Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.016
Poul Jennum , Anne Virring Sørensen , Lone Baandrup , Michael Ibsen , Rikke Ibsen , Jakob Kjellberg
Introduction
Research on the long-term effects of treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on educational and social outcomes is limited. This study aims to evaluate long-term social functioning outcomes in patients with ADHD and the potential effects of pharmacological treatment for ADHD.
Methods
We used National Patient Registry data from 1995 to 2016 to identify patients diagnosed with ADHD and those collecting ADHD medication. Eligible patients were under 30 years old or had reached 30 between 2005 and 2016, ensuring a minimum 10-year observation period. A case-control design was applied, matching ADHD patients in a ratio of 1:4 with the general population based on age, sex, and residential municipality at the index year.
Results
Patients with ADHD experienced substantial socioeconomic difficulties, indicated by increased direct health care costs, higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and greater co-medication use compared with controls. No association was found between adherence to ADHD medication and completion of education at age 30 years. Adherence to ADHD medication appeared to negatively impact employment status at age 30, confounded by the severity of psychiatric comorbidity.
Conclusions
Despite available treatments, patients with ADHD lag in achieving social functioning outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand how to support patients with ADHD in order to close the gaps in health and socioeconomic status.
{"title":"Long-term effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on social functioning and health care outcomes","authors":"Poul Jennum , Anne Virring Sørensen , Lone Baandrup , Michael Ibsen , Rikke Ibsen , Jakob Kjellberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Research on the long-term effects of treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on educational and social outcomes is limited. This study aims to evaluate long-term social functioning outcomes in patients with ADHD and the potential effects of pharmacological treatment for ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used National Patient Registry data from 1995 to 2016 to identify patients diagnosed with ADHD and those collecting ADHD medication. Eligible patients were under 30 years old or had reached 30 between 2005 and 2016, ensuring a minimum 10-year observation period. A case-control design was applied, matching ADHD patients in a ratio of 1:4 with the general population based on age, sex, and residential municipality at the index year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with ADHD experienced substantial socioeconomic difficulties, indicated by increased direct health care costs, higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and greater co-medication use compared with controls. No association was found between adherence to ADHD medication and completion of education at age 30 years. Adherence to ADHD medication appeared to negatively impact employment status at age 30, confounded by the severity of psychiatric comorbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite available treatments, patients with ADHD lag in achieving social functioning outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand how to support patients with ADHD in order to close the gaps in health and socioeconomic status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 212-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced numerous stressors and challenges that have had profound implications for mental health. This study examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health among Icelandic adults (n = 1766), using longitudinal survey data spanning three waves of data collection from 2019 to 2022. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress increased from the beginning of the pandemic to the second time point, approximately one year into the pandemic, coinciding with reductions in happiness and social support. By the third time point, mental health remained slightly poorer than pre-pandemic levels, even after all COVID-19-related restrictions had been lifted. Unlike some other countries, COVID-19 infections in Iceland did not rise significantly until after the summer of 2021. Overall, participants perceived that the pandemic most adversely affected their social relationships and mental health. Prolonged periods in quarantine were predictive of these perceptions, albeit effect sizes were small. During the pandemic, women and younger participants reported slightly poorer mental health, while social support predicted better mental health outcomes. These results show that large societal stressors can significantly impact the mental health of populations. While social support is a prominent predictor of better mental health, additional variables may be needed to explain these effects fully.
{"title":"Mental health and sociodemographic influences during COVID-19: Longitudinal findings from Iceland","authors":"Erla Katrín Jónsdóttir, Auðun Valborgarson, Bryndís Björk Ásgeirsdóttir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdóttir","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic introduced numerous stressors and challenges that have had profound implications for mental health. This study examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health among Icelandic adults (n = 1766), using longitudinal survey data spanning three waves of data collection from 2019 to 2022. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress increased from the beginning of the pandemic to the second time point, approximately one year into the pandemic, coinciding with reductions in happiness and social support. By the third time point, mental health remained slightly poorer than pre-pandemic levels, even after all COVID-19-related restrictions had been lifted. Unlike some other countries, COVID-19 infections in Iceland did not rise significantly until after the summer of 2021. Overall, participants perceived that the pandemic most adversely affected their social relationships and mental health. Prolonged periods in quarantine were predictive of these perceptions, albeit effect sizes were small. During the pandemic, women and younger participants reported slightly poorer mental health, while social support predicted better mental health outcomes. These results show that large societal stressors can significantly impact the mental health of populations. While social support is a prominent predictor of better mental health, additional variables may be needed to explain these effects fully.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.030
Sena Aksoy , Serdar Avunduk , Erdal Görkem Gavcar , Ahmet Büber
Background
Childhood sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child by an adult for sexual purposes. Many cases go undetected and can occur across all socioeconomic levels, ages, genders, and regions. With the rise of internet use, abuse is increasingly occurring online, with some online relationships escalating to in-person sexual contact between the victim and offender.
Objective
Our study hypothesizes that adolescents with high internet addiction and difficulty protecting their privacy online may be at greater risk for abuse, and that their parents may have low digital awareness.
Methods
Adolescents completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Social Media Privacy Protection Scale, and Young Internet Addiction Scale (short form), while parents completed the Digital Parent Awareness Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.
Results
The case group showed higher internet addiction and social media use, while the control group had better social media privacy protection skills. Although not statistically significant, parents in the case group had lower digital awareness. A negative relationship was observed between internet addiction and parental awareness.
Discussion
Parental mediation of young people's social media use significantly impacts their privacy management.To prevent abuse, parents must understand the risks of the digital environment and the necessary precautions.
Limitation
The primary limitation of this study is the limited sample size, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings.
{"title":"Evaluation of social media privacy, internet addiction in adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse and digital awareness in their parents","authors":"Sena Aksoy , Serdar Avunduk , Erdal Görkem Gavcar , Ahmet Büber","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child by an adult for sexual purposes. Many cases go undetected and can occur across all socioeconomic levels, ages, genders, and regions. With the rise of internet use, abuse is increasingly occurring online, with some online relationships escalating to in-person sexual contact between the victim and offender.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study hypothesizes that adolescents with high internet addiction and difficulty protecting their privacy online may be at greater risk for abuse, and that their parents may have low digital awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adolescents completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Social Media Privacy Protection Scale, and Young Internet Addiction Scale (short form), while parents completed the Digital Parent Awareness Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The case group showed higher internet addiction and social media use, while the control group had better social media privacy protection skills. Although not statistically significant, parents in the case group had lower digital awareness. A negative relationship was observed between internet addiction and parental awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Parental mediation of young people's social media use significantly impacts their privacy management.To prevent abuse, parents must understand the risks of the digital environment and the necessary precautions.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>The primary limitation of this study is the limited sample size, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 368-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.042
Javier Goena Vives , Cristina Vidal-Adroher , Sergio M. Solis-Barquero , Carmen Jiménez-Mesa , María Sol Garcés Espinosa , Miguel Fernández , Reyes García-Eulate , Patricio Molero , Ana Catalán , Irene Alústiza , María A. Fernández-Seara , Felipe Ortuño
The detection of rare or deviant stimuli shares common brain circuits involved in temporal processing and salience, critical for cognitive control. Disruption in these processes may contribute to the mechanisms of the disease and explain cognitive deficits observed in psychosis and related disorders. We designed a neuroimaging study, using oddball task-based functional sequences (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), comparing healthy controls (HC, n = 14, 7 females) and patients with stable psychosis (PSY, n = 20, 10 females). The PSY individuals had schizophrenia or bipolar disorder diagnosis (ICD-10), meeting symptom remission criteria in the last 6 months. Two variants of the auditory oddball paradigm were employed, focusing on sound frequency (SF) and time discrimination (TD) tasks, adapted for fMRI. We used a general linear model to analyze fMRI data and a random effects model for group analysis, complemented by an exploratory statistical agnostic mapping analysis. DTI data were processed using FSL (FMRIB Software Library) and TBSS (Tract Based Spatial Statistics). Distinct activation patterns between groups were observed, with increased brain activity in PSY in TD and SF oddball tasks. In response to increased task difficulty, HC predominantly activated cerebellar regions, whereas PSY relied more on frontal regions. Reduced fractional anisotropy in PSY correlated with lower performance scores in the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The study underscores aberrant brain activity and white matter deficits in stable psychosis patients, highlighting distinct responses to cognitive challenges compared to HC. These findings may support the hypothesis of cognitive dysmetria as a potential underlying mechanism in psychosis and highlight future therapeutic strategies, including non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
{"title":"Deviant sound frequency and time stimuli in auditory oddball tasks reveal persistent aberrant brain activity in patients with psychosis and symptomatic remission","authors":"Javier Goena Vives , Cristina Vidal-Adroher , Sergio M. Solis-Barquero , Carmen Jiménez-Mesa , María Sol Garcés Espinosa , Miguel Fernández , Reyes García-Eulate , Patricio Molero , Ana Catalán , Irene Alústiza , María A. Fernández-Seara , Felipe Ortuño","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of rare or deviant stimuli shares common brain circuits involved in temporal processing and salience, critical for cognitive control. Disruption in these processes may contribute to the mechanisms of the disease and explain cognitive deficits observed in psychosis and related disorders. We designed a neuroimaging study, using oddball task-based functional sequences (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), comparing healthy controls (HC, n = 14, 7 females) and patients with stable psychosis (PSY, n = 20, 10 females). The PSY individuals had schizophrenia or bipolar disorder diagnosis (ICD-10), meeting symptom remission criteria in the last 6 months. Two variants of the auditory oddball paradigm were employed, focusing on sound frequency (SF) and time discrimination (TD) tasks, adapted for fMRI. We used a general linear model to analyze fMRI data and a random effects model for group analysis, complemented by an exploratory statistical agnostic mapping analysis. DTI data were processed using FSL (FMRIB Software Library) and TBSS (Tract Based Spatial Statistics). Distinct activation patterns between groups were observed, with increased brain activity in PSY in TD and SF oddball tasks. In response to increased task difficulty, HC predominantly activated cerebellar regions, whereas PSY relied more on frontal regions. Reduced fractional anisotropy in PSY correlated with lower performance scores in the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The study underscores aberrant brain activity and white matter deficits in stable psychosis patients, highlighting distinct responses to cognitive challenges compared to HC. These findings may support the hypothesis of cognitive dysmetria as a potential underlying mechanism in psychosis and highlight future therapeutic strategies, including non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 400-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.041
Colmenero-Navarrete Lidia, Salguero José M, García-Sancho Esperanza
Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) is an “acute” mental state characterized by intense cognitive and affective dysregulation which aims to explain the psychological processes occurring in the days or hours prior to suicide behavior. SCS has been shown to be able to predict suicide behavior, however, few studies have studied which variables predict it. In this study we examined the predictive role of beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and interpersonal needs on SCS. We used a sample of 276 participants (50,4% male), ranging in age from 18 to 77 years, who completed a 4-month follow-up study, to address our hypotheses. Results showed that emotional uncontrollability beliefs and perceived burdensomeness predicted SCS. Furthermore, the perception of burdensomeness at Time 1 mediated the link between uncontrollability beliefs at Time 1 and SCS at Time 2. Clinical implications of these results and future lines of research are discussed.
{"title":"Beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and interpersonal needs as predictors of Suicide Crisis Syndrome","authors":"Colmenero-Navarrete Lidia, Salguero José M, García-Sancho Esperanza","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) is an “acute” mental state characterized by intense cognitive and affective dysregulation which aims to explain the psychological processes occurring in the days or hours prior to suicide behavior. SCS has been shown to be able to predict suicide behavior, however, few studies have studied which variables predict it. In this study we examined the predictive role of beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and interpersonal needs on SCS. We used a sample of 276 participants (50,4% male), ranging in age from 18 to 77 years, who completed a 4-month follow-up study, to address our hypotheses. Results showed that emotional uncontrollability beliefs and perceived burdensomeness predicted SCS. Furthermore, the perception of burdensomeness at Time 1 mediated the link between uncontrollability beliefs at Time 1 and SCS at Time 2. Clinical implications of these results and future lines of research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 312-318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.040
Esmé Jansen van Vuren , Leigh L. van den Heuvel , Sian MJ. Hemmings , Soraya Seedat
Background
The pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves dysregulation of stress-sensitive biological systems due to repeated trauma exposure, predisposing individuals to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Allostatic load (AL), an indicator of maladaptive stress responses, could shed light on the underlying biological mechanisms. We determined whether CVD risk and AL were associated with trauma load and resilience in women with PTSD and trauma-exposed controls (TEC).
Methods
Adults with PTSD N = 114 and TEC N = 95 were administered the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale for DSM–5, to assess for current PTSD diagnosis and severity, the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 for lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events (cumulative trauma) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. An AL score was calculated as a sum of dichotomous variables from four physiological systems (neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory). CVD risk was assessed with the South African Framingham risk score.
Results
In patients with PTSD, cumulative trauma was associated with higher AL (p = 0.04) and CVD risk (p = 0.02). In TEC, AL was inversely associated with resilience (p = 0.04). There was a significant interaction between cumulative trauma and resilience on AL (p = 0.009) in PTSD cases, with a stronger association between cumulative trauma and AL in those with higher resilience.
Conclusions
Resilience may have differential detrimental and protective effects on AL in individuals with PTSD and TEC. Cumulative trauma exposure may, independently, increase the likelihood of high AL and CVD risk in PTSD, with resilience moderating this effect. Remaining resilient while experiencing PTSD symptoms may impose a biological strain that could have long-term harmful effects.
{"title":"Cardiovascular risk and allostatic load in PTSD: The role of cumulative trauma and resilience in affected and trauma-exposed adults","authors":"Esmé Jansen van Vuren , Leigh L. van den Heuvel , Sian MJ. Hemmings , Soraya Seedat","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves dysregulation of stress-sensitive biological systems due to repeated trauma exposure, predisposing individuals to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Allostatic load (AL), an indicator of maladaptive stress responses, could shed light on the underlying biological mechanisms. We determined whether CVD risk and AL were associated with trauma load and resilience in women with PTSD and trauma-exposed controls (TEC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with PTSD <em>N</em> = 114 and TEC <em>N</em> = 95 were administered the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale for DSM–5, to assess for current PTSD diagnosis and severity, the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 for lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events (cumulative trauma) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. An AL score was calculated as a sum of dichotomous variables from four physiological systems (neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory). CVD risk was assessed with the South African Framingham risk score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients with PTSD, cumulative trauma was associated with higher AL (<em>p</em> = 0.04) and CVD risk (<em>p</em> = 0.02). In TEC, AL was inversely associated with resilience (<em>p</em> = 0.04). There was a significant interaction between cumulative trauma and resilience on AL (<em>p</em> = 0.009) in PTSD cases, with a stronger association between cumulative trauma and AL in those with higher resilience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Resilience may have differential detrimental and protective effects on AL in individuals with PTSD and TEC. Cumulative trauma exposure may, independently, increase the likelihood of high AL and CVD risk in PTSD, with resilience moderating this effect. Remaining resilient while experiencing PTSD symptoms may impose a biological strain that could have long-term harmful effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 338-346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.050
Verónica Romero-Ferreiro , Lorena García-Fernández , Carmen Romero , Mónica De la Fuente , Estefanía Diaz-del Cerro , Mauro Scala , Rocío González-Soltero , Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon , Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo , Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
Introduction
Recent research has identified gut microbiota dysbiosis as a potential contributing factor in schizophrenia, leading to growing interest in exploring probiotics as a complementary approach to traditional antipsychotic treatments. This study aims to systematically evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy of probiotics in improving clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, offering a novel perspective into their potential role as an adjunctive strategy.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted to review randomized clinical trials, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was also performed to assess the primary outcome, which was the impact of probiotic supplementation on clinical symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
Results
Of the 76 studies initially identified, 5 were finally included. Regarding the symptomatology measured through the PANSS total score, the average effect was significant after the probiotic supplementation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.608, (95% CI -1.314; −0.047), p = .035.
Conclusion
The synthesis of available data suggests that probiotic supplementation may effectively reduce clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. However, the limited number of studies prevents the formation of robust conclusions. Further clinical trials with more rigorous experimental designs are necessary before making definitive recommendations.
{"title":"Impact of probiotic treatment on clinical symptom reduction in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Verónica Romero-Ferreiro , Lorena García-Fernández , Carmen Romero , Mónica De la Fuente , Estefanía Diaz-del Cerro , Mauro Scala , Rocío González-Soltero , Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon , Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo , Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recent research has identified gut microbiota dysbiosis as a potential contributing factor in schizophrenia, leading to growing interest in exploring probiotics as a complementary approach to traditional antipsychotic treatments. This study aims to systematically evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy of probiotics in improving clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, offering a novel perspective into their potential role as an adjunctive strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted to review randomized clinical trials, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was also performed to assess the primary outcome, which was the impact of probiotic supplementation on clinical symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 76 studies initially identified, 5 were finally included. Regarding the symptomatology measured through the PANSS total score, the average effect was significant after the probiotic supplementation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.608, (95% CI -1.314; −0.047), p = .035.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The synthesis of available data suggests that probiotic supplementation may effectively reduce clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. However, the limited number of studies prevents the formation of robust conclusions. Further clinical trials with more rigorous experimental designs are necessary before making definitive recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Police, firefighters, dispatchers, and emergency medical technicians—collectively known as first responders—are a unique population frequently exposed to chronic, traumatic incidents. This exposure results in a high prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, posing a substantial public health concern. Genetic predispositions and epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression are significant contributors to trauma-related pathologies. This systematic review aims to summarize current data on epigenetic and gene expression changes in first responders related to three post-trauma pathologies: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. We also explore genetic pathways across these disorders to identify potential commonalities and therapeutic targets.
Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from July to October 2023, yielding 1103 studies, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria (total N = 6943).
Results
Of the included studies, 11 examined PTSD, consistently implicating stress-response genes, such as those in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (e.g., FKBP5, NR3C1), and genes related to inflammation and immune responses. Three studies focused on depression-related genetic biomarkers but reported no significant genome-wide methylation differences between responders with current versus no major depressive disorder (MDD). No studies addressed epigenetic or gene expression changes linked to anxiety.
Conclusion
This review identified novel genes and pathways related to trauma as potential targets for future research and pharmacological therapy. It also highlights a significant gap in the literature, emphasizing the need for broader research to investigate the genetic underpinnings of trauma exposure in first responders, aiming to identify relevant pathways and therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Gene expression and epigenetic changes in post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in first responders: A systematic review","authors":"Rasheed Alahmad, Liza M. Hinchey, Manahil Shaikh, Alireza Amirsadri, Arash Javanbakht","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Police, firefighters, dispatchers, and emergency medical technicians—collectively known as first responders—are a unique population frequently exposed to chronic, traumatic incidents. This exposure results in a high prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, posing a substantial public health concern. Genetic predispositions and epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression are significant contributors to trauma-related pathologies. This systematic review aims to summarize current data on epigenetic and gene expression changes in first responders related to three post-trauma pathologies: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. We also explore genetic pathways across these disorders to identify potential commonalities and therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from July to October 2023, yielding 1103 studies, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria (total N = 6943).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the included studies, 11 examined PTSD, consistently implicating stress-response genes, such as those in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (e.g., FKBP5, NR3C1), and genes related to inflammation and immune responses. Three studies focused on depression-related genetic biomarkers but reported no significant genome-wide methylation differences between responders with current versus no major depressive disorder (MDD). No studies addressed epigenetic or gene expression changes linked to anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review identified novel genes and pathways related to trauma as potential targets for future research and pharmacological therapy. It also highlights a significant gap in the literature, emphasizing the need for broader research to investigate the genetic underpinnings of trauma exposure in first responders, aiming to identify relevant pathways and therapeutic targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 438-451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.046
Wenqian Lu , Zhixuan Yao , Shujian Wang , Yan Gu , Yan Li , Zeqing Hu , Gangqin Li
Background
Accumulating evidence indicates a relationship between depression and violence; however, little is known about the characteristics of criminal offenses and the risk factors of violent offenses for patients with depression. This article analyzed the sociodemographic, criminological, and clinical characteristics of criminal offenses committed by patients with depression and the risk factors for violent offenses.
Methods
Criminal cases committed by patients with depression between January 2016 and December 2023 were collected in a national database named China Judgements Online and a forensic center. The sociodemographic, criminological and clinical characteristics of the cases and offenders were analyzed. Chi-squared test and independent sample t-test were used to compare the differences between violent and non-violent subgroups. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of violent offenses.
Results
A total of 1781 criminal cases were enrolled, among which 1086 (61.0%) cases were violent offenses, and 695 (39.0%) cases were non-violent offenses. Significant differences were found between the violent group and the non-violent group in education level (p < 0.001), employment status (p < 0.001), disease stage (p < 0.001), and treatment history (p < 0.001). Male (OR = 2.336, 95% CI = 1.134–4.484), irritability (OR = 1.861, 95% CI = 1.063–3.596), and diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 3.146, 95% CI = 1.053–9.399) were risk factors for violent offenses, while treatment and medication were protective factors.
Conclusion
Early identification, regular treatment, and dynamic risk management were critical for violence prevention in patients with depression, particularly in those exhibiting irritable symptoms. It is essential to educate many people, including family members, about the signs and symptoms of depression and effective communication strategies with patients.
{"title":"Characteristics and violence risk factors of criminal offenses committed by patients with depression: An eight -year retrospective study in China","authors":"Wenqian Lu , Zhixuan Yao , Shujian Wang , Yan Gu , Yan Li , Zeqing Hu , Gangqin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence indicates a relationship between depression and violence; however, little is known about the characteristics of criminal offenses and the risk factors of violent offenses for patients with depression. This article analyzed the sociodemographic, criminological, and clinical characteristics of criminal offenses committed by patients with depression and the risk factors for violent offenses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Criminal cases committed by patients with depression between January 2016 and December 2023 were collected in a national database named China Judgements Online and a forensic center. The sociodemographic, criminological and clinical characteristics of the cases and offenders were analyzed. Chi-squared test and independent sample <em>t</em>-test were used to compare the differences between violent and non-violent subgroups. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of violent offenses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1781 criminal cases were enrolled, among which 1086 (61.0%) cases were violent offenses, and 695 (39.0%) cases were non-violent offenses. Significant differences were found between the violent group and the non-violent group in education level (p < 0.001), employment status (p < 0.001), disease stage (p < 0.001), and treatment history (p < 0.001). Male (OR = 2.336, 95% CI = 1.134–4.484), irritability (OR = 1.861, 95% CI = 1.063–3.596), and diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 3.146, 95% CI = 1.053–9.399) were risk factors for violent offenses, while treatment and medication were protective factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early identification, regular treatment, and dynamic risk management were critical for violence prevention in patients with depression, particularly in those exhibiting irritable symptoms. It is essential to educate many people, including family members, about the signs and symptoms of depression and effective communication strategies with patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 469-479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.008
Ò. Alcoverro-Fortuny , F. Viñas Usan , C. Elena Sanabria , J.E. Rojo Rodes
Background
Determining anesthetic depth has been used to assess the optimal timing of electrical stimulus application in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This has improved the quality and effectiveness of seizures, as some anesthetics used can decrease efficacy. This study evaluated the influence of the Patient State Index (PSi) on the course of ECT in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
Methods
this was an experimental prospective study with a control group involving 47 patients (22 assessed with the PSi, 25 controls) admitted and diagnosed with MDD. Clinical evolution variables, procedural characteristics, cognitive variables, and seizure adequacy were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
Results
the PSi group had fewer restimulations during treatment, higher values of seizure concordance, and higher "time to peak coherence" as parameters of seizure quality. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding improvement in depression, intra-ECT awareness, or adverse cognitive effects.
Conclusion
the use of the PSi for measuring anesthetic depth in modified ECT with propofol appeared to improve procedure effectiveness without increasing the incidence of intra-ECT awareness or cognitive side effects.
{"title":"How does the measurement of anesthetic depth using the patient state index influence the course of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder?","authors":"Ò. Alcoverro-Fortuny , F. Viñas Usan , C. Elena Sanabria , J.E. Rojo Rodes","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Determining anesthetic depth has been used to assess the optimal timing of electrical stimulus application in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This has improved the quality and effectiveness of seizures, as some anesthetics used can decrease efficacy. This study evaluated the influence of the Patient State Index (PSi) on the course of ECT in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>this was an experimental prospective study with a control group involving 47 patients (22 assessed with the PSi, 25 controls) admitted and diagnosed with MDD. Clinical evolution variables, procedural characteristics, cognitive variables, and seizure adequacy were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>the PSi group had fewer restimulations during treatment, higher values of seizure concordance, and higher \"time to peak coherence\" as parameters of seizure quality. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding improvement in depression, intra-ECT awareness, or adverse cognitive effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>the use of the PSi for measuring anesthetic depth in modified ECT with propofol appeared to improve procedure effectiveness without increasing the incidence of intra-ECT awareness or cognitive side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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