J/cm<sup>2</sup> showed the most potent suppression of inflammatory gene expression in FLS. In vivo, 810 nm PBM significantly improved pain-related behavior by week 4, reduced synovitis and cartilage damage, and downregulated IL-1β and IL-6 expression in synovium. While 940 nm PBM also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, it did not show significant efficacy in vivo. These findings suggest that PBM at 810 nm exerts stronger anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in inflammatory OA compared with 940 nm, supporting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for inflammatory OA phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating orofacial pain disorder. Pharmacotherapy with carbamazepine is the mainstay of treatment, but adverse effects and tolerance often limit its long-term use. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown promise in managing various neuropathic pains, yet no study has assessed its efficacy as an adjunct in TN treatment within an Indian population.
Methods
In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with classical TN were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I received carbamazepine alone, and Group II received carbamazepine plus LLLT (using an 810 nm diode laser at 200 mW for 30s per point). Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months. LLLT was administered thrice weekly for 3 weeks at 810 nm, delivering 6 J per irradiation point. Outcomes were evaluated by a blinded assessor.
Results
Baseline NRS scores were similar (8.50 ± 0.95 vs. 8.75 ± 0.96, p = 0.412). At 3 weeks, mean NRS reduced significantly more in Group II (0.40 ± 0.68) than Group I (3.45 ± 1.23), p < 0.001. McGill scores at 3 months were significantly lower in Group II (2.90 ± 3.07) compared to Group I (23.40 ± 6.38), p < 0.001. None in Group II required carbamazepine dose escalation during the study, whereas all patients in Group I needed increases.
Conclusion
Combined photobiomodulation with carbamazepine provided significantly superior pain relief compared to medication alone in TN patients, reducing the need for higher drug doses. This is the first study to demonstrate the benefits of LLLT as an adjunct therapy in TN among the Indian population, indicating it as a promising option for adjunctive management.
{"title":"Adjunctive 810 nm photobiomodulation with pharmacotherapy for trigeminal neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care centre","authors":"Saumya Shukla, Adit Srivastava, Sakshi Batra, Subhadeep Pal, Sivani Darjee, Amlendu Shekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating orofacial pain disorder. Pharmacotherapy with carbamazepine is the mainstay of treatment, but adverse effects and tolerance often limit its long-term use. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown promise in managing various neuropathic pains, yet no study has assessed its efficacy as an adjunct in TN treatment within an Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with classical TN were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I received carbamazepine alone, and Group II received carbamazepine plus LLLT (using an 810 nm diode laser at 200 mW for 30s per point). Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months. LLLT was administered thrice weekly for 3 weeks at 810 nm, delivering 6 J per irradiation point. Outcomes were evaluated by a blinded assessor.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline NRS scores were similar (8.50 ± 0.95 vs. 8.75 ± 0.96, <em>p</em> = 0.412). At 3 weeks, mean NRS reduced significantly more in Group II (0.40 ± 0.68) than Group I (3.45 ± 1.23), <em>p</em> < 0.001. McGill scores at 3 months were significantly lower in Group II (2.90 ± 3.07) compared to Group I (23.40 ± 6.38), p < 0.001. None in Group II required carbamazepine dose escalation during the study, whereas all patients in Group I needed increases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combined photobiomodulation with carbamazepine provided significantly superior pain relief compared to medication alone in TN patients, reducing the need for higher drug doses. This is the first study to demonstrate the benefits of LLLT as an adjunct therapy in TN among the Indian population, indicating it as a promising option for adjunctive management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113275
Leticia D. Costa , Cátia Vieira , Mariana Q. Mesquita , Steffen Hackbarth , M. Graça P.M.S. Neves , Adelaide Almeida , Augusto C. Tomé , M. Amparo F. Faustino
Characterized by a remarkable chemical versatility and outstanding photophysical properties, porphyrins stand out as one of the most promising classes of photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). In this work, we described the synthesis, as well as the chemical and photophysical characterization of quinolinium-substituted porphyrins, and their corresponding Zn(II) complexes. The efficacy of these porphyrins in the photoinactivation of bacteria was evaluated, both alone and combined with the co-adjuvant potassium iodide, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) strains.
Overall, the results demonstrated the high potential of both cationic porphyrins to effectively photoinactivate bacterial strains. Cationic derivative 2, at a concentration of 1.0 μM, achieved reductions exceeding > 99.99999 % (>7.0 log10 CFU mL−1) for S. aureus after 10 min of white light irradiation (25 mW cm−2) and > 99.9 % (3.52 log₁₀ RLU) for E. coli after 60 min aPDT treatment. Similarly, the Zn(II) counterpart 2a also showed excellent efficiency, achieving ∼99.999 % reduction (4.95 log10 CFU mL−1) against MRSA after 60 min of aPDT at 1.0 μM, and a 3.52 log₁₀ RLU reduction for E. coli after 30 min of PDT at 5.0 μM. The action mechanism of both cationic quinolinium-substituted porphyrins demonstrated to be dependent on the singlet oxygen production, consistent with a Type II photodynamic pathway. The use of potassium iodide (KI) as co-adjuvant led to the production of reactive iodine species (RIS), namely iodine, and increased the photodynamic effect.
{"title":"Quinolinium-substituted porphyrins as promising antimicrobial photosensitizers","authors":"Leticia D. Costa , Cátia Vieira , Mariana Q. Mesquita , Steffen Hackbarth , M. Graça P.M.S. Neves , Adelaide Almeida , Augusto C. Tomé , M. Amparo F. Faustino","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterized by a remarkable chemical versatility and outstanding photophysical properties, porphyrins stand out as one of the most promising classes of photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). In this work, we described the synthesis, as well as the chemical and photophysical characterization of quinolinium-substituted porphyrins, and their corresponding Zn(II) complexes. The efficacy of these porphyrins in the photoinactivation of bacteria was evaluated, both alone and combined with the co-adjuvant potassium iodide, against methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus (</em>MRSA, Gram-positive) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gram-negative) strains.</div><div>Overall, the results demonstrated the high potential of both cationic porphyrins to effectively photoinactivate bacterial strains. Cationic derivative <strong>2</strong>, at a concentration of 1.0 μM, achieved reductions exceeding > 99.99999 % (>7.0 log<sub>10</sub> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>) for <em>S. aureus</em> after 10 min of white light irradiation (25 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>) and > 99.9 % (3.52 log₁₀ RLU) for <em>E. coli</em> after 60 min aPDT treatment. Similarly, the Zn(II) counterpart <strong>2a</strong> also showed excellent efficiency, achieving ∼99.999 % reduction (4.95 log<sub>10</sub> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>) against MRSA after 60 min of aPDT at 1.0 μM, and a 3.52 log₁₀ RLU reduction for <em>E. coli</em> after 30 min of PDT at 5.0 μM. The action mechanism of both cationic quinolinium-substituted porphyrins demonstrated to be dependent on the singlet oxygen production, consistent with a Type II photodynamic pathway. The use of potassium iodide (KI) as co-adjuvant led to the production of reactive iodine species (RIS), namely iodine, and increased the photodynamic effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113266
Martina Capozza , Alberto Mangia , Michela Gagliardi , Rachele Stefania , Francesca Garello , Laura Conti , Enzo Terreno
The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been well demonstrated in vitro, but in vivo studies have only shown a delay in tumour growth. Tumour recurrence is often reported in clinical trials and is usually associated with limited tumour uptake of the photosensitiser (PS). In this study, sonoporation (SNP) is utilised as a physical targeting tool to enhance the uptake of an untargeted PS in cells and tumour tissues. Using a chemometric approach, we identified the optimal sonoporation stimulus to maximise uptake and cell viability (frequency 1.05 MHz, tON (percentage of positive signal in a single pulse): 50 %, DC: 90 %, burst: 1 s, sonoporation time 1 min). We achieved a viability of 83.9 % ± 10.3, and an uptake in live cells of 53.1 % ± 6.6. The combination of sonoporation and photodynamic therapy resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. In a triple-negative breast cancer model, sonoporation combined with photodynamic therapy significantly inhibited tumour growth. For the first time, our results highlight the potential of sonoporation as a non-invasive method to increase the intratumour uptake of photosensitisers, offering a promising strategy to improve PDT efficacy.
{"title":"In situ sonoporation to enhance the tumour uptake of silicon phthalocyanine and improve PDT effectiveness in a triple negative breast cancer murine model","authors":"Martina Capozza , Alberto Mangia , Michela Gagliardi , Rachele Stefania , Francesca Garello , Laura Conti , Enzo Terreno","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been well demonstrated <em>in vitro</em>, but <em>in vivo</em> studies have only shown a delay in tumour growth. Tumour recurrence is often reported in clinical trials and is usually associated with limited tumour uptake of the photosensitiser (PS). In this study, sonoporation (SNP) is utilised as a physical targeting tool to enhance the uptake of an untargeted PS in cells and tumour tissues. Using a chemometric approach, we identified the optimal sonoporation stimulus to maximise uptake and cell viability (frequency 1.05 MHz, tON (percentage of positive signal in a single pulse): 50 %, DC: 90 %, burst: 1 s, sonoporation time 1 min). We achieved a viability of 83.9 % ± 10.3, and an uptake in live cells of 53.1 % ± 6.6. The combination of sonoporation and photodynamic therapy resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. In a triple-negative breast cancer model, sonoporation combined with photodynamic therapy significantly inhibited tumour growth. For the first time, our results highlight the potential of sonoporation as a non-invasive method to increase the intratumour uptake of photosensitisers, offering a promising strategy to improve PDT efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113243
Shuhua Fan , Jing Zhang , Yongna He , Yi Wang , Yanru Yu
Pelvic infection has emerged as a significant health risk to women, making the accurate identification of possible pathogenic bacteria and pathogens crucial for its prevention and treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for antibacterial purposes has emerged as an alternative and promising therapeutic approach for pelvic infections. In this investigation, we developed new antibacterial nanomaterials (DCMP NPs) using doxycycline (DCL), chitosan (CH), and mesoporous polydopamine (MPD) nanoparticles. Further, we evaluated the physicochemical properties of the DCMP NPs. TEM images indicated that fabricated DCMP NPs were spherical, with a particle size of 160.54 ± 4.56 nm. The findings showed that DCMP NPs (150 μg/mL) demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility in NIH3T3 cells and hemocompatibility, exhibiting remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) following blue laser irradiation (1 W/cm2, 450 nm). The antibacterial biofilm impact of DCMP NPs was assessed using Live/Dead staining. The laser-irradiated DCMP NPs demonstrated the most pronounced anti-biofilm impact. Overall, DCMP NPs effectively addressed nursing care for bacterial pelvic infections.
{"title":"Fabrication of doxycycline-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles for pelvic infection nursing care via synergistic photodynamic therapy","authors":"Shuhua Fan , Jing Zhang , Yongna He , Yi Wang , Yanru Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelvic infection has emerged as a significant health risk to women, making the accurate identification of possible pathogenic bacteria and pathogens crucial for its prevention and treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for antibacterial purposes has emerged as an alternative and promising therapeutic approach for pelvic infections. In this investigation, we developed new antibacterial nanomaterials (DCMP NPs) using doxycycline (DCL), chitosan (CH), and mesoporous polydopamine (MPD) nanoparticles. Further, we evaluated the physicochemical properties of the DCMP NPs. TEM images indicated that fabricated DCMP NPs were spherical, with a particle size of 160.54 ± 4.56 nm. The findings showed that DCMP NPs (150 μg/mL) demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility in NIH3T3 cells and hemocompatibility, exhibiting remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria (<em>E. coli</em>) and Gram-positive bacteria (<em>S. aureus</em>) following blue laser irradiation (1 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, 450 nm). The antibacterial biofilm impact of DCMP NPs was assessed using Live/Dead staining. The laser-irradiated DCMP NPs demonstrated the most pronounced anti-biofilm impact. Overall, DCMP NPs effectively addressed nursing care for bacterial pelvic infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277
Mengyan Li , Die Li , Yu Zhang , Juan Wang , Ziying Zhang , Weiqun Wang , Shaochun Chen , Lechun Lyu , Weimin Liu
Background
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UVB radiation can disrupt the normal redox balance, leading to oxidative cellular damage as well as triggering melanin synthesis by melanocytes. Currently, natural active substances are emphasized in UV protection research. This study explored the protective effect of 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (DDP), a bioactive compound from Dendrobium lindleyi Stendel, against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation and examined its specific mechanism.
Methods
To evaluate the anti- melanogenic and antioxidant activities of DDP in vitro, molecular docking was used to predict the binding conformation of DDP to tyrosinase (TYR) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Subsequently, CCK8 and cell live/dead staining were used to screen the safe concentration range. B16-F10 cells were treated with different doses of DDP before UVB light irradiation and before α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction, and the evaluation of cells included determination of melanin content, Western blotting analysis, TYR activity assay, ROS assay, DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical scavenging assays. A brown guinea pig model was used to further evaluate the protective effect of DDP on UVB-induced skin pigmentation in vivo, and compared with commercial skin care products.
Results
In the present study, Molecular docking showed that DDP binds to TYR and MC1R better than Kojic Acid. DDP was found to possess excellent anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities in vitro. DDP was effective in alleviating skin melanin accumulation induced by UVB irradiation without inflammatory side effects.
Conclusions
DDP protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms.
{"title":"3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms","authors":"Mengyan Li , Die Li , Yu Zhang , Juan Wang , Ziying Zhang , Weiqun Wang , Shaochun Chen , Lechun Lyu , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UVB radiation can disrupt the normal redox balance, leading to oxidative cellular damage as well as triggering melanin synthesis by melanocytes. Currently, natural active substances are emphasized in UV protection research. This study explored the protective effect of 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (DDP), a bioactive compound from <em>Dendrobium</em> lindleyi Stendel, against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation and examined its specific mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate the anti- melanogenic and antioxidant activities of DDP in vitro, molecular docking was used to predict the binding conformation of DDP to tyrosinase (TYR) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Subsequently, CCK8 and cell live/dead staining were used to screen the safe concentration range. B16-F10 cells were treated with different doses of DDP before UVB light irradiation and before α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction, and the evaluation of cells included determination of melanin content, Western blotting analysis, TYR activity assay, ROS assay, DPPH• and ABTS•<sup>+</sup> radical scavenging assays. A brown guinea pig model was used to further evaluate the protective effect of DDP on UVB-induced skin pigmentation in vivo, and compared with commercial skin care products.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the present study, Molecular docking showed that DDP binds to TYR and MC1R better than Kojic Acid. DDP was found to possess excellent anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities in vitro. DDP was effective in alleviating skin melanin accumulation induced by UVB irradiation without inflammatory side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DDP protects against UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation via antioxidant and anti-melanogenic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 113277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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