Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.027
Myra J. Cooper , Esben Strodl
This study investigated the relationship between early childhood experiences and eating disorder related core beliefs in the context of cognitive behavioural models of eating disorders highlighting the role of core beliefs or schema. A non-clinical sample of 736 participants (87 % female) was recruited and completed online self report questionnaires. Given the complexity of the relationship between the independent (parental bonding) and dependent (eating disorder related core belief) variables canonical correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between the two variable sets. Five functions explained 27.4 % of the variance shared between the two variable sets, and indicated one significant canonical function. Mother and father levels of care and overprotection were the strongest predictors of participant self ratings of the core beliefs self-loathing and abandonment. The results support an association between adverse childhood experiences and negative core beliefs in those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, a key link in cognitive behavioural models of eating disorders. It will, of course, be important to seek to replicate this work in a clinical eating disorder sample.
{"title":"Parental bonding and eating disorder core beliefs in a non-clinical sample","authors":"Myra J. Cooper , Esben Strodl","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the relationship between early childhood experiences and eating disorder related core beliefs in the context of cognitive behavioural models of eating disorders highlighting the role of core beliefs or schema. A non-clinical sample of 736 participants (87 % female) was recruited and completed online self report questionnaires. Given the complexity of the relationship between the independent (parental bonding) and dependent (eating disorder related core belief) variables canonical correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between the two variable sets. Five functions explained 27.4 % of the variance shared between the two variable sets, and indicated one significant canonical function. Mother and father levels of care and overprotection were the strongest predictors of participant self ratings of the core beliefs self-loathing and abandonment. The results support an association between adverse childhood experiences and negative core beliefs in those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, a key link in cognitive behavioural models of eating disorders. It will, of course, be important to seek to replicate this work in a clinical eating disorder sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.021
Gwynnevere Suter , Ian Apperly , Lei Zhang , Emma Černis
Reality monitoring is the ability to remember whether information was internally- or externally-generated and is often impaired in clinical populations. Though an altered sense of reality characterizes both dissociation and psychosis, no review has compared reality monitoring between them. This paper compares these fields to inform the relation between dissociation and psychosis and the role of reality monitoring in mental health.
First, a systematic review identified four eligible high-quality papers (according to Kmet and Lee's Quantitative Checklist; n = 482) which measured dissociation directly and tested reality monitoring experimentally. Meta-analysis indicated a small significant negative association between reality monitoring and dissociation (Correlation = −0.013, [-0.22, −0.04]), implying reality monitoring impairment in dissociation. Papers were identified from inception to May 15, 2025 through searching Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, EMBASE, and MEDLINE.
Next, a narrative review of psychosis and reality monitoring, covering pre-existing systematic reviews and original articles, indicated variation across the clinical spectrum. While clinical psychosis was robustly associated with impaired reality monitoring ability and externalising bias, results at non-clinical and sub-clinical levels were mixed.
Finally, the reviews were compared to understand how reality monitoring and research practices vary across dissociation and psychosis. This indicated that both dissociation and psychosis are associated with impaired reality monitoring. Though this suggests a shared cognitive basis, no papers on dissociation included clinical presentations or bias towards internalising/externalising the item's source, meaning any comparison is incomplete. Future research should consider clinical dissociation, reality monitoring bias in dissociation, and compare dissociation and psychosis directly.
现实监测是记住信息是内部产生还是外部产生的能力，在临床人群中经常受损。虽然现实感的改变都是精神分裂和精神病的特征，但没有评论比较过它们之间的现实监测。本文将这些领域进行比较，以了解分离与精神病之间的关系以及现实监测在心理健康中的作用。首先，系统回顾确定了四篇合格的高质量论文（根据Kmet和Lee的定量清单；n = 482），这些论文直接测量了解离，并通过实验测试了现实监测。meta分析显示，现实监测与解离之间存在显著负相关（相关系数= -0.013,[-0.22,-0.04]），表明现实监测存在解离障碍。通过检索Web of Science、Scopus、PsycINFO、PsycARTICLES、EMBASE和MEDLINE，确定论文从成立到2025年5月15日。接下来，一篇关于精神病和现实监测的叙述性综述，涵盖了已有的系统综述和原始文章，指出了临床谱上的差异。虽然临床精神病与现实监测能力受损和外化偏见密切相关，但非临床和亚临床水平的结果却参差不齐。最后，对这些综述进行比较，以了解现实监测和研究实践在分离和精神病之间的差异。这表明分离和精神病都与现实监测受损有关。虽然这表明有共同的认知基础，但没有关于分离的论文包括临床表现或对内化/外化项目来源的偏见，这意味着任何比较都是不完整的。未来的研究应考虑临床解离、解离中的现实监测偏差，并将解离与精神病进行直接比较。
{"title":"Reality monitoring across disorders of reality: Systematic and narrative reviews of dissociation and psychosis","authors":"Gwynnevere Suter , Ian Apperly , Lei Zhang , Emma Černis","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reality monitoring is the ability to remember whether information was internally- or externally-generated and is often impaired in clinical populations. Though an altered sense of reality characterizes both dissociation and psychosis, no review has compared reality monitoring between them. This paper compares these fields to inform the relation between dissociation and psychosis and the role of reality monitoring in mental health.</div><div>First, a systematic review identified four eligible high-quality papers (according to Kmet and Lee's Quantitative Checklist; <em>n</em> = 482) which measured dissociation directly and tested reality monitoring experimentally. Meta-analysis indicated a small significant negative association between reality monitoring and dissociation (Correlation = −0.013, [-0.22, −0.04]), implying reality monitoring impairment in dissociation. Papers were identified from inception to May 15, 2025 through searching Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, EMBASE, and MEDLINE.</div><div>Next, a narrative review of psychosis and reality monitoring, covering pre-existing systematic reviews and original articles, indicated variation across the clinical spectrum. While clinical psychosis was robustly associated with impaired reality monitoring ability and externalising bias, results at non-clinical and sub-clinical levels were mixed.</div><div>Finally, the reviews were compared to understand how reality monitoring and research practices vary across dissociation and psychosis. This indicated that both dissociation and psychosis are associated with impaired reality monitoring. Though this suggests a shared cognitive basis, no papers on dissociation included clinical presentations or bias towards internalising/externalising the item's source, meaning any comparison is incomplete. Future research should consider clinical dissociation, reality monitoring bias in dissociation, and compare dissociation and psychosis directly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.026
Zhiqiang Chen , Shuaibo Wang , Yifei Wang
Pruritus triggers scratching-induced skin damage and anxiety/depression, forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates inflammatory skin diseases. The insular cortex (IC) integrates itch and emotional processing, while the lateral habenula (LHb) regulates depression.Using acute (3-day) and chronic (14-day) histamine-induced murine itch models combined with chemogenetic manipulation, we demonstrate that the insular cortex (IC) bidirectionally regulates acute itch and anxiety-like behaviors, whereas chronic itch engages the IC-lateral habenula (LHb) circuit to drive comorbid depression. These results establish the IC–LHb circuit as a critical mechanistic driver of chronic itch–associated affective comorbidities. They further highlight serotonergic modulation of this pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory itch.
{"title":"Insular cortex-lateral habenula circuit mediates chronic itch-associated affective comorbidities","authors":"Zhiqiang Chen , Shuaibo Wang , Yifei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pruritus triggers scratching-induced skin damage and anxiety/depression, forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates inflammatory skin diseases. The insular cortex (IC) integrates itch and emotional processing, while the lateral habenula (LHb) regulates depression.Using acute (3-day) and chronic (14-day) histamine-induced murine itch models combined with chemogenetic manipulation, we demonstrate that the insular cortex (IC) bidirectionally regulates acute itch and anxiety-like behaviors, whereas chronic itch engages the IC-lateral habenula (LHb) circuit to drive comorbid depression. These results establish the IC–LHb circuit as a critical mechanistic driver of chronic itch–associated affective comorbidities. They further highlight serotonergic modulation of this pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory itch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness that requires long-term treatment. Reports from patients of cognitive dulling have prompted research into the impact of long-term Lithium treatment on cognition. The present systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of Lithium on neurocognitive disorder outcomes in older patients with bipolar disorder.
Method
A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and EBSCO. Study inclusion was based on concrete inclusion/exclusion criteria. The literature search and the final study selection were conducted in four stages. Included studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies, and the Modifications to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies.
Results
The original search yielded a total of 8285 records. Among these, nine studies were included in the systematic review. Eight out of nine studies did not support an association between Lithium treatment and increased risk of neurocognitive disorders. One study found that the association between bipolar disorder and neurocognitive disorder may be mediated by Lithium treatment.
Conclusion
There is no conclusive evidence that long-term Lithium treatment is harmful with respect to neurocognitive outcomes in older patients with bipolar disorder. Beyond its efficacy as a mood-stabilizer, accumulating evidence supports Lithium's neurotrophic effects. To date, there is enough evidence to support Lithium maintenance as a first-line treatment for older patients with bipolar disorder.
{"title":"Lithium treatment and risk of neurocognitive disorders in older patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Eleni Parlapani , Anna Kirka , Vasiliki Holeva , Stergios Kaprinis","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness that requires long-term treatment. Reports from patients of cognitive dulling have prompted research into the impact of long-term Lithium treatment on cognition. The present systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of Lithium on neurocognitive disorder outcomes in older patients with bipolar disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and EBSCO. Study inclusion was based on concrete inclusion/exclusion criteria. The literature search and the final study selection were conducted in four stages. Included studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies, and the Modifications to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The original search yielded a total of 8285 records. Among these, nine studies were included in the systematic review. Eight out of nine studies did not support an association between Lithium treatment and increased risk of neurocognitive disorders. One study found that the association between bipolar disorder and neurocognitive disorder may be mediated by Lithium treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is no conclusive evidence that long-term Lithium treatment is harmful with respect to neurocognitive outcomes in older patients with bipolar disorder. Beyond its efficacy as a mood-stabilizer, accumulating evidence supports Lithium's neurotrophic effects. To date, there is enough evidence to support Lithium maintenance as a first-line treatment for older patients with bipolar disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.024
CongYuan Liao , Yi Hou , DongKui Li , Dong Yang , Ying Li
Background
Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), pose a significant global public health challenge. This meta-analysis examines the relationship between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs. Although prior research suggests associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs, the strength and direction of these relationships remain inconsistent.
Methods
This meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes from studies in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, using a three-level meta-analytic model to examine associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs.
Results
A total of 33 studies with 113 effect sizes (N = 23,772) were analyzed. Significant negative correlations were found between self-concept and suicidal ideation (r = −0.234), and suicide attempts (r = −0.194). The correlation with NSSI (r = −0.258) was not stable. Significant heterogeneity was present, but no significant moderators were found. No publication bias was identified. Self-concept clarity was negatively associated with suicidal ideation (r = −0.295) and NSSI (r = −0.257). The association with suicide attempts (r = −0.244) was inconclusive. The results for self-concept clarity should be considered exploratory, and no publication bias, sensitivity, or moderator tests were conducted due to the limited number of effect sizes.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis highlights some significant, albeit small, negative associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs. However, due to the limited number of studies and effect sizes, some results should be considered exploratory. Future research should explore potential mediating and moderating factors and examine longitudinal relationships to better understand the causal pathways.
{"title":"The association between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SI, SA, and NSSI): A three-level meta-analysis","authors":"CongYuan Liao , Yi Hou , DongKui Li , Dong Yang , Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), pose a significant global public health challenge. This meta-analysis examines the relationship between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs. Although prior research suggests associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs, the strength and direction of these relationships remain inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes from studies in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, using a three-level meta-analytic model to examine associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 33 studies with 113 effect sizes (N = 23,772) were analyzed. Significant negative correlations were found between self-concept and suicidal ideation (r = −0.234), and suicide attempts (r = −0.194). The correlation with NSSI (r = −0.258) was not stable. Significant heterogeneity was present, but no significant moderators were found. No publication bias was identified. Self-concept clarity was negatively associated with suicidal ideation (r = −0.295) and NSSI (r = −0.257). The association with suicide attempts (r = −0.244) was inconclusive. The results for self-concept clarity should be considered exploratory, and no publication bias, sensitivity, or moderator tests were conducted due to the limited number of effect sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This meta-analysis highlights some significant, albeit small, negative associations between self-concept, self-concept clarity, and SITBs. However, due to the limited number of studies and effect sizes, some results should be considered exploratory. Future research should explore potential mediating and moderating factors and examine longitudinal relationships to better understand the causal pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.018
Dan Luo , Chunfeng Zhao , Lisha Nie , Yu Yin , Xiaoqing Liu , Haoyue Yu , Fuqin Wang , Heng Chen , Heng Liu
Objective
To investigate microstructural and lateralization abnormalities of white matter (WM) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using automated fiber quantification tractography, assess their relationship with behavioral symptoms, and analyze developmental trajectories of WM tracts with age.
Materials and methods
This study analyzed diffusion tensor imaging data of 36 children with ASD (mean age, 5.44 ± 0.95 years; male:female, 28:8) and 27 healthy controls (mean age, 5.06 ± 1.83 years; male:female, 17:10) using automated fiber quantification. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was applied to distinguish ASD from healthy controls (HC) based on WM metrics.
Results
ASD children exhibited local WM abnormalities, atypical lateralization, and impaired age-related development of WM. The callosum forceps major (CF_major) and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairments correlated with social impairments, while CF_major and right thalamic radiation impairments correlated with repetitive behaviors. The cingulum cingulate was atypically lateralized and negatively correlated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. SVM classification based on WM metrics achieved 75 % accuracy (AUC = 0.81) in distinguishing ASD from HC.
Conclusions
Children with ASD show subtle microstructural abnormalities, atypical lateralization patterns, and delayed development of WM tracts, correlated with behavioral symptoms. SVM classification supports the discriminative utility of WM metrics as potential ASD biomarkers.
{"title":"Alterations in white matter integrity and asymmetry in children with autism spectrum disorder: an automated fiber quantification tractography study","authors":"Dan Luo , Chunfeng Zhao , Lisha Nie , Yu Yin , Xiaoqing Liu , Haoyue Yu , Fuqin Wang , Heng Chen , Heng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate microstructural and lateralization abnormalities of white matter (WM) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using automated fiber quantification tractography, assess their relationship with behavioral symptoms, and analyze developmental trajectories of WM tracts with age.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This study analyzed diffusion tensor imaging data of 36 children with ASD (mean age, 5.44 ± 0.95 years; male:female, 28:8) and 27 healthy controls (mean age, 5.06 ± 1.83 years; male:female, 17:10) using automated fiber quantification. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was applied to distinguish ASD from healthy controls (HC) based on WM metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ASD children exhibited local WM abnormalities, atypical lateralization, and impaired age-related development of WM. The callosum forceps major (CF_major) and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairments correlated with social impairments, while CF_major and right thalamic radiation impairments correlated with repetitive behaviors. The cingulum cingulate was atypically lateralized and negatively correlated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. SVM classification based on WM metrics achieved 75 % accuracy (AUC = 0.81) in distinguishing ASD from HC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children with ASD show subtle microstructural abnormalities, atypical lateralization patterns, and delayed development of WM tracts, correlated with behavioral symptoms. SVM classification supports the discriminative utility of WM metrics as potential ASD biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.020
Ludivine Ritz , Nicolas Mauny , Charlotte Montcharmont , Hélène Beaunieux , Pierre Maurage
Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) represents a functional relationship between alcohol use and eating behaviors, in which individuals engage in disordered eating to enhance alcohol intoxication and/or compensate for alcohol-related caloric intake. FAD is highly prevalent among young adults, particularly University students. While the biopsychosocial correlates of FAD are documented, its specific neurocognitive correlates remain unexplored, despite extensive literature describing the distinct neurocognitive correlates of alcohol consumption and eating disorders. We therefore investigated whether FAD is associated with neurocognitive correlates in university students and examined whether different FAD sub-dimensions relate to distinct cognitive profiles. We assessed FAD in 130 French university students using the CEBRACS scale and administered an extensive neuropsychological battery measuring visuospatial abilities, episodic memory, and executive functions. We compared cognitive performance between individuals who do and do not engage in FAD and then conducted exploratory multivariate regression analyses to identify variations in cognitive profiles across the CEBRACS subscales. The general comparison between individuals who do and do not engage in FAD did not reveal significant differences. Conversely, analyses of the CEBRACS subscales identified specific patterns: (1) dietary restraint was associated with poorer visuospatial abilities and verbal episodic memory; (2) purging behaviors were associated with lower executive functioning but improved visual episodic memory; (3) extreme fasting and self-induced vomiting were associated with poorer visual episodic memory performance but higher executive functioning. These findings suggest that FAD is an umbrella term encompassing various cognitive profiles according to the distinct eating behaviors involved and highlight the importance of considering the subcomponents of FAD when exploring its neurocognitive correlates.
{"title":"Neurocognitive correlates of Food and Alcohol Disturbances: An integrated neuropsychological investigation","authors":"Ludivine Ritz , Nicolas Mauny , Charlotte Montcharmont , Hélène Beaunieux , Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) represents a functional relationship between alcohol use and eating behaviors, in which individuals engage in disordered eating to enhance alcohol intoxication and/or compensate for alcohol-related caloric intake. FAD is highly prevalent among young adults, particularly University students. While the biopsychosocial correlates of FAD are documented, its specific neurocognitive correlates remain unexplored, despite extensive literature describing the distinct neurocognitive correlates of alcohol consumption and eating disorders. We therefore investigated whether FAD is associated with neurocognitive correlates in university students and examined whether different FAD sub-dimensions relate to distinct cognitive profiles. We assessed FAD in 130 French university students using the CEBRACS scale and administered an extensive neuropsychological battery measuring visuospatial abilities, episodic memory, and executive functions. We compared cognitive performance between individuals who do and do not engage in FAD and then conducted exploratory multivariate regression analyses to identify variations in cognitive profiles across the CEBRACS subscales. The general comparison between individuals who do and do not engage in FAD did not reveal significant differences. Conversely, analyses of the CEBRACS subscales identified specific patterns: (1) dietary restraint was associated with poorer visuospatial abilities and verbal episodic memory; (2) purging behaviors were associated with lower executive functioning but improved visual episodic memory; (3) extreme fasting and self-induced vomiting were associated with poorer visual episodic memory performance but higher executive functioning. These findings suggest that FAD is an umbrella term encompassing various cognitive profiles according to the distinct eating behaviors involved and highlight the importance of considering the subcomponents of FAD when exploring its neurocognitive correlates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 339-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.019
Chun-Chao Huang , Hui-Chun Huang , Huei-Yu Tsai , Hsin-Fan Chiang , Cheng-Chih Hsieh , Shih-Yang Wei , Chen-Yuan Kuo , Shen-Ing Liu , Ching-Po Lin
Background
Depression is associated with accelerated brain aging. Bright light therapy (BLT) shows promise in treating depression and alleviating cognitive deficits, but it remains unclear if BLT can improve brain age and if clinical benefits are related to changes in brain age. This study evaluates the impact of BLT on brain age in depression and explores the relationship between symptomatic improvement and changes in brain age.
Methods
This study reanalyzed data from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing BLT to dim red light (dRL) therapy. Scores from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after therapy. Brain MRI scans estimated individual brain age gap (BAG), which was the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age. BAGs were calculated for global and cognition-specific domains (executive function, memory, language, and vision). Changes in clinical scores and BAG were assessed within and between groups, including analyses based on symptom improvement.
Results
The study included 21 participants in the BLT group and 18 in the dRL group. Both groups showed improvements in clinical scores without significant between-group differences. Although there were no group differences in BAG, the combined group had a significantly younger BAG in global, vision, and language domains after intervention. Additionally, patients with improvement in PHQ-9 scores showed reduced BAG in global brain and executive function domains and greater improvement in PHQ-9 was correlated with a younger executive function brain age.
Conclusion
No specific effect of BLT on brain age was observed compared with the control group. However, reductions in global and executive function brain age were associated with subjective symptom improvement, suggesting a potential role of placebo effects or neuroplasticity. These findings highlight the importance of considering subjective measures and brain aging biomarkers in evaluating antidepressant interventions.
{"title":"The placebo effect on depressive symptoms and brain age in patients with depression: a reanalysis study of a randomized controlled clinical trial on the antidepressive effect of bright light therapy","authors":"Chun-Chao Huang , Hui-Chun Huang , Huei-Yu Tsai , Hsin-Fan Chiang , Cheng-Chih Hsieh , Shih-Yang Wei , Chen-Yuan Kuo , Shen-Ing Liu , Ching-Po Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is associated with accelerated brain aging. Bright light therapy (BLT) shows promise in treating depression and alleviating cognitive deficits, but it remains unclear if BLT can improve brain age and if clinical benefits are related to changes in brain age. This study evaluates the impact of BLT on brain age in depression and explores the relationship between symptomatic improvement and changes in brain age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study reanalyzed data from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing BLT to dim red light (dRL) therapy. Scores from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after therapy. Brain MRI scans estimated individual brain age gap (BAG), which was the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age. BAGs were calculated for global and cognition-specific domains (executive function, memory, language, and vision). Changes in clinical scores and BAG were assessed within and between groups, including analyses based on symptom improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 21 participants in the BLT group and 18 in the dRL group. Both groups showed improvements in clinical scores without significant between-group differences. Although there were no group differences in BAG, the combined group had a significantly younger BAG in global, vision, and language domains after intervention. Additionally, patients with improvement in PHQ-9 scores showed reduced BAG in global brain and executive function domains and greater improvement in PHQ-9 was correlated with a younger executive function brain age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>No specific effect of BLT on brain age was observed compared with the control group. However, reductions in global and executive function brain age were associated with subjective symptom improvement, suggesting a potential role of placebo effects or neuroplasticity. These findings highlight the importance of considering subjective measures and brain aging biomarkers in evaluating antidepressant interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 321-330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.017
Katherine A. Koh , Dorota Szymkowiak , Jack Tsai
Objective
Prescribing of ADHD medications has not been examined in the US homeless population. This study examined frequency of prescriptions for stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medications, as well as risky and potentially inappropriate prescribing (RPIP) of stimulants, in three groups of veterans with mental illness.
Methods
Using 2021–2022 national VA administrative data, we compared frequency of stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions using logistic regression between homeless veterans (n = 105,062), veterans in the Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH; n = 33,884), and independently housed (IH) veterans (n = 1,875,083). We also compared indicators of RPIP of stimulants using chi-square tests between the three groups.
Results
Adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and health care utilization characteristics, homeless veterans were less likely to be prescribed stimulants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.80, 99 % CI = 0.76–0.85) relative to IH veterans and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulants (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.18). However, among veterans prescribed stimulants, homeless veterans had more indicators of RPIP, including being prescribed stimulants in the presence of a psychotic disorder (7.9 % vs. 6.4 % for HUD-VASH vs. 2.2 % for IH, p < .001).
Conclusion
Homeless veterans with mental illness were less likely to be prescribed stimulants and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulant ADHD medications relative to IH veterans with mental illness. However, RPIP of stimulant prescriptions was more common for homeless and HUD-VASH veterans relative to IH veterans.
目的：在美国无家可归的人群中，尚未对ADHD药物的处方进行研究。这项研究调查了三组患有精神疾病的退伍军人中兴奋剂和非兴奋剂药物的处方频率，以及有风险和潜在不适当的兴奋剂处方（RPIP）。方法使用2021-2022年国家退伍军人管理局的数据，我们使用logistic回归比较了无家可归的退伍军人（n = 105,062）、住房和城市发展部-退伍军人保障性住房（HUD-VASH; n = 33,884）和独立居住（IH）退伍军人（n = 1,875,083）之间兴奋剂和非兴奋剂ADHD药物处方的频率。我们还使用卡方检验比较了三组之间兴奋剂的RPIP指标。结果：经社会人口学、临床和卫生保健利用特征调整后，无家可归退伍军人相对于IH退伍军人更不可能开兴奋剂处方（调整优势比(aOR) = 0.80, 99% CI = 0.76-0.85），而更可能开非兴奋剂处方（aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06-1.18）。然而，在服用兴奋剂的退伍军人中，无家可归的退伍军人有更多的RPIP指标，包括在存在精神障碍的情况下服用兴奋剂（HUD-VASH为7.9%，IH为6.4%，IH为2.2%,p < 0.001）。结论与患有精神疾病的无家可归退伍军人相比，患有精神疾病的无家可归退伍军人服用兴奋剂的可能性更小，而服用非兴奋剂类药物的可能性更大。然而，相对于IH退伍军人，兴奋剂处方的RPIP在无家可归者和HUD-VASH退伍军人中更为常见。
{"title":"Stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions for homeless veteran service users with mental illness","authors":"Katherine A. Koh , Dorota Szymkowiak , Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Prescribing of ADHD medications has not been examined in the US homeless population. This study examined frequency of prescriptions for stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medications, as well as risky and potentially inappropriate prescribing (RPIP) of stimulants, in three groups of veterans with mental illness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using 2021–2022 national VA administrative data, we compared frequency of stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions using logistic regression between homeless veterans (n = 105,062), veterans in the Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH; n = 33,884), and independently housed (IH) veterans (n = 1,875,083). We also compared indicators of RPIP of stimulants using chi-square tests between the three groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and health care utilization characteristics, homeless veterans were less likely to be prescribed stimulants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.80, 99 % CI = 0.76–0.85) relative to IH veterans and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulants (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.18). However, among veterans prescribed stimulants, homeless veterans had more indicators of RPIP, including being prescribed stimulants in the presence of a psychotic disorder (7.9 % vs. 6.4 % for HUD-VASH vs. 2.2 % for IH, p < .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Homeless veterans with mental illness were less likely to be prescribed stimulants and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulant ADHD medications relative to IH veterans with mental illness. However, RPIP of stimulant prescriptions was more common for homeless and HUD-VASH veterans relative to IH veterans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 287-293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in its partial or full forms, is frequently observed in military populations. It is therefore important to predict the risk of PTSD prior to deployment. Objective. Since elevated allostatic load markers have been described in PTSD, we investigated whether these alterations pre-exist before PTSD onset. Our objective was to explore the ability of four allostatic load markers (urinary and blood cortisol, BDNF and 8-iso-PGF2α) to predict partial/full PTSD onset after a 6-month deployment. Methods. We conducted a prospective study in a French military cohort deployed to Afghanistan. PTSD was assessed before (M0) and after (M6) deployment using PTSD Checklist Scale (PCLS). At M0, only subjects who were medically fit and who scored healthy at PCLS were considered. We evaluated whether biological markers of allostatic load at M0 would predict partial/full PTSD at M6. Psychological correlates were assessed, including anxious-depressive symptoms (HAD; Hospital Anxiety and Depression), burnout (BMS; Burnout Measure-Short version), anxiety (STAI; Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), general mood (POMS; Profile of Mood State), perceived stress (PSS; Perceived Stress Scale), alexithymia (TAS; Toronto Alexithymia scale) and mental health–related scores (GHQ-28; General Health Questionnaire-28 items). Results. After controlling for age, pre-deployment PCLS scores, and the number of missions, we found that elevated M0 nocturnal urinary cortisol excretion predicted M6 partial/full PTSD. Conclusions. Asymptomatic subjects at risk of partial/full PTSD exhibit a common pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysregulation, similar to that observed in established PTSD.
{"title":"Pre-deployment prediction of partial and full PTSD in a French military cohort","authors":"Héloïse Lauga-Cami , Dominique Fromage , Christel Becker , Jean-Guillaume Houël , Jean-Jacques Benoliel , Frédéric Canini , Marion Trousselard , Damien Claverie","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in its partial or full forms, is frequently observed in military populations. It is therefore important to predict the risk of PTSD prior to deployment. <em>Objective.</em> Since elevated allostatic load markers have been described in PTSD, we investigated whether these alterations pre-exist before PTSD onset. Our objective was to explore the ability of four allostatic load markers (urinary and blood cortisol, BDNF and 8-iso-PGF2α) to predict partial/full PTSD onset after a 6-month deployment. <em>Methods.</em> We conducted a prospective study in a French military cohort deployed to Afghanistan. PTSD was assessed before (M<sub>0</sub>) and after (M<sub>6</sub>) deployment using PTSD Checklist Scale (PCLS). At M<sub>0</sub>, only subjects who were medically fit and who scored healthy at PCLS were considered. We evaluated whether biological markers of allostatic load at M<sub>0</sub> would predict partial/full PTSD at M<sub>6</sub>. Psychological correlates were assessed, including anxious-depressive symptoms (HAD; Hospital Anxiety and Depression), burnout (BMS; Burnout Measure-Short version), anxiety (STAI; Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), general mood (POMS; Profile of Mood State), perceived stress (PSS; Perceived Stress Scale), alexithymia (TAS; Toronto Alexithymia scale) and mental health–related scores (GHQ-28; General Health Questionnaire-28 items). <em>Results.</em> After controlling for age, pre-deployment PCLS scores, and the number of missions, we found that elevated M<sub>0</sub> nocturnal urinary cortisol excretion predicted M<sub>6</sub> partial/full PTSD. <em>Conclusions.</em> Asymptomatic subjects at risk of partial/full PTSD exhibit a common pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysregulation, similar to that observed in established PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 281-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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