Journal of psychiatric research最新文献_第7页

Interoception, emotion regulation strategies and skin-picking behaviors – Results of an intensive longitudinal study 内感知、情绪调节策略和抠皮行为--一项深入纵向研究的结果。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.040

Joanna Kłosowska, Agnieszka Cieśla, Dominika Szymańska, Amelia Jankowska, Katarzyna Prochwicz

Compulsive skin-picking is associated with emotion regulation difficulties, whose origins remain unclear. Interoception, plays an important role in effective emotion regulation. This study examined the relationship between interoception, emotion regulation strategies, and skin-picking in 136 individuals (85% women, aged 18–41), including 71 engaging in skin-picking and 65 psychologically healthy controls. We were interested in between-group differences in maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation and aspects of interoception as well as associations of the latter with skin-picking symptoms and use of emotion regulation strategies. At baseline, we assessed habitual emotion regulation strategies (rumination, suppression, distraction, engagement, arousal control, reappraisal) and Interoceptive Sensibility (e.g., emotional awareness, body listening, self-regulation, noticing) through self-report questionnaires. Moreover, Interoceptive Accuracy (IAc) was measured via a Heartbeat Counting Task. Additionally, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) over seven days was used to register use of emotion regulation strategies and the occurrence and severity of skin-picking episodes during that period. At baseline, the skin-picking group exhibited lower IAc, emotional awareness, and higher habitual use of rumination than control group. Lower IAc was associated with higher odds of reporting skin-picking episodes assessed during EMA. Body listening correlated with a reduced sense of control over skin-picking during EMA. In total sample, self-regulation was related to lower odds of using rumination during EMA and noticing with less use of cognitive reappraisal. The study highlights the complex relationship between interoception, emotion regulation, and skin-picking, offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying skin picking disorder.

强迫性抠皮与情绪调节困难有关，其根源尚不清楚。内感知在有效的情绪调节中发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了 136 人（85% 为女性，年龄在 18-41 岁之间）的内感知、情绪调节策略和抠皮之间的关系，其中包括 71 名有抠皮行为的人和 65 名心理健康的对照组。我们关注的是不同群体之间在适应性和适应性情绪调节以及知觉方面的差异，以及知觉与抠皮症状和情绪调节策略使用之间的关联。在基线期，我们通过自我报告问卷评估了习惯性情绪调节策略（反刍、压抑、转移注意力、参与、唤醒控制、重新评估）和知觉敏感性（如情绪意识、身体倾听、自我调节、注意）。此外，还通过 "心跳计数任务 "测量了感知间准确性（IAc）。此外，七天的生态瞬间评估（EMA）用于记录情绪调节策略的使用情况，以及在此期间抠皮事件的发生率和严重程度。与对照组相比，抠皮组在基线时表现出较低的IAc、情绪意识和习惯性反刍。较低的 IAc 与在 EMA 评估期间报告抠皮事件的几率较高有关。身体倾听与 EMA 期间对抠皮的控制感降低有关。在所有样本中，自我调节与在 EMA 期间使用反刍的几率较低有关，也与较少使用认知再评价有关。这项研究强调了内感知、情绪调节和抠皮之间的复杂关系，为了解抠皮障碍的内在机制提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Using machine learning modeling to identify childhood abuse victims on the basis of personality inventory responses 利用机器学习建模，根据人格清单的反应识别童年虐待受害者。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.046

Angelo Sadeghpour , Varsha D. Badal , David L. Pogge , Elizabeth O'Donoghue , Tim Bigdeli , Philip D. Harvey

Trauma is very common and associated with significant co-morbidity world-wide, particularly PTSD and frequently other mental health disorders. However, it can be challenging to identify victims of abuse as self-reports can be difficult to elicit due to emotional distress. Better confirmation of a history of significant mistreatment can assist significantly in treatment planning. We evaluate an alternate approach based on machine-learning techniques applied to personality inventory data (Minnesota Personality Inventory, Adolescent Version; MMPI-A) obtained concurrently to examine convergence with reports of past trauma exposure. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered to 733 child and adolescent inpatients. Statistical and information-theory measures showed that each type of abuse – sexual, physical, and emotional – had a unique “fingerprint” of MMPI-A profiles. In contrast to our previous findings in terms of specific correlations with IQ, individuals positive for Sexual abuse had the fewest MMPI-A elevations, followed by Physical abuse, while those reporting Emotional abuse had the greatest number of elevations. We developed an initial classifier Machine Learning (ML) model for predicting a history of abuse that demonstrates equivalent sensitivity compared to other widely used screening measures. In addition, we show via PCA and cluster analysis that the different levels of severity of emotional abuse present with unique mixtures of personality trait characteristics. Thus, this type of ML mediated analysis could permit at-scale detection of those at potential high risk of a history of abuse by use of real-time information, using a variety of nontransparent data sources.

创伤是一种非常普遍的现象，在全球范围内与严重的并发症相关，尤其是创伤后应激障碍和其他常见的精神疾病。然而，由于情绪上的困扰，自我报告可能难以获得，因此识别虐待受害者的身份具有挑战性。更好地确认重大虐待史对制定治疗计划大有帮助。我们评估了一种基于机器学习技术的替代方法，该方法应用于同时获得的人格清单数据（明尼苏达人格清单，青少年版；MMPI-A），以检查与过去创伤暴露报告的一致性。对 733 名儿童和青少年住院病人进行了童年创伤问卷调查（CTQ）。统计和信息理论测量结果表明，每种类型的虐待--性虐待、身体虐待和情感虐待--都有独特的 MMPI-A 特征 "指纹"。就与智商的具体相关性而言，与我们之前的研究结果不同的是，性虐待阳性个体的 MMPI-A 升高最少，其次是身体虐待，而报告情感虐待的个体升高最多。我们开发了一个用于预测虐待史的初始分类器机器学习（ML）模型，与其他广泛使用的筛查方法相比，该模型具有同等的灵敏度。此外，我们还通过 PCA 和聚类分析表明，不同严重程度的情感虐待具有独特的人格特质混合物。因此，这种以 ML 为中介的分析方法可以利用各种不透明的数据源，通过实时信息对有虐待史的潜在高风险人群进行大规模检测。

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引用次数: 0

Expression of Concern: Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey. 表达关切：人工流产与焦虑、情绪和药物滥用障碍：在全国综合症调查中隔离人工流产的影响。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.044

引用次数: 0

Reward processing in young people with self-harm behaviour 有自残行为的青少年的奖赏处理。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.038

Emre Yavuz , Rachel Rodrigues , Ana Pascual Sanchez , Anne Lingford-Hughes , Martina Di Simplicio

Twenty percent of young people report a lifetime presence of self-harm (SH) behaviour, associated with negative health and functional outcomes. Understanding the underlying cognitive mechanisms is needed to develop targeted early interventions. Reward processing biases may underlie SH, aligning with accounts of the behaviour acquiring “addictive” characteristics. However, the specific nature of such biases remains unclear, particularly its relationship with negative affect (NA) that frequently triggers SH. In Study 1, we compared young people (aged 16–25) with SH to a group with NA but no SH history and a healthy control group on performance of a novel Incentive Delay Task (IDT), with SH-related (SH trials), positive social (social trials) or monetary images (money trials) as stimuli. In Study 2, a different sample of SH and HC participants completed the same IDT following NA induction via an online Trier Social Stress Test. For both studies, we hypothesised faster and more correct responses in the SH group than control groups on SH trials. Contradicting our hypothesis, there were no significant between-group differences in IDT performance on SH, social and money trials in either study. Certain SH characteristics (positive reinforcement, SH mental imagery, urge) were significantly correlated with better performance on SH trials in SH participants. Thus, broadly SH behaviour may not be underpinned by motivational biases towards SH-related cues or naturalistic rewards. Future studies should clarify whether incentivisation of SH-related cues instead explains individual differences in SH behaviour and its relation with treatment and prognosis.

据报告，20% 的青少年一生中都有自我伤害（SH）行为，这种行为与负面的健康和功能结果相关。要制定有针对性的早期干预措施，就必须了解其背后的认知机制。奖励加工偏差可能是自残行为的基础，这与自残行为具有 "成瘾 "特征的说法一致。然而，这种偏差的具体性质仍不清楚，尤其是它与经常引发SH的消极情绪（NA）之间的关系。在研究1中，我们比较了患有SH的年轻人（16-25岁）与患有NA但无SH病史的群体以及健康对照组在新颖的激励延迟任务（IDT）中的表现，该任务以SH相关（SH试验）、积极社交（社交试验）或金钱图像（金钱试验）作为刺激。在研究 2 中，不同样本的 SH 和 HC 参与者在通过在线特里尔社交压力测试进行 NA 诱导后，完成了相同的 IDT。在这两项研究中，我们假设在SH试验中，SH组比对照组的反应更快、更正确。与我们的假设相反，在这两项研究中，IDT 在 SH 试验、社交试验和金钱试验中的表现没有明显的组间差异。某些SH特征（积极强化、SH心理想象、冲动）与SH参与者在SH试验中的更好表现有明显的相关性。因此，广泛的SH行为可能并不是由对SH相关线索或自然奖励的动机偏差支撑的。未来的研究应阐明，SH相关线索的激励是否能解释SH行为的个体差异及其与治疗和预后的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Functional connectivity and cerebral cortex activation during the resting state and verbal fluency tasks for patients with mild cognitive impairment, Lewy body dementia, and Alzheimer's disease: A multi-channel fNIRS study 轻度认知障碍、路易体痴呆和阿尔茨海默病患者在静息状态和语言流畅性任务中的功能连接和大脑皮层激活：多通道 fNIRS 研究。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.049

Xi Mei , Ming Liang , Zheng Zhao , Ting Xu , Xiangping Wu , Dongsheng Zhou , Chengying Zheng

Objective

To explore changes in cerebral cortex activation and functional connectivity during resting-state and verbal fluency tasks in patients with different types of dementia.

Methods

We recorded oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (HbO) signals detected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from the prefrontal cortex, partial parietal cortex, and cortex of the temporal lobe in four groups of participants: mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Lewy body dementia (LBD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cognitively normal (CN).

Results

The study recruited 120 older adults with MCI (n = 30), LBD (n = 28), AD (n = 30), or CN (n = 32). The mean functional connectivity of the frontal and temporal lobe in resting state was significantly less in the AD (0.19 ± 0.11) group than in the MCI (0.23 ± 0.11), LBD (0.29 ± 0.12), and CN (0.40 ± 0.11) groups (p < 0.001). Further, the mean HbO concentrations in the brain regions and channels were significantly lower in the AD group than in the LBD and MCI groups (p < 0.001). Cognitive levels correlated significantly with the mean HbO concentrations in the resting state and verbal fluency task conditions.

Conclusion

The fNIRS HbO signals significantly differed in the cerebral cortex regions in participants with different types of dementia. These findings suggest that fNIRS can effectively enhance the differential diagnosis and assessment of dementia.

目的探讨不同类型痴呆症患者在静息状态和言语流畅性任务中大脑皮层激活和功能连接的变化：我们通过功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）记录了轻度认知障碍（MCI）、路易体痴呆（LBD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和认知正常（CN）四组参与者的前额叶皮层、部分顶叶皮层和颞叶皮层的含氧血红蛋白浓度（HbO）信号：研究招募了 120 名患有 MCI（30 人）、路易体痴呆（28 人）、AD（30 人）或 CN（32 人）的老年人。在静息状态下，AD 组（0.19 ± 0.11）额叶和颞叶的平均功能连通性明显低于 MCI 组（0.23 ± 0.11）、LBD 组（0.29 ± 0.12）和 CN 组（0.40 ± 0.11）（P 结论：AD 组的额叶和颞叶功能连通性明显低于 MCI 组（0.23 ± 0.11）、LBD 组（0.29 ± 0.12）和 CN 组（0.40 ± 0.11）：不同类型痴呆症患者大脑皮层区域的 fNIRS HbO 信号存在显著差异。这些研究结果表明，fNIRS 可以有效地提高对痴呆症的鉴别诊断和评估。

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引用次数: 0

Implications of genetic attributions for addiction among addiction professionals 遗传因素对成瘾专业人员的影响。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.050

Matthew S. Lebowitz, Rachel N. Rattenni , Shawn T. Sorge

Given increasing emphasis on understanding the role of genes in the etiology of addictive disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the implications of genetic explanations of addiction for attitudes and beliefs about patients among addiction treatment providers. Participants were recruited from addiction-related professional organizations. The sample included professionals with medical backgrounds (n = 153) and with nonmedical backgrounds (n = 232). They viewed a description of a fictitious patient with either alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder, which was experimentally varied to indicate the presence or absence of a genetic cause. They completed measures of their genetic attributions for the patient's symptoms as well as their attitudes and beliefs about the patient. The presence of a genetic explanation increased genetic attribution ratings but did not significantly affect other measured variables. However, participants' genetic attributions for the patient's symptoms were associated with significantly lower ascriptions of blame to the patient and greater belief in the effectiveness of medication, but also with reduced confidence in the effectiveness of psychotherapy and with pessimism about the patient's prognosis. Geneticized, biomedical conceptualizations of addiction may have implications for treatment providers' attitudes toward patients.

鉴于人们越来越重视了解基因在成瘾性疾病病因学中的作用，本研究旨在调查成瘾的基因解释对成瘾治疗提供者对患者的态度和信念的影响。参与者是从与成瘾相关的专业组织中招募的。样本包括具有医学背景的专业人员（n = 153）和非医学背景的专业人员（n = 232）。他们观看了对患有酒精使用障碍或赌博障碍的虚构病人的描述，该描述通过实验变化来表示遗传原因的存在或不存在。他们完成了对病人症状的遗传归因以及对病人的态度和信念的测量。遗传解释的存在提高了遗传归因的评分，但对其他测量变量没有显著影响。然而，参与者对患者症状的遗传归因与对患者的自责明显降低、对药物治疗效果的信心增强相关，但同时也与对心理治疗效果的信心降低和对患者预后的悲观情绪有关。对成瘾的遗传学和生物医学概念可能会影响治疗提供者对病人的态度。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of pharmacological treatment in OCD comorbid with tic disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis 药物治疗对强迫症合并抽搐症的疗效：系统回顾与荟萃分析。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.048

Isabelle Jalenques , Victoria Asatryan , Urbain Tauveron-Jalenques , Bruno Pereira , Fabien Rondepierre

Up to 30% of subjects with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) also have a lifetime tic disorder. Several meta-analyses of pharmaceutical or psychotherapeutic interventions for the management of OCD have been published, but none specifically on patients with OCD comorbid with tics. The literature regarding pharmacological treatments of patients with this condition is mainly focused on studies of OCD. After a search of the Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO and Science Direct databases, we performed a proportion meta-analysis of the percentage of patients whose condition improved and a paired meta-analysis of the change in the OCD score (Y-BOCS). Twelve case reports were retained for qualitative analysis and 14 articles for meta-analysis. Case reports showed better efficacy of combined antidepressant-antipsychotic treatment for OCD comorbid with tic disorder. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in 29% [18–42] of patients with antidepressants. Although there was no significant difference with placebo add-on, in antidepressant-resistant OCD patients, adding an antipsychotic to the antidepressant regimen led to an increase in the number of patients who improved (67% [45–86] vs 7% [0–35]) and seemed to show a decrease in the Y-BOCS score (−10.06 [-20.38; 0.26] vs (−3.61 [-9.08; 13.85]). Our study provides new evidence on the pharmacological treatment of OCD comorbid with tics. In some patients, the condition is improved by a first-line antidepressant. In case of non-response or insufficient efficacy of antidepressants, add-on treatment with certain antipsychotics can be implemented.

多达 30% 的强迫症（OCD）患者在其一生中都患有抽搐症。关于治疗强迫症的药物或心理治疗干预措施的荟萃分析已发表过几篇，但没有一篇是专门针对合并抽搐的强迫症患者的。有关对此类患者进行药物治疗的文献主要集中在对强迫症的研究中。在对 Cochrane、EMBASE、PubMed、PsychINFO 和 Science Direct 数据库进行检索后，我们对病情得到改善的患者比例进行了荟萃分析，并对强迫症评分（Y-BOCS）的变化进行了配对荟萃分析。定性分析保留了 12 篇病例报告，荟萃分析保留了 14 篇文章。病例报告显示，对合并抽搐症的强迫症患者进行抗抑郁-抗精神病联合治疗有更好的疗效。荟萃分析显示，29%[18-42]的患者在使用抗抑郁药物后病情有所改善。虽然与添加安慰剂相比没有明显差异，但在抗抑郁药耐药的强迫症患者中，在抗抑郁药治疗方案中添加抗精神病药物可使病情改善的患者人数增加（67% [45-86] vs 7% [0-35]），Y-BOCS评分似乎也有所下降（-10.06 [-20.38; 0.26] vs (-3.61 [-9.08; 13.85]）。我们的研究为强迫症合并抽搐的药物治疗提供了新的证据。在一些患者中，一线抗抑郁药物可改善病情。如果对抗抑郁药无反应或疗效不佳，可加用某些抗精神病药进行治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Differential prevalence of psychiatric disorders and mental health characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the Asian American and Pacific Islander adult population 在亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民成年人群中，与终生自杀未遂相关的精神障碍和心理健康特征的患病率存在差异。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.044

Paul Gerardo Yeh , Jack Tsai

Background

Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) adults are an understudied group in terms of their mental health and mental healthcare needs. This has been complicated by the difficulty of recruiting adequate national samples of AAPI adults for research.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze national data to examine the lifetime prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among AAPI adults relative to non-AAPI adults, as well as to identify and compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts among AAPI and non-AAPI adults.

Methods

Cross-sectional data on 36,109 adults, including 1801 AAPI adults, from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), were analyzed with a series of chi-square and logistic regression analyses.

Results

We found a significantly lower lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders in the AAPI versus the non-AAPI population nationally, including 2% of AAPI adults reporting lifetime suicide attempts as compared to about 5% of non-AAPI adults. Female sex and a history of major depressive disorder diagnosis were associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the AAPI and non-AAPI populations. Several unique factors were associated with having a history of suicide attempts in only the AAPI population, including a military service history and a diagnosis of panic disorder.

Discussion

Our analysis demonstrated the significant sectors of the AAPI population that merit research, support, and intervention, including the AAPI veteran population. This study identifies several characteristics among AAPI adults that may make them particularly vulnerable to psychiatric problems and suicide risk, which may inform targeted prevention and efforts to provide culturally competent care to this population.

背景：就心理健康和心理保健需求而言，亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民（AAPI）成年人是一个研究不足的群体。由于很难在全国范围内招募到足够的亚太裔成年人样本进行研究，这使得问题变得更加复杂：本研究旨在分析全国数据，研究亚裔美国人与非亚裔美国人中主要精神障碍的终生患病率，并识别和比较亚裔美国人与非亚裔美国人中与终生自杀未遂相关的社会人口学和临床特征：通过一系列卡方分析和逻辑回归分析，对美国国家酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查-III（NESARC-III）中的 36109 名成人（包括 1801 名亚裔美国人）的横断面数据进行了分析：结果：我们发现，亚裔美国人一生中的心理健康疾病发病率明显低于非亚裔美国人，其中有 2% 的亚裔美国人报告一生中有过自杀企图，而非亚裔美国人的这一比例约为 5%。在亚裔美国人和非亚裔美国人中，女性性别和重度抑郁障碍诊断史与终生企图自杀有关。只有在亚裔美国人群体中，一些独特的因素与自杀未遂史有关，包括服兵役史和恐慌症诊断：我们的分析表明，亚裔美国人中有许多值得研究、支持和干预的重要群体，包括亚裔美国人中的退伍军人群体。这项研究发现了亚太裔成年人的几个特点，这些特点可能使他们特别容易受到精神问题和自杀风险的影响，这可能为有针对性的预防和为这一人群提供符合其文化背景的护理提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

History of tobacco smoking and alcohol use can predict the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in individuals with schizophrenia: A multicenter clinical trial 吸烟史和饮酒史可预测精神分裂症患者接受电休克疗法的效果：一项多中心临床试验。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.045

Hongcheng Xie , Rong Ma , Minglan Yu , Tingting Wang , Jianning Chen , Junfan Liang , Jiajun Ren , Qingyu Tan , Shuangshuang Feng , Ping Wang , Hongli Zhang , Wanhong Peng , Kezhi Liu , Bo Xiang

Background

Current research has found that factors such as gender, age, and family history can predict the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in individuals with schizophrenia. In our clinical practice, we anecdotally observed that tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers with schizophrenia seemed to respond more effectively to ECT than non-smokers and non-drinkers. The current study aimed to examine whether history of tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption serve as indicators for predicting therapeutic efficacy of ECT in individuals with schizophrenia.

Methods

A total of 481 individuals receiving ECT combined with antipsychotic medication (ECT + AP medication) completed a two-week (six sessions of ECT) follow-up; 106 individuals receiving only antipsychotic medication (AP medication) also completed a two-week follow-up. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and AP medication usage was recorded for these individuals. Severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Results

ECT + AP medication: Compared to schizophrenic individuals without a history of smoking (non-smokers), those with a history of smoking (smokers) showed a high decrease in negative symptoms (36.96% vs 24.76%; F = 5.974, p = 0.015). While, compared to individuals without a history of alcohol consumption (non-drinkers), those with a history of alcohol consumption (drinkers) showed a high decrease in positive symptoms (48.90% vs 41.47%; F = 5.074, p = 0.025). AP medication: No differences were found in symptom reduction between smokers and non-smokers or between drinkers and non-drinkers (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Smoking history in schizophrenic individuals independently predicts better improvement in negative symptoms after ECT, while alcohol consumption history independently predicts better improvement in positive symptoms after ECT. This is a clinically significant finding.

背景：目前的研究发现，性别、年龄和家族史等因素可以预测电休克疗法（ECT）对精神分裂症患者的疗效。在临床实践中，我们发现吸烟和饮酒的精神分裂症患者似乎比不吸烟和不饮酒的患者对电休克疗法的反应更有效。本研究旨在探讨吸烟史或饮酒史是否可作为精神分裂症患者电痉挛疗法疗效的预测指标：共有481名接受电痉挛疗法和抗精神病药物治疗（电痉挛疗法+抗精神病药物治疗）的患者完成了为期两周（六次电痉挛疗法）的随访；106名仅接受抗精神病药物治疗（抗精神病药物治疗）的患者也完成了为期两周的随访。对这些患者的吸烟、饮酒和 AP 药物使用情况进行了记录。精神病症状的严重程度使用阳性和阴性综合量表（PANSS）进行评估：电痉挛疗法 + AP 药物治疗：与无吸烟史的精神分裂症患者（非吸烟者）相比，有吸烟史的精神分裂症患者（吸烟者）的阴性症状明显减少（36.96% vs 24.76%; F = 5.974, p = 0.015）。与无饮酒史者（不饮酒者）相比，有饮酒史者（饮酒者）的阳性症状下降幅度较大（48.90% vs 41.47%；F = 5.074，p = 0.025）。AP 药物治疗：吸烟者与非吸烟者、饮酒者与非饮酒者在症状减轻方面没有差异（P > 0.05）：结论：精神分裂症患者的吸烟史可独立预测电痉挛疗法后阴性症状的改善情况，而饮酒史则可独立预测电痉挛疗法后阳性症状的改善情况。这是一项具有临床意义的发现。

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引用次数: 0

Cannabis cue-reactivity in cannabis use disorder: Diverging evidence in two distinct cannabis cultures 大麻使用障碍中的大麻线索反应：两种不同大麻文化中的不同证据。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of psychiatric research

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.030

Emese Kroon , Lauren Kuhns , Janna Cousijn , Francesca Filbey

Background

Cannabis policies and attitudes play a role in the development and presentation of cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear how these factors are related to biomarkers of addiction. The current study examined cross-cultural differences in cannabis attitudes, cannabis cue-reactivity in the brain and its associations with cannabis use measures and cannabis attitudes.

Design

Cross-sectional fMRI study.

Setting

The Netherlands (NL) and Texas (TX), USA.

Participants

104 cannabis users with CUD (44% female; NL-CUD = 54, TX-CUD = 50) and 83 non-using controls (52% female; NL-CON = 50, TX-CON = 33).

Measurements

Self-reported positive (perceived benefits) and negative (perceived harms) cannabis attitudes and tactile cannabis cue-reactivity assessed using a 3T MRI scanner.

Findings

While the CUD group overall was more positive and less negative about cannabis and reported higher craving, the TX-CUD group reported significantly more positive and less negative attitudes and less craving than the NL-CUD group. Cannabis cue-reactivity was observed in the CUD group in clusters including the precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, frontal medial cortex, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. In the TX-CUD group, a positive association was observed between symptom severity and cue-induced craving and cannabis cue-reactivity in precuneus and occipital cortex clusters, while a negative association was observed in the NL-CUD group. In these clusters, individuals with more positive attitudes exhibited a positive association between craving and cue-reactivity and those with less positive attitudes exhibited a negative association. No associations with quantity of use were observed.

Conclusions

Cue-induced craving might be deferentially associated with cannabis cue-reactivity across distinct cannabis use environments.

背景：大麻政策和态度在大麻使用障碍（CUD）的发展和表现中起着一定作用，但这些因素与成瘾生物标志物之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究考察了大麻态度、大脑中大麻线索反应及其与大麻使用措施和大麻态度之间的跨文化差异：设计：横断面 fMRI 研究：环境：荷兰（NL）和美国德克萨斯州（TX）：104 名患有 CUD 的大麻使用者（44% 为女性；NL-CUD = 54 人，TX-CUD = 50 人）和 83 名未使用大麻的对照者（52% 为女性；NL-CON = 50 人，TX-CON = 33 人）：测量：使用 3T 磁共振成像扫描仪评估自我报告的积极（感知到的益处）和消极（感知到的危害）大麻态度以及触觉大麻线索反应：虽然 CUD 组总体上对大麻的态度更积极、更消极，并报告了更高的渴求度，但 TX-CUD 组报告的态度明显更积极、更消极，渴求度也比 NL-CUD 组低。在 CUD 组中，包括楔前叶、枕叶外侧皮层、额叶内侧皮层、伏隔核和丘脑在内的集群中观察到大麻线索反应。在 TX-CUD 组中，观察到症状严重程度与楔前皮层和枕叶皮层群中线索诱发的渴求和大麻线索反应之间存在正相关，而在 NL-CUD 组中则观察到负相关。在这些群组中，态度较积极的人表现出渴求和线索反应之间的正相关，而态度较不积极的人则表现出负相关。没有观察到与使用数量的关联：结论：在不同的大麻使用环境中，线索诱发的渴求可能与大麻线索反应有递减关系。

{"title":"Cannabis cue-reactivity in cannabis use disorder: Diverging evidence in two distinct cannabis cultures","authors":"Emese Kroon , Lauren Kuhns , Janna Cousijn , Francesca Filbey","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cannabis policies and attitudes play a role in the development and presentation of cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear how these factors are related to biomarkers of addiction. The current study examined cross-cultural differences in cannabis attitudes, cannabis cue-reactivity in the brain and its associations with cannabis use measures and cannabis attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional fMRI study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The Netherlands (NL) and Texas (TX), USA.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>104 cannabis users with CUD (44% female; NL-CUD = 54, TX-CUD = 50) and 83 non-using controls (52% female; NL-CON = 50, TX-CON = 33).</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Self-reported positive (perceived benefits) and negative (perceived harms) cannabis attitudes and tactile cannabis cue-reactivity assessed using a 3T MRI scanner.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>While the CUD group overall was more positive and less negative about cannabis and reported higher craving, the TX-CUD group reported significantly more positive and less negative attitudes and less craving than the NL-CUD group. Cannabis cue-reactivity was observed in the CUD group in clusters including the precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, frontal medial cortex, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. In the TX-CUD group, a positive association was observed between symptom severity and cue-induced craving and cannabis cue-reactivity in precuneus and occipital cortex clusters, while a negative association was observed in the NL-CUD group. In these clusters, individuals with more positive attitudes exhibited a positive association between craving and cue-reactivity and those with less positive attitudes exhibited a negative association. No associations with quantity of use were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cue-induced craving might be deferentially associated with cannabis cue-reactivity across distinct cannabis use environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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