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Industry News 行业新闻
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221089432

Full circle: ZnII-complexes bearing half-salan ligands facilitate the mild and selective degradation of various commercial polyesters and polycarbonates into value-added products (green solvents and chemical building blocks). We report the first example of discrete metal-mediated poly (bisphenol A carbonate) methanolysis being appreciably active at room temperature, whilst the production of several renewable poly (ester-amides)s demonstrates a completely circular PET waste upcycling approach. ZnII-complexes bearing half-salan ligands were exploited in the mild and selective chemical upcycling of various commercial polyesters and polycarbonates. Remarkably, we report the first example of discrete metal-mediated poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC) methanolysis being appreciably active at room temperature. Indeed, Zn (2)2 and Zn (2)Et achieved complete BPA-PC consumption within 12–18 min in 2-Me-THF, noting high bisphenol A (BPA) yields (SBPA = 85–91%) within 2–4 h. Further kinetic analysis found such catalysts to possess kapp values of 0.28 ± 0.040 and 0.47 ± 0.049 min−1, respectively, at 4 wt%, the highest reported to date. A completely circular upcycling approach to plastic waste was demonstrated through the production of several renewable poly (ester-amide)s (PEAs), based on a terephthalamide monomer derived from bottle-grade poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which exhibited excellent thermal properties.

完整循环:含半萨兰配体的ni -配合物促进了各种商业聚酯和聚碳酸酯的温和和选择性降解,成为增值产品(绿色溶剂和化学构建模块)。我们报告了离散金属介导的聚(双酚A碳酸酯)甲醇分解在室温下具有明显活性的第一个例子,同时几种可再生聚(酯酰胺)的生产展示了一个完全循环的PET废物升级回收方法。含半萨兰配体的ni -配合物被用于各种商用聚酯和聚碳酸酯的温和和选择性化学升级。值得注意的是,我们报告了离散金属介导的聚双酚A碳酸酯(BPA-PC)甲醇分解在室温下明显活跃的第一个例子。事实上,Zn(2)2和Zn (2)Et在2- me - thf中在12-18分钟内完全消耗了BPA- pc,并在2- 4小时内产生了高双酚A (BPA)收率(SBPA = 85-91%)。进一步的动力学分析发现,这些催化剂在4 wt%时分别具有0.28±0.040和0.47±0.049 min - 1的kapp值,这是迄今为止报道的最高值。通过从瓶级聚对苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)中提取的对苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)单体生产几种可再生聚(酯酰胺)(豌豆),展示了一种完全循环的塑料废物升级回收方法,这种聚合物具有优异的热性能。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory expert corner global food contact regulation updates for 1st quarter 2022 监管专家专区2022年第一季度全球食品接触法规更新
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221089428
Huqiu Zhang
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引用次数: 0
From the editor 来自编辑
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221089431
John R. WagnerJr
The sixth wave of this COVID-19 corona virus pandemic is winding down. Governments and regulatory agencies are rescinding mask mandates in light of public opposition and the desire to get back to normal, whatever that is. At this writing, we are at 440 million cases worldwide and rising by ∼ 1.5 – 2 million cases per day worldwide and there have been > 6 million deaths which are increasing by ∼ 10,000 per day. Some areas are doing better than others; however, the case rate and the death rate per day is at or above the maximum for the fi rst wave. Areas that have high vaccination rates and good healthcare systems are learning to cope with this disease. I am concerned with what will happen when caution is relaxed and for the safety in areas where vaccination rates are low or have health systems that are challenged by this virus.
COVID-19冠状病毒大流行的第六波正在结束。鉴于公众的反对和恢复正常的愿望,政府和监管机构正在取消口罩的规定,不管这是什么。在撰写本文时,全球有4.4亿例病例,并且每天增加150万至200万例病例,全球有600万例死亡,每天增加1万例。有些地区比其他地区做得更好;然而,每天的病例率和死亡率达到或超过第一次RST波的最大值。疫苗接种率高和卫生保健系统良好的地区正在学习如何应对这种疾病。我担心的是,如果放松警惕,以及疫苗接种率低或卫生系统受到这种病毒挑战的地区的安全问题,将会发生什么。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of polycarbodiimide chain extender on thermal stability and mechanical properties of biobased poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blown films 聚碳二酰亚胺扩链剂对生物基聚乳酸/天然橡胶吹膜热稳定性和力学性能的影响
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211058679
Kornchanok Akaradechakul, Peerapong Chanthot, N. Kerddonfag, C. Pattamaprom
This is the first study investigating how polycarbodiimide (PCDI) delays thermal degradation of poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends (PLA/NR) during the preparation of PLA/NR masterbatches (MB) and PLA/MB compounds for the film blowing process. The PCDI concentration used in this work was from 0 to 1 wt%. The torque plastograms, FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectra indicated the successful chain extending reaction between the PCDI carbodiimide group and the PLA carboxyl group, and there was no reaction with NR domains. The reaction increased the PLA/MB compounds’ viscosity and improved processability and mechanical properties of PLA/MB blown films. The optimal PCDI content for the highest melt strength, film blowing stability, and mechanical properties was at 0.25 wt% PCDI. Undesirable gel spots were observed in the PLA/MB blown film at PCDI concentrations higher than 0.5 wt%.
这是第一个研究聚碳二亚胺(PCDI)如何在制备PLA/NR母粒(MB)和PLA/MB化合物用于吹膜过程中延迟聚乳酸/天然橡胶共混物(PLA/NR)的热降解的研究。本工作中使用的PCDI浓度为0 ~ 1wt %。转矩谱、FTIR和1H-NMR表明PCDI碳二酰亚胺基与PLA羧基之间发生了成功的扩链反应,未与NR结构域发生反应。该反应提高了PLA/MB化合物的粘度,改善了PLA/MB吹膜的加工性和力学性能。当PCDI含量为0.25%时,熔体强度、吹膜稳定性和机械性能最佳。在PCDI浓度高于0.5 wt%时,PLA/MB吹膜中观察到不良的凝胶斑点。
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引用次数: 1
Statistician’s corner what’s behind aliasing in fractional-factorial designs 统计学家的观点:分数阶乘设计中混叠的原因
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221089430
Shari Kraber
Aliasing in a fractional-factorial design means that it is not possible to estimate all effects because the experimental matrix has fewer unique combinations than a full-factorial design. The alias structure defines how effects are combined. When the researcher understands the basics of aliasing, they can better select a design that meets their experimental objectives. Starting with a layman’s definition of an alias, it is two or more names for one thing. Referring to a person, it could be “Fred, also known as (aliased) George.” There is only one person, but they go by two names. As will be shown shortly, in a fractional-factorial design, there will be one calculated effect estimate that is assigned multiple names (aliases). This example (Figure 1) is a 2̂ 3, 8-run factorial design. These eight runs can be used to estimate all possible factor effects including the main effects A, B, and C, followed by the interaction effects AB, AB, BC and ABC. An additional column “I” is the Identity column, representing the intercept for the polynomial. Each column in the full-factorial design is a unique set of pluses and minuses, resulting in independent estimates of the factor effects. An effect is calculated by averaging the response values where the factor is set high (+) and subtracting the average response from the rows where the term is set low ( ). Mathematically, this is written as follows: In this example, the A effect is calculated like this: The last row in Figure 1 shows the calculation result for the other main effects, 2-factor and 3-factor interactions and the Identity column. In a half-fraction design (Figure 2), only half of the runs are completed. According to standard practice, we eliminate all the runs where the ABC column has a negative sign. Now the columns are not unique—pairs of columns have the identical pattern of pluses and minuses. The effect estimates are confounded (aliased) because they are changing in exactly the same pattern. The A column is the same pattern as the BC column (A = BC).
部分析因设计中的混叠意味着不可能估计所有的效应,因为实验矩阵比全析因设计具有更少的唯一组合。别名结构定义了如何组合效果。当研究人员了解混叠的基础知识,他们可以更好地选择一个设计,以满足他们的实验目标。从门外汉对别名的定义开始,别名是一个事物的两个或多个名称。指的是一个人,可以是“弗雷德,也被称为乔治。”只有一个人,但他们有两个名字。正如稍后将显示的,在分数析因设计中,将有一个计算过的效果估计,它被分配了多个名称(别名)。这个例子(图1)是一个2 × 3,8次运行的阶乘设计。这8次运行可以用来估计所有可能的因素效应,包括主效应A、B和C,其次是交互效应AB、AB、BC和ABC。另一个列“I”是Identity列,表示多项式的截距。全因子设计中的每一列都是一组独特的正因子和负因子,从而产生对因子效应的独立估计。计算效果的方法是将因子设置为高(+)的响应值取平均值,然后从因子设置为低()的行中减去平均响应值。在这个例子中,A效果的计算方法如下:图1中的最后一行显示了其他主要效果、2因素和3因素交互以及Identity列的计算结果。在半分馏设计中(图2),只完成了一半的运行。根据标准实践,我们消除ABC列带有负号的所有运行。现在列不是唯一的-列对有相同的正负模式。效果估计是混淆的(混叠的),因为它们以完全相同的模式变化。A列与BC列的模式相同(A = BC)。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of stretching and tie layer composition on adhesion strength of multi-layered films 拉伸和粘结层组成对多层膜粘接强度的影响
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211063475
M. Paul, B. Morris, J. Weinhold, K. Hausmann
Multilayer films are widely used in flexible packaging to provide an optimum balance of performance and cost. Orientation in the semi-solid state via tenter frame, double bubble, and machine direction orientation processes enhances barrier and mechanical properties and offers a means toward light weighting packaging structures. Interlayer adhesion of coextruded films, however, substantially decreases during the orientation as the generated new interfacial area decreases bond density and chain segments are stressed. A guideline is proposed that provides insight into how changes during orientation in chain segment penetration, entanglement, bond orientation, and density affect peel strength because of semi-solid state orientation. Examples are provided that use these insights to design novel tie resins with improved performance.
多层薄膜广泛应用于软包装中,以提供性能和成本的最佳平衡。在半固体状态下,通过斜框、双泡和机器方向取向工艺进行取向,增强了阻隔性和机械性能,并为轻量化包装结构提供了一种手段。然而,在取向过程中,共挤膜的层间附着力大大降低,因为产生的新界面面积减少了键密度,链段受到了应力。提出了一种指导方针,以深入了解由于半固态取向,链段渗透,纠缠,键取向和密度的取向变化如何影响剥离强度。举例来说,利用这些见解来设计具有更好性能的新型领带树脂。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of nanofillers on polyurethane/polystyrene matrix nanocomposites: Characteristics and forthcoming developments 纳米填料对聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯基纳米复合材料的影响:特点及未来发展
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211059859
Ayesha Kausar
Polyurethane and polystyrene are significant thermoplastic polymers having unique physical properties. This article considers the research trials on the fabrication, remarkable features, and technical applications of the polyurethane/polystyrene nanocomposites. The carbonaceous nano particles and inorganic nanofillers used with the polyurethane/polystyrene blend or copolymer are carbon nanotube, graphene, nanoclay, silica nanoparticles, and others. The considerable improvements in the physical properties of the polyurethane/polystyrene blend may occur through the nanofiller addition. The physical or covalent interactions between the blend or copolymer components and nanofillers may also positively affect the nanocomposite properties. The fabrication strategies used for the polyurethane/polystyrene nanocomposites include solution method, in situ method, melt blending, and several nanocomposite processing approaches. The structure, morphology, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and several other physical properties of the high performance polyurethane/polystyrene nanocomposites have been explored. Major application areas identified are shape memory, membrane, and gas transport properties.
聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯是重要的热塑性聚合物,具有独特的物理性能。综述了聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯纳米复合材料的制备、特点及技术应用等方面的研究进展。与聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯共混物或共聚物一起使用的碳质纳米颗粒和无机纳米填料是碳纳米管、石墨烯、纳米粘土、二氧化硅纳米颗粒等。通过添加纳米填料,可以显著改善聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯共混物的物理性能。共混或共聚物组分与纳米填料之间的物理或共价相互作用也可能对纳米复合材料的性能产生积极影响。聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯纳米复合材料的制备策略包括溶液法、原位法、熔融共混法和几种纳米复合材料的加工方法。研究了高性能聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯纳米复合材料的结构、形貌、电导率、热稳定性、机械强度和其他物理性能。确定的主要应用领域是形状记忆、膜和气体传输特性。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of temperature and pressure on the interfacial morphology and bond strength of thermally laminated glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate/styrene-co-butadiene block copolymer films and comparison with coextruded (polyethylene terephthalate/styrene-co-butadiene block copolymer/polyethylene terephthalate) and polyethylene terephthalate/styrene-co-butadiene block copolymer/polyethylene terephthalate films heated with applied pressure after extrusion 温度和压力对热叠合乙二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/苯乙烯-共丁二烯嵌段共聚物薄膜界面形态和结合强度的影响,并与挤出后加压加热的共挤出(聚对苯二甲酸乙酯/苯乙烯-共丁二烯嵌段共聚物/聚对苯二甲酸乙酯)和聚对苯二甲酸乙酯/苯乙烯-共丁二烯嵌段共聚物/聚对苯二甲酸乙酯薄膜进行比较
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211046188
Katsunori Ishida, Shotaro Nishitsuji, Ken Miyata

This study focuses on controlling the interfacial adhesive strength between heat-sealed styrene-co-butadiene block copolymer (SBC) and glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) multilayer films. In comparison, the interfacial bond strength of coextruded PETG/SBC/PETG films was weaker. The lamella structures of SBC and free polybutadiene increased the interfacial adhesive strength. The coextruded films with applied thermal pressing were also examined. When exposed to heat, the interfacial adhesive strength improved. The butadiene layer segregated along the adhesive interface, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The butadiene layer improved the interfacial adhesive strength. The applied pressure caused the butadiene layer to segregate in a parallel manner along the adhesive interface. The developed lamellar structure did not increase adhesive strength. We considered that the adhesive strength decreased due to a thinner butadiene layer with higher pressure. We concluded that adhesive segregation along the adhesive interface improved the bond strength.

研究了热封苯乙烯-共丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBC)与乙二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETG)多层膜的界面粘接强度。相比之下,共挤压PETG/SBC/PETG薄膜的界面结合强度较弱。SBC和游离聚丁二烯的片层结构提高了界面粘接强度。对热压共挤薄膜进行了研究。受热后,界面粘接强度提高。透射电镜观察到,丁二烯层沿粘附界面分离。丁二烯层提高了界面粘接强度。施加的压力使丁二烯层沿粘接界面平行分离。发达的层状结构并没有提高粘接强度。我们认为,由于丁二烯层越薄,压力越高,粘接强度降低。结果表明,粘结界面的偏析提高了粘结强度。
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引用次数: 0
Entanglement density, macromolecular orientation, and their effect on elastic strain recovery of polyolefin films 缠结密度、大分子取向及其对聚烯烃薄膜弹性应变恢复的影响
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211058768
Fanny Traon, Y. Grohens, Y. Corre
For amorphous polymers, restoring forces are generated by the progressive orientation of the macromolecular chains in the stretching direction leading to a decrease in the system entropy. Orienting the chains in the future stretching direction thus reduces the entropy variation induced by the stretching and limits the entropic restoring force magnitude. Entropic restoring forces created during stretching have been correlated to the number of junction points by previous studies. Reducing the entanglement density (i.e., the number of junction points) is supposed to limit the entropic restoring force magnitude. In this study, the influence of blend ratio of low molecular weight wax and orientation level on the mechanical properties of the thin films, especially the elastic recovery, were evaluated. Elastic energy strain recovery was calculated from hysteresis curve obtained during 60% loading (stretch) and unloading (recovery) cycle and compared to rheological and orientation measurement. It has been shown that a decrease in entanglement density can minimize elastic recovery, Nevertheless, a compromise must be found, in order to limit the permanent deformation caused by chain flow. Macromolecular orientation is also a way to adjust the film mechanical properties. A LDPE 3 × 3 biaxial orientation leads to a 25% reduction in transversal direction elastic recovery (compared to MDO cast film) without altering machine direction mechanical behavior. However, for ethylene vinyl acetate, the uniaxial macromolecular orientation seems to impact the film behavior in the transverse direction by causing a smaller inter-atom distance, favoring a higher bond strength. The latter acts as transient physical nodes, increasing entropic restoring forces.
对于非晶聚合物,大分子链在拉伸方向上的递进取向产生了恢复力,导致系统熵降低。将链定向在未来的拉伸方向上,从而减少了拉伸引起的熵变化,限制了熵恢复力的大小。先前的研究已经将拉伸过程中产生的熵恢复力与连接点的数量相关联。减少缠结密度(即连接点的数量)被认为可以限制熵恢复力的大小。本研究考察了低分子量蜡的共混比例和取向水平对薄膜力学性能的影响,特别是弹性回复率。根据60%加载(拉伸)和卸载(恢复)周期的迟滞曲线计算弹性能应变恢复,并与流变学和取向测量结果进行比较。研究表明,减少缠结密度可以使弹性恢复最小化,然而,必须找到一个折衷方案,以限制链流引起的永久变形。大分子取向也是调节薄膜力学性能的一种方法。LDPE 3 × 3双轴取向导致横向弹性恢复降低25%(与MDO铸膜相比),而不改变机器方向的力学行为。然而,对于乙烯醋酸乙烯,单轴大分子取向似乎会影响薄膜在横向上的行为,导致更小的原子间距离,有利于更高的键强度。后者作为暂态物理节点,增加熵恢复力。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical simulation of the calendering process for non-Newtonian polymers 非牛顿聚合物压延过程的数学模拟
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/87560879211066900
M. Javed, Sarah Nasir, N. Ali, S. Arshad
This paper mathematically studies calendering with a tangent hyperbolic model to simulate non-Newtonian polymers. The constitutive equations based on Lubrication Approximation Theory (LAT) are first non-dimensionalized and then simplified. The simplified equations describing the flow inside the calender are solved (a) analytically using the perturbation method and (b) numerically using MatLab built-in routine “BVP4c” method. The first case obtains an analytical expression for velocity, pressure gradient, and final sheet thickness with the help of the perturbation method, while BVP4c and Runge-Kutta methods are used to calculate the velocity, pressure, pressure gradient, and mechanical quantities numerically. The power-law index and Weissenberg number influence on pressure, pressure gradient, and velocity profiles of fluid being calendered are shown with graphs. The pressure inside the calender decreases as the power-law index and Weissenberg number increase. The force function and final sheet thickness decreases as the power-law index and Weissenberg number increases.
本文从数学上研究了用正切双曲模型来模拟非牛顿聚合物的压延。首先对基于润滑近似理论(LAT)的本构方程进行无量纲化和简化。描述压延机内部流动的简化方程(a)用摄动法解析求解,(b)用MatLab内置的例程“BVP4c”法数值求解。采用微扰法得到速度、压力梯度和最终板厚的解析表达式,采用BVP4c法和龙格-库塔法对速度、压力、压力梯度和力学量进行数值计算。幂律指数和Weissenberg数对被压延流体的压力、压力梯度和速度分布的影响用图形表示。压延机内部压力随幂律指数和Weissenberg数的增加而减小。随着幂律指数和Weissenberg数的增加,力函数和最终板厚减小。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting
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