Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113047
Fang Yang , Song Zhang , Xiao Zhang , Chenchen Xu , Xiaoying Hou , Jinting Shang , Binlian Sun , Xiji Shu , Yuchen Liu , Yixiang Li , Haiping Wang
Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that has been demonstrated to trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative non-invasive treatment for tumors that effectively destroys tumor cells and boosts anti-tumor immune response. The ability of PDT to trigger pyroptosis and its mechanism of action are yet uncertain. In this study, we firstly verified that PDT effectively eliminates tumor cells. TEM and Western blot analysis demonstrated that tumor cells underwent pyroptosis following PDT therapy. Lipo-Ce6 mostly accumulates in the mitochondria of 4 T1 cells, and abundant ROS generated during PDT severely damage cell mitochondria, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA, triggering the inflammasome caspase-1 signaling cascade, and ultimately causing cell pyroptosis, in addition NAC (a scavenger of ROS) and EB (a scavenger of mitochondrial DNA) can effectively prevent cell pyroptosis by PDT, which indicated the key role of ROS in PDT induced pyroptosis. Moreover, we also found PDT tiggered immunogenic cell death (ICD). Fourthermore, PDT can efficiently suppress tumor growth, trigger ICD and induce cell pyroptosis in mice. The introducing of immune checkpoint inhibitor BMS202 significantly boosts the tumor inhibition rate and promotes the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. The body weight and HE.
staining of normal organs primarily indicated the safety of this combined strategy. Our study demonstrated that PDT induced cell pyroptosis through mitochondrial oxidative damage and PDT induced pyroptosis effectively boost anti-cancer immunity, the combination of PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor may be a promising clinical tumor treatment approaches.
{"title":"Liposomal chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy induces cell pyroptosis and promotes anti-tumor immune effects in breast cancer","authors":"Fang Yang , Song Zhang , Xiao Zhang , Chenchen Xu , Xiaoying Hou , Jinting Shang , Binlian Sun , Xiji Shu , Yuchen Liu , Yixiang Li , Haiping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that has been demonstrated to trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative non-invasive treatment for tumors that effectively destroys tumor cells and boosts anti-tumor immune response. The ability of PDT to trigger pyroptosis and its mechanism of action are yet uncertain. In this study, we firstly verified that PDT effectively eliminates tumor cells. TEM and Western blot analysis demonstrated that tumor cells underwent pyroptosis following PDT therapy. Lipo-Ce6 mostly accumulates in the mitochondria of 4 T1 cells, and abundant ROS generated during PDT severely damage cell mitochondria, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA, triggering the inflammasome caspase-1 signaling cascade, and ultimately causing cell pyroptosis, in addition NAC (a scavenger of ROS) and EB (a scavenger of mitochondrial DNA) can effectively prevent cell pyroptosis by PDT, which indicated the key role of ROS in PDT induced pyroptosis. Moreover, we also found PDT tiggered immunogenic cell death (ICD). Fourthermore, PDT can efficiently suppress tumor growth, trigger ICD and induce cell pyroptosis in mice. The introducing of immune checkpoint inhibitor BMS202 significantly boosts the tumor inhibition rate and promotes the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. The body weight and HE.</div><div>staining of normal organs primarily indicated the safety of this combined strategy. Our study demonstrated that PDT induced cell pyroptosis through mitochondrial oxidative damage and PDT induced pyroptosis effectively boost anti-cancer immunity, the combination of PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor may be a promising clinical tumor treatment approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113048
Mihyun Song , Heewon Yoon , Hyejin Yoon , Hyang-Mi Lee , Yoon-Jee Chae , Ji-Eun Chang
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to an anticancer effect even in untreated metastatic cancer, a phenomenon called the “abscopal effect”. Furthermore, ICD induction activates an immune response, which may synergize with immunotherapy. The objective of our research was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of combining PDT with immunotherapy. To assess in vivo anticancer efficacy and the abscopal effect, we implanted CT26 cells on both flanks of BALB/c mice. The mice were categorized into five different groups: 1) PBS, 2) immunotherapy alone, 3) PDT alone, 4) immunotherapy administered 3 days after PDT, and 5) immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT. The observed antitumor effects on the primary tumor followed this order: immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT > immunotherapy administered 3 days after PDT > PDT alone > immunotherapy alone > PBS. In metastatic tumors that were not directly treated, immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT was also the most effective. In conclusion, our study confirms that the combination of PDT with immunotherapy enhances anticancer efficacy against both primary and metastatic tumors. Additionally, administering immunotherapy immediately after PDT is more effective than delayed administration.
{"title":"Enhanced anticancer efficacy of photodynamic therapy in combination with immunotherapy","authors":"Mihyun Song , Heewon Yoon , Hyejin Yoon , Hyang-Mi Lee , Yoon-Jee Chae , Ji-Eun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to an anticancer effect even in untreated metastatic cancer, a phenomenon called the “abscopal effect”. Furthermore, ICD induction activates an immune response, which may synergize with immunotherapy. The objective of our research was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of combining PDT with immunotherapy. To assess <em>in vivo</em> anticancer efficacy and the abscopal effect, we implanted CT26 cells on both flanks of BALB/c mice. The mice were categorized into five different groups: 1) PBS, 2) immunotherapy alone, 3) PDT alone, 4) immunotherapy administered 3 days after PDT, and 5) immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT. The observed antitumor effects on the primary tumor followed this order: immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT > immunotherapy administered 3 days after PDT > PDT alone > immunotherapy alone > PBS. In metastatic tumors that were not directly treated, immunotherapy administered immediately after PDT was also the most effective. In conclusion, our study confirms that the combination of PDT with immunotherapy enhances anticancer efficacy against both primary and metastatic tumors. Additionally, administering immunotherapy immediately after PDT is more effective than delayed administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113046
Anass Benziane , Veronika Huntošová , Viktória Pevná , Luboš Zauška , György Vámosi , Andrej Hovan , Gabriela Zelenková , Vladimír Zeleňák , Miroslav Almáši
Transport systems are developed to improve the solubility of the transported drug, increase its stability, enhance its pharmacological activity and target cancer while minimising side effects. In this work, nanoporous silica particles that can be functionalized and loaded with a large number of hydrophobic molecules are proposed. The designed system was modified with folic acid to target the folic acid receptors of cancer cells. This modification enabled a higher uptake of the drug by the cells. Hypericin was selected as a hydrophobic molecule/drug with photodynamic properties suitable for diagnosis and therapy. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the targeting and distribution of hypericin in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of folic acid and hypericin has been shown to form singlet oxygen and to have a synergistic effect in improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. The functionalisation of the particles proposed in this work holds great potential for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs to other types of cancer cells with increased expression of the folic acid receptor to which the particles can be attached.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of folic acid and hypericin administration to improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy via folate receptors","authors":"Anass Benziane , Veronika Huntošová , Viktória Pevná , Luboš Zauška , György Vámosi , Andrej Hovan , Gabriela Zelenková , Vladimír Zeleňák , Miroslav Almáši","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport systems are developed to improve the solubility of the transported drug, increase its stability, enhance its pharmacological activity and target cancer while minimising side effects. In this work, nanoporous silica particles that can be functionalized and loaded with a large number of hydrophobic molecules are proposed. The designed system was modified with folic acid to target the folic acid receptors of cancer cells. This modification enabled a higher uptake of the drug by the cells. Hypericin was selected as a hydrophobic molecule/drug with photodynamic properties suitable for diagnosis and therapy. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the targeting and distribution of hypericin in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of folic acid and hypericin has been shown to form singlet oxygen and to have a synergistic effect in improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. The functionalisation of the particles proposed in this work holds great potential for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs to other types of cancer cells with increased expression of the folic acid receptor to which the particles can be attached.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113045
Jiahui Li , Guodong Wang , Yuhan Mai , Wei Zhang , Hailong Zhao , Yang Zhou , Liyun Chen , Yuxin Lin , Longguang Jiang , Peng Xu , Xiaolei Zhou , Cai Yuan , Mingdong Huang
Lysosomes are promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy due to their essential function and increased vulnerability in cancer cells. Herein, we report a new category of cationic photosensitizers (compounds 1–3) containing a quaternary ammonium group. These photosensitizers exhibited selective uptake on cancer cells (about three times compared to the normal cells), lysosome-specific localization (Pearson's coefficients greater than 0.85), remarkable phototoxicity (IC50 are in the range of dozens of nM), and at the same time, favorable biosafety. Mechanically, these tumor-targeting photosensitizers function as light-controlled “bombs”, inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), ultimately resulting in apoptosis of cancer cells. In vivo, compound 1 (a representative of these novel photosensitizers) accumulated predominantly in and visualized tumors implanted on mice. Upon exposure to near-infrared light irradiation (50 J/cm2), the compound effectively ablated the tumor at a low dose of 2 mg/kg. Our results demonstrate a novel class of photosensitizers showing potential for integrated cancer diagnosis and photodynamic treatment.
{"title":"Lysosome-localization and tumor-targeting of novel photosensitizers enhance the ablation of cancer","authors":"Jiahui Li , Guodong Wang , Yuhan Mai , Wei Zhang , Hailong Zhao , Yang Zhou , Liyun Chen , Yuxin Lin , Longguang Jiang , Peng Xu , Xiaolei Zhou , Cai Yuan , Mingdong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lysosomes are promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy due to their essential function and increased vulnerability in cancer cells. Herein, we report a new category of cationic photosensitizers (compounds 1–3) containing a quaternary ammonium group. These photosensitizers exhibited selective uptake on cancer cells (about three times compared to the normal cells), lysosome-specific localization (Pearson's coefficients greater than 0.85), remarkable phototoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> are in the range of dozens of nM), and at the same time, favorable biosafety. Mechanically, these tumor-targeting photosensitizers function as light-controlled “bombs”, inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), ultimately resulting in apoptosis of cancer cells. <em>In vivo</em>, compound 1 (a representative of these novel photosensitizers) accumulated predominantly in and visualized tumors implanted on mice. Upon exposure to near-infrared light irradiation (50 J/cm<sup>2</sup>), the compound effectively ablated the tumor at a low dose of 2 mg/kg. Our results demonstrate a novel class of photosensitizers showing potential for integrated cancer diagnosis and photodynamic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113049
Qijia Sun , Aoqing Jia , Min Zhao , Ke Wang , Tingting Sun , Zhigang Xie
Phototherapeutic antimicrobials, including photodynamic and photothermal antimicrobials, are considered effective alternatives for antibiotic strategy due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low risk of resistance. Here, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivative containing triphenylamine groups was co-assembled with Pluronic F-127 (F-127) to form nanoparticles (BICF NPs). BICF NPs have excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and are demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting and disrupting bacterial biofilms, thereby promoting the healing of subcutaneous abscesses. This work provides a new avenue for antibiotic replacement therapy.
{"title":"A BODIPY derivative for PDT/PTT synergistic treatment of bacterial infections","authors":"Qijia Sun , Aoqing Jia , Min Zhao , Ke Wang , Tingting Sun , Zhigang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phototherapeutic antimicrobials, including photodynamic and photothermal antimicrobials, are considered effective alternatives for antibiotic strategy due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low risk of resistance. Here, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivative containing triphenylamine groups was co-assembled with Pluronic F-127 (F-127) to form nanoparticles (BICF NPs). BICF NPs have excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and are demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting and disrupting bacterial biofilms, thereby promoting the healing of subcutaneous abscesses. This work provides a new avenue for antibiotic replacement therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113044
Sourav Mondal, Sangheeta Bhattacharjee, Jayita Biswas, Benu Brata Das, Rupa Mukhopadhyay
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which leads to the formation of mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6–4 photoproducts (6–4 PPs), can be potentially fatal. The way UVA forms DNA lesions and alters DNA topology and mechanics is still unclear, unlike the cases of UVC and UVB. Herein, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and AFM-based Force Spectroscopy (AFS) have been employed to investigate the topological and mechanical properties of single DNA molecules, bare or E. coli cell-encapsulated, with or without UVA (solar or from UV lamp) treatment. It is observed that both the dsDNA transitions, i.e., ‘B' to stretched ‘S' conformation and melting transition, are lost in UVA dose-dependent manner. Presumably, this is due to formation of the CPDs and 6–4 lesions that form inter-strand cross-links, causing dsDNA strand separation difficult. Gradual reduction in DNA extension length upon prolonged treatment with UVA-only radiation or sunlight (where, 95 % of solar UV is UVA) also indicates formation of the inter-strand cross-links, since such cross-links can reduce DNA flexibility and increase DNA stiffness. Although these observations are common for both bare and cell-encapsulated DNA, the UVA dose at which the distinctive reversible B-S and melting transition faded away varied widely from 240 kJ/m2 (bare DNA) to 900 kJ/m2 (cellular DNA). The UV-induced DNA damage was also evident in observation of increased number of open circular and linearized topologies, as formed due to single-strand and double-strand breaks, respectively, at damage sites, upon combined action of the apurinic/apyrimidinic site-specific endonucleases IV and V. The extent of DNA damage was further quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is found to be correlated to the single molecule information.
暴露在紫外线辐射下会形成致突变和细胞毒性 DNA 病变，如环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPDs）和 6-4 光致产物（6-4 PPs），有可能致命。与紫外线（UVC）和紫外线波长（UVB）不同，UVA 形成 DNA 病变以及改变 DNA 拓扑结构和力学的方式尚不清楚。在此，我们采用原子力显微镜（AFM）和基于 AFM 的力谱仪（AFS）来研究单个 DNA 分子的拓扑学和力学特性，这些 DNA 分子既可以是裸露的，也可以是封装在大肠杆菌细胞中的；既可以经过 UVA（太阳能或紫外线灯）处理，也可以不经过 UVA 处理。研究发现，dsDNA 的两种转变，即从 "B "构象到拉伸 "S "构象以及熔化转变，都会随着 UVA 剂量的增加而消失。这可能是由于 CPDs 和 6-4 病变形成了链间交联，导致 dsDNA 链难以分离。长时间接受纯 UVA 辐射或阳光照射（其中 95% 的太阳紫外线为 UVA）后，DNA 延伸长度逐渐缩短，这也表明链间交联的形成，因为这种交联会降低 DNA 的柔韧性，增加 DNA 的硬度。虽然裸 DNA 和细胞包被 DNA 都能观察到这些现象，但使独特的可逆 B-S 和熔化转变消失的 UVA 剂量差别很大，从 240 kJ/m2（裸 DNA）到 900 kJ/m2（细胞 DNA）不等。紫外线诱导的 DNA 损伤还表现在，在嘌呤/嘧啶位点特异性内切酶 IV 和 V 的联合作用下，在损伤位点处由于单链和双链断裂而分别形成的开放环形拓扑和线形拓扑数量增加。
{"title":"Alterations in the mechanical properties of single dsDNA molecules, bare or cell-encapsulated, upon exposure to UVA-only radiation and sunlight","authors":"Sourav Mondal, Sangheeta Bhattacharjee, Jayita Biswas, Benu Brata Das, Rupa Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which leads to the formation of mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6–4 photoproducts (6–4 PPs), can be potentially fatal. The way UVA forms DNA lesions and alters DNA topology and mechanics is still unclear, unlike the cases of UVC and UVB. Herein, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and AFM-based Force Spectroscopy (AFS) have been employed to investigate the topological and mechanical properties of single DNA molecules, bare or <em>E. coli</em> cell-encapsulated, with or without UVA (solar or from UV lamp) treatment. It is observed that both the dsDNA transitions, i.e., ‘B' to stretched ‘S' conformation and melting transition, are lost in UVA dose-dependent manner. Presumably, this is due to formation of the CPDs and 6–4 lesions that form inter-strand cross-links, causing dsDNA strand separation difficult. Gradual reduction in DNA extension length upon prolonged treatment with UVA-only radiation or sunlight (where, 95 % of solar UV is UVA) also indicates formation of the inter-strand cross-links, since such cross-links can reduce DNA flexibility and increase DNA stiffness. Although these observations are common for both bare and cell-encapsulated DNA, the UVA dose at which the distinctive reversible B-S and melting transition faded away varied widely from 240 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> (bare DNA) to 900 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> (cellular DNA). The UV-induced DNA damage was also evident in observation of increased number of open circular and linearized topologies, as formed due to single-strand and double-strand breaks, respectively, at damage sites, upon combined action of the apurinic/apyrimidinic site-specific endonucleases IV and V. The extent of DNA damage was further quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is found to be correlated to the single molecule information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113043
Patricia Gómez-Villegas , Miguel Pérez-Rodríguez , Jesús M. Porres , José C. Prados , Consolación Melguizo , Javier Vigara , Ignacio Moreno-Garrido , Rosa León
Salinity has a strong influence on microorganisms distribution patterns and consequently on the relevance of photoheterotrophic metabolism, which since the discovery of proteorhodopsins is considered the main contributor to solar energy capture on the surface of the oceans. Solar salterns constitute an exceptional system for the simultaneous study of several salt concentrations, ranging from seawater, the most abundant environment on Earth, to saturated brine, one of the most extreme, which has been scarcely studied. In this study, pigment composition across the salinity gradient has been analyzed by spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC, and the influence of salinity on microbial diversity of the three domains of life has been evaluated by a metataxonomic study targeting hypervariable regions of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Furthermore, based on the chlorophyll a and retinal content, we have estimated the relative abundance of rhodopsins and photosynthetic reaction centers, concluding that there is a strong correlation between the retinal/chlorophyll a ratio and salinity. Retinal-based photoheterotrophy is particularly important for prokaryotic survival in hypersaline environments, surpassing the sunlight energy captured by photosynthesis, and being more relevant as salinity increases. This fact has implications for understanding the survival of microorganisms in extreme conditions and the energy dynamics in solar salter ponds.
盐度对微生物的分布模式有很大影响，因此对光异养新陈代谢的相关性也有很大影响，自从发现蛋白光蛋白以来，光异养新陈代谢被认为是海洋表面捕获太阳能的主要因素。日光盐场是同时研究几种盐浓度的特殊系统，从海水（地球上最丰富的环境）到饱和盐水（最极端的环境之一），几乎没有对其进行过研究。本研究通过分光光度法和 RP-HPLC 分析了盐度梯度上的色素组成，并通过针对 16S 和 18S rRNA 基因超变区的元分类研究评估了盐度对三个生命领域微生物多样性的影响。此外，根据叶绿素 a 和视网膜含量，我们估算了视网膜蛋白和光合反应中心的相对丰度，得出视网膜/叶绿素 a 比值与盐度之间存在密切联系的结论。基于视网膜的光合作用对于原核生物在高盐度环境中的生存尤为重要，其作用超过了光合作用捕获的阳光能量，而且随着盐度的增加，这种作用的相关性更大。这一事实对了解微生物在极端条件下的生存以及日晒盐池的能量动态具有重要意义。
{"title":"Metataxonomy and pigments analyses unravel microbial diversity and the relevance of retinal-based photoheterotrophy at different salinities in the Odiel Salterns (SW, Spain)","authors":"Patricia Gómez-Villegas , Miguel Pérez-Rodríguez , Jesús M. Porres , José C. Prados , Consolación Melguizo , Javier Vigara , Ignacio Moreno-Garrido , Rosa León","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity has a strong influence on microorganisms distribution patterns and consequently on the relevance of photoheterotrophic metabolism, which since the discovery of proteorhodopsins is considered the main contributor to solar energy capture on the surface of the oceans. Solar salterns constitute an exceptional system for the simultaneous study of several salt concentrations, ranging from seawater, the most abundant environment on Earth, to saturated brine, one of the most extreme, which has been scarcely studied. In this study, pigment composition across the salinity gradient has been analyzed by spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC, and the influence of salinity on microbial diversity of the three domains of life has been evaluated by a metataxonomic study targeting hypervariable regions of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Furthermore, based on the chlorophyll <em>a</em> and retinal content, we have estimated the relative abundance of rhodopsins and photosynthetic reaction centers, concluding that there is a strong correlation between the retinal/chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio and salinity. Retinal-based photoheterotrophy is particularly important for prokaryotic survival in hypersaline environments, surpassing the sunlight energy captured by photosynthesis, and being more relevant as salinity increases. This fact has implications for understanding the survival of microorganisms in extreme conditions and the energy dynamics in solar salter ponds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 113043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113041
Bruna H. de Oliveira , Elisa F. Lins , Naiara F. Kunde , Afonso S.I. Salgado , Leidiane M. Martins , Franciane Bobinski , Willians F. Vieira , Paolo Cassano , Anna Quialheiro , Daniel F. Martins
Background
There is a significant lack of therapeutic options for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is rapidly becoming a global epidemic due to aging. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) involves delivering near-infrared light (NIR) to the scalp, targeting cortical areas of the brain. NIR t-PBM has recently emerged as a potential therapy for various neurodegenerative conditions, including memory issues.
Aims
This study aimed to evaluate cognition scores (primary outcome), depression, anxiety, resilience scores, neuroplasticity, and neurodegeneration biomarkers (secondary outcomes) in individuals with MCI undergoing t-PBM therapy or receiving a placebo.
Materials and Methods
A total of 93 older adult individuals with MCI were randomly assigned to either a t-PBM (n = 47) or Placebo (n = 46) group. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 60 days post-treatment, and a 150-day follow-up. We also measured serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroplasticity biomarker, as well as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which are neurodegeneration biomarkers. Intervention effects were analyzed using repeated measures (RM) two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Fischer's exact test and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were also applied.
Results
Of the 93 older adults individuals invited to participate, 76 (t-PBM: 40, placebo: 36) completed the study. The t-PBM significantly improved cognition as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) compared to placebo (p = 0.0301). The delta values for MoCA scores were 3.20 in the t-PBM group and 1.97 in the placebo group. This effect persisted until the three-month follow-up, accompanied by increased BDNF levels in the t-PBM group but not in the placebo group (p = 0.0046). The delta values for BDNF were 821.94 in the t-PBM group and 359.41 in the placebo group. t-PBM did not alter depression, anxiety, resilience scores, nor the levels of NSE and S100B in individuals with MCI.
Conclusion
The t-PBM increases cognitive function and BDNF levels in adults with MCI. Its application as an adjunctive treatment may play a crucial role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Transcranial photobiomodulation increases cognition and serum BDNF levels in adults over 50 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Bruna H. de Oliveira , Elisa F. Lins , Naiara F. Kunde , Afonso S.I. Salgado , Leidiane M. Martins , Franciane Bobinski , Willians F. Vieira , Paolo Cassano , Anna Quialheiro , Daniel F. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a significant lack of therapeutic options for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is rapidly becoming a global epidemic due to aging. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) involves delivering near-infrared light (NIR) to the scalp, targeting cortical areas of the brain. NIR t-PBM has recently emerged as a potential therapy for various neurodegenerative conditions, including memory issues.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate cognition scores (primary outcome), depression, anxiety, resilience scores, neuroplasticity, and neurodegeneration biomarkers (secondary outcomes) in individuals with MCI undergoing t-PBM therapy or receiving a placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A total of 93 older adult individuals with MCI were randomly assigned to either a t-PBM (<em>n</em> = 47) or Placebo (<em>n</em> = 46) group. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 60 days post-treatment, and a 150-day follow-up. We also measured serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroplasticity biomarker, as well as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which are neurodegeneration biomarkers. Intervention effects were analyzed using repeated measures (RM) two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Fischer's exact test and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were also applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 93 older adults individuals invited to participate, 76 (t-PBM: 40, placebo: 36) completed the study. The t-PBM significantly improved cognition as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) compared to placebo (<em>p</em> = 0.0301). The delta values for MoCA scores were 3.20 in the t-PBM group and 1.97 in the placebo group. This effect persisted until the three-month follow-up, accompanied by increased BDNF levels in the t-PBM group but not in the placebo group (<em>p</em> = 0.0046). The delta values for BDNF were 821.94 in the t-PBM group and 359.41 in the placebo group. t-PBM did not alter depression, anxiety, resilience scores, nor the levels of NSE and S100B in individuals with MCI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The t-PBM increases cognitive function and BDNF levels in adults with MCI. Its application as an adjunctive treatment may play a crucial role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 113041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cellular therapy using adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (at-MSCs) has garnered attention for the treatment of bone defects. Therefore, preconditioning strategies to enhance the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs could optimize cell therapy outcomes, and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has emerged as an effective, noninvasive, and low-cost alternative. This study explored the impacts of PBM on at-MSCs differentiation and the subsequent repair of bone defects treated with cell injection. Rat at-MSCs were cultured and irradiated (at-MSCsPBM) following the PBM protocol (660 nm; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm2; 0.14 J; 5 J/cm2). Cellular differentiation was assessed based on the expression of gene and protein markers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using fluorescence. At-MSCsPBM were injected into 5-mm calvarial lesions, and bone formation was analyzed using micro-CT and histological evaluations. At-MSCs were used as control. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA or t-test. At-MSCsPBM exhibited high levels of gene and protein runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) expression. PBM increased ALP activity and significantly reduced ROS levels. In addition, PBM increased the expression of Wnt pathway–associated genes. In vivo, there was an increase in the morphometric parameters, including bone volume, percentage of bone volume, bone surface area, and trabecular number, in at-MSCsPBM-treated defects compared with those in the control. These findings suggest that PBM enhances the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs, thereby supporting the advancement of improved cellular therapies for bone regeneration.
{"title":"Enhancing osteoblast differentiation and bone repair: The priming effect of photobiomodulation on adipose stromal cells","authors":"Natália Pieretti Bueno , Fernanda Campos Hertel , Hiskell Francine Fernandes e Oliveira , Praveen Arany , Marcio Mateus Beloti , Márcia Martins Marques , Emanuela Prado Ferraz","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellular therapy using adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (at-MSCs) has garnered attention for the treatment of bone defects. Therefore, preconditioning strategies to enhance the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs could optimize cell therapy outcomes, and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has emerged as an effective, noninvasive, and low-cost alternative. This study explored the impacts of PBM on at-MSCs differentiation and the subsequent repair of bone defects treated with cell injection. Rat at-MSCs were cultured and irradiated (at-MSCs<sup>PBM</sup>) following the PBM protocol (660 nm; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm<sup>2</sup>; 0.14 J; 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>). Cellular differentiation was assessed based on the expression of gene and protein markers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using fluorescence. At-MSCs<sup>PBM</sup> were injected into 5-mm calvarial lesions, and bone formation was analyzed using micro-CT and histological evaluations. At-MSCs were used as control. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA or <em>t</em>-test. At-MSCs<sup>PBM</sup> exhibited high levels of gene and protein runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) expression. PBM increased ALP activity and significantly reduced ROS levels. In addition, PBM increased the expression of Wnt pathway–associated genes. <em>In vivo</em>, there was an increase in the morphometric parameters, including bone volume, percentage of bone volume, bone surface area, and trabecular number, in at-MSCs<sup>PBM</sup>-treated defects compared with those in the control. These findings suggest that PBM enhances the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs, thereby supporting the advancement of improved cellular therapies for bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 113040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113042
Xing Ren , Yanan Sun , Yuxin Zhang , Na Zhou , Yunong Wang , Lishuang Li , Xinyu Gao , Yuman Ma , Xianyu Li , Zhe Shu , Honghui He , Yi Wang
UVA-induced facial fluorescence (UVAF) is recognized as an objective measurement technique to quantify the severity of acne. However, notable inconsistencies in quantitative outcomes have been observed in various studies, possibly due to the fact that different colors of fluorescence represent different pathophysiological implications. This study investigated the pathophysiological importance of UVAF color differences and improved its reliability in assessing acne severity. MIDOO Smart Skin Imager was used to capture UVAF and analyze the correlation between fluorescence colors and acne lesions. Techniques such as two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, western blot, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to examine the biochemical composition and structure of comedonal plugs and follicular casts associated with different fluorescence colors. We found that green fluorescence correlates with non-inflammatory acne lesions (comedones), while orange-red fluorescence shows no correlation with either type of lesion. Green fluorescence is associated with higher levels of keratin, indicating keratinization, while orange-red fluorescence is associated with porphyrin from S. epidermidis. UVAF color differences - orange-red are from porphyrins and green from keratin. This distinction helps to understand the structural and physiological bases of facial fluorescence, with potential implications for clinical evaluations of acne.
{"title":"Acne-related UVA-induced facial fluorescence: An exploratory study from physiological properties to tissue structure information","authors":"Xing Ren , Yanan Sun , Yuxin Zhang , Na Zhou , Yunong Wang , Lishuang Li , Xinyu Gao , Yuman Ma , Xianyu Li , Zhe Shu , Honghui He , Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UVA-induced facial fluorescence (UVAF) is recognized as an objective measurement technique to quantify the severity of acne. However, notable inconsistencies in quantitative outcomes have been observed in various studies, possibly due to the fact that different colors of fluorescence represent different pathophysiological implications. This study investigated the pathophysiological importance of UVAF color differences and improved its reliability in assessing acne severity. MIDOO Smart Skin Imager was used to capture UVAF and analyze the correlation between fluorescence colors and acne lesions. Techniques such as two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, western blot, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to examine the biochemical composition and structure of comedonal plugs and follicular casts associated with different fluorescence colors. We found that green fluorescence correlates with non-inflammatory acne lesions (comedones), while orange-red fluorescence shows no correlation with either type of lesion. Green fluorescence is associated with higher levels of keratin, indicating keratinization, while orange-red fluorescence is associated with porphyrin from <em>S. epidermidis</em>. UVAF color differences - orange-red are from porphyrins and green from keratin. This distinction helps to understand the structural and physiological bases of facial fluorescence, with potential implications for clinical evaluations of acne.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 113042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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