Journal of psychiatric research最新文献_第6页

The association between respiratory failure and psychotropic medications: A systematic review 呼吸衰竭与精神药物之间的关系：系统回顾

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.003

Sara Winter , Kyung Rok Lee , Edward Fung , Tara Kirkpatrick , Karl Winckel , Timothy Tanzer , Nicola Warren , Dan Siskind , Claire Michelle Ellender

Objective

To examine the association between psychotropic medication usage and respiratory failure.

Methods

A systematic search of Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Trial Registry databases for publications that evaluated the association between respiratory failure and the use of psychotropic medications in patients with chronic mental health disorders was performed.

Results

Nine studies were included, with a total of 170,435 participants. There was no association between antidepressant use and respiratory failure reported in the antidepressant studies, however no formal odds ratio was reported in any of these studies. Three antipsychotic studies met inclusion criteria, which included a total of 169,919 participants. However, two of these studies were derived from overlapping datasets, and one of these studies was reported as an abstract. None controlled for the key confounder of smoking status. All three demonstrated an increased risk of respiratory failure with antipsychotic use (adjusted odds ratio ranged from 1.13 95% CI: 1.2–1.89; to 2.33 95% CI: 2.06–2.64). Two out of three antipsychotic studies had a low risk of bias.

Conclusions

No clear association between antidepressants and respiratory failure was identified. Three studies examining antipsychotic medications and respiratory failure indicated an increased risk for respiratory failure. However, studies demonstrated significant heterogeneity and confounding factors (e.g. smoking status) and strategies to deal with these were absent. Two studies were derived from overlapping datasets and one study was an abstract. Given the signal towards increased risk of respiratory failure with antipsychotic medications, further reporting on this association through large matched and independent datasets is required to allow meta-analysis to quantify the nature and extent of this increased risk.

方法对 Embase、PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Cochrane 试验登记数据库中评估慢性精神疾病患者呼吸衰竭与精神药物使用之间关系的出版物进行系统检索。在抗抑郁药研究中，没有关于抗抑郁药的使用与呼吸衰竭之间关系的报道，但这些研究中都没有报告正式的几率比。三项抗精神病药物研究符合纳入标准，共纳入 169,919 名参与者。不过，其中两项研究来自重叠的数据集，其中一项研究以摘要形式报道。没有一项研究对吸烟状况这一关键混杂因素进行了控制。所有三项研究都表明，使用抗精神病药物会增加呼吸衰竭的风险（调整后的几率范围为 1.13 95% CI：1.2-1.89；至 2.33 95% CI：2.06-2.64）。在三项抗精神病药物研究中，有两项研究的偏倚风险较低。三项关于抗精神病药物与呼吸衰竭的研究表明呼吸衰竭的风险增加。然而，这些研究显示出明显的异质性和混杂因素（如吸烟状况），并且缺乏应对这些因素的策略。有两项研究来自重叠的数据集，一项研究为摘要。鉴于抗精神病药物会增加呼吸衰竭的风险，因此需要通过大型匹配和独立的数据集来进一步报告这种关联，以便进行荟萃分析，量化这种风险增加的性质和程度。

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引用次数: 0

Association between adverse childhood experiences and obesity, and sex differences: A systematic review and meta-analysis 童年不良经历与肥胖之间的关系及性别差异：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.042

Yue Zhou, Yujian Sun, Yufan Pan, Yu Dai, Yi Xiao, Yufeng Yu

Background

Obesity is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Although studies have reported associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity, specific subtype associations and sex differences are unclear.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the association between ACEs and adult obesity risk and sex differences.

Methods

Five databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO, were searched with a June 10, 2024 deadline. Included studies investigated the association between at least one ACE and obesity. Two researchers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and its adaptations and extracted relevant characteristics and outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 17.0, including random effects models, heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, publication bias assessments, Meta-regression analyses, and subgroup analyses. Dose-response analyses revealed potential trends between different levels of abuse and risk of obesity.

Results

The meta-analysis included 46 studies and showed a notable increased risk of obesity in adults experiencing ACEs (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.38–1.59). Subgroup analyses showed significantly increased risk in Europe and North America, with significant increases observed in both developed and developing countries. Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies showed strong associations. Different types of ACEs (physical, sexual, psychological, and non-physical, psychological, or sexual abuse) were linked to a higher obesity risk. Sex difference analyses showed that females faced a greater risk when experiencing physical (OR: 1.606), sexual (OR: 1.581), and non-physical, psychological, or sexual (OR: 1.319) abuse; males exhibited increased risk only with non-physical, psychological, or sexual abuse (OR: 1.240). Dose-response analyses indicated that a higher number of ACEs was associated with an increased risk of obesity in adults.

Conclusions

ACEs significantly increase the risk of adult obesity, with consistent findings across geographic regions, levels of economic development, and types of study design. Sex difference analysis indicates that females are particularly affected. Future research should prioritize including studies from underrepresented geographic areas to enhance understanding of the global impact of ACEs on obesity risk. Additionally, strengthening child protection and intervention efforts is crucial to mitigate the adverse effects of ACEs on adult health.

背景：肥胖症是全球最常见的健康问题之一：肥胖症是全球最常见的健康问题之一。尽管有研究报告称童年不良经历（ACE）与肥胖之间存在关联，但具体的亚型关联和性别差异尚不清楚：系统评估 ACE 与成人肥胖风险之间的关系以及性别差异：检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase 和 PsycINFO 五个数据库，检索截止日期为 2024 年 6 月 10 日。纳入的研究调查了至少一种 ACE 与肥胖之间的关系。两名研究人员使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa Scale，NOS）及其改编版独立评估了偏倚风险，并提取了相关特征和结果。统计分析使用 STATA 17.0 进行，包括随机效应模型、异质性检验、敏感性分析、发表偏倚评估、元回归分析和亚组分析。剂量-反应分析揭示了不同滥用水平与肥胖风险之间的潜在趋势：荟萃分析包括 46 项研究，结果显示，经历过 ACE 的成年人肥胖风险明显增加（OR：1.48，95% CI：1.38-1.59）。分组分析表明，欧洲和北美的肥胖风险显著增加，发达国家和发展中国家的肥胖风险也显著增加。前瞻性研究、回顾性研究和横断面研究均显示出很强的关联性。不同类型的 ACE（身体虐待、性虐待、心理虐待以及非身体虐待、心理虐待或性虐待）与较高的肥胖风险有关。性别差异分析表明，女性在遭受身体虐待（OR：1.606）、性虐待（OR：1.581）和非身体、心理或性虐待（OR：1.319）时面临更大的风险；男性仅在遭受非身体、心理或性虐待（OR：1.240）时才表现出风险增加。剂量-反应分析表明，ACE次数越多，成人肥胖风险越高：ACE明显增加了成人肥胖的风险，不同地理区域、经济发展水平和研究设计类型的研究结果一致。性别差异分析表明，女性受影响尤为严重。未来的研究应优先纳入代表性不足的地理区域的研究，以加深了解ACE对肥胖风险的全球性影响。此外，加强儿童保护和干预工作对于减轻 ACE 对成人健康的不利影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Neurobiological correlates of comorbidity in disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum 情感障碍-精神病谱系中各种疾病的神经生物学相关性。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.052

Lisa Sindermann , Udo Dannlowski , Elisabeth J. Leehr , Tim Hahn , Dominik Grotegerd , Susanne Meinert , Hannah Lemke , Alexandra Winter , Katharina Thiel , Kira Flinkenflügel , Tilo Kircher , Igor Nenadić , Benjamin Straube , Nina Alexander , Hamidreza Jamalabadi , Andreas Jansen , Frederike Stein , Katharina Brosch , Florian Thomas-Odenthal , Paula Usemann , Andreas J. Forstner

Disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizoaffective disorder (SCA), and schizophrenia (SCZ), have overlapping symptomatology and high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. So far, however, it is largely unclear why some of the patients develop comorbidities. In particular, the specific genetic architecture of comorbidity and its relationship with brain structure remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed systematic analyses of clinical, genetics and brain structural measures to gain further insights into the neurobiological correlates of mental disorder's comorbidity. We investigated a sub-sample of the Marburg/Münster Cohort Study (MACS), comprising DSM-IV-TR diagnosed patients with a single disorder in the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum (SD, n = 470, MDD; BD; SCA; SCZ), with additional mental disorder's comorbidities (COM, n = 310), and healthy controls (HC, n = 649). We investigated group differences regarding a) the global severity index (based on SCL90-R), b) a cross-disorder polygenic risk score (PRS) calculated with PRS-continuous shrinkage (PRS-CS) using the summary statistics of a large genome-wide association study across mental disorders, and c) whole brain grey matter volume (GMV). The SCL90-R score significantly differed between groups (COM > SD > HC). While SD and COM did not differ in cross-disorder PRS and GMV, SD and COM versus HC displayed increased cross-disorder PRS and decreased GMV in the bilateral insula, the left middle temporal, the left inferior parietal, and several frontal gyri. Our results thus suggest that disorders in the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum with or without additional comorbidities differ in self-reported clinical data, but not on genetic or brain structural levels.

情感障碍-精神病谱系中的各种疾病，如重度抑郁障碍（MDD）、双相情感障碍（BD）、分裂情感障碍（SCA）和精神分裂症（SCZ），都有症状重叠的现象，而且与其他精神障碍的合并率很高。然而，迄今为止，人们基本上还不清楚为什么有些患者会出现合并症。尤其是，人们对合并症的具体遗传结构及其与大脑结构的关系仍然知之甚少。因此，我们对临床、遗传学和脑结构测量进行了系统分析，以进一步了解精神障碍合并症的神经生物学相关性。我们对马尔堡/明斯特队列研究（MACS）的一个子样本进行了调查，该子样本包括被 DSM-IV-TR 诊断为情感障碍-精神病谱系中单一障碍的患者（SD，n = 470，MDD；BD；SCA；SCZ），以及其他精神障碍合并症患者（COM，n = 310）和健康对照组（HC，n = 649）。我们研究了以下方面的组间差异：a）总体严重性指数（基于 SCL90-R）；b）利用大型精神障碍全基因组关联研究的汇总统计数据，以 PRS 连续收缩法（PRS-CS）计算的跨障碍多基因风险评分（PRS）；c）全脑灰质体积（GMV）。各组之间的 SCL90-R 评分存在明显差异（COM > SD > HC）。虽然SD和COM在跨障碍PRS和GMV方面没有差异，但SD和COM与HC相比，在双侧岛叶、左颞中部、左下顶叶和几个额叶中显示出跨障碍PRS增加和GMV减少。因此，我们的研究结果表明，情感障碍-精神病谱系中的疾病无论是否有其他合并症，在自我报告的临床数据上都存在差异，但在遗传或大脑结构层面上却没有差异。

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引用次数: 0

Shared and distinct alterations in brain morphology in children with ADHD and obesity: Reduced cortical surface area in ADHD and thickness in overweight/obesity 多动症和肥胖症儿童大脑形态的共同和独特改变：多动症患儿大脑皮层表面积减少，而超重/肥胖症患儿大脑皮层厚度增加。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.002

Keri S. Rosch , Gita Thapaliya , Micah Plotkin , Stewart H. Mostofsky , Susan Carnell

Objective

To investigate shared versus distinct differences in brain structure among children with ADHD and obesity, we examined the morphology of regions implicated in cognitive control and reward function in a single cross-sectional cohort of children with and without ADHD and overweight/obesity (OV/OB).

Method

Participants included 471 children ages 8–12 years with ADHD (n = 244; 58 OV/OB) and neurotypical (NT) controls (n = 227; 81 OV/OB) classified as healthy-weight (HW; BMI %ile 5th to <85th) vs. having OV/OB (BMI %ile≥85th). Structural MRI was performed to obtain measures of cortical and subcortical morphology and compared across ADHD × BMI groups.

Results

Surface area was generally lower in ADHD vs. NT including in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), medial (m)PFC, and primary motor (M1) cortex. In contrast, cortical thickness was generally lower in OV/OB vs. HW for ACC, dlPFC, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), mPFC, and supplementary motor cortex (SMC). Furthermore, ADHD × OV/OB interactions were observed for the ACC and OFC, with the lowest ACC volume in the ADHD + OV/OB group and the highest OFC surface area in the NT + OV/OB group. Subcortical volumes did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal distinct alterations in cortical morphology in association with ADHD and overweight, with cortical surface area reduced in ADHD vs. thickness reduced in OV/OB. Additionally, the findings provide evidence of combined effects of ADHD × OV/OB in brain regions integral to cognition and motivation. Our results support further investigation of causes and correlates of shared and distinct ADHD- and OV/OB-associated differences in developing frontocingulate morphology.

目的：为了研究多动症和肥胖症儿童大脑结构的共同差异和不同差异，我们对患有和不患有多动症以及超重/肥胖症（OV/OB）的儿童的单一横断面队列中与认知控制和奖赏功能有关的区域的形态进行了研究：参与者包括471名8-12岁患有多动症的儿童（n = 244; 58 OV/OB）和神经典型（NT）对照组儿童（n = 227; 81 OV/OB），他们被归类为健康体重（HW; BMI %ile 5th to Results）：ADHD患者与NT患者相比，表面积普遍较低，包括前扣带回皮层（ACC）、背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）、内侧（m）前额叶皮层和初级运动皮层（M1）。相反，OV/OB 与 HW 相比，ACC、dlPFC、眶额皮质 (OFC)、mPFC 和辅助运动皮质 (SMC) 的皮质厚度普遍较低。此外，ACC和OFC也存在ADHD × OV/OB的相互作用，ADHD + OV/OB组的ACC体积最小，NT + OV/OB组的OFC表面积最大。皮层下体积在不同组间没有差异：我们的研究结果揭示了与多动症和超重相关的大脑皮层形态的不同改变，多动症患者的大脑皮层表面积减少，而超重/肥胖症患者的大脑皮层厚度减少。此外，研究结果还证明，ADHD × OV/OB 对认知和动机不可或缺的大脑区域具有综合影响。我们的研究结果支持对发育中前扣带回形态的共同和独特的 ADHD 和 OV/OB 相关差异的原因和相关因素进行进一步研究。

{"title":"Shared and distinct alterations in brain morphology in children with ADHD and obesity: Reduced cortical surface area in ADHD and thickness in overweight/obesity","authors":"Keri S. Rosch , Gita Thapaliya , Micah Plotkin , Stewart H. Mostofsky , Susan Carnell","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate shared versus distinct differences in brain structure among children with ADHD and obesity, we examined the morphology of regions implicated in cognitive control and reward function in a single cross-sectional cohort of children with and without ADHD and overweight/obesity (OV/OB).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants included 471 children ages 8–12 years with ADHD (n = 244; 58 OV/OB) and neurotypical (NT) controls (n = 227; 81 OV/OB) classified as healthy-weight (HW; BMI %ile 5th to <85th) vs. having OV/OB (BMI %ile≥85th). Structural MRI was performed to obtain measures of cortical and subcortical morphology and compared across ADHD × BMI groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surface area was generally lower in ADHD vs. NT including in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), medial (m)PFC, and primary motor (M1) cortex. In contrast, cortical thickness was generally lower in OV/OB vs. HW for ACC, dlPFC, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), mPFC, and supplementary motor cortex (SMC). Furthermore, ADHD × OV/OB interactions were observed for the ACC and OFC, with the lowest ACC volume in the ADHD + OV/OB group and the highest OFC surface area in the NT + OV/OB group. Subcortical volumes did not differ between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings reveal distinct alterations in cortical morphology in association with ADHD and overweight, with cortical surface area reduced in ADHD vs. thickness reduced in OV/OB. Additionally, the findings provide evidence of combined effects of ADHD × OV/OB in brain regions integral to cognition and motivation. Our results support further investigation of causes and correlates of shared and distinct ADHD- and OV/OB-associated differences in developing frontocingulate morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychiatric disorder before and after exposure to violent injury: A nationwide Norwegian register-based cohort study 遭受暴力伤害前后的精神障碍：一项基于挪威全国登记册的队列研究

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.053

Sidra Goldman-Mellor , Ping Qin

Interpersonal violent injury is associated with increased risk of subsequent psychological problems, but pre-existing psychopathology may complicate this association in ways that are poorly understood. Using nationwide longitudinal registry data from Norway, we tested how psychiatric history modified the association between violent injury exposure and subsequent psychiatric disorder, and examined disorder continuity before vs. after violent injury. We identified all individuals presenting to emergency services in 2010–2018 with a violent injury, along with sex- and age-matched comparison individuals from the general population. The primary outcome was subsequent psychiatric disorder, observed through December 31, 2018, with secondary analyses examining psychiatric diagnoses pre- vs. post-injury. Of the 28,276 violence-injured patients, 20% had a history of psychiatric disorder, vs. 6% of the 282,760 comparison individuals. In Cox regression models, violence-injured patients had substantially higher rates of any subsequent psychiatric disorder when compared to matched peers (HR_adj: 2.36; 95% CI: 2.29, 2.42), but this association was confounded and modified by psychiatric history. Continuity of psychiatric diagnosis before and after injury was high among violence-injured patients, but they were also more likely than the comparison group to receive a new diagnosis, potentially indicating incident onset of new psychiatric disorder associated with violence exposure. Violence-injured patients face substantial burden of psychiatric disorder, especially for substance use and mood/anxiety disorders; clinical and public health strategies are needed to address this burden, which precedes violent injury in some cases but is likely provoked by it in others.

人与人之间的暴力伤害与随后出现心理问题的风险增加有关，但之前存在的精神病理学可能会使这种关联复杂化，而人们对这种复杂化的方式知之甚少。我们利用挪威的全国性纵向登记数据，检验了精神病史如何改变暴力伤害与后续精神障碍之间的关联，并考察了暴力伤害前后精神障碍的持续性。我们确定了 2010-2018 年期间因暴力伤害而到急诊室就诊的所有患者，以及与之性别和年龄相匹配的普通人群。主要结果是观察到 2018 年 12 月 31 日的后续精神障碍，次要分析是检查受伤前与受伤后的精神诊断。在28276名暴力伤害患者中，20%有精神病史，而在282760名对比人群中，只有6%有精神病史。在 Cox 回归模型中，与匹配的同龄人相比，暴力受伤患者罹患任何后续精神障碍的比例要高得多（HRadj：2.36；95% CI：2.29，2.42），但这种关联受到精神病史的干扰和影响。受暴力伤害的患者在受伤前后接受精神病诊断的连续性很高，但他们也比配对组更有可能接受新的诊断，这可能表明新的精神障碍的发生与暴力暴露有关。受暴力伤害的患者面临着巨大的精神障碍负担，尤其是药物使用和情绪/焦虑障碍；需要制定临床和公共卫生策略来解决这一负担，在某些情况下，这种负担发生在暴力伤害之前，但在另一些情况下，很可能是由暴力伤害引起的。

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引用次数: 0

Handgrip strength is associated with functioning in patients with mental disorders: A two-center cross-sectional study 握力与精神障碍患者的功能相关：一项双中心横断面研究

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.047

Saulo de Lima Silva , Viviane Derhon , Ana Carla Lima Nunes , Maria Eduarda Adornes Guimarães , Julia Amaral Teixeira , Ana Leticia Alves Andrade , Felipe Barreto Schuch , Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida

Physical and mental health are intricated, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating the association between self-reported global functioning and handgrip strength and functional capacity in people with mental disorders. This study investigated the association between functioning, handgrip strength, and functional capacity in outpatients with a range of mental disorders. This was a two-center, cross-sectional study. Functioning was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Handgrip strength was assessed with a hand dynamometer, and functional exercise capacity through the 2-min walk test (2 MW T). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the association between WHODAS 2.0, handgrip strength, and functional capacity, adjusted for study site, age, educational level, and severity of psychiatric symptoms. A total of 91 outpatients (mean age = 40.16 ± 13.49, 63.7% females) participated in the study. The mean functioning score was 26.77 (±8.74) out of 60 points, while the mean distance walked was 142.20 ± 34.40 m and the mean handgrip strength was 30.62 ± 11.17 kgf. The adjusted multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only handgrip strength (p = 0.008, 95%CI = −0.327 to −0.050) was associated with functioning. Thus, our results revealed that muscular strength is associated with functioning in patients with mental disorders. This study suggests the importance of incorporating physical health assessment into mental health care for a comprehensive assessment of functioning levels, which is usually restricted to mental symptoms.

身体健康和心理健康息息相关，然而，很少有研究调查精神障碍患者自我报告的整体功能和手握力与功能能力之间的关系。本研究调查了一系列精神障碍门诊患者的功能、手握力和功能能力之间的关联。这是一项在两个中心进行的横断面研究。功能用世界卫生组织残疾评估表 2.0（WHODAS 2.0）进行评估。手部握力通过手部测力计进行评估，功能锻炼能力通过2分钟步行测试（2 MW T）进行评估。采用多元线性回归分析确定 WHODAS 2.0、手握力和功能能力之间的关联，并对研究地点、年龄、教育水平和精神症状严重程度进行调整。共有 91 名门诊患者（平均年龄 = 40.16 ± 13.49，女性占 63.7%）参与了研究。在 60 分的满分中，平均功能评分为 26.77（±8.74）分，平均行走距离为 142.20 ± 34.40 米，平均握力为 30.62 ± 11.17 千克力。调整后的多元线性回归分析显示，只有握力（p = 0.008，95%CI = -0.327至-0.050）与功能相关。因此，我们的研究结果表明，肌肉力量与精神障碍患者的功能相关。这项研究表明，将身体健康评估纳入精神健康护理以全面评估功能水平非常重要，而身体健康评估通常仅限于精神症状。

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引用次数: 0

Awareness and use of support services following mass violence incidents 在大规模暴力事件发生后对支持服务的认识和使用。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.001

Caitlin Rancher , Angela D. Moreland , Sandro Galea , Faraday Davies , Jamison Bottomley , Mohammed Abba-Aji , Salma M. Abdalla , Dean G. Kilpatrick

Mass violence incidents (MVIs) result in significant psychological distress for survivors and the broader community. Support services (mental health services, support groups, religious support) can buffer negative effects of MVIs and facilitate recovery. However, the extent to which community members are aware of and use support services post-MVIs is unknown. A probability sample of 5991 adults (M_ean _age = 45.6, SD = 17.6), mostly female (53%) and White (71%), were recruited from six communities that had experienced an MVI. Participants answered questions on their awareness and use of support services after the MVI and completed measures assessing predisposing, enabling, and need factors that may influence service use. Approximately 20% of participants reported they were aware of mental health services, 20% reported awareness of support groups, and 16% reported awareness of religious support. Younger participants with higher income (predisposing factors), high social support (enabling factor), and direct MVI exposure and psychological distress (need factors) were more likely to report awareness of support services. Of those aware of services, approximately 21% reported using support services. Those with direct MVI exposure and psychological distress were more likely to use each type of service. Otherwise, use of mental health services, support groups, and religious support varied across predisposing factors (race, age, income). Overall, findings suggest there is limited awareness of support services post-MVI, despite the well-documented mental health burden after these incidents. This suggests the need for improved communication about available services after MVIs.

大规模暴力事件（MVIs）会给幸存者和更广泛的社区带来巨大的心理压力。支持服务（心理健康服务、支持团体、宗教支持）可以缓冲大规模暴力事件的负面影响并促进恢复。然而，社区成员在发生母婴暴力事件后对支持服务的了解和使用程度尚不清楚。我们从经历过暴力侵害儿童事件的 6 个社区招募了 5 991 名成年人（平均年龄 = 45.6，标准差 = 17.6）作为概率样本，其中大部分为女性（53%）和白人（71%）。参与者回答了有关他们在母婴传播后对支持服务的认识和使用情况的问题，并完成了可能影响服务使用的倾向性因素、有利因素和需求因素的评估措施。约 20% 的参与者表示他们了解心理健康服务，20% 表示了解支持团体，16% 表示了解宗教支持。收入较高（诱发因素）、社会支持较多（促成因素）、直接接触过乳糜泻和心理困扰（需求因素）的年轻参与者更有可能报告他们了解支持服务。在了解支持服务的参与者中，约有 21% 表示使用了支持服务。那些直接暴露于暴力侵害和心理困扰的人更有可能使用每种类型的服务。此外，不同的易感因素（种族、年龄、收入）对心理健康服务、支持小组和宗教支持的使用情况也不尽相同。总之，研究结果表明，尽管这些事件发生后的心理健康负担得到了充分的证实，但人们对这些事件发生后的支持服务的认识却很有限。这表明，有必要改善有关暴力侵害事件后可用服务的沟通。

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引用次数: 0

Increased risk of hallucinations among people with cancer: Role of loneliness, job satisfaction, sleep and a moderated-mediated model of anxiety and life satisfaction 癌症患者出现幻觉的风险增加：孤独感、工作满意度、睡眠以及焦虑和生活满意度的中介模型的作用。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.041

Caroline Kamau-Mitchell , Barbara Lopes

Being diagnosed with cancer and coping with fears about potential death might trigger acute distress. Previous research found that patients with cancer are 1.85 times more at risk of developing mental illness. Whereas previous studies investigated the risk of schizophrenia, no studies have investigated the risk of individual psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations. This was an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing involving 7586 adults of whom 1082 have cancer. There were 19 (0.3%) who self-reported hallucinations, and logistic regression showed that cancer patients had higher odds of hallucinating. Loneliness, discrimination, poor job satisfaction, poor life satisfaction, anxiety, low level of autonomy/control and having restless sleep were also associated with hallucinations. Cancer patients had higher odds of poor life satisfaction, which was also predicted by loneliness, discrimination, job satisfaction, anxiety symptoms, autonomy/control and restless sleep. Further results of a moderated mediation model showed that cancer, loneliness, and job satisfaction were directly associated with hallucinations, and life satisfaction was a mediator. Anxiety symptoms also moderated the relationships with hallucinations. Cancer is associated with a higher risk of hallucinations, and other aspects of mental wellbeing (e.g., anxiety and life satisfaction) are also important. Interventions are needed which safeguard mental health after cancer diagnosis and during treatment.

被诊断出患有癌症以及应对可能死亡的恐惧可能会引发严重的痛苦。以往的研究发现，癌症患者罹患精神疾病的风险比常人高出 1.85 倍。以往的研究对精神分裂症的风险进行了调查，但还没有研究对幻觉等个别精神病症状的风险进行调查。这是对英国老龄化纵向研究（English Longitudinal Study of Ageing）的一项分析，该研究涉及 7586 名成年人，其中 1082 人患有癌症。有 19 人（0.3%）自述出现幻觉，逻辑回归显示癌症患者出现幻觉的几率更高。孤独感、歧视、工作满意度低、生活满意度低、焦虑、自主/控制能力低和睡眠不安也与幻觉有关。癌症患者生活满意度低的几率较高，而孤独感、歧视、工作满意度、焦虑症状、自主性/控制力和睡眠不安稳也会影响生活满意度。调节中介模型的进一步结果显示，癌症、孤独感和工作满意度与幻觉直接相关，而生活满意度是中介因素。焦虑症状也调节了与幻觉的关系。癌症与较高的幻觉风险有关，精神健康的其他方面（如焦虑和生活满意度）也很重要。需要采取干预措施，在癌症确诊后和治疗期间保障心理健康。

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引用次数: 0

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials 深部经颅磁刺激治疗难治性强迫症：随机对照试验的荟萃分析。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.043

Kun Li , Liju Qian , Chenchen Zhang , Rui Li , Jinkun Zeng , Chuang Xue , Wei Deng

Background

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS), an advancement of transcranial magnetic stimulation, was created to reach wider and possibly more profound regions of the brain. At present, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of dTMS in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Objective

This study used a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dTMS for treating OCD.

Methods

Four randomized controlled trials were found by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 2024. The fixed effects meta-analysis model was used for the purpose of data merging in Stata17. The risk ratio (RR) value was used as the measure of effect size to compare response rates and dropout rates between active and sham dTMS.

Results

The meta-analysis included four randomized-controlled trials involving 252 patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Active dTMS showed a notably greater rate of response on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) in comparison to sham dTMS after treatment (Y-BOCS: RR = 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06 to 6.69) and at the one-month follow-up (Y-BOCS: RR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.26). Subgroup analysis revealed that active dTMS with H-coils was more effective than sham dTMS (RR = 3.57, 95%CI 1.93 to 6.60). No serious adverse events were documented in the studies that were included.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that dTMS demonstrates notable efficacy and safety in treating patients with treatment-resistant OCD compared to sham dTMS, with sustained effectiveness noted throughout the one-month post-treatment period.

背景：深部经颅磁刺激（dTMS）是经颅磁刺激的一种新技术，其作用范围更广，可能更深入大脑的各个区域。目前，还没有足够的高质量证据支持经颅磁刺激治疗强迫症（OCD）的有效性和安全性：本研究采用荟萃分析法评估经颅磁刺激治疗强迫症的有效性和安全性：方法：通过检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library，找到了截至2024年2月的四项随机对照试验。在Stata17中使用固定效应荟萃分析模型进行数据合并。采用风险比（RR）值作为效应大小的衡量标准，以比较活性和假性 dTMS 的反应率和辍学率：荟萃分析包括四项随机对照试验，涉及 252 名治疗耐受性强迫症患者。在治疗后（Y-BOCS：RR = 3.71，95% 置信区间 [CI] 2.06 至 6.69）和一个月的随访中（Y-BOCS：RR = 2.60，95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.59 至 4.26），活性 dTMS 在耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表（Y-BOCS）上的反应率明显高于假性 dTMS。分组分析显示，使用 H 线圈的主动 dTMS 比假 dTMS 更有效（RR = 3.57，95%CI 1.93 至 6.60）。在纳入的研究中未发现严重不良事件：研究结果表明，与假性经颅磁刺激相比，经颅磁刺激在治疗难治性强迫症患者方面具有显著的疗效和安全性，并且在治疗后的一个月内疗效持续。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping brain activity and neurotransmitters pre-cigarette smoking evolution: A study of male subjects 绘制吸烟演变前的大脑活动和神经递质图：男性受试者研究

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.051

Jieping Sun , Mengzhe zhang , Jinghan Dang , Xiaoyu Niu , Qiuying Tao , Yimeng Kang , Longyao Ma , Bohui Mei , Yarui Wei , Weijian Wang , Shaoqiang Han , Jingliang Cheng , Yong Zhang

Background

The impact of tobacco smoking on global health persists and it is essential to understand the progression of addiction and the involvement of neurotransmitters.

Methods

This study assessed 47 participants with tobacco use disorder (TUD) categorized based on changes in Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores over 6 years: progressive TUD (pTUD), regressive TUD (rTUD), and stable TUD (sTUD). Additionally, 35 healthy controls were included. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) and correlations with neurotransmitter distributions using JuSpace.

Results

Significant differences in ReHo were observed among pTUD, rTUD, sTUD, and controls. After strict Bonferroni correction, rTUD exhibited increased ReHo in the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared to sTUD (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Both pTUD (p < 0.001) and rTUD (p < 0.001) showed decreased ReHo in the superior temporal gyrus compared to sTUD. sTUD had increased ReHo in the supramarginal gyrus compared to all other groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, separately). The strongest association, which survived rigorous Bonferroni correction, was between the ReHo changes in rTUD compared to sTUD and neurotransmitter distribution. This includes 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (p = 0.001), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (p < 0.001), norepinephrine transporter (p < 0.001), and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

This study provides insights into how smoking behaviors correlate with alterations in brain activity and neurotransmitter function. By elucidating these neural links to tobacco use disorder progression, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of smoking's neurological impact and potentially inform more targeted therapeutic strategies.

背景：吸烟对全球健康的影响依然存在，因此了解烟草成瘾的发展过程以及神经递质的参与至关重要：本研究评估了47名患有烟草使用障碍（TUD）的参与者，根据其6年来在法格斯特伦尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）中的得分变化将其分为：进行性TUD（pTUD）、退行性TUD（rTUD）和稳定型TUD（sTUD）。此外，还纳入了 35 名健康对照者。利用静息态功能磁共振成像评估大脑区域同质性（ReHo），并使用 JuSpace 评估与神经递质分布的相关性：在 pTUD、rTUD、sTUD 和对照组之间观察到 ReHo 存在显著差异。经过严格的 Bonferroni 校正后，与 sTUD 相比，rTUD 在额上回背外侧的 ReHo 有所增加（p 结论：rTUD 在额上回背外侧的 ReHo 有所增加：本研究有助于深入了解吸烟行为如何与大脑活动和神经递质功能的改变相关联。通过阐明这些与烟草使用障碍进展的神经联系，我们的研究结果有助于加深对吸烟对神经系统影响的理解，并有可能为更有针对性的治疗策略提供依据。

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引用次数: 0