Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.044
Xiaoyan Yuan , Mengyun Hu , Lianhui Wei , Duojie Pengmao , Xuekun Zhang , Jie Zhang
Objective
To develop a concise version of the Psychological Strain Scale (PSS-40) by integrating Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT).
Methods
PSS-40 was applied to measure the psychological strain in a total of 10478 college students. The demographic information was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. The analysis of PSS-40 items was conducted using classical measurements including variability, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, Cronbach coefficient, as well as the Samejima graded response model from IRT. IRT parameters include discrimination, difficulty, average information volume, etc.
Results
20 items with the highest comprehensive evaluation of PSS-40 were selected based on methods combined CTT and IRT. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that each item in PSS-20 had a standardized factor loading greater than 0.6, and the cumulative variance explained exceeded 66 %. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit of the model (RMESA = 0.057, RMR = 0.028). PSS-20 exhibited excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.939 and criterion validity of 0.558.
Conclusions
The PSS-20 scale has been validated to have good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to evaluate psychological strain.
{"title":"Using contemporary psychometric methods to construct a concise version of the psychological strain scale","authors":"Xiaoyan Yuan , Mengyun Hu , Lianhui Wei , Duojie Pengmao , Xuekun Zhang , Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a concise version of the Psychological Strain Scale (PSS-40) by integrating Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PSS-40 was applied to measure the psychological strain in a total of 10478 college students. The demographic information was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. The analysis of PSS-40 items was conducted using classical measurements including variability, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, Cronbach coefficient, as well as the Samejima graded response model from IRT. IRT parameters include discrimination, difficulty, average information volume, etc.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>20 items with the highest comprehensive evaluation of PSS-40 were selected based on methods combined CTT and IRT. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that each item in PSS-20 had a standardized factor loading greater than 0.6, and the cumulative variance explained exceeded 66 %. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit of the model (RMESA = 0.057, RMR = 0.028). PSS-20 exhibited excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.939 and criterion validity of 0.558.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The PSS-20 scale has been validated to have good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to evaluate psychological strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.037
Katarzyna Jowik-Krzemińska , Agnieszka Słopień , Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
Context
Anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescents is a severe disorder with complex aetiology. The role of childhood maltreatment (CM) in the development and course of AN remains unclear. The study aimed to analyse the co-occurrence of CM with the severity of psychopathology in patients with AN and to assess their relationship with the dynamics of clinical improvement.
Methods
The study included only girls under 18 years of age: 39 patients hospitalised for the first time with a diagnosis of AN and 43 healthy participants from the control group (CG). Questionnaires were used to assess trauma (CTQ), symptoms of depression (BDI), anxiety (STAI), eating disorders (EAT), impulsivity (BIS), self-harm (NSSI), and suicidal behaviour (SB).
Results
The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the AN and control groups in overall frequency or specific CM subtypes. Despite no differences in trauma exposure, the clinical group showed a significant co-occurrence of emotional abuse with higher levels of self-destructive behaviour and anxiety as a trait, while emotional neglect correlated with anxiety as a state. Notably, the presence of reported trauma did not differentiate patients in terms of response to hospital treatment or rate of symptom reduction.
Conclusions
In the sample of adolescent girls studied, the mere occurrence of reported trauma was not a factor differentiating patients with AN from healthy peers, nor was it a negative predictor of early hospital treatment outcomes. These results suggest that although specific forms of emotional abuse may co-occur with a more severe psychopathological picture (anxiety, self-destruction), childhood maltreatment does not necessarily constitute a direct obstacle to symptomatic improvement during the first hospitalisation.
{"title":"Is it time for a paradigm shift? Trauma in the development of anorexia nervosa in adolescents","authors":"Katarzyna Jowik-Krzemińska , Agnieszka Słopień , Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescents is a severe disorder with complex aetiology. The role of childhood maltreatment (CM) in the development and course of AN remains unclear. The study aimed to analyse the co-occurrence of CM with the severity of psychopathology in patients with AN and to assess their relationship with the dynamics of clinical improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included only girls under 18 years of age: 39 patients hospitalised for the first time with a diagnosis of AN and 43 healthy participants from the control group (CG). Questionnaires were used to assess trauma (CTQ), symptoms of depression (BDI), anxiety (STAI), eating disorders (EAT), impulsivity (BIS), self-harm (NSSI), and suicidal behaviour (SB).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the AN and control groups in overall frequency or specific CM subtypes. Despite no differences in trauma exposure, the clinical group showed a significant co-occurrence of emotional abuse with higher levels of self-destructive behaviour and anxiety as a trait, while emotional neglect correlated with anxiety as a state. Notably, the presence of reported trauma did not differentiate patients in terms of response to hospital treatment or rate of symptom reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the sample of adolescent girls studied, the mere occurrence of reported trauma was not a factor differentiating patients with AN from healthy peers, nor was it a negative predictor of early hospital treatment outcomes. These results suggest that although specific forms of emotional abuse may co-occur with a more severe psychopathological picture (anxiety, self-destruction), childhood maltreatment does not necessarily constitute a direct obstacle to symptomatic improvement during the first hospitalisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.042
Brianna Sa , Anthony Maristany , Ashwin Subramaniam , Nayha Kumbkarni , Rachel Lange , Sean Oldak , Adela-Georgiana Buciuc , Vanessa Padilla
Background
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Beyond metabolic effects, GLP-1 signaling influences central pathways involved in mood, reward, and stress regulation, raising interest in possible psychiatric implications.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of adults (≥18 years) prescribed GLP-1 RAs at a private university hospital between January 2021 and April 2024. Demographic, medication, and psychiatric data were extracted from electronic health records. Primary outcomes included stability, improvement, worsening, or new onset of psychiatric disorders during treatment.
Results
Among 226 patients (mean age 53.5 years; 66.8 % female; mean BMI 33.6 kg/m2), semaglutide was most frequently prescribed (73 %). The mean treatment duration was 20.2 months, with an average 6.7 % weight loss. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were most prevalent (68.6 % and 65.9 % of patients, respectively). Most remained stable (MDD: 73.6 %; GAD: 78.5 %). New-onset MDD occurred in 9.0 % and GAD in 8.7 % of affected patients, with mean latencies of 15.8 and 16.8 months, respectively. Adjustment disorder, ADHD, and insomnia also emerged in a subset, with ADHD showing the shortest latency to onset (7.8 months). Rare new-onset alcohol use disorder, trichotillomania, and opioid use disorder were observed.
Conclusions
GLP-1 RAs appear psychiatrically well-tolerated for most patients, though new-onset or worsening symptoms occur in a minority, underscoring the need for monitoring, particularly in high-risk populations. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify causality, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic roles in psychiatric care.
{"title":"Retrospective chart review on psychiatric manifestations of GLP-1 agonist usage","authors":"Brianna Sa , Anthony Maristany , Ashwin Subramaniam , Nayha Kumbkarni , Rachel Lange , Sean Oldak , Adela-Georgiana Buciuc , Vanessa Padilla","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Beyond metabolic effects, GLP-1 signaling influences central pathways involved in mood, reward, and stress regulation, raising interest in possible psychiatric implications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective chart review of adults (≥18 years) prescribed GLP-1 RAs at a private university hospital between January 2021 and April 2024. Demographic, medication, and psychiatric data were extracted from electronic health records. Primary outcomes included stability, improvement, worsening, or new onset of psychiatric disorders during treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 226 patients (mean age 53.5 years; 66.8 % female; mean BMI 33.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), semaglutide was most frequently prescribed (73 %). The mean treatment duration was 20.2 months, with an average 6.7 % weight loss. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were most prevalent (68.6 % and 65.9 % of patients, respectively). Most remained stable (MDD: 73.6 %; GAD: 78.5 %). New-onset MDD occurred in 9.0 % and GAD in 8.7 % of affected patients, with mean latencies of 15.8 and 16.8 months, respectively. Adjustment disorder, ADHD, and insomnia also emerged in a subset, with ADHD showing the shortest latency to onset (7.8 months). Rare new-onset alcohol use disorder, trichotillomania, and opioid use disorder were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GLP-1 RAs appear psychiatrically well-tolerated for most patients, though new-onset or worsening symptoms occur in a minority, underscoring the need for monitoring, particularly in high-risk populations. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify causality, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic roles in psychiatric care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to compare of the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and computer-based cognitive stimulation (CS) in terms of cognition, clinical symptoms, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
A total of 58 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia completed to the study (aerobic exercise group (AEG): n = 18, cognitive stimulation group (CSG): n = 20, control group (CG): n = 20). The AEG participated in a 12-week AE program, whereas the CSG engaged in computer-based CS over the same period. Also, the CG did not receive any intervention. Cognition with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale and Frontal Assessment Battery, clinical symptoms with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, depression with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, and QOL with Quality of Life Scale for Schizophrenia Patients scale were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.
Results
Within-group improvements were observed in general cognitive function, clinical symptoms, and selected QOL domains in the AEG, whereas the CSG showed significant improvements across cognitive functions, clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and multiple QOL domains. In contrast, the CG exhibited significant deterioration in cognitive functions, selected clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and certain QOL domains over the 12-week period. Between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in general cognitive function, executive function, and depression at week 12. However, significant differences were observed in specific PANSS and QOL subscales.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that computer-based CS and AE may offer domain-specific and complementary effects in cognitive and clinical domains in PwS.
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of aerobic exercise and computer-based cognitive stimulation in patients with schizophrenia - A randomized controlled trial","authors":"İsmail Koç , Ebru Akbuğa Koç , Nilgün Çınar , Türker Şahiner","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare of the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and computer-based cognitive stimulation (CS) in terms of cognition, clinical symptoms, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 58 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia completed to the study (aerobic exercise group (AEG): n = 18, cognitive stimulation group (CSG): n = 20, control group (CG): n = 20). The AEG participated in a 12-week AE program, whereas the CSG engaged in computer-based CS over the same period. Also, the CG did not receive any intervention. Cognition with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale and Frontal Assessment Battery, clinical symptoms with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, depression with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, and QOL with Quality of Life Scale for Schizophrenia Patients scale were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within-group improvements were observed in general cognitive function, clinical symptoms, and selected QOL domains in the AEG, whereas the CSG showed significant improvements across cognitive functions, clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and multiple QOL domains. In contrast, the CG exhibited significant deterioration in cognitive functions, selected clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and certain QOL domains over the 12-week period. Between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in general cognitive function, executive function, and depression at week 12. However, significant differences were observed in specific PANSS and QOL subscales.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggested that computer-based CS and AE may offer domain-specific and complementary effects in cognitive and clinical domains in PwS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.043
Tony R. Montgomery Jr., DeMond M. Grant
Exercise is a potent modulator of mental health, with accumulating evidence highlighting its ability to produce structural and functional changes in the brain. This review synthesizes findings across neurobiological, molecular, and systemic domains to explain how exercise improves outcomes in mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. We examine how exercise stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), regulates monoaminergic systems (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), modulates inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, and promotes neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The review also explores systemic mechanisms including the gut–brain axis, myokine signaling (e.g., irisin, cathepsin B), and the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, we discuss how exercise influences key psychological mechanisms, including emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and cognitive reappraisal, offering a translational bridge between physiology and psychotherapy. Understanding these overlapping mechanisms can guide clinicians in prescribing exercise as an evidence-based adjunct or standalone therapy for mental health disorders. This model of exercise as medicine has the potential to enhance both accessibility and efficacy of mental health care. Implications for clinical integration, mechanistic research, and policy development are discussed.
{"title":"Neurobiological, molecular, and systemic mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of mental health disorders","authors":"Tony R. Montgomery Jr., DeMond M. Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exercise is a potent modulator of mental health, with accumulating evidence highlighting its ability to produce structural and functional changes in the brain. This review synthesizes findings across neurobiological, molecular, and systemic domains to explain how exercise improves outcomes in mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. We examine how exercise stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), regulates monoaminergic systems (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), modulates inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, and promotes neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The review also explores systemic mechanisms including the gut–brain axis, myokine signaling (e.g., irisin, cathepsin B), and the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, we discuss how exercise influences key psychological mechanisms, including emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and cognitive reappraisal, offering a translational bridge between physiology and psychotherapy. Understanding these overlapping mechanisms can guide clinicians in prescribing exercise as an evidence-based adjunct or standalone therapy for mental health disorders. This model of exercise as medicine has the potential to enhance both accessibility and efficacy of mental health care. Implications for clinical integration, mechanistic research, and policy development are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 113-122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.048
Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe , Jan Radford , Mohammed S. Salahudeen , Ivan Bindoff , Tristan Ling , Peter Gee , Gregory M. Peterson
Background
Awareness of anticholinergic drug exposure and its harm in people with dementia has been increasing. We investigated whether this had transpired into reduced use and determined factors associated with high anticholinergic burdens.
Methods
We used the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale to measure the mean daily ACB score from 135 medicines in patients with dementia using data from 400 general practices across Australia from 2013 to 2020. We determined factors associated with exposure to high anticholinergic burden.
Results
Included patients with dementia (1:1 matched controls) ranged from 3989 in 2013 to 6278 in 2020. The proportion of patients with a mean total daily ACB score ≥3 declined from 26.1% (95% CI 24.7–27.5%) in 2013 to 19.2% (95% CI 18.3–20.2%) in 2020 in the dementia groups (p <0.001). Schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.51; 95% CI, 2.62–4.78), depression (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.11–2.54) and anxiety (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26–1.57) were associated with a high daily mean ACB score in patients with dementia. Living in outer regional, remote and very remote areas (compared with major cities) (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22–1.68) and living in disadvantaged areas, compared with most advantaged areas (aOR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07–1.46), were also associated with a higher ACB score.
Conclusions
While the use of anticholinergic medicines had significantly reduced, nearly one-fifth of the patients with dementia had high anticholinergic exposure at the end of the study period. The findings support the rationale for efforts to deprescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, and opioids, especially in relatively disadvantaged areas.
{"title":"Trends in anticholinergic drug exposure and associated risk factors in older Australian patients with dementia","authors":"Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe , Jan Radford , Mohammed S. Salahudeen , Ivan Bindoff , Tristan Ling , Peter Gee , Gregory M. Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Awareness of anticholinergic drug exposure and its harm in people with dementia has been increasing. We investigated whether this had transpired into reduced use and determined factors associated with high anticholinergic burdens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale to measure the mean daily ACB score from 135 medicines in patients with dementia using data from 400 general practices across Australia from 2013 to 2020. We determined factors associated with exposure to high anticholinergic burden.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included patients with dementia (1:1 matched controls) ranged from 3989 in 2013 to 6278 in 2020. The proportion of patients with a mean total daily ACB score ≥3 declined from 26.1% (95% CI 24.7–27.5%) in 2013 to 19.2% (95% CI 18.3–20.2%) in 2020 in the dementia groups (p <0.001). Schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.51; 95% CI, 2.62–4.78), depression (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.11–2.54) and anxiety (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26–1.57) were associated with a high daily mean ACB score in patients with dementia. Living in outer regional, remote and very remote areas (compared with major cities) (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22–1.68) and living in disadvantaged areas, compared with most advantaged areas (aOR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07–1.46), were also associated with a higher ACB score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the use of anticholinergic medicines had significantly reduced, nearly one-fifth of the patients with dementia had high anticholinergic exposure at the end of the study period. The findings support the rationale for efforts to deprescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, and opioids, especially in relatively disadvantaged areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.034
Corine Driessens , Kim Markham-Jones , Nicole Davenport , Mahdi Hassan , Shahrbano Iqbal , Friday Skelton , Fiona Lacey , Peter WF. Smith
Mental health challenges among young people are a significant concern in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 16 % of young people experiencing common mental health problems like anxiety and/or depression on any given day, yet only one in four of these are able to access mental health services. This study seeks to identify the key determinants influencing young people's mental health care utilization and to examine the experiences faced by those who do not engage with mental health services, using a co-produced adaptation of Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization to analyze linked health care data from the NEXT STEPS cohort. Imputation addressed missing data, while logistic regression assessed need, enablers, and predispositions influencing care use. Key findings indicate that young people's mental health care utilization is primarily driven by clinically assessed need, while factors such as female gender, presence of psychiatric-level symptoms, limited social support, external locus of control, parental unemployment emerged as weaker predictors of service engagement. Young people with common mental health problems who had not accessed mental health services were less likely than service users to be female, live in single-parent households, have caring responsibilities, or report bullying, but were more likely to report positive parental relationships. Adults who had accessed mental health services as a young person experienced less favourable adult outcomes and quality of life relative to non-users. These findings highlight the need to reform youth mental health care models towards more inclusive, preventative, and holistic approaches.
{"title":"Use or no use? Young People's engagement with mental health services","authors":"Corine Driessens , Kim Markham-Jones , Nicole Davenport , Mahdi Hassan , Shahrbano Iqbal , Friday Skelton , Fiona Lacey , Peter WF. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health challenges among young people are a significant concern in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 16 % of young people experiencing common mental health problems like anxiety and/or depression on any given day, yet only one in four of these are able to access mental health services. This study seeks to identify the key determinants influencing young people's mental health care utilization and to examine the experiences faced by those who do not engage with mental health services, using a co-produced adaptation of Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization to analyze linked health care data from the NEXT STEPS cohort. Imputation addressed missing data, while logistic regression assessed need, enablers, and predispositions influencing care use. Key findings indicate that young people's mental health care utilization is primarily driven by clinically assessed need, while factors such as female gender, presence of psychiatric-level symptoms, limited social support, external locus of control, parental unemployment emerged as weaker predictors of service engagement. Young people with common mental health problems who had not accessed mental health services were less likely than service users to be female, live in single-parent households, have caring responsibilities, or report bullying, but were more likely to report positive parental relationships. Adults who had accessed mental health services as a young person experienced less favourable adult outcomes and quality of life relative to non-users. These findings highlight the need to reform youth mental health care models towards more inclusive, preventative, and holistic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.045
Alysha A. Sultan , Chon Hei Wong , Benjamin I. Goldstein
Background
Despite increased prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in youth with bipolar disorder (BD), little is known about the clinical correlates of this comorbidity.
Methods
Participants included 250 youth aged 13–20 years with BD (n = 135 with no alcohol use; n = 76 with alcohol use; and n = 39 with lifetime AUD). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and alcohol use group (reference: no alcohol use), adjusting for age and sex. Binary logistic regression compared the alcohol use and AUD groups.
Results
Relative to youth with no alcohol use, those with alcohol use or AUD had higher rates of drug use disorder, smoking and impulsivity; these were also higher in youth with AUD versus alcohol use. Compared to no alcohol use, youth with alcohol use had higher current mania, whereas youth with AUD were older and had higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), eating disorder, current and lifetime depression, emotional dysregulation and interpersonal problems. Compared to alcohol use, youth with AUD had higher rates of ODD and CD.
Conclusion
In addition to the expected association of alcohol use and AUD with use of other substances, youth with BD and alcohol use or AUD had greater impulsivity. Furthermore, AUD was associated with increased rates of multiple internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. Adverse clinical correlates were significantly more common among youth with AUD vs. alcohol use. Pending findings from longitudinal research, these correlates provide potential prevention and treatment targets to mitigate adverse effects of alcohol.
{"title":"Correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among youth with bipolar disorder","authors":"Alysha A. Sultan , Chon Hei Wong , Benjamin I. Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite increased prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in youth with bipolar disorder (BD), little is known about the clinical correlates of this comorbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included 250 youth aged 13–20 years with BD (n = 135 with no alcohol use; n = 76 with alcohol use; and n = 39 with lifetime AUD). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and alcohol use group (reference: no alcohol use), adjusting for age and sex. Binary logistic regression compared the alcohol use and AUD groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative to youth with no alcohol use, those with alcohol use or AUD had higher rates of drug use disorder, smoking and impulsivity; these were also higher in youth with AUD versus alcohol use. Compared to no alcohol use, youth with alcohol use had higher current mania, whereas youth with AUD were older and had higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), eating disorder, current and lifetime depression, emotional dysregulation and interpersonal problems. Compared to alcohol use, youth with AUD had higher rates of ODD and CD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In addition to the expected association of alcohol use and AUD with use of other substances, youth with BD and alcohol use or AUD had greater impulsivity. Furthermore, AUD was associated with increased rates of multiple internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. Adverse clinical correlates were significantly more common among youth with AUD vs. alcohol use. Pending findings from longitudinal research, these correlates provide potential prevention and treatment targets to mitigate adverse effects of alcohol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, is a first-line treatment for prolactinoma. However, de novo impulse control disorders (ICDs) are an increasingly recognized side effect, with reported prevalence up to 59.8 %. This study evaluated risk factors for ICD development and assessed the effectiveness of current screening practices.
Methods
Electronic medical records were reviewed for patients seen by endocrinology with a diagnosis of “Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland (D35.2∗)” who had been prescribed cabergoline. Records were examined for ICD risk factors, clinical evidence of ICDs, and documented screening. A subgroup analysis was perfomed among the patients that had been screened.
Results
Among 282 patients on cabergoline, 14 (5 %) developed clinically significant ICDs. ICD development was significantly more common in males (86 % of ICD cases vs. 41 % of non-ICD cases, p = 0.001). No significant associations were observed with race (p = 0.17), ethnicity (p = 1.00), smoking status (p = 0.77), testosterone therapy in males (p = 0.80), psychiatric diagnoses (p = 0.37), or psychotropic medication use (p = 0.48). Patients with ICDs had a higher mean maximum weekly cabergoline dose (2.2 mg vs. 1.3 mg, p = 0.01). Only 26.6 % of patients were screened or informed of ICD risk at the initial visit. Screening was associated with ICD identification: 93 % of ICD patients were screened compared with 17 % of non-ICD patients (p < 0.0001). In the screened cohort, no significant associations with sex or cabergoline dose were observed.
Conclusion
Male sex and higher cabergoline doses were associated with ICD development in the overall population but not in the subgrop of patients that had a documented screening. Other suspected risk factors, including psychiatric comorbidity and testosterone therapy, were not associated with development of ICD—adding nuance to prior findings. Screening was infrequent and disproportionately associated with ICD detection, suggesting underdiagnosis due to lack of proactive assessment. These results highlight the need for universal, standardized ICD screening in prolactinoma patients prior to and during cabergoline treatment.
{"title":"Cabergoline and impulse control disorders: Screening patients with pituitary adenomas in an endocrinology clinic","authors":"Max Lydiatt , Bryndis Grissom , Jake Givens , Mukanya Tchombela , Andjela Drincic","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, is a first-line treatment for prolactinoma. However, de novo impulse control disorders (ICDs) are an increasingly recognized side effect, with reported prevalence up to 59.8 %. This study evaluated risk factors for ICD development and assessed the effectiveness of current screening practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Electronic medical records were reviewed for patients seen by endocrinology with a diagnosis of “Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland (D35.2∗)” who had been prescribed cabergoline. Records were examined for ICD risk factors, clinical evidence of ICDs, and documented screening. A subgroup analysis was perfomed among the patients that had been screened.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 282 patients on cabergoline, 14 (5 %) developed clinically significant ICDs. ICD development was significantly more common in males (86 % of ICD cases vs. 41 % of non-ICD cases, <em>p</em> = 0.001). No significant associations were observed with race (<em>p</em> = 0.17), ethnicity (<em>p</em> = 1.00), smoking status (<em>p</em> = 0.77), testosterone therapy in males (<em>p</em> = 0.80), psychiatric diagnoses (<em>p</em> = 0.37), or psychotropic medication use (<em>p</em> = 0.48). Patients with ICDs had a higher mean maximum weekly cabergoline dose (2.2 mg vs. 1.3 mg, <em>p</em> = 0.01). Only 26.6 % of patients were screened or informed of ICD risk at the initial visit. Screening was associated with ICD identification: 93 % of ICD patients were screened compared with 17 % of non-ICD patients (p < 0.0001). In the screened cohort, no significant associations with sex or cabergoline dose were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Male sex and higher cabergoline doses were associated with ICD development in the overall population but not in the subgrop of patients that had a documented screening. Other suspected risk factors, including psychiatric comorbidity and testosterone therapy, were not associated with development of ICD—adding nuance to prior findings. Screening was infrequent and disproportionately associated with ICD detection, suggesting underdiagnosis due to lack of proactive assessment. These results highlight the need for universal, standardized ICD screening in prolactinoma patients prior to and during cabergoline treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.038
Barbara Luyens , Francisco Felgueroso-Bueno , Amandine Everard , Isabelle Massat
Characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, posing a significant public health concern. Its etiopathogenesis is considered multifactorial with complex determinism but remains unclear. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis as promising avenues for understanding and potentially treating ADHD, with a growing number of studies exploring alterations in gut microbiota composition among affected individuals. This narrative review examines the current literature on the role of the gut microbiota in ADHD and focuses on key findings about bacterial composition, how it may be linked to ADHD symptomatology, and the possible mechanisms involved.
While studies consistently report changes in microbial composition and diversity in individuals with ADHD, results remain heterogeneous across taxonomic levels. Some compelling evidence also suggests a link between gut microbial profiles and ADHD symptom severity. The involvement of microbiota in influencing neurodevelopment is proposed to be mediated through mechanisms related to SCFA production, immune modulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. These findings pave the way for microbiota-targeted interventions as adjunct therapies for ADHD.
This review evaluates areas of consensus and discrepancies between studies, while addressing the methodological limitations present in this field of research. Although the gut microbiota appears to play a meaningful role in the complex and multifactorial origins of ADHD, more rigorous and comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into effective clinical applications. This could ultimately improve both our understanding and treatment of this heterogeneous disorder.
{"title":"Gut-brain axis in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A narrative review of the links between gut microbiota and ADHD pathophysiology","authors":"Barbara Luyens , Francisco Felgueroso-Bueno , Amandine Everard , Isabelle Massat","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, posing a significant public health concern. Its etiopathogenesis is considered multifactorial with complex determinism but remains unclear. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis as promising avenues for understanding and potentially treating ADHD, with a growing number of studies exploring alterations in gut microbiota composition among affected individuals. This narrative review examines the current literature on the role of the gut microbiota in ADHD and focuses on key findings about bacterial composition, how it may be linked to ADHD symptomatology, and the possible mechanisms involved.</div><div>While studies consistently report changes in microbial composition and diversity in individuals with ADHD, results remain heterogeneous across taxonomic levels. Some compelling evidence also suggests a link between gut microbial profiles and ADHD symptom severity. The involvement of microbiota in influencing neurodevelopment is proposed to be mediated through mechanisms related to SCFA production, immune modulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. These findings pave the way for microbiota-targeted interventions as adjunct therapies for ADHD.</div><div>This review evaluates areas of consensus and discrepancies between studies, while addressing the methodological limitations present in this field of research. Although the gut microbiota appears to play a meaningful role in the complex and multifactorial origins of ADHD, more rigorous and comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into effective clinical applications. This could ultimately improve both our understanding and treatment of this heterogeneous disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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