Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.003
Ami Cohen , Iris Haimov , Ohad Szepsenwol
The current study examined the sleep quality of Israeli adults following the onset of the Hamas-Israel war, and the associations of reduced sleep quality with the magnitude of war-related anxiety and exposure to adverse war-related events. We also examined whether exposure to stressors during childhood predicts a greater war-related reduction in sleep quality. 536 Israeli adults (mean age 31.4, 209 women) completed an online survey in January 2024, three months into the war. The survey included questionnaires assessing retrospectively childhood harshness (exposure to morbidity and mortality and low socioeconomic status), adverse childhood experiences, and childhood unpredictability. War anxiety was assessed via the war anxiety scale. The participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity Index concerning two time points: (a) retrospectively, before the war, and (b) currently, during the war. Participants reported reduced sleep quality and increased symptoms of insomnia during the war. The magnitude of these changes was predicted by exposure to adverse war experiences both directly and indirectly through war-related anxiety. Poorer sleep quality and increased symptoms of insomnia were also indirectly predicted by childhood exposure to morbidity-mortality of close others and childhood unpredictability through greater war-related anxiety. Thus, exposure to the adverse experiences of war, as well as harsh and unpredictable childhoods, could hinder sleep quality during wartime, with these effects mediated by war-related anxiety.
{"title":"Associations of sleep quality with war-related anxiety, childhood stressors, and war-related stressors in a sample of adult Israeli civilians during the Hamas-Israel war","authors":"Ami Cohen , Iris Haimov , Ohad Szepsenwol","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study examined the sleep quality of Israeli adults following the onset of the Hamas-Israel war, and the associations of reduced sleep quality with the magnitude of war-related anxiety and exposure to adverse war-related events. We also examined whether exposure to stressors during childhood predicts a greater war-related reduction in sleep quality. 536 Israeli adults (mean age 31.4, 209 women) completed an online survey in January 2024, three months into the war. The survey included questionnaires assessing retrospectively childhood harshness (exposure to morbidity and mortality and low socioeconomic status), adverse childhood experiences, and childhood unpredictability. War anxiety was assessed via the war anxiety scale. The participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity Index concerning two time points: (a) retrospectively, before the war, and (b) currently, during the war. Participants reported reduced sleep quality and increased symptoms of insomnia during the war. The magnitude of these changes was predicted by exposure to adverse war experiences both directly and indirectly through war-related anxiety. Poorer sleep quality and increased symptoms of insomnia were also indirectly predicted by childhood exposure to morbidity-mortality of close others and childhood unpredictability through greater war-related anxiety. Thus, exposure to the adverse experiences of war, as well as harsh and unpredictable childhoods, could hinder sleep quality during wartime, with these effects mediated by war-related anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.011
Jaclyn E. Welch , Wenjing Luo , Kyasha J. Ambroise , Yujung N. Choi , Katherine G. Jones , Angelique de Rouen , Sarah K. Fineberg
Depression and some other illnesses are associated with increased self-reference and negative emotion in language. Research findings on lexical patterns in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been inconsistent. We conducted two studies to evaluate lexical markers of distress in BPD: First compared to healthy controls (HC), and later compared to Post-Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed controls (TC).
Study 1 compared language use in BPD (n = 23) to HC (n = 22). Study 2 featured a new sample comprised of 4 subgroups: BPD (n = 26), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; n = 17), comorbid BPD + PTSD (n = 22), and one non-psychiatric trauma control group (TC; n = 29). All participants responded to a standardized prompt from an interviewer and language was analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software to assess for self-referential language, negative emotion words, and physical words, as well as several other language signatures of interest.
No consistent significant between-group differences were found for LIWC categories of self-reference, negative emotion, or physical words, though negative tone words were significantly more frequent in BPD than non-psychiatric controls in both studies. There were also no consistent differences in sample length (either talking time or word count) or social measures across studies.
These data suggest that there are fewer lexical markers of distress in BPD language samples compared to previously reported depression and physical illness samples. Future work using longitudinal approaches to define changes in emotional and cognitive states will be important to clarify the disorder- and state-specificity of lexical markers.
{"title":"Tell Me about yourself: Analyzing self-referential language use in borderline personality disorder","authors":"Jaclyn E. Welch , Wenjing Luo , Kyasha J. Ambroise , Yujung N. Choi , Katherine G. Jones , Angelique de Rouen , Sarah K. Fineberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression and some other illnesses are associated with increased self-reference and negative emotion in language. Research findings on lexical patterns in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been inconsistent. We conducted two studies to evaluate lexical markers of distress in BPD: First compared to healthy controls (HC), and later compared to Post-Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed controls (TC).</div><div>Study 1 compared language use in BPD (n = 23) to HC (n = 22). Study 2 featured a new sample comprised of 4 subgroups: BPD (n = 26), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; n = 17), comorbid BPD + PTSD (n = 22), and one non-psychiatric trauma control group (TC; n = 29). All participants responded to a standardized prompt from an interviewer and language was analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software to assess for self-referential language, negative emotion words, and physical words, as well as several other language signatures of interest.</div><div>No consistent significant between-group differences were found for LIWC categories of self-reference, negative emotion, or physical words, though negative tone words were significantly more frequent in BPD than non-psychiatric controls in both studies. There were also no consistent differences in sample length (either talking time or word count) or social measures across studies.</div><div>These data suggest that there are fewer lexical markers of distress in BPD language samples compared to previously reported depression and physical illness samples. Future work using longitudinal approaches to define changes in emotional and cognitive states will be important to clarify the disorder- and state-specificity of lexical markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 428-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.013
Zhenni Wang , Chen Zhang , Qihui Guo , Qing Fan , Lihui Wang
Existing studies mainly focused on the inhibition of the task-interfering response to understand the inhibitory deficits of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, recent studies suggested that inhibitory function is broadly involved in response preparation and implementation. It is yet unknown if the inhibition dysfunction in OCD extends beyond the task-interfering response to the general inhibitory function. Here we address this issue based on the multidimensional eye-movement measurements, which can better capture the inhibitory deficits than manual responses. Thirty-one OCD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) completed the anti-saccade task where multidimensional eye-movement features were developed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested two components of inhibitory function that negatively correlated with each other: one component of oculomotor hyperactivity in generating oculomotor output which is characterized with early premature saccades, early cross rates and saccade number; the other component of task-specific oculomotor efficiency which is characterized with task accuracy, saccade latency, correction rate, and amplitude gain. Importantly, OCD showed both stronger oculomotor hyperactivity and deficient oculomotor efficiency than HCs, and the machine-learning-based classifications showed that the features of oculomotor hyperactivity had higher prediction accuracy than the features of oculomotor efficiency in distinguishing OCD from HCs. Our results suggested that OCD has concurrent deficits in oculomotor hyperactivity and oculomotor efficiency, which may originate from a common inhibitory dysfunction.
{"title":"Concurrent oculomotor hyperactivity and deficient anti-saccade performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder","authors":"Zhenni Wang , Chen Zhang , Qihui Guo , Qing Fan , Lihui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies mainly focused on the inhibition of the task-interfering response to understand the inhibitory deficits of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, recent studies suggested that inhibitory function is broadly involved in response preparation and implementation. It is yet unknown if the inhibition dysfunction in OCD extends beyond the task-interfering response to the general inhibitory function. Here we address this issue based on the multidimensional eye-movement measurements, which can better capture the inhibitory deficits than manual responses. Thirty-one OCD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) completed the anti-saccade task where multidimensional eye-movement features were developed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested two components of inhibitory function that negatively correlated with each other: one component of oculomotor hyperactivity in generating oculomotor output which is characterized with early premature saccades, early cross rates and saccade number; the other component of task-specific oculomotor efficiency which is characterized with task accuracy, saccade latency, correction rate, and amplitude gain. Importantly, OCD showed both stronger oculomotor hyperactivity and deficient oculomotor efficiency than HCs, and the machine-learning-based classifications showed that the features of oculomotor hyperactivity had higher prediction accuracy than the features of oculomotor efficiency in distinguishing OCD from HCs. Our results suggested that OCD has concurrent deficits in oculomotor hyperactivity and oculomotor efficiency, which may originate from a common inhibitory dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 402-410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.020
Menahem Krakowski , Matthew J. Hoptman , Pal Czobor
The aim of this study was to characterize dysfunctional cerebral activation in patients with schizophrenia while they performed a response inhibition task. To achieve this, performance on the task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were compared between healthy control subjects (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ). We focused on the default mode network (DMN), as there is strong evidence in the literature that lack of DMN suppression in schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment including poor response inhibition. fMRI was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation in 84 subjects (44 SZ and 40 HC) while they performed a Go NoGo task. The subjects were also evaluated for psychiatric symptoms and immediate visual memory.
SZ performed more poorly than HC on the task; they had a higher number of commission errors. On the fMRI, the patients consistently evidenced higher activation than the controls in several areas of the default mode network (DMN) including the precuneus, rostral anterior cingulate, parahippocampus and insula. The higher brain activation in the patients with schizophrenia indicates a failure to deactivate the DMN while they perform the response inhibition task. These findings point to the importance of DMN dysfunction as an underlying cause of impairment in response inhibition in schizophrenia. DMN disruptions play an essential role in the cognitive impairment present in schizophrenia.
本研究旨在描述精神分裂症患者在执行反应抑制任务时大脑激活功能障碍的特征。为此，我们比较了健康对照组（HC）和精神分裂症患者（SZ）在该任务中的表现和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。我们的研究重点是默认模式网络（DMN），因为有充分的文献证据表明，精神分裂症患者的默认模式网络抑制功能缺失与认知功能障碍（包括反应抑制能力差）有关。同时还对受试者的精神症状和即时视觉记忆进行了评估。在这项任务中，SZ 的表现比 HC 更差；他们的犯错次数更高。在 fMRI 上，患者默认模式网络（DMN）的几个区域，包括楔前肌、喙状前扣带回、副海马和岛叶的激活程度始终高于对照组。精神分裂症患者的大脑激活程度较高，这表明他们在执行反应抑制任务时未能使默认模式网络失活。这些研究结果表明，DMN功能失调是精神分裂症患者反应抑制能力受损的重要原因。DMN功能紊乱在精神分裂症患者的认知障碍中起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Dysfunctional activation of the default mode network in response inhibition in schizophrenia","authors":"Menahem Krakowski , Matthew J. Hoptman , Pal Czobor","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to characterize dysfunctional cerebral activation in patients with schizophrenia while they performed a response inhibition task. To achieve this, performance on the task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were compared between healthy control subjects (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ). We focused on the default mode network (DMN), as there is strong evidence in the literature that lack of DMN suppression in schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment including poor response inhibition. fMRI was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation in 84 subjects (44 SZ and 40 HC) while they performed a Go NoGo task. The subjects were also evaluated for psychiatric symptoms and immediate visual memory.</div><div>SZ performed more poorly than HC on the task; they had a higher number of commission errors. On the fMRI, the patients consistently evidenced higher activation than the controls in several areas of the default mode network (DMN) including the precuneus, rostral anterior cingulate, parahippocampus and insula. The higher brain activation in the patients with schizophrenia indicates a failure to deactivate the DMN while they perform the response inhibition task. These findings point to the importance of DMN dysfunction as an underlying cause of impairment in response inhibition in schizophrenia. DMN disruptions play an essential role in the cognitive impairment present in schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 411-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.015
Samuel Reinfeld
Background
Catatonia, characterized by motor, affective, and speech disturbances, is a prevalent yet frequently misdiagnosed syndrome in the psychiatric domain, with reported prevalence ranging from 5% to 18%. This study aimed to ascertain the incidence of catatonia diagnoses and the quality of care provided within the psychiatric emergency room (ER), while also evaluating psychiatrists' general awareness of the syndrome through a survey.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of psychiatric ER records spanning June 18th to August 20th, 2022, was conducted to assess catatonia diagnosis frequency and treatment approaches. A Google Survey was distributed to full-time psychiatrists in the ER, querying their knowledge about catatonia prevalence, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies.
Results
Analysis of 1118 patient records revealed a catatonia diagnosis rate of 0.36% (four cases) in the psychiatric ER. Remarkably, 75% of diagnosed patients were assessed by a single psychiatrist among nine available. Survey responses from all nine ER psychiatrists highlighted that 44% considered encountering catatonia as infrequent, while 33% regarded it as generally rare. Furthermore, 33% expressed willingness to employ potent antipsychotic interventions.
Conclusion
The study revealed a markedly low catatonia detection rate in the psychiatric ER, coupled with inconsistent treatment approaches. Survey findings reflected a considerable proportion of psychiatrists holding outdated perceptions of catatonia.
{"title":"Evaluating catatonia care in the psychiatric emergency room: A retrospective study","authors":"Samuel Reinfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Catatonia, characterized by motor, affective, and speech disturbances, is a prevalent yet frequently misdiagnosed syndrome in the psychiatric domain, with reported prevalence ranging from 5% to 18%. This study aimed to ascertain the incidence of catatonia diagnoses and the quality of care provided within the psychiatric emergency room (ER), while also evaluating psychiatrists' general awareness of the syndrome through a survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of psychiatric ER records spanning June 18th to August 20th, 2022, was conducted to assess catatonia diagnosis frequency and treatment approaches. A Google Survey was distributed to full-time psychiatrists in the ER, querying their knowledge about catatonia prevalence, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of 1118 patient records revealed a catatonia diagnosis rate of 0.36% (four cases) in the psychiatric ER. Remarkably, 75% of diagnosed patients were assessed by a single psychiatrist among nine available. Survey responses from all nine ER psychiatrists highlighted that 44% considered encountering catatonia as infrequent, while 33% regarded it as generally rare. Furthermore, 33% expressed willingness to employ potent antipsychotic interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed a markedly low catatonia detection rate in the psychiatric ER, coupled with inconsistent treatment approaches. Survey findings reflected a considerable proportion of psychiatrists holding outdated perceptions of catatonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 439-442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been a concerning rise in mental illness among children and adolescents. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and depression are the most prevalent diagnoses in this field. Research suggests that yoga as a complementary treatment offers relief from mental symptoms and has already been successfully applied in adult healthcare settings.
Objective
The objective of this review is to provide an integrative summary of the existing research on the feasibility and effectiveness of yoga as a school-based intervention and complementary intervention in psychiatric care for children and adolescents.
Methods
An integrative literature review was conducted, employing a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The review was based on 16 selected articles, which presented data from more than 1000 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years and encompassed a variety of study designs. Literature searches were carried out systematically and unsystematically in February 2023, across three chosen databases.
Results
Yoga interventions consistently yielded positive outcomes in multiple domains. In this review, the findings are categorized into five themes: alleviated symptoms of psychiatric conditions; strengthened self-control and behavioral changes; improved cognitive functioning; refined relaxation; enhanced well-being. By improving psychiatric symptoms, enhancing self-control, promoting relaxation, and fostering overall well-being, yoga offers a multifaceted approach toward improving mental and physical health in children and adolescents.
Conclusion
This comprehensive review presents compelling evidence of the positive benefits of yoga as a complementary intervention for a wide range of psychological symptoms and cognitive functions in children and adolescents. In order to further validate and consolidate these findings, there is a pressing need for future studies to provide more robust evidence and a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention in this context.
{"title":"Yoga for children and adolescents: A decade-long integrative review on feasibility and efficacy in school-based and psychiatric care interventions","authors":"Nóra Kerekes , Alexandra Söderström , Christine Holmberg , Britt Hedman Ahlström","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There has been a concerning rise in mental illness among children and adolescents. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and depression are the most prevalent diagnoses in this field. Research suggests that yoga as a complementary treatment offers relief from mental symptoms and has already been successfully applied in adult healthcare settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this review is to provide an integrative summary of the existing research on the feasibility and effectiveness of yoga as a school-based intervention and complementary intervention in psychiatric care for children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An integrative literature review was conducted, employing a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The review was based on 16 selected articles, which presented data from more than 1000 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years and encompassed a variety of study designs. Literature searches were carried out systematically and unsystematically in February 2023, across three chosen databases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Yoga interventions consistently yielded positive outcomes in multiple domains. In this review, the findings are categorized into five themes: alleviated symptoms of psychiatric conditions; strengthened self-control and behavioral changes; improved cognitive functioning; refined relaxation; enhanced well-being. By improving psychiatric symptoms, enhancing self-control, promoting relaxation, and fostering overall well-being, yoga offers a multifaceted approach toward improving mental and physical health in children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This comprehensive review presents compelling evidence of the positive benefits of yoga as a complementary intervention for a wide range of psychological symptoms and cognitive functions in children and adolescents. In order to further validate and consolidate these findings, there is a pressing need for future studies to provide more robust evidence and a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 489-499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.010
Soroush Oraee , Mohammadreza Alinejadfard , Hossein Golsorkh , Majid Sadeghian , Maryam Fanaei , Rosella Centis , Lia D'Ambrosio , Giovanni Sotgiu , Hossein Goudarzi , Giovanni Battista Migliori , Mohammad Javad Nasiri
A large number of people worldwide grapple with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and a significant portion of them confront resistance to conventional antidepressant treatments. Esketamine, an innovative intervention, has garnered attention due to its rapid-acting antidepressant effects. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of esketamine in individuals with MDD and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). We performed an extensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, covering the period from inception to January 15, 2024, to identify clinical trials investigating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of esketamine in individuals with MDD and TRD. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model, with the risk ratio (RR) chosen as the effect size. After screening, nine studies met inclusion criteria comprising 1752 patients. Esketamine dosages varied from 28 to 84 mg, administered intranasally in conjunction with an oral antidepressant. Intranasal esketamine exhibited significantly higher remission rates compared to the placebo (RR = 1.371, 95% CI: 1.194 to 1.574, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the 84 mg and flexible doses were particularly effective. Moreover, intranasal esketamine demonstrated higher response rates compared to the placebo (RR = 1.274, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.465, p-value = 0.001). Although adverse events were common in the esketamine group, they were generally tolerable. Intranasal esketamine demonstrated effectiveness in reducing scores among patients with MDD and TRD. The drug exhibited both safety and tolerability. However, further research is warranted to investigate its long-term effects and efficacy in specific patient subgroups.
{"title":"Intranasal esketamine for patients with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Soroush Oraee , Mohammadreza Alinejadfard , Hossein Golsorkh , Majid Sadeghian , Maryam Fanaei , Rosella Centis , Lia D'Ambrosio , Giovanni Sotgiu , Hossein Goudarzi , Giovanni Battista Migliori , Mohammad Javad Nasiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large number of people worldwide grapple with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and a significant portion of them confront resistance to conventional antidepressant treatments. Esketamine, an innovative intervention, has garnered attention due to its rapid-acting antidepressant effects. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of esketamine in individuals with MDD and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). We performed an extensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, covering the period from inception to January 15, 2024, to identify clinical trials investigating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of esketamine in individuals with MDD and TRD. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model, with the risk ratio (RR) chosen as the effect size. After screening, nine studies met inclusion criteria comprising 1752 patients. Esketamine dosages varied from 28 to 84 mg, administered intranasally in conjunction with an oral antidepressant. Intranasal esketamine exhibited significantly higher remission rates compared to the placebo (RR = 1.371, 95% CI: 1.194 to 1.574, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the 84 mg and flexible doses were particularly effective. Moreover, intranasal esketamine demonstrated higher response rates compared to the placebo (RR = 1.274, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.465, p-value = 0.001). Although adverse events were common in the esketamine group, they were generally tolerable. Intranasal esketamine demonstrated effectiveness in reducing scores among patients with MDD and TRD. The drug exhibited both safety and tolerability. However, further research is warranted to investigate its long-term effects and efficacy in specific patient subgroups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diagnosis and treatment of adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been a clinical focus. We examined the hemodynamic changes in verbal fluency tasks (VFT) of adolescents with depression and NSSI, and its association with NSSI indexes.
Methods
Seventy-three adolescents with depression and NSSI and sixty-nine healthy controls (HCs) were employed. The VFT was performed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Independent-sample t-test, correlation analysis, and liner regression were measured.
Results
In the VFT, reduced hemodynamic changes were found in the NSSI group, including thirteen channels. Totally seven ROIs were defined according to which brain region these channels had the largest coverage and other channels that also belonged to it. They are the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG, t = −2.53, FDR corrected p = 0.02), right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG, t = −3.47, FDR corrected p = 0.002), right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG, t = −2.98, FDR corrected p = 0.005), left middle frontal gyrus (LMFG, t = −3.26, FDR corrected p = 0.002), left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG, t = −2.80, FDR corrected p = 0.001), left precentral gyrus (LPrCG, t = −2.22, FDR corrected p = 0.03), and left supramarginal gyrus (LSMG, t = −2.20, FDR corrected p = 0.03). Negative correlations were found between the frequency of NSSI and the bilateral IFG (RIFG, r = −0.28, p = 0.01; LIFG, r = −0.26, p = 0.03). BDI and BAI have positive correlations with the frequency of NSSI (BDI: r = 0.42, FDR corrected p < 0.001; BAI: r = 0.41, FDR corrected p < 0.001), but results of liner regression showed that both of them do not affect the association between the frequency of NSSI and hemodynamic changes in bilateral IFG (RIFG, p = 0.01; LIFG, p = 0.04).
Conclusion
Adolescents with depression and NSSI have worse performance in the VFT, and lower activation in the bilateral IFG may represent a higher frequency of NSSI. These results help physicians enhance the understanding of adolescents with depression and NSSI.
背景：青少年非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的诊断和治疗一直是临床关注的焦点。我们研究了患有抑郁症和NSSI的青少年在言语流利性任务（VFT）中的血液动力学变化及其与NSSI指标的关联：方法：我们选取了 73 名患有抑郁症和 NSSI 的青少年以及 69 名健康对照组（HCs）。采用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）进行 VFT 检测。研究采用独立样本 t 检验、相关分析和衬垫回归法进行测量：结果：在 VFT 中发现，NSSI 组的血液动力学变化减少，包括 13 个通道。根据这些通道覆盖范围最大的脑区及其所属的其他通道，共定义了七个 ROI。它们分别是右额叶下回（RIFG，t = -2.53，FDR 校正后 p = 0.02）、右额叶中回（RMFG，t = -3.47，FDR 校正后 p = 0.002）、右额叶上回（RSFG，t = -2.98，FDR 校正后 p = 0.005）、左额叶中回（LMFG，t = -3.26，FDR 校正后 p = 0.005）、右额叶下回（RIFG，t = -2.53，FDR 校正后 p = 0.02）、右额叶中回（RMFG，t = -3.47，FDR 校正后 p = 0.002）、右额叶上回（RSFG，t = -2.98，FDR 校正后 p = 0.005）。26，FDR 校正 p = 0.002）、左额下回（LIFG，t = -2.80，FDR 校正 p = 0.001）、左中央前回（LPrCG，t = -2.22，FDR 校正 p = 0.03）和左边际上回（LSMG，t = -2.20，FDR 校正 p = 0.03）。NSSI频率与双侧IFG之间呈负相关（RIFG，r = -0.28，p = 0.01；LIFG，r = -0.26，p = 0.03）。BDI 和 BAI 与 NSSI 的频率呈正相关（BDI：r = 0.42，FDR 校正 p 结论：BDI 和 BAI 与 NSSI 的频率呈正相关：患有抑郁症和 NSSI 的青少年在 VFT 中的表现较差，而双侧 IFG 的激活较低可能代表 NSSI 的频率较高。这些结果有助于医生加深对患有抑郁症和 NSSI 的青少年的了解。
{"title":"The role of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among depressed adolescents: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study during verbal fluency tasks","authors":"Ziyang Peng , Xiaoli Liu , Fang Cheng , Yuanyuan Yin , Meng Chen , Jiyu Xie , Wenwu Zhang , Dongsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The diagnosis and treatment of adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been a clinical focus. We examined the hemodynamic changes in verbal fluency tasks (VFT) of adolescents with depression and NSSI, and its association with NSSI indexes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-three adolescents with depression and NSSI and sixty-nine healthy controls (HCs) were employed. The VFT was performed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Independent-sample <em>t</em>-test, correlation analysis, and liner regression were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the VFT, reduced hemodynamic changes were found in the NSSI group, including thirteen channels. Totally seven ROIs were defined according to which brain region these channels had the largest coverage and other channels that also belonged to it. They are the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG, <em>t</em> = −2.53, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.02), right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG, <em>t</em> = −3.47, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.002), right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG, <em>t</em> = −2.98, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.005), left middle frontal gyrus (LMFG, <em>t</em> = −3.26, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.002), left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG, <em>t</em> = −2.80, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.001), left precentral gyrus (LPrCG, t = −2.22, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.03), and left supramarginal gyrus (LSMG, t = −2.20, <em>FDR corrected p</em> = 0.03). Negative correlations were found between the frequency of NSSI and the bilateral IFG (RIFG, <em>r</em> = −0.28, <em>p</em> = 0.01; LIFG, <em>r</em> = −0.26, <em>p</em> = 0.03). BDI and BAI have positive correlations with the frequency of NSSI (BDI: r = 0.42, FDR corrected p < 0.001; BAI: r = 0.41, FDR corrected p < 0.001), but results of liner regression showed that both of them do not affect the association between the frequency of NSSI and hemodynamic changes in bilateral IFG (RIFG, p = 0.01; LIFG, p = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adolescents with depression and NSSI have worse performance in the VFT, and lower activation in the bilateral IFG may represent a higher frequency of NSSI. These results help physicians enhance the understanding of adolescents with depression and NSSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.012
Elena M. Tullius, Georg Halbeisen, Georgios Paslakis
Objective
Body dissatisfaction is an important risk factor for developing eating disorders. This study investigated whether pairing images of normatively “healthy” weight bodies of women with positive stimuli, and images of bodies outside the healthy range (e.g., underweight) with neutral stimuli, could improve body dissatisfaction.
Methods
We compared behavioral and rating data from 121 adult women who participated in an online study and were randomly assigned to an intervention condition (in which healthy body mass predicted positive stimuli) or a control condition (with no contingency between body mass and stimulus valence).
Results
Behavioral data showed that women in the intervention condition, compared to the control condition, learned to associate healthy bodies with positive valence. Having learned to associate healthy bodies with positive valence, in turn, predicted reductions in body dissatisfaction. The intervention and control conditions were not directly associated with changes in body dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
Learning to associate healthy bodies with any positive stimuli could be a relevant mechanism for understanding and predicting improvements in women's body dissatisfaction. Further research is required regarding the impact of contingency learning on the evaluation of other bodies, and the selection of other bodies for body-related social comparison processes.
{"title":"Can evaluative pairings of others’ bodies improve body dissatisfaction indirectly? A randomized-controlled online study with adult women","authors":"Elena M. Tullius, Georg Halbeisen, Georgios Paslakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Body dissatisfaction is an important risk factor for developing eating disorders. This study investigated whether pairing images of normatively “healthy” weight bodies of women with positive stimuli, and images of bodies outside the healthy range (e.g., underweight) with neutral stimuli, could improve body dissatisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared behavioral and rating data from 121 adult women who participated in an online study and were randomly assigned to an intervention condition (in which healthy body mass predicted positive stimuli) or a control condition (with no contingency between body mass and stimulus valence).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioral data showed that women in the intervention condition, compared to the control condition, learned to associate healthy bodies with positive valence. Having learned to associate healthy bodies with positive valence, in turn, predicted reductions in body dissatisfaction. The intervention and control conditions were not directly associated with changes in body dissatisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Learning to associate healthy bodies with any positive stimuli could be a relevant mechanism for understanding and predicting improvements in women's body dissatisfaction. Further research is required regarding the impact of contingency learning on the evaluation of other bodies, and the selection of other bodies for body-related social comparison processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.009
Annabell Jäger , Anima Pieper , Kathlen Priebe , Rainer Hellweg , Kristina Meyer , Sarah Herrmann , Bernd Wolfarth , Maximilian Grummt , Andreas Ströhle , Nikola Schoofs
Background
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein important for synaptic plasticity and formation of memory. It is suggested to play an important role in the development of psychiatric disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD usually show decreased BDNF levels in serum. Physical exercise has shown to be effective in increasing serum BDNF levels.
Objective
As the most beneficial form of exercise to raise serum BDNF levels in individuals with PTSD is yet to be determined, we compared two training protocols and their effects on BDNF release. We expected that a training with higher intensity increases BDNF serum levels more than a low intensity training (LIT).
Method
40 participants (80% female) diagnosed with PTSD were randomized to either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or a low intensity training group (LIT). They underwent a 12-day training period. We measured serum BDNF levels pre- and post-exercise on first and last intervention day. BDNF was controlled for platelet counts.
Results
In the HIIT group there was a significant increase in serum BDNF post-exercise on both days measured, respectively when controlled for platelets. The increase was transient. Both groups did not show an increase in serum BDNF over the course of the 12-day training period.
Conclusion
A single session of HIIT raised serum BDNF levels in individuals with PTSD transiently. Neither HIIT nor LIT raised serum BDNF levels over the course of 12 days.
{"title":"Effects of high intensity interval training on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in individuals with PTSD","authors":"Annabell Jäger , Anima Pieper , Kathlen Priebe , Rainer Hellweg , Kristina Meyer , Sarah Herrmann , Bernd Wolfarth , Maximilian Grummt , Andreas Ströhle , Nikola Schoofs","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein important for synaptic plasticity and formation of memory. It is suggested to play an important role in the development of psychiatric disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD usually show decreased BDNF levels in serum. Physical exercise has shown to be effective in increasing serum BDNF levels.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>As the most beneficial form of exercise to raise serum BDNF levels in individuals with PTSD is yet to be determined, we compared two training protocols and their effects on BDNF release. We expected that a training with higher intensity increases BDNF serum levels more than a low intensity training (LIT).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>40 participants (80% female) diagnosed with PTSD were randomized to either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or a low intensity training group (LIT). They underwent a 12-day training period. We measured serum BDNF levels pre- and post-exercise on first and last intervention day. BDNF was controlled for platelet counts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the HIIT group there was a significant increase in serum BDNF post-exercise on both days measured, respectively when controlled for platelets. The increase was transient. Both groups did not show an increase in serum BDNF over the course of the 12-day training period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single session of HIIT raised serum BDNF levels in individuals with PTSD transiently. Neither HIIT nor LIT raised serum BDNF levels over the course of 12 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 355-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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