L. M., L. M., Z. L., El Hessni A., Ouichou A., Mesfioui A.
The study aimed to screen the antidiabetic plants used by 700 diabetic patients in the town of Sidi Slimane (northwestern Morocco). The results identified 59 species belonging to 28 botanical families, four of which are predominant (Lamiaceae: 9 species; Apiaceae: 7 species; Asteraceae: 5 species; Fabaceae: 4 species). The most used species are: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Oreganum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Marrubium vulgare and Olea europaea. Similarly, majority of the anti-diabetic recipes are prepared as infusion and decoction. Further, seeds and leaves are the most used parts and are administered orally. These results constitute a database for subsequent studies to experimentally assess the potential of these plants. Key words: Ethnopharmacological survey, medicinal plants, town of Sidi Slimane, diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for the treatment of diabetes in the town of Sidi Slimane (Morocco)","authors":"L. M., L. M., Z. L., El Hessni A., Ouichou A., Mesfioui A.","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0437","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to screen the antidiabetic plants used by 700 diabetic patients in the town of Sidi Slimane (northwestern Morocco). The results identified 59 species belonging to 28 botanical families, four of which are predominant (Lamiaceae: 9 species; Apiaceae: 7 species; Asteraceae: 5 species; Fabaceae: 4 species). The most used species are: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Oreganum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Marrubium vulgare and Olea europaea. Similarly, majority of the anti-diabetic recipes are prepared as infusion and decoction. Further, seeds and leaves are the most used parts and are administered orally. These results constitute a database for subsequent studies to experimentally assess the potential of these plants. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ethnopharmacological survey, medicinal plants, town of Sidi Slimane, diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89807976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (stem bark and leaf), Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth. (leaf), Crescentia cujete L. (stem bark), Lawsonia inermis L. (leaf), Lophira alata Banks ex C.F. Gaertn. (stem bark), Myrianthus pruessii Engl. (leaf), Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark), Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (root), and Terminalia glaucescens Planch ex Benth. (stem bark and root) are combined for use in the treatment of malaria in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. The powdered plant samples were screened for phytochemical constituents, proximate composition and mineral elements according to standard protocols. Plasmodium berghei infected mice were screened for parasitemia and administered with water and ethanol extracts of the combined plant sample. Toxicity and histopathological studies were carried out on the liver and kidney sections of the mice. Data were statistically analyzed. The powdered herbal recipe contained appreciable phytochemicals and important minerals. The concentrations administered for LD50 did not elicit adverse reactions in the experimental animals, and no mortality was recorded. Histological studies revealed some pathology caused by the malaria parasite, as well as side effects of the extracts administered. This is discussed in relation to safety considerations. Key words: Malaria, herbs, phytochemical, histopathology, Nigeria.
{"title":"In vivo anti-plasmodial activity and histopathological analysis of water and ethanol extracts of a polyherbal antimalarial recipe","authors":"M. R. Ibukunoluwa","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0449","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (stem bark and leaf), Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth. (leaf), Crescentia cujete L. (stem bark), Lawsonia inermis L. (leaf), Lophira alata Banks ex C.F. Gaertn. (stem bark), Myrianthus pruessii Engl. (leaf), Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark), Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (root), and Terminalia glaucescens Planch ex Benth. (stem bark and root) are combined for use in the treatment of malaria in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. The powdered plant samples were screened for phytochemical constituents, proximate composition and mineral elements according to standard protocols. Plasmodium berghei infected mice were screened for parasitemia and administered with water and ethanol extracts of the combined plant sample. Toxicity and histopathological studies were carried out on the liver and kidney sections of the mice. Data were statistically analyzed. The powdered herbal recipe contained appreciable phytochemicals and important minerals. The concentrations administered for LD50 did not elicit adverse reactions in the experimental animals, and no mortality was recorded. Histological studies revealed some pathology caused by the malaria parasite, as well as side effects of the extracts administered. This is discussed in relation to safety considerations. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Malaria, herbs, phytochemical, histopathology, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91546795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myrtus communis Linn: A review on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies","authors":"Sisay Mekonnen, G. Tigist","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78239738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is a plant species used in folk medicine for treatment of various disorders. This study aims to quantify the phenolic and flavonoid contents of E. uniflora aqueous methanolic extract (AME), identification of its major constituents, as well as the evaluation of its biological activity. Quantification was performed using colorimetric assays. Column chromatographic separation was used for isolation of the major phenolic constituents while their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) spectra. Alkaloids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antidepressant activity of E. uniflora AME in mice was evaluated using the tail suspension test (TST). The weight control effect was evaluated by serial weighing. The results showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents of E. uniflora AME. The chromatographic investigation identified a new flavonoid, myricetin 3-O-(4'', 6''-digalloyl) glucopyranoside, for first time in this genus, along with four flavonoids and phenolic acids. Integerrimine alkaloid was identified through GC/MS analysis. Administration of E. uniflora AME significantly reduced the immobility time in mice (P value of < 0.0001) in a dose- dependent manner for doses of 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Also, a non-significant weight reduction in mice chronically treated with the E. uniflora AME was observed. Our study reports the isolation of myricetin 3-O- (4'', 6''-digalloyl) glucopyranoside from E. uniflora. It confirms that E. uniflora leaf extract has an antidepressant and anti-obesity effect. Key words: Eugenia uniflora, flavonoid, alkaloid, depression, obesity.
{"title":"Phytochemical and biological investigation of Eugenia uniflora L. cultivated in Egypt","authors":"O. B. Riham, A. Shaza, E. W. Nermien","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0443","url":null,"abstract":"Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is a plant species used in folk medicine for treatment of various disorders. This study aims to quantify the phenolic and flavonoid contents of E. uniflora aqueous methanolic extract (AME), identification of its major constituents, as well as the evaluation of its biological activity. Quantification was performed using colorimetric assays. Column chromatographic separation was used for isolation of the major phenolic constituents while their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) spectra. Alkaloids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antidepressant activity of E. uniflora AME in mice was evaluated using the tail suspension test (TST). The weight control effect was evaluated by serial weighing. The results showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents of E. uniflora AME. The chromatographic investigation identified a new flavonoid, myricetin 3-O-(4'', 6''-digalloyl) glucopyranoside, for first time in this genus, along with four flavonoids and phenolic acids. Integerrimine alkaloid was identified through GC/MS analysis. Administration of E. uniflora AME significantly reduced the immobility time in mice (P value of < 0.0001) in a dose- dependent manner for doses of 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Also, a non-significant weight reduction in mice chronically treated with the E. uniflora AME was observed. Our study reports the isolation of myricetin 3-O- (4'', 6''-digalloyl) glucopyranoside from E. uniflora. It confirms that E. uniflora leaf extract has an antidepressant and anti-obesity effect. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Eugenia uniflora, flavonoid, alkaloid, depression, obesity.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78650107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amal M. Saad, M. Ghareeb, M. Abdel‐Aziz, H. Madkour, Omar M. Khalaf, A. El-ziaty, M. Abdel-Mogib
Different solvent extracts from the aerial part of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt have been biologically evaluated by studying their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the chemical analysis using GC/MS has been performed for the promising extracts n-hexane and methylene chloride, and this analysis led to the identification of twenty six and thirty two compounds respectively from n-hexane and methylene chloride. The major compound identified in the n-hexane is (Z) 9,17-octadecadienal (10.60%) while for methylene chloride is tricosanoic acid (9.24%). In addition, chromatographic isolation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts resulted in the isolation of four compounds which were identified as; dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (1), apigenin (2), 4′-methoxyquercetin (tamarixetin) (3) and acacetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (4). n-hexane and methylene chloride showed moderate antimicrobial activities against three microbes for each, that is, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris for n-hexane and Erwinia spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermis for methylene chloride. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities against Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Likewise n-butanol extract showed higher activity against Shigella spp., Erwinia spp., E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. epidermis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the anticancer activities were evaluated against four human tumor cell lines namely; HepG-2, HeLa, PC3 and MCF-7. The n-butanol extract showed the highest activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 of 5.6 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC50 of 5.4 μg/ml, while the ethyl acetate showed the highest activity against Hela cell line with IC50 of 6.9 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC50 of 4.8 μg/ml. Also, the inhibition percentages (I%) of ABTS radical were 83.1, 82.0, 87.2 and 87.0% respectively for the n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid with 89.2%. In, conclusion the different extracts of P. farcta aerial part showed promising antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities, in which may be return to their identified bioactive secondary metabolites. Key words: Prosopis farcta, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemical constituents.
通过研究埃及产法法Prosopis farcta地上部分的不同溶剂提取物的抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性，对其进行了生物学评价。利用GC/MS对正己烷和二氯甲烷萃取物进行化学分析，鉴定出正己烷和二氯甲烷萃取物分别为26个和32个化合物。在正己烷中鉴定出的主要化合物是(Z) 9,17-十八烯二烯二醛(10.60%)，而在二氯甲烷中鉴定出的主要化合物是三糖酸(9.24%)。此外，对乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物进行色谱分离，分离得到4个化合物，鉴定为;二氢山奈酚-3- o -α- l-鼠李糖苷(1)、芹菜素(2)、4′-甲氧基槲皮素(3)和棘皮素-7- o -α- l-鼠李糖苷(4)。正己烷和亚氯甲烷对正己烷、志贺菌、大肠杆菌和普通变形杆菌有中等抑菌作用，对亚氯甲烷有欧文氏菌、大肠杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。另一方面，乙酸乙酯对志贺氏菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌具有较高的抑菌活性。正丁醇提取物对志贺菌、欧文氏菌、大肠杆菌、寻常假单胞菌、表皮葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌均有较高的抑菌活性。此外，还对四种人类肿瘤细胞系进行了抗肿瘤活性评价;HepG-2, HeLa, PC3和MCF-7。正丁醇提取物对MCF-7细胞株的IC50最高，为5.6 μg/ml, 5-氟尿嘧啶的IC50为5.4 μg/ml;乙酸乙酯提取物对Hela细胞株的IC50最高，为6.9 μg/ml, 5-氟尿嘧啶的IC50为4.8 μg/ml。正己烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物对ABTS自由基的抑制率分别为83.1%、82.0、87.2和87.0%，而抗坏血酸提取物对ABTS自由基的抑制率为89.2%。综上所述，红花部位不同提取物具有良好的抑菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性，这可能与其鉴定出的次生代谢产物有关。关键词:牛膝，抗菌，抗癌，抗氧化，化学成分
{"title":"Chemical constituents and biological activities of different solvent extracts of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt","authors":"Amal M. Saad, M. Ghareeb, M. Abdel‐Aziz, H. Madkour, Omar M. Khalaf, A. El-ziaty, M. Abdel-Mogib","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0452","url":null,"abstract":"Different solvent extracts from the aerial part of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt have been biologically evaluated by studying their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the chemical analysis using GC/MS has been performed for the promising extracts n-hexane and methylene chloride, and this analysis led to the identification of twenty six and thirty two compounds respectively from n-hexane and methylene chloride. The major compound identified in the n-hexane is (Z) 9,17-octadecadienal (10.60%) while for methylene chloride is tricosanoic acid (9.24%). In addition, chromatographic isolation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts resulted in the isolation of four compounds which were identified as; dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (1), apigenin (2), 4′-methoxyquercetin (tamarixetin) (3) and acacetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (4). n-hexane and methylene chloride showed moderate antimicrobial activities against three microbes for each, that is, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris for n-hexane and Erwinia spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermis for methylene chloride. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities against Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Likewise n-butanol extract showed higher activity against Shigella spp., Erwinia spp., E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. epidermis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the anticancer activities were evaluated against four human tumor cell lines namely; HepG-2, HeLa, PC3 and MCF-7. The n-butanol extract showed the highest activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 of 5.6 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC50 of 5.4 μg/ml, while the ethyl acetate showed the highest activity against Hela cell line with IC50 of 6.9 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC50 of 4.8 μg/ml. Also, the inhibition percentages (I%) of ABTS radical were 83.1, 82.0, 87.2 and 87.0% respectively for the n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid with 89.2%. In, conclusion the different extracts of P. farcta aerial part showed promising antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities, in which may be return to their identified bioactive secondary metabolites. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Prosopis farcta, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemical constituents.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88485456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee L. See Gerard, Et War Yazsine A. Ocampos Aj, Angelli Y. Yap Nicole, Jr. Florencio V. Arce
Decocted Draco spilopterus has been utilized in the Philippines for the treatment of asthma associated with its strong folkloric beliefs however no scientific evidence was available to prove such claims. Thus, the researchers ventured into this study to determine the anti - asthma potential of dried D. spilopterus on male albino rats using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method. Fifteen D. spilopterus were used in the study. Decocotion was the extraction method employed. Seven male albino rats were used in each trial and randomly divided into different test groups which were as follows: Treatment groups (600, 800 and 1000 mg/kgbw); negative control group (water); positive control group (Prednisolone 10 mg/kgbw); untreated group; and normal group. Mesentric mast cell count by atopic allergy method was employed in this study. Results revealed that the test solutions with a dose of 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kgbw elicited a mean anti-asthmatic activity of 42.25, 66.44 and 89.32%, respectively. The median effective dose was 663.90 mg/kgbw. The anti - asthma activity was dose - related; with increasing dose, the disrupted mast cell decreases. The test solution obtained from D. spilopterus is a potential alternative in the management of asthma but further studies have to be conducted. Key words: Draco spilopterus, mesenteric mast cell count.
{"title":"Anti-asthma potential of dried Draco Spilopterus Wieg. 1834 (Philippine Flying Dragon) using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method","authors":"Lee L. See Gerard, Et War Yazsine A. Ocampos Aj, Angelli Y. Yap Nicole, Jr. Florencio V. Arce","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0445","url":null,"abstract":"Decocted Draco spilopterus has been utilized in the Philippines for the treatment of asthma associated with its strong folkloric beliefs however no scientific evidence was available to prove such claims. Thus, the researchers ventured into this study to determine the anti - asthma potential of dried D. spilopterus on male albino rats using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method. Fifteen D. spilopterus were used in the study. Decocotion was the extraction method employed. Seven male albino rats were used in each trial and randomly divided into different test groups which were as follows: Treatment groups (600, 800 and 1000 mg/kgbw); negative control group (water); positive control group (Prednisolone 10 mg/kgbw); untreated group; and normal group. Mesentric mast cell count by atopic allergy method was employed in this study. Results revealed that the test solutions with a dose of 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kgbw elicited a mean anti-asthmatic activity of 42.25, 66.44 and 89.32%, respectively. The median effective dose was 663.90 mg/kgbw. The anti - asthma activity was dose - related; with increasing dose, the disrupted mast cell decreases. The test solution obtained from D. spilopterus is a potential alternative in the management of asthma but further studies have to be conducted. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Draco spilopterus, mesenteric mast cell count.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75048042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mystroxylon aethiopicum has been used by many ethnic groups in Africa for the management of hemorrhagic diarrhea, stomachache, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections coughs, hypertension and gonorrhea. This study was carried out to identify low molecular weight phytochemicals present in the root bark extract of M. aethiopicum with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various low molecular weight phytochemicals which belongs to four groups of secondary metabolites namely sesquiterpenes, dieterpenes, monoterpenes and fatty acids. The presence of these phytochemicals in the plant extract may be positively associated with pharmacological properties of M. aethiopicum and therefore justifying the ethnomedical usage of the plant. Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, pharmacological properties, phytochemicals.
{"title":"Mystroxylon aethiopicum chloroform root bark extracts phytochemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry","authors":"M. Kilonzo, P. Ndakidemi, M. Chacha","doi":"10.5897/JPP2017.0444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2017.0444","url":null,"abstract":"Mystroxylon aethiopicum has been used by many ethnic groups in Africa for the management of hemorrhagic diarrhea, stomachache, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections coughs, hypertension and gonorrhea. This study was carried out to identify low molecular weight phytochemicals present in the root bark extract of M. aethiopicum with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various low molecular weight phytochemicals which belongs to four groups of secondary metabolites namely sesquiterpenes, dieterpenes, monoterpenes and fatty acids. The presence of these phytochemicals in the plant extract may be positively associated with pharmacological properties of M. aethiopicum and therefore justifying the ethnomedical usage of the plant. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, pharmacological properties, phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Aguoru, Christopher Gbokaiji Bashayi, I. O. Ogbonna
The phytochemical constituents of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis were isolated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A shade-dried stem bark of K. senegalensis was extracted using methanol and water as solvents. The main chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to confirm the various classes of active chemical. The chemical composition of methanolic stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included: 4-Hepten-3-one, 2, 6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, and 11-Octadecenoic acid. Others are 9–Hexadecenoic acid, Stearic acid, I, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, Cyclododecyne, Hexadecanoic acid, Ricinoleic acid, 13-Decosenoic acid, and 9-Hexadecenal. The Chemical composition of aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadeien-1-ol, 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene, and 1-flourodecane. Other chemical constituents of the aqueous extract included 9-octadecanal, E-9-tetradecanal, and 2-methyl-Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol. The molecular weight of these compounds ranged from low to high with carbon skeleton of between C7 and C37. Both aromatic and aliphatic compounds were identified. K. senegalensis contains alkaloid, saponin, tannins and flavonoids. A good number of bioactive compounds were present in the stem bark of K. senegalensis. Key words: Aqueous extracts, metanolic extracts, GC-MS analysis, Khaya senegalensis, phytochemical profile.
{"title":"Phytochemical profile of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis","authors":"C. Aguoru, Christopher Gbokaiji Bashayi, I. O. Ogbonna","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0416","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical constituents of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis were isolated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A shade-dried stem bark of K. senegalensis was extracted using methanol and water as solvents. The main chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to confirm the various classes of active chemical. The chemical composition of methanolic stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included: 4-Hepten-3-one, 2, 6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, and 11-Octadecenoic acid. Others are 9–Hexadecenoic acid, Stearic acid, I, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, Cyclododecyne, Hexadecanoic acid, Ricinoleic acid, 13-Decosenoic acid, and 9-Hexadecenal. The Chemical composition of aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadeien-1-ol, 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene, and 1-flourodecane. Other chemical constituents of the aqueous extract included 9-octadecanal, E-9-tetradecanal, and 2-methyl-Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol. The molecular weight of these compounds ranged from low to high with carbon skeleton of between C7 and C37. Both aromatic and aliphatic compounds were identified. K. senegalensis contains alkaloid, saponin, tannins and flavonoids. A good number of bioactive compounds were present in the stem bark of K. senegalensis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Aqueous extracts, metanolic extracts, GC-MS analysis, Khaya senegalensis, phytochemical profile.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79822440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed at evaluating the biochemical effects and antioxidants activity of extracts of Vernoia calvoana Hook. f (V.C) on STZ induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six rats weighing (100 to 150 g), were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 representing normal and diabetic controls (NC and DC), respectively, receiving placebo, while groups 3 to 6 represented diabetic treated, receiving 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) metformin, 400 mg/kg b.w. crude, n-hexane and methanol fractions of V.C, respectively. Treament with drug and extracts of V.C showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in all experimental groups and was significant (p<0.05) on the 7th day of the experimental period, compared to diabetic control. Progressive increase in body weight was observed in all experimental groups compared to DC group. A significant (p<0.05) increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities were recorded in all experimental treated animal compared to DC and NC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed to decrease significant (p<0.05) in all experimental groups compared to DC. Histopathologically, the changes in pancreatic integrity were consistent with that of biochemical findings. It may be concluded that, extracts of V.C possess potent ameliorative activity against STZ-induced diabetes, via a potential free radical mopping activity. Key words: Vernonia calvoana, extracts, diabetes mellitus, antioxidants.
{"title":"Biochemical and antioxidants activity of crude, methanol and n-hexane fractions of Vernonia calvoana on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","authors":"I. Iwara, G. Igile, F. Uboh, K. Elot, M. Eteng","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0440","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at evaluating the biochemical effects and antioxidants activity of extracts of Vernoia calvoana Hook. f (V.C) on STZ induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six rats weighing (100 to 150 g), were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 representing normal and diabetic controls (NC and DC), respectively, receiving placebo, while groups 3 to 6 represented diabetic treated, receiving 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) metformin, 400 mg/kg b.w. crude, n-hexane and methanol fractions of V.C, respectively. Treament with drug and extracts of V.C showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in all experimental groups and was significant (p<0.05) on the 7th day of the experimental period, compared to diabetic control. Progressive increase in body weight was observed in all experimental groups compared to DC group. A significant (p<0.05) increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities were recorded in all experimental treated animal compared to DC and NC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed to decrease significant (p<0.05) in all experimental groups compared to DC. Histopathologically, the changes in pancreatic integrity were consistent with that of biochemical findings. It may be concluded that, extracts of V.C possess potent ameliorative activity against STZ-induced diabetes, via a potential free radical mopping activity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vernonia calvoana, extracts, diabetes mellitus, antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76975760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and protective effect of an aqueous extract from Urtica dioica on liver injuries, induced by one of the most potent dietary carcinogenic agents N- Nitroso methyl urea (NMU). Firstly, the free radical scavenging activity of U. dioica extract was assessed by measuring its capability to scavenge the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Liver injury was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of NMU (50 mg/kg) while the aqueous extract of U. dioica was administered orally to the experimental animals. Haematoxylin/ Eosin based histology was performed to evaluate the histological changes in the liver. The result suggest that U. dioica extract contains high content of polyphenols and able to reduce DPPH radical. Furthermore, NMU treatment induces steatosis in mice liver, which is accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Data show also that U. dioica extract can protect mice liver from NMU induced damage. These findings proved that U. dioica extract has an antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect against NMU induced injury. Key words: N-nitrosomethylurea, Urtica dioica, antioxidant, liver.
{"title":"Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Urtica Dioica extract against N-nitroso methyl urea induced injuries in mice","authors":"El Ouar Ibtissem, Tartouga Maya Abir, Loucif Oumayma Rokeya, Naimi Dalila","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0389","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and protective effect of an aqueous extract from Urtica dioica on liver injuries, induced by one of the most potent dietary carcinogenic agents N- Nitroso methyl urea (NMU). Firstly, the free radical scavenging activity of U. dioica extract was assessed by measuring its capability to scavenge the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Liver injury was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of NMU (50 mg/kg) while the aqueous extract of U. dioica was administered orally to the experimental animals. Haematoxylin/ Eosin based histology was performed to evaluate the histological changes in the liver. The result suggest that U. dioica extract contains high content of polyphenols and able to reduce DPPH radical. Furthermore, NMU treatment induces steatosis in mice liver, which is accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Data show also that U. dioica extract can protect mice liver from NMU induced damage. These findings proved that U. dioica extract has an antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect against NMU induced injury. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: N-nitrosomethylurea, Urtica dioica, antioxidant, liver.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90314334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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