Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.024
Alexandra Balshi , John P. Dempsey , Hannah R. Thompson , Mary W. Montgomery
Purpose
To assess the prevalence and odds of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority individuals (LGB+) in the United States using a multi-year, nationally representative survey.
Methods
We performed multivariate logistic regression of 2021–2023 National Health Interview Surveys to determine any relationship between LGB+ identity and CFS.
Results
Of 86,440 Americans, CFS was present in 1,489 [1.7%]. A higher proportion of LGB+ adults (2.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.21%–2.59%]) than non-LGB+ adults (1.7% [95% CI: 1.60%–1.80%] reported CFS (p = 0.002). After adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, income, education, employment, depression, and history of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia, LGB+ participants were more likely to report CFS than were heterosexuals (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.12–1.92).
Conclusion
LGB+ adults in the United States have a disproportionate prevalence and odds of CFS compared with heterosexual individuals.
{"title":"Heightened prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in U.S. sexual minorities","authors":"Alexandra Balshi , John P. Dempsey , Hannah R. Thompson , Mary W. Montgomery","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the prevalence and odds of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority individuals (LGB+) in the United States using a multi-year, nationally representative survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed multivariate logistic regression of 2021–2023 National Health Interview Surveys to determine any relationship between LGB+ identity and CFS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 86,440 Americans, CFS was present in 1,489 [1.7%]. A higher proportion of LGB+ adults (2.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.21%–2.59%]) than non-LGB+ adults (1.7% [95% CI: 1.60%–1.80%] reported CFS (p = 0.002). After adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, income, education, employment, depression, and history of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia, LGB+ participants were more likely to report CFS than were heterosexuals (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.12–1.92).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LGB+ adults in the United States have a disproportionate prevalence and odds of CFS compared with heterosexual individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 468-471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.023
Cherise R. Chin Fatt , Abu Minhajuddin , Lynnel C. Goodman , Srividya Vasu , Taryn L. Mayes , Sangita Sethuram , Joseph M. Trombello , Jennifer L. Hughes , Tracy L. Greer , Jane A. Foster , Madhukar H. Trivedi
Background
Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to validate the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), explore data-driven subgroups of anhedonia among individuals with depression, and determine associations with anxiety, suicidal ideation, neuroticism, and childhood trauma.
Methods
Participants with current major depressive episode (n = 474) enrolled in the D2K arm of the Texas Resilience Against Depression (T-RAD) study were included in these analyses. Structure and reliability of the DARS were assessed using a factor analysis with a PROMAX rotation and Cronbach's Alpha. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify anhedonia-related subtypes using the DARS subscores. To identify the clinical signature that discriminates between anhedonia-based subgroups, discriminant analysis using clinical characteristics (anhedonia, suicidal ideation, anxiety, neuroticism, and childhood trauma) was performed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO, mixOmics package version 6.24.0).
Results
Factor analysis confirmed the original four-factor structure of DARS, which exhibited excellent internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94), including the subscales. DARS food and drinks score was associated with early-life physical abuse and anxiety; the social activities score was associated with early-life emotional abuse and neglect, and anxiety was associated with early-life physical abuse. Participants with anhedonia had elevated anxiety, and early-life physical and emotional abuse, compared to those with no anhedonia.
Conclusions
Anhedonia was associated with elevated anxiety, and early-life physical and emotional abuse, and early-life physical neglect, compared to those with no anhedonia.
Clinical trial registration
D2K was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02919280).
{"title":"Defining anhedonia subgroups using the dimensional anhedonia rating scale in active depression: Findings from the Texas resilience against depression study","authors":"Cherise R. Chin Fatt , Abu Minhajuddin , Lynnel C. Goodman , Srividya Vasu , Taryn L. Mayes , Sangita Sethuram , Joseph M. Trombello , Jennifer L. Hughes , Tracy L. Greer , Jane A. Foster , Madhukar H. Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to validate the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), explore data-driven subgroups of anhedonia among individuals with depression, and determine associations with anxiety, suicidal ideation, neuroticism, and childhood trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with current major depressive episode (n = 474) enrolled in the D2K arm of the Texas Resilience Against Depression (T-RAD) study were included in these analyses. Structure and reliability of the DARS were assessed using a factor analysis with a PROMAX rotation and Cronbach's Alpha. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify anhedonia-related subtypes using the DARS subscores. To identify the clinical signature that discriminates between anhedonia-based subgroups, discriminant analysis using clinical characteristics (anhedonia, suicidal ideation, anxiety, neuroticism, and childhood trauma) was performed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO, mixOmics package version 6.24.0).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Factor analysis confirmed the original four-factor structure of DARS, which exhibited excellent internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94), including the subscales. DARS food and drinks score was associated with early-life physical abuse and anxiety; the social activities score was associated with early-life emotional abuse and neglect, and anxiety was associated with early-life physical abuse. Participants with anhedonia had elevated anxiety, and early-life physical and emotional abuse, compared to those with no anhedonia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anhedonia was associated with elevated anxiety, and early-life physical and emotional abuse, and early-life physical neglect, compared to those with no anhedonia.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>D2K was registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT02919280).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 480-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prenatal exposure to maternal and paternal smoking has been investigated as a potential environmental risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Although many studies have examined these associations, the consistency and magnitude of the effect remain unclear. This umbrella review aimed to systematically evaluate and quantify the published evidence linking maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with ADHD risk in offspring.
Methods
We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to September 21, 2024, and screened reference lists from relevant articles. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies that assessed the associations between maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring. Eligible meta-analyses used categorical ADHD diagnosis criteria based on DSM or ICD or less rigorous criteria such as self-reports. We excluded non-human studies, primary studies, genetic studies, and conference abstracts. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity using the I2 statistic, 95 % prediction intervals, small study effects, and excess significance bias. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022361466.
Findings
From 2495 articles, six were eligible, yielding six meta-analyses that included a total of 2,218,965 participants for maternal smoking exposure and 183,666 participants for paternal smoking exposure. Maternal smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of ADHD in offspring (OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.46–2.00), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 79 %) and highly suggestive evidence (class II). Paternal smoking was also associated with a significantly increased ADHD risk (OR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.17–1.59), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 47 %) and convincing evidence (class I). Further analyses indicated substantial heterogeneity and potential confounding by familial factors.
Conclusion
Both maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy were significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. However, evidence from familial studies suggests that maternal smoking may be confounded by genetic and familial factors, underscoring the need for further high-quality research to establish causality. These findings highlight the importance of prenatal smoking prevention as a modifiable risk factor for reducing ADHD risk.
产前暴露于母亲和父亲吸烟已被调查为后代注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的潜在环境风险因素。尽管许多研究已经检验了这些关联，但影响的一致性和程度仍不清楚。本综述旨在系统地评估和量化已发表的证据，这些证据将母亲和父亲在怀孕期间吸烟与后代患多动症的风险联系起来。方法：我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析的总括性综述。我们系统地检索了PubMed、Scopus、PsycINFO、Web of Science，检索时间从建刊到2024年9月21日，并从相关文章中筛选了参考文献列表。我们纳入了观察性研究的系统综述和荟萃分析，这些研究评估了母亲和父亲在怀孕期间吸烟与后代多动症之间的关系。合格的荟萃分析使用基于DSM或ICD的ADHD分类诊断标准或不太严格的标准，如自我报告。我们排除了非人类研究、初步研究、遗传研究和会议摘要。我们计算了95%置信区间（ci）的总优势比（or）、I2统计量的异质性、95%预测区间、小研究效应和过度显著性偏差。使用AMSTAR-2工具评估质量。本研究已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42022361466。从2495篇文章中，有6篇符合条件，产生了6项荟萃分析，其中包括2218965名母亲吸烟暴露的参与者和183666名父亲吸烟暴露的参与者。母亲吸烟与子女患ADHD的风险显著增加相关（OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.46-2.00），存在显著的异质性（I2 = 79%）和高度提示性的证据（II类）。父亲吸烟也与ADHD风险显著增加相关（OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.59），具有中等异质性（I2 = 47%）和令人信服的证据（I类）。进一步的分析显示了大量的异质性和家族因素的潜在混淆。结论母亲和父亲在怀孕期间吸烟与后代患ADHD的风险增加显著相关。然而，来自家族研究的证据表明，母亲吸烟可能受到遗传和家族因素的混淆，强调需要进一步进行高质量的研究以确定因果关系。这些发现强调了产前预防吸烟作为降低ADHD风险的可改变风险因素的重要性。
{"title":"Maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of ADHD in offspring: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","authors":"Light Tsegay , Dawit Zena , Alemnesh Abicho , Yitbarek Gizachew , Getinet Ayano","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to maternal and paternal smoking has been investigated as a potential environmental risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Although many studies have examined these associations, the consistency and magnitude of the effect remain unclear. This umbrella review aimed to systematically evaluate and quantify the published evidence linking maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with ADHD risk in offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to September 21, 2024, and screened reference lists from relevant articles. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies that assessed the associations between maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring. Eligible meta-analyses used categorical ADHD diagnosis criteria based on DSM or ICD or less rigorous criteria such as self-reports. We excluded non-human studies, primary studies, genetic studies, and conference abstracts. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity using the I<sup>2</sup> statistic, 95 % prediction intervals, small study effects, and excess significance bias. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022361466.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>From 2495 articles, six were eligible, yielding six meta-analyses that included a total of 2,218,965 participants for maternal smoking exposure and 183,666 participants for paternal smoking exposure. Maternal smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of ADHD in offspring (OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.46–2.00), with significant heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 79 %) and highly suggestive evidence (class II). Paternal smoking was also associated with a significantly increased ADHD risk (OR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.17–1.59), with moderate heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 47 %) and convincing evidence (class I). Further analyses indicated substantial heterogeneity and potential confounding by familial factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy were significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. However, evidence from familial studies suggests that maternal smoking may be confounded by genetic and familial factors, underscoring the need for further high-quality research to establish causality. These findings highlight the importance of prenatal smoking prevention as a modifiable risk factor for reducing ADHD risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 441-446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.019
Allison L. Moreau , Brent I. Rappaport , Mystie L. Saturday , Kelly A. Correa , Stewart A. Shankman
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is an individual difference dimension reflecting negative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to uncertainty. IU is an important etiological and maintaining mechanism of internalizing psychopathology, including social anxiety disorder (SAD). The current study aimed to further understand the relationship between IU and SAD symptom severity, distress, and functioning as well as the predictive power of IU for SAD symptoms and functioning over time. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that IU was greater in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD (n = 136) than individuals who never met criteria for SAD (n = 572). We also found that amongst individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD, greater IU was associated with more severe SAD symptoms, more SAD-related distress and impairment, and worse functioning, even after covarying for comorbid psychiatric conditions, highlighting the specificity of effects to SAD. Contrary to our hypothesis, IU did not differ between those with current versus remitted SAD. Baseline IU continued to predict SAD symptoms and disability at follow-up, but not a change in symptoms or disability. Finally, IU and SAD symptoms both decreased during follow-up for those with a lifetime SAD diagnosis, but these changes were not correlated, suggesting that changes in IU may not track with changes in SAD symptoms. These findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty may identify a more severe subtype of individuals with SAD and needs to be addressed in SAD treatments.
{"title":"Understanding intolerance of uncertainty in social anxiety disorder: Associations with symptom severity, functioning, and time course","authors":"Allison L. Moreau , Brent I. Rappaport , Mystie L. Saturday , Kelly A. Correa , Stewart A. Shankman","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is an individual difference dimension reflecting negative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to uncertainty. IU is an important etiological and maintaining mechanism of internalizing psychopathology, including social anxiety disorder (SAD). The current study aimed to further understand the relationship between IU and SAD symptom severity, distress, and functioning as well as the predictive power of IU for SAD symptoms and functioning over time. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that IU was greater in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD (n = 136) than individuals who never met criteria for SAD (n = 572). We also found that amongst individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD, greater IU was associated with more severe SAD symptoms, more SAD-related distress and impairment, and worse functioning, even after covarying for comorbid psychiatric conditions, highlighting the specificity of effects to SAD. Contrary to our hypothesis, IU did not differ between those with current versus remitted SAD. Baseline IU continued to predict SAD symptoms and disability at follow-up, but not a change in symptoms or disability. Finally, IU and SAD symptoms both decreased during follow-up for those with a lifetime SAD diagnosis, but these changes were not correlated, suggesting that changes in IU may not track with changes in SAD symptoms. These findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty may identify a more severe subtype of individuals with SAD and needs to be addressed in SAD treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 487-492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.018
R.N. Carleton , T.A. Teckchandani , R.S. MacPhee , R. Camp II , J. Nisbet
Substantial evidence indicates frontline public safety personnel (PSP), including, but not limited to firefighters, paramedics, and police, report significantly more occupational stressors, mental health challenges, and suicidal behaviours than the general population, largely attributed to their public service. In contrast, there is a paucity of research assessing the mental health of PSP serving in senior leadership roles (i.e., Chiefs, Directors, or Deputy Chiefs). The current study assessed prevalence proportions of occupational stressors, mental health challenges, and suicidal behaviours among paramedics and police serving in senior leadership relative to PSP in other roles within the organization. Participants included Canadian paramedics and police officers (n = 3717). Independent samples t-tests were conducted to assess for differences in mean mental health disorder symptom and occupational stressor scores between professional roles (i.e., PSP senior leadership vs other serving PSP) within PSP sectors. Bootstrapped logistic regression models tested for differences in relative risk for screening positive for mental health disorders and suicidal behaviours, and a series of bootstrapped partial point biserial correlations tested for associations between individual occupational stressors and screening positive for any mental health disorder. Despite differences in occupational demands, responsibilities, individual organizational, and operational stressors between the roles, there were very few statistically significant differences between serving PSP and their senior leadership. PSP senior leadership may face specific barriers to accessing care as a function of their highly visible positions and relatively limited options for peer support. Additional research is needed to understand the contemporary mental health and wellbeing needs of PSP senior leadership.
{"title":"An assessment of mental health challenges and occupational stressors among public safety personnel senior leadership","authors":"R.N. Carleton , T.A. Teckchandani , R.S. MacPhee , R. Camp II , J. Nisbet","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substantial evidence indicates frontline public safety personnel (PSP), including, but not limited to firefighters, paramedics, and police, report significantly more occupational stressors, mental health challenges, and suicidal behaviours than the general population, largely attributed to their public service. In contrast, there is a paucity of research assessing the mental health of PSP serving in senior leadership roles (i.e., Chiefs, Directors, or Deputy Chiefs). The current study assessed prevalence proportions of occupational stressors, mental health challenges, and suicidal behaviours among paramedics and police serving in senior leadership relative to PSP in other roles within the organization. Participants included Canadian paramedics and police officers (<em>n</em> = 3717). Independent samples <em>t</em>-tests were conducted to assess for differences in mean mental health disorder symptom and occupational stressor scores between professional roles (i.e., PSP senior leadership vs other serving PSP) within PSP sectors. Bootstrapped logistic regression models tested for differences in relative risk for screening positive for mental health disorders and suicidal behaviours, and a series of bootstrapped partial point biserial correlations tested for associations between individual occupational stressors and screening positive for any mental health disorder. Despite differences in occupational demands, responsibilities, individual organizational, and operational stressors between the roles, there were very few statistically significant differences between serving PSP and their senior leadership. PSP senior leadership may face specific barriers to accessing care as a function of their highly visible positions and relatively limited options for peer support. Additional research is needed to understand the contemporary mental health and wellbeing needs of PSP senior leadership.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 451-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.017
C.J. Wang , D. Raucher-Chéné , K.M. Lavigne
Cognitive impairment (problems in thinking, learning, remembering, judging, and decision-making) is central to many psychiatric disorders and may often appear well before the symptom onset. Given the moderate heritability of psychiatric disorders, children with first-degree relatives affected by severe mental illness are at higher risk and may show early psychiatric symptoms. Our study explored the potential association between cognitive functioning and early subsyndromal transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms in at-risk youth. We compared 924 at-risk youth (aged nine to ten) with 924 matched controls from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. At-risk youth performed worse than controls in episodic memory, executive function, and working memory and exhibited more psychiatric symptoms (i.e., emotional dysfunction, psychosis and externalizing symptoms) than controls. Multivariate partial least squares in at-risk youth revealed a pattern linking heightened psychiatric symptoms with reduced cognitive performance across all domains except executive function, driven primarily by memory and language abilities, suggesting the well-established link between cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms is already present in at-risk youth, even prior to manifestation of clinically meaningful levels of cognitive impairment or psychiatric symptoms. Such an association could potentially guide prediction, prevention and early intervention for children who are at risk of developing mental illness later in life.
{"title":"Back to the future: Linking early psychiatric symptoms to transdiagnostic cognitive functioning in at-risk youth from the adolescent brain cognitive development study","authors":"C.J. Wang , D. Raucher-Chéné , K.M. Lavigne","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive impairment (problems in thinking, learning, remembering, judging, and decision-making) is central to many psychiatric disorders and may often appear well before the symptom onset. Given the moderate heritability of psychiatric disorders, children with first-degree relatives affected by severe mental illness are at higher risk and may show early psychiatric symptoms. Our study explored the potential association between cognitive functioning and early subsyndromal transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms in at-risk youth. We compared 924 at-risk youth (aged nine to ten) with 924 matched controls from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. At-risk youth performed worse than controls in episodic memory, executive function, and working memory and exhibited more psychiatric symptoms (i.e., emotional dysfunction, psychosis and externalizing symptoms) than controls. Multivariate partial least squares in at-risk youth revealed a pattern linking heightened psychiatric symptoms with reduced cognitive performance across all domains except executive function, driven primarily by memory and language abilities, suggesting the well-established link between cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms is already present in at-risk youth, even prior to manifestation of clinically meaningful levels of cognitive impairment or psychiatric symptoms. Such an association could potentially guide prediction, prevention and early intervention for children who are at risk of developing mental illness later in life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 461-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.013
Natalie V. Zanini Hendges , Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo , Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa , Yair Bar-Haim , Rany Abend , Ivanil Morais , Giovanni Abrahão Salum , Euripedes C. Miguel , Roseli G. Shavitt , Maria Alice de Mathis
Background
Attention Bias Modification Treatment (ABMT) is a computer-based intervention targeting aberrant threat-related attention in anxiety. Despite inconsistent findings in various neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains a potential alternative for reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. This study presents the first randomized, double-blind trial of ABMT in patients with OCD.
Methods
Thirty patients were randomly assigned to active (n = 15) or sham condition (n = 15), undergoing 10 ABMT sessions targeting symmetry and cleaning symptoms.
Results
Both groups were similar in baseline attentional bias and clinical scores. No significant change in attention bias scores for symmetry-related stimuli or cleaning-related stimuli was observed at post-treatment. Additionally, no significant reduction in OCD severity was found in the active group compared to sham, nor in specific symmetry or cleaning symptomatology. However, both groups showed a significant time effect, indicating an overall decrease in OCD severity. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in anxiety-related severity within the active group, while the sham group did not exhibit a statistically significant change.
Conclusion
ABMT was demonstrated to be a feasible and well-tolerated intervention. However, additional research on efficacy is needed before we can recommend it as a formal treatment for OCD.
{"title":"Attentional bias modification treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Natalie V. Zanini Hendges , Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo , Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa , Yair Bar-Haim , Rany Abend , Ivanil Morais , Giovanni Abrahão Salum , Euripedes C. Miguel , Roseli G. Shavitt , Maria Alice de Mathis","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Attention Bias Modification Treatment (ABMT) is a computer-based intervention targeting aberrant threat-related attention in anxiety. Despite inconsistent findings in various neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains a potential alternative for reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. This study presents the first randomized, double-blind trial of ABMT in patients with OCD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty patients were randomly assigned to active (n = 15) or sham condition (n = 15), undergoing 10 ABMT sessions targeting symmetry and cleaning symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups were similar in baseline attentional bias and clinical scores. No significant change in attention bias scores for symmetry-related stimuli or cleaning-related stimuli was observed at post-treatment. Additionally, no significant reduction in OCD severity was found in the active group compared to sham, nor in specific symmetry or cleaning symptomatology. However, both groups showed a significant time effect, indicating an overall decrease in OCD severity. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in anxiety-related severity within the active group, while the sham group did not exhibit a statistically significant change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ABMT was demonstrated to be a feasible and well-tolerated intervention. However, additional research on efficacy is needed before we can recommend it as a formal treatment for OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.015
Aneta Kwak , Dale Pendleton , Chien-Ching Li
The impact of climate change on human health and well-being has become a critical area requiring further investigation. Mental health issues represented a significant public health concern in the United States. In this study, we conducted a state-level analysis to explore the relationship between extreme heat exposure (average number of extreme heat days) and prevalence of mental health issues (prevalence rates of depression and anxiety) across all 50 U.S. states. We analyzed publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Census Bureau. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between extreme heat days and mental health outcomes after controlling for key demographic factors, including age, gender, educational attainment, insurance status (percentage uninsured), and race/ethnicity. Regression analyses showed that greater extreme heat exposure was significantly associated with higher prevalence of mental health issues after controlling key demographic factors. Our study underscores the growing public health threats posed by climate change by demonstrating a significant association between extreme heat exposure and mental health outcomes. Future research should investigate how state-specific characteristics influence this relationship and emphasize the collection of cross-national data, the implementation of comparative analyses, and the integration of policy frameworks to deepen understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature of climate-related mental health crises.
{"title":"Mental health impacts of extreme heat exposure in the United States: Results from a state-level analysis","authors":"Aneta Kwak , Dale Pendleton , Chien-Ching Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of climate change on human health and well-being has become a critical area requiring further investigation. Mental health issues represented a significant public health concern in the United States. In this study, we conducted a state-level analysis to explore the relationship between extreme heat exposure (average number of extreme heat days) and prevalence of mental health issues (prevalence rates of depression and anxiety) across all 50 U.S. states. We analyzed publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Census Bureau. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between extreme heat days and mental health outcomes after controlling for key demographic factors, including age, gender, educational attainment, insurance status (percentage uninsured), and race/ethnicity. Regression analyses showed that greater extreme heat exposure was significantly associated with higher prevalence of mental health issues after controlling key demographic factors. Our study underscores the growing public health threats posed by climate change by demonstrating a significant association between extreme heat exposure and mental health outcomes. Future research should investigate how state-specific characteristics influence this relationship and emphasize the collection of cross-national data, the implementation of comparative analyses, and the integration of policy frameworks to deepen understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature of climate-related mental health crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 447-450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.012
Paolo Olgiati , Raffaele Ferri , Antonina Luca , Maria Luca , Alessandro Serretti
Background and aims
Anxiety sensitivity (AS)—the fear of anxiety-related sensations driven by beliefs about their harmful consequences—is a well-established transdiagnostic vulnerability factor in younger and adult populations, but it has been less studied in late-life depression. This study investigated AS in older adults with major depressive disorder.
Methods
A total of 432 patients aged ≥60 years were evaluated for depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), anxiety (Brief Symptom Inventory; Penn State Worry Questionnaire), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination; Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System), health-related quality of life (HRQOL: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey; Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), and antidepressant-related side effects (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; Barnes Akathisia Scale; Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser scale). Anxiety Sensitivity Index was used to assess AS.
Results
Patients with higher AS levels were more frequently women, had fewer education years, and exhibited greater depressive and anxiety severity, higher rates of panic disorder, poorer cognitive performance, worse physical HRQOL, and a higher burden of antidepressant side effects. Associations with insomnia were limited to the middle-of-the-night subtype.
Limitations
The cross-sectional design and diagnostic constraints limit generalizability and causal inference.
Conclusions
In older adults with major depression, moderate to high AS levels correlate with cognitive, clinical, and functional vulnerability. These findings support the role of anxiety sensitivity as a prognostic marker in late-life depression.
背景和目的焦虑敏感性（AS）——由对其有害后果的信念所驱动的对焦虑相关感觉的恐惧——在年轻人和成年人中是一个公认的跨诊断脆弱性因素，但在晚年抑郁症中研究较少。本研究调查了老年抑郁症患者的AS。方法对432例年龄≥60岁的患者进行抑郁症状（Montgomery -Åsberg抑郁评定量表；Hamilton抑郁评定量表）、焦虑（简短症状量表；宾夕法尼亚州立大学焦虑问卷）、认知（简易精神状态检查；神经心理状态评估可重复电池；Delis-Kaplan执行功能系统）、健康相关生活质量(HRQOL：医疗结局研究36项简短健康调查；累积疾病评定量表)和抗抑郁相关的副作用（异常不自主运动量表、巴恩斯运动障碍量表、Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser量表）。采用焦虑敏感指数评价AS。结果AS水平较高的患者多为女性，受教育年数较少，抑郁和焦虑严重程度较高，惊恐障碍发生率较高，认知能力较差，身体HRQOL较差，抗抑郁药副作用负担较高。与失眠的关联仅限于午夜亚型。局限性：横断面设计和诊断约束限制了概括性和因果推理。结论在老年抑郁症患者中，中高AS水平与认知、临床和功能易感性相关。这些发现支持了焦虑敏感性作为晚期抑郁症预后指标的作用。
{"title":"Anxiety sensitivity in late-life depression. Links to cognitive impairment, insomnia, and health-related quality of life","authors":"Paolo Olgiati , Raffaele Ferri , Antonina Luca , Maria Luca , Alessandro Serretti","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Anxiety sensitivity (AS)—the fear of anxiety-related sensations driven by beliefs about their harmful consequences—is a well-established transdiagnostic vulnerability factor in younger and adult populations, but it has been less studied in late-life depression. This study investigated AS in older adults with major depressive disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 432 patients aged ≥60 years were evaluated for depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), anxiety (Brief Symptom Inventory; Penn State Worry Questionnaire), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination; Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System), health-related quality of life (HRQOL: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey; Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), and antidepressant-related side effects (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; Barnes Akathisia Scale; Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser scale). Anxiety Sensitivity Index was used to assess AS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with higher AS levels were more frequently women, had fewer education years, and exhibited greater depressive and anxiety severity, higher rates of panic disorder, poorer cognitive performance, worse physical HRQOL, and a higher burden of antidepressant side effects. Associations with insomnia were limited to the middle-of-the-night subtype.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The cross-sectional design and diagnostic constraints limit generalizability and causal inference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In older adults with major depression, moderate to high AS levels correlate with cognitive, clinical, and functional vulnerability. These findings support the role of anxiety sensitivity as a prognostic marker in late-life depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 414-423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.014
Birong Wu , Shunyu Tao , Lingjia Xu , Ming Mi , Xin Ge , Chen Xu , Shangbin Liu , Yujie Liu , Ying Wang , Fan Hu , Yong Cai
Objective
Airport ground staff face high occupational burnout (OB) due to chronic work stress. Using baseline AIRCARE data, this cross-sectional study applied Ecological Systems Theory to examine micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of OB.
Methods
An online survey assessed OB using the Chinese 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) among staff aged 18–60. The study examined 34 variables across microsystem (demographics, lifestyle, chronic diseases, mental health), mesosystem (social support, counseling, safety training), and macrosystem levels (shift work, overtime, heavy lifting, extreme exposure). Four Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) models identified key predictors, followed by hierarchical logistic regression (HLR). Subgroup analysis was performed across customer service and safety, cargo and baggage handling, and aircraft operations.
Results
Among 5759 staff (69.2 % male; median age 35), the OB rate was 33.9 %. LASSO identified key variables across the microsystem (age, gender, education, job position, family income, mental health history, BMI, smoking, drinking, respiratory diseases, coping style, effort-reward imbalance (ERI)), mesosystem (family/friends/other support, psychological counseling, safety training), and macrosystem (shift work, weekend overtime, heavy lifting, exposure to extreme temperatures/biological substances). HLR showed that older age, family income above 10,000 CNY, positive coping style, regular safety training, and less frequent heavy lifting were negatively associated with OB, whereas ERI and exposure to biological substances were positively associated with it.
Conclusions
OB among airport ground staff is shaped by multilevel socio-ecological factors. Enhancing coping skills, strengthening safety training, reducing physical workload, and addressing ERI and hazardous exposure are critical for reducing OB risk.
{"title":"Socio-ecological factors influencing occupational burnout among airport ground staff: Insights from the AIRCARE project","authors":"Birong Wu , Shunyu Tao , Lingjia Xu , Ming Mi , Xin Ge , Chen Xu , Shangbin Liu , Yujie Liu , Ying Wang , Fan Hu , Yong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Airport ground staff face high occupational burnout (OB) due to chronic work stress. Using baseline AIRCARE data, this cross-sectional study applied Ecological Systems Theory to examine micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of OB.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey assessed OB using the Chinese 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) among staff aged 18–60. The study examined 34 variables across microsystem (demographics, lifestyle, chronic diseases, mental health), mesosystem (social support, counseling, safety training), and macrosystem levels (shift work, overtime, heavy lifting, extreme exposure). Four Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) models identified key predictors, followed by hierarchical logistic regression (HLR). Subgroup analysis was performed across customer service and safety, cargo and baggage handling, and aircraft operations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 5759 staff (69.2 % male; median age 35), the OB rate was 33.9 %. LASSO identified key variables across the microsystem (age, gender, education, job position, family income, mental health history, BMI, smoking, drinking, respiratory diseases, coping style, effort-reward imbalance (ERI)), mesosystem (family/friends/other support, psychological counseling, safety training), and macrosystem (shift work, weekend overtime, heavy lifting, exposure to extreme temperatures/biological substances). HLR showed that older age, family income above 10,000 CNY, positive coping style, regular safety training, and less frequent heavy lifting were negatively associated with OB, whereas ERI and exposure to biological substances were positively associated with it.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OB among airport ground staff is shaped by multilevel socio-ecological factors. Enhancing coping skills, strengthening safety training, reducing physical workload, and addressing ERI and hazardous exposure are critical for reducing OB risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 380-390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号