Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113100
Nan Zhao, Xin Nie, Yizhen Yan, Zhao Liu, Xueqing Chen, Peng Shu, Jiangming Zhong
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) causes certain side effects to the skin, and their accumulation to a certain extent can lead to accelerated aging of the skin. Recent studies suggest that α-arbutin may be useful in various disorders such as hyperpigmentation disorders, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. However, the role of α-arbutin in skin photodamage is unclear. In this study, under UVA-induced photodamage conditions, α-arbutin treated mouse skin fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) can repair DNA damage and resist apoptosis by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) to orchestra AKT/GSK3β pathway. Meanwhile, α-arbutin can also regulate collagen metabolism and facilitate the replenishment of collagen by targeting the phosphorylation of SMAD3 to mediate the TGFβ/SMAD pathway in NIH-3T3. In conclusion, we found that α-arbutin can mitigate the detrimental effects of skin photodamage induced by UVA irradiation, and provides a theoretical basis for the use of α-arbutin in the treatment of skin photodamage.
{"title":"α-arbutin prevents UVA-induced skin photodamage via alleviating DNA damage and collagen degradation in NIH-3T3 cells","authors":"Nan Zhao, Xin Nie, Yizhen Yan, Zhao Liu, Xueqing Chen, Peng Shu, Jiangming Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet radiation (UV) causes certain side effects to the skin, and their accumulation to a certain extent can lead to accelerated aging of the skin. Recent studies suggest that α-arbutin may be useful in various disorders such as hyperpigmentation disorders, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. However, the role of α-arbutin in skin photodamage is unclear. In this study, under UVA-induced photodamage conditions, α-arbutin treated mouse skin fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) can repair DNA damage and resist apoptosis by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) to orchestra AKT/GSK3β pathway. Meanwhile, α-arbutin can also regulate collagen metabolism and facilitate the replenishment of collagen by targeting the phosphorylation of SMAD3 to mediate the TGFβ/SMAD pathway in NIH-3T3. In conclusion, we found that α-arbutin can mitigate the detrimental effects of skin photodamage induced by UVA irradiation, and provides a theoretical basis for the use of α-arbutin in the treatment of skin photodamage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113120
Yichao Huang , Qian He , Peipei Zhang , Juxingsi Song , Yangkai Wang , Shaoqian Zhu , Yongfei Lv , Dayuan Zhou , Yanan Hu , Liming Zhang , Guoyan Liu , Qianqian Wang
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) causes oxidative stress, which is implicated in skin damage and photoaging. Antioxidant peptides exhibit protective effects against UVB-induced oxidative stress and are thus regarded as potential competitors compared to synthetic antioxidants for cosmetics. In the present study, we provided a discovery pipeline for screening and modifying marine-derived antioxidant peptides, and successfully identified and characterized three novel modified peptides (WP5, LW5 and YY6) with strong antioxidant abilities. Their scavenging activities on 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were higher than those of glutathione (GSH) (ABTS·: 71.12 ± 3.58 %, 67.63 ± 1.65 % and 68.51 ± 0.54 % by WP5, LW5 and YY6, respectively, vs 61.51 ± 1.02 % by GSH; ·OH: 52.15 ± 1.99 %, 51.25 ± 1.29 % and 53.06 ± 2.23 % by WP5, LW5 and YY6, respectively, vs 42.69 ± 1.18 % by GSH). The modified peptides can effectively penetrate cell membrane and significantly enhance cell viability against UVB-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, the modified peptides decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in UVB-induced cell inflammatory response, exhibiting a potent anti-inflammatory activity. Further investigation into the molecular mechanism revealed that the modified peptides not only decreased cell apoptosis by down-regulating the apoptosis factors Bax/Bcl-2 and c-PARP, but also increased the antioxidant capacity of HaCaT cells by interrupting the interaction between Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and ultimately promoting Nrf2 activation. The findings suggest a promising strategy for accelerating the discovery of antioxidant peptides and cell-penetrating peptides, providing valuable insights for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Single amino acid substitution analogs of marine antioxidant peptides with membrane permeability exert a marked protective effect against ultraviolet-B induced damage","authors":"Yichao Huang , Qian He , Peipei Zhang , Juxingsi Song , Yangkai Wang , Shaoqian Zhu , Yongfei Lv , Dayuan Zhou , Yanan Hu , Liming Zhang , Guoyan Liu , Qianqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet-B (UVB) causes oxidative stress, which is implicated in skin damage and photoaging. Antioxidant peptides exhibit protective effects against UVB-induced oxidative stress and are thus regarded as potential competitors compared to synthetic antioxidants for cosmetics. In the present study, we provided a discovery pipeline for screening and modifying marine-derived antioxidant peptides, and successfully identified and characterized three novel modified peptides (WP5, LW5 and YY6) with strong antioxidant abilities. Their scavenging activities on 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were higher than those of glutathione (GSH) (ABTS·: 71.12 ± 3.58 %, 67.63 ± 1.65 % and 68.51 ± 0.54 % by WP5, LW5 and YY6, respectively, vs 61.51 ± 1.02 % by GSH; ·OH: 52.15 ± 1.99 %, 51.25 ± 1.29 % and 53.06 ± 2.23 % by WP5, LW5 and YY6, respectively, vs 42.69 ± 1.18 % by GSH). The modified peptides can effectively penetrate cell membrane and significantly enhance cell viability against UVB-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, the modified peptides decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in UVB-induced cell inflammatory response, exhibiting a potent anti-inflammatory activity. Further investigation into the molecular mechanism revealed that the modified peptides not only decreased cell apoptosis by down-regulating the apoptosis factors Bax/Bcl-2 and c-PARP, but also increased the antioxidant capacity of HaCaT cells by interrupting the interaction between Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and ultimately promoting Nrf2 activation. The findings suggest a promising strategy for accelerating the discovery of antioxidant peptides and cell-penetrating peptides, providing valuable insights for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic method for cancer treatment. Indocyanine green (ICG) is on the other hand an FDA-approved fluorescent dye that has been widely used in medical imaging in the near-infrared (NIR), and lately recognized as an agent to induce photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the hydrophilicity of ALA and rapid degradation of ICG in aqueous or physiological media as well as their instability limit their clinical application. Besides, the combination of PDT and PTT is a promising alternative to a single therapy approach. Herein, electrostatic binding of ALA to ICG is proposed to bypass such handicaps and provide enhanced therapeutic outcomes with simultaneous PDT and PTT combination. ICG-ALA exhibited excellent biocompatibility up to 50 μg ICG/mL-10 mM ALA in the dark in both SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with higher cell uptake compared to free ALA or ICG. ICG-ALA treatment coupled with 640/808 nm 5 min co-irradiation caused significantly stronger phototoxicity in both cancer cell lines at very low concentrations, reaching near complete loss of viability at 2.5 μg ICG /mL-0.5 mM ALA equivalent concentration of the ICG-ALA. The temperature increase observed during irradiation of the cells and the elevated oxidative stress resulting in the release of caspase 3/7 agrees well with the onset of PTT and PDT. In addition, ICG-ALA demonstrates visualization of cancer cells in both NIR (ICG) and visible (PpIX) regions allowing imaging-guided phototherapy.
{"title":"ICG-ALA complex for improved phototherapy of cancer","authors":"Mahshid Hashemkhani , Alphan Sennaroğlu , Havva Yağci Acar","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic method for cancer treatment. Indocyanine green (ICG) is on the other hand an FDA-approved fluorescent dye that has been widely used in medical imaging in the near-infrared (NIR), and lately recognized as an agent to induce photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the hydrophilicity of ALA and rapid degradation of ICG in aqueous or physiological media as well as their instability limit their clinical application. Besides, the combination of PDT and PTT is a promising alternative to a single therapy approach. Herein, electrostatic binding of ALA to ICG is proposed to bypass such handicaps and provide enhanced therapeutic outcomes with simultaneous PDT and PTT combination. ICG-ALA exhibited excellent biocompatibility up to 50 μg ICG/mL-10 mM ALA in the dark in both SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with higher cell uptake compared to free ALA or ICG. ICG-ALA treatment coupled with 640/808 nm 5 min co-irradiation caused significantly stronger phototoxicity in both cancer cell lines at very low concentrations, reaching near complete loss of viability at 2.5 μg ICG /mL-0.5 mM ALA equivalent concentration of the ICG-ALA. The temperature increase observed during irradiation of the cells and the elevated oxidative stress resulting in the release of caspase 3/7 agrees well with the onset of PTT and PDT. In addition, ICG-ALA demonstrates visualization of cancer cells in both NIR (ICG) and visible (PpIX) regions allowing imaging-guided phototherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113119
Qiqi Fu , Jiali Yang , Hui Jiang , Haokuan Qin , Angze Li , Longfei Huo , Muqing Liu
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained attention as a kind of anti-pain or anti-inflammation therapy, yet its efficacy in mitigating the symptoms and underlying metabolic disturbances of primary dysmenorrhea remains underexplored. Here, 630 nm light reduced menstrual pain and prostaglandin F2a/prostaglandin E2 dysregulation, regulated oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels, and improved uterus damage in oxytocin-induced mice. Notably, pulsed wave (PW) treatment exhibited superior efficacy compared to continuous wave application. Hence, this research focused on the effects of 630 nm PW on oxytocin-induced mice by examining changes in the uterine transcriptome and plasma metabolome. Results from integrated analyses revealed significant modifications primarily in antioxidant and lipid metabolism pathways, alongside shifts in biomarkers related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation of critical genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the suppression of uterine smooth muscle contractions and lipid overaccumulation. These findings support the potential of 630 nm PW PBM as a viable option for clinical interventions in dysmenorrhea management.
{"title":"Pulsed red light photobiomodulation ameliorates oxytocin-induced primary dysmenorrhea in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and lipid accumulation","authors":"Qiqi Fu , Jiali Yang , Hui Jiang , Haokuan Qin , Angze Li , Longfei Huo , Muqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained attention as a kind of anti-pain or anti-inflammation therapy, yet its efficacy in mitigating the symptoms and underlying metabolic disturbances of primary dysmenorrhea remains underexplored. Here, 630 nm light reduced menstrual pain and prostaglandin F<sub>2a</sub>/prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> dysregulation, regulated oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels, and improved uterus damage in oxytocin-induced mice. Notably, pulsed wave (PW) treatment exhibited superior efficacy compared to continuous wave application. Hence, this research focused on the effects of 630 nm PW on oxytocin-induced mice by examining changes in the uterine transcriptome and plasma metabolome. Results from integrated analyses revealed significant modifications primarily in antioxidant and lipid metabolism pathways, alongside shifts in biomarkers related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation of critical genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the suppression of uterine smooth muscle contractions and lipid overaccumulation. These findings support the potential of 630 nm PW PBM as a viable option for clinical interventions in dysmenorrhea management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113116
Isabelle Almeida de Lima , Caio de Azevedo Lima , Sarah Raquel de Annunzio , Fernanda de Oliveira , Silvio Silvério da Silva , Carla Raquel Fontana , Valéria de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light with a photosensitizing agent to target and destroy abnormal cells or pathogens, offering a non-invasive and precise approach. Applying microbial dyes in PDT presents a great opportunity because these compounds may absorb specific wavelengths of light, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce oxidative stress, leading to cell or microbial death. This study evaluated the extract of Talaromyces amestolkiae containing azaphilone red dyes obtained from cultivation process as photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Initially the crude extract was obtained in incubator shaker varying the culture media composition. Following, the crude extract containing the red dyes exhibited non-toxicity in dark conditions across all concentrations tested. PDT experiments with different amounts of the crude extract at a light dose of 80 J.cm-2 and upon irradiation at 460 nm was studied. A complete reduction of Escherichia coli and approximately 2 log10 reductions of Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes and Enterococcus faecalis was achieved using 25 % (v.v-1) of the crude extract while 50 % (v.v-1) of the crude extract led to a complete reduction of both E. coli and S. aureus, and around 5 log10 reductions of C. acnes and E. faecalis. Importantly, minimal photodegradation of the PS occurred during irradiation across all concentrations studied. These findings highlight the potential of T. amestolkiae-derived red dyes extract for use in aPDT, demonstrating non-toxicity in the absence of light, good aqueous solubility, high photostability, and strong microbial reduction capabilities under specific light conditions.
{"title":"Fungal derived dye as potential photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","authors":"Isabelle Almeida de Lima , Caio de Azevedo Lima , Sarah Raquel de Annunzio , Fernanda de Oliveira , Silvio Silvério da Silva , Carla Raquel Fontana , Valéria de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light with a photosensitizing agent to target and destroy abnormal cells or pathogens, offering a non-invasive and precise approach. Applying microbial dyes in PDT presents a great opportunity because these compounds may absorb specific wavelengths of light, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce oxidative stress, leading to cell or microbial death. This study evaluated the extract of <em>Talaromyces amestolkiae</em> containing azaphilone red dyes obtained from cultivation process as photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Initially the crude extract was obtained in incubator shaker varying the culture media composition. Following, the crude extract containing the red dyes exhibited non-toxicity in dark conditions across all concentrations tested. PDT experiments with different amounts of the crude extract at a light dose of 80 J.cm<sup>-2</sup> and upon irradiation at 460 nm was studied. A complete reduction of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and approximately 2 log<sub>10</sub> reductions of <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> was achieved using 25 % (v.v<sup>-1</sup>) of the crude extract while 50 % (v.v<sup>-1</sup>) of the crude extract led to a complete reduction of both <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, and around 5 log<sub>10</sub> reductions of <em>C. acnes</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em>. Importantly, minimal photodegradation of the PS occurred during irradiation across all concentrations studied. These findings highlight the potential of <em>T. amestolkiae</em>-derived red dyes extract for use in aPDT, demonstrating non-toxicity in the absence of light, good aqueous solubility, high photostability, and strong microbial reduction capabilities under specific light conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113105
Yohana B. Palacios , Sebastián O. Simonetti , Claudia Hernández Chavez , María G. Álvarez , Paula V. Cordero , Emma A. Cuello , Edwin J. González López , Enrique L. Larghi , Maximiliano L. Agazzi , Edgardo N. Durantini , Daniel A. Heredia
The continuous increase in the incidence of invasive mycoses, particularly those caused by Candida albicans, is a relevant health issue worldwide due to the lack of effective antifungals and the constant emergence of resistant strains. One of the most promising therapies to treat infections caused by resistant microorganisms is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) with suitable properties is a key factor to consider when optimizing this therapy. In this work, we designed, synthesized, and characterized four glycoporphyrins functionalized with S-galactose (acetylated and deacetylated) and varying the number of tertiary amino groups as precursors of cationic centers, which can be activated by protonation at physiological pH. The amino and glycosyl groups were introduced to enhance interaction with the microbial cell wall, increase hydrophilicity, and evaluate their combined effect on PS efficiency in photoinactivation. All derivatives presented the characteristic absorption and emission properties of the porphyrin macrocycle. Moreover, the glycoporphyrins were capable of generating singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radical. The photophysical and photodynamic properties were not affected by the different substitution patterns on the porphyrin core. PDI treatments of C. albicans cultures, treated with 5 μM of the PS and irradiated for 30 min, produced cellular inactivation of ∼3.5 log for glycoporphyrins with cationic centers. Furthermore, PDI of C. albicans mediated by glycoporphyrins was potentiated by the addition of KI. Under these conditions, a significant enhancement in cellular death was observed, achieving complete eradication of the treated cell suspensions. Moreover, glycoporphyrins containing pH-activable groups, combined with KI, showed outstanding efficacy against C. albicans pseudohyphae. These in vitro findings underscore the significant impact of substitution patterns on antimicrobial action. To our knowledge, this study marks the first application of glycosylated porphyrin derivatives containing pH-activatable cationic groups in the photoinactivation of C. albicans, paving the way for the development of novel derivatives with potential applications as effective antifungal PSs.
{"title":"“Illuminated Glycoporphyrins”: A photodynamic approach for Candida albicans inactivation","authors":"Yohana B. Palacios , Sebastián O. Simonetti , Claudia Hernández Chavez , María G. Álvarez , Paula V. Cordero , Emma A. Cuello , Edwin J. González López , Enrique L. Larghi , Maximiliano L. Agazzi , Edgardo N. Durantini , Daniel A. Heredia","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous increase in the incidence of invasive mycoses, particularly those caused by <em>Candida albicans</em>, is a relevant health issue worldwide due to the lack of effective antifungals and the constant emergence of resistant strains. One of the most promising therapies to treat infections caused by resistant microorganisms is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) with suitable properties is a key factor to consider when optimizing this therapy. In this work, we designed, synthesized, and characterized four glycoporphyrins functionalized with <em>S</em>-galactose (acetylated and deacetylated) and varying the number of tertiary amino groups as precursors of cationic centers, which can be activated by protonation at physiological pH. The amino and glycosyl groups were introduced to enhance interaction with the microbial cell wall, increase hydrophilicity, and evaluate their combined effect on PS efficiency in photoinactivation. All derivatives presented the characteristic absorption and emission properties of the porphyrin macrocycle. Moreover, the glycoporphyrins were capable of generating singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radical. The photophysical and photodynamic properties were not affected by the different substitution patterns on the porphyrin core. PDI treatments of <em>C. albicans</em> cultures, treated with 5 μM of the PS and irradiated for 30 min, produced cellular inactivation of ∼3.5 log for glycoporphyrins with cationic centers. Furthermore, PDI of <em>C. albicans</em> mediated by glycoporphyrins was potentiated by the addition of KI. Under these conditions, a significant enhancement in cellular death was observed, achieving complete eradication of the treated cell suspensions. Moreover, glycoporphyrins containing pH-activable groups, combined with KI, showed outstanding efficacy against <em>C. albicans</em> pseudohyphae. These <em>in vitro</em> findings underscore the significant impact of substitution patterns on antimicrobial action. To our knowledge, this study marks the first application of glycosylated porphyrin derivatives containing pH-activatable cationic groups in the photoinactivation of <em>C. albicans</em>, paving the way for the development of novel derivatives with potential applications as effective antifungal PSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mucositis is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment, causing significant pain and discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in treating mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy in cancer patients.
Methods
This randomized, single-blind clinical trial involved 36 patients with grade 3‐4 oral mucositis. The test group (n = 18) received diode portable laser therapy (810 nm wavelength, 200 mW power, 6 J/cm2 energy density) for 4 days. The control group (n = 18) used a Diphenhydramine + Almgs mouthwash (50‐50% mixture, 15 ml, every 6 h for 4 days). Lesions were assessed before treatment, one week after, and again at one month.
Results
Pain scores in the laser group decreased significantly over time (P < 0.05). Patients in the laser group reported better quality of life and reduced oral discomfort compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The severity of mucositis significantly decreased in the laser group within the first week (P < 0.05), though no significant difference was observed at one month (P = 0.158).
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that Photobiomodulation is a more effective and efficient method for reducing pain, tingling, and improving quality of life in both the short and long term. It also reduces the severity of oral mucositis in the short term for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy) on treatment of oral mucositis (OM) induced by chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.","authors":"Shadi Barati , Safa Motevasseli , Hamid Saeidi Saedi , Pantea Amiri , Reza Fekrazad","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Mucositis is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment, causing significant pain and discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in treating mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy in cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This randomized, single-blind clinical trial involved 36 patients with grade 3‐4 oral mucositis. The test group (<em>n</em> = 18) received diode portable laser therapy (810 nm wavelength, 200 mW power, 6 J/cm<sup>2</sup> energy density) for 4 days. The control group (<em>n</em> = 18) used a Diphenhydramine + Almgs mouthwash (50‐50% mixture, 15 ml, every 6 h for 4 days). Lesions were assessed before treatment, one week after, and again at one month.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pain scores in the laser group decreased significantly over time (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Patients in the laser group reported better quality of life and reduced oral discomfort compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The severity of mucositis significantly decreased in the laser group within the first week (P < 0.05), though no significant difference was observed at one month (<em>P</em> = 0.158).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrates that Photobiomodulation is a more effective and efficient method for reducing pain, tingling, and improving quality of life in both the short and long term. It also reduces the severity of oral mucositis in the short term for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113114
Meng Yan, Dadong Shao
Marine biofouling remains a big problem of uranium (U(VI)) extraction from seawater. To better utilize sunlight in future, the anti-biofouling properties of typical light sources were evaluated, and ultraviolet (UV) light shows best anti-biofouling capability among studied lights. UV light can damage the cellular structure and intercept the proliferation of marine microorganisms (such as V. alginolyticus), and further control its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microorganism community results clarify that UV light well represses the reproduction and survival of marine microorganisms under different conditions (such as temperature and region), which is in favor of U(VI) extraction. The adsorption capacity of classical U(VI) extraction material poly(amidoxime) (PAO) for U(VI) outstandingly recycled from 47.5 mg/g to 68.5 mg/g after UV irradiated for 12 h at pH 8.2 and 25 °C. UV light can well solve the marine biofouling problem of U(VI) extraction from seawater.
{"title":"Application of different lights in solving the marine biofouling problem of uranium extraction from seawater","authors":"Meng Yan, Dadong Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine biofouling remains a big problem of uranium (U(VI)) extraction from seawater. To better utilize sunlight in future, the anti-biofouling properties of typical light sources were evaluated, and ultraviolet (UV) light shows best anti-biofouling capability among studied lights. UV light can damage the cellular structure and intercept the proliferation of marine microorganisms (such as <em>V. alginolyticus</em>), and further control its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microorganism community results clarify that UV light well represses the reproduction and survival of marine microorganisms under different conditions (such as temperature and region), which is in favor of U(VI) extraction. The adsorption capacity of classical U(VI) extraction material poly(amidoxime) (PAO) for U(VI) outstandingly recycled from 47.5 mg/g to 68.5 mg/g after UV irradiated for 12 h at pH 8.2 and 25 °C. UV light can well solve the marine biofouling problem of U(VI) extraction from seawater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neglecting proper skin care and repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have serious consequences, including skin burns, photoaging and even the development of skin cancer. UV radiation-induced damage is mediated by highly unstable and reactive molecules, named reactive oxygen species (ROS). To counteract ROS, the skin has an endogenous antioxidant system. Considering that, many sunscreens incorporate antioxidant substances to ensure additional photochemioprotective action in the formulation. Syringic acid (SA) is classified as a phenolic acid derived from hydroxybenzoic acid. It has antioxidant properties, which can reduce oxidative stress, and has shown potential to prevent skin cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of SA to protect L-929 fibroblasts from UVB radiation by evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers. As a result, we demonstrated the antioxidant activity of SA through four methodologies, and confirmed the photochemioprotective activity of SA by attenuating the cytotoxicity of UVB radiation in L-929 fibroblasts. The mechanisms involved in the photoprotection of SA include a significant reduction in total ROS, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease in lipid peroxidation, preservation of endogenous antioxidant system enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, thereby mitigating the ultrastructural damage caused by UVB. Additionally, SA showed promising results in wound healing. Considering such properties, SA emerges as a strong candidate for incorporation into photoprotective and multifunctional formulations.
{"title":"Syringic acid protective role: Combatting oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation in L-929 fibroblasts","authors":"Karine Campos Nunes , Danielle Lazarin-Bidoia , Tânia Ueda-Nakamura , Sueli de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager , Raphaël Michel , Rachel Auzély-Velty , Celso Vataru Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neglecting proper skin care and repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have serious consequences, including skin burns, photoaging and even the development of skin cancer. UV radiation-induced damage is mediated by highly unstable and reactive molecules, named reactive oxygen species (ROS). To counteract ROS, the skin has an endogenous antioxidant system. Considering that, many sunscreens incorporate antioxidant substances to ensure additional photochemioprotective action in the formulation. Syringic acid (SA) is classified as a phenolic acid derived from hydroxybenzoic acid. It has antioxidant properties, which can reduce oxidative stress, and has shown potential to prevent skin cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of SA to protect L-929 fibroblasts from UVB radiation by evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers. As a result, we demonstrated the antioxidant activity of SA through four methodologies, and confirmed the photochemioprotective activity of SA by attenuating the cytotoxicity of UVB radiation in L-929 fibroblasts. The mechanisms involved in the photoprotection of SA include a significant reduction in total ROS, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease in lipid peroxidation, preservation of endogenous antioxidant system enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, thereby mitigating the ultrastructural damage caused by UVB. Additionally, SA showed promising results in wound healing. Considering such properties, SA emerges as a strong candidate for incorporation into photoprotective and multifunctional formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113106
Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak , Katarzyna Gawęda-Walerych , Wiktoria Ejsmont , Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz , Monika Olszewska , Renata Grąbkowska , Marta Krzemińska
Sages and their beneficial secondary metabolites have been used in conventional and traditional medicine in many countries, and are extensively studied for their health effects. However, to achieve high production levels, it is crucial to optimize the cultivation conditions. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal light-emitting diode (LED) treatment strategy for promoting plant growth and polyphenol biosynthesis in S. atropatana and S. bulleyana in vitro cultures. Shoots of both species were grown under red, blue, mixed (70 % red and 30 % blue), or white (control) light. The lighting conditions affected not only culture growth and proliferation potential, but also the accumulation of polyphenols and the expression of the genes involved in their biosynthesis (PAL, TAT, RAS). The highest proliferation rates (6.21 for S. atropatana and 4.26 for S. bulleyana) were achieved under white LEDs. In contrast, the highest biomass production was observed under white and mixed red/blue light (both species), although a similar effect was revealed for the blue light treatment for S. bulleyana. The dominant polyphenol in both species was rosmarinic acid: its level was highest in S. atropatana shoots exposed to red light (20.86 mg/g dry weight, DW) and S. bulleyana under white light (19.72 mg/g DW). The effects of the light treatments on gene expression varied between plant species and the analyzed gene; for example, mixed light stimulated RAS expression in S. bulleyana shoots and inhibited it in S. atropatana shoots. Principal component analysis found that gene expression did not always translate directly into rosmarinic acid production. In summary, our findings indicate that optimized lighting conditions have a significant effect on the production of polyphenolic compounds in sage shoot cultures. However, further research is needed to find the relationship between light treatment and plant biosynthetic pathway.
{"title":"Polyphenol production and gene expression in sage shoot cultures exposed to light-emitting diodes","authors":"Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak , Katarzyna Gawęda-Walerych , Wiktoria Ejsmont , Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz , Monika Olszewska , Renata Grąbkowska , Marta Krzemińska","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sages and their beneficial secondary metabolites have been used in conventional and traditional medicine in many countries, and are extensively studied for their health effects. However, to achieve high production levels, it is crucial to optimize the cultivation conditions. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal light-emitting diode (LED) treatment strategy for promoting plant growth and polyphenol biosynthesis in <em>S. atropatana</em> and <em>S. bulleyana in vitro</em> cultures. Shoots of both species were grown under red, blue, mixed (70 % red and 30 % blue), or white (control) light. The lighting conditions affected not only culture growth and proliferation potential, but also the accumulation of polyphenols and the expression of the genes involved in their biosynthesis (<em>PAL</em>, <em>TAT</em>, <em>RAS</em>). The highest proliferation rates (6.21 for <em>S. atropatana</em> and 4.26 for <em>S. bulleyana</em>) were achieved under white LEDs. In contrast, the highest biomass production was observed under white and mixed red/blue light (both species), although a similar effect was revealed for the blue light treatment for <em>S. bulleyana</em>. The dominant polyphenol in both species was rosmarinic acid: its level was highest in <em>S. atropatana</em> shoots exposed to red light (20.86 mg/g dry weight, DW) and <em>S. bulleyana</em> under white light (19.72 mg/g DW). The effects of the light treatments on gene expression varied between plant species and the analyzed gene; for example, mixed light stimulated <em>RAS</em> expression in <em>S. bulleyana</em> shoots and inhibited it in <em>S. atropatana</em> shoots. Principal component analysis found that gene expression did not always translate directly into rosmarinic acid production. In summary, our findings indicate that optimized lighting conditions have a significant effect on the production of polyphenolic compounds in sage shoot cultures. However, further research is needed to find the relationship between light treatment and plant biosynthetic pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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