Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.029
Ciqing Bao , Qiaoyang Zhang , Chen He , Haowen Zou , Yi Xia , Rui Yan , Lingling Hua , Zhijian Yao , Qing Lu
Objective
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasingly concerning issue that is linked to a range of mental health problems. However, little is known about the potential neurophysiological mechanisms underlying risk decision-making in Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with NSSI—the present study aimed to fill this important literature gap.
Methods
A total of 81 MDD patients (with NSSI: n = 40, without NSSI: n = 41) and 44 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) while an electroencephalogram was recorded. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 were examined during the feedback stage of the risky decision-making process.
Results
Behavioural findings revealed that individuals diagnosed with MDD displayed a greater tendency to make risky decisions compared to the control group. Furthermore, MDD patients with NSSI demonstrated a significantly more negative ΔFN (i.e., the difference in neural response to losses compared to gains) than those without NSSI. Further, NSSI patients showed a larger difference ΔFN (loss minus gain), which was associated with enhanced impulsivity.
Conclusions
Collectively, the findings suggest that there is an altered processing of risky decision-making in the electrophysiology of patients with MDD who engage in NSSI. The ΔFN may serve as a psychophysiological marker indicating risk for NSSI.
{"title":"Neurophysiological activity following gains and losses among young adults with non-suicidal self-injury: An ERP study","authors":"Ciqing Bao , Qiaoyang Zhang , Chen He , Haowen Zou , Yi Xia , Rui Yan , Lingling Hua , Zhijian Yao , Qing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasingly concerning issue that is linked to a range of mental health problems. However, little is known about the potential neurophysiological mechanisms underlying risk decision-making in Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with NSSI—the present study aimed to fill this important literature gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 81 MDD patients (with NSSI: n = 40, without NSSI: n = 41) and 44 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) while an electroencephalogram was recorded. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 were examined during the feedback stage of the risky decision-making process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioural findings revealed that individuals diagnosed with MDD displayed a greater tendency to make risky decisions compared to the control group. Furthermore, MDD patients with NSSI demonstrated a significantly more negative ΔFN (i.e., the difference in neural response to losses compared to gains) than those without NSSI. Further, NSSI patients showed a larger difference ΔFN (loss minus gain), which was associated with enhanced impulsivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collectively, the findings suggest that there is an altered processing of risky decision-making in the electrophysiology of patients with MDD who engage in NSSI. The ΔFN may serve as a psychophysiological marker indicating risk for NSSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032
Lara Rösler , Erik-Jan van Kesteren , Jeanne Leerssen , Glenn van der Lande , Oti Lakbila-Kamal , Jessica C. Foster-Dingley , Anne Albers , Eus JW. van Someren
Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia.
Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality.
These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality.
{"title":"Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia","authors":"Lara Rösler , Erik-Jan van Kesteren , Jeanne Leerssen , Glenn van der Lande , Oti Lakbila-Kamal , Jessica C. Foster-Dingley , Anne Albers , Eus JW. van Someren","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia.</div><div>Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality.</div><div>These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.034
Thaís da Silva Sabião , Ana Valer-Martínez , Carmen Sayon-Orea , Almudena Sanchez-Villegas , Juan José Pons , Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro , Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalez , Maira Bes-Rastrollo
The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.
本研究旨在调查西班牙大学毕业生前瞻性队列中预测的维生素 D 状态与抑郁症之间的关系。SUN 项目是一项动态队列研究，旨在调查健康和生活方式的多个方面。研究人员要求参与者填写一份包含 556 个项目的综合问卷，其中包括一份经过验证的食物频率问卷。最初没有抑郁症的参与者如果在随访期间报告了抑郁症的医学诊断，则被归类为偶发病例。血清中的维生素 D 水平是通过之前验证过的公式预测的。维生素D缺乏症的定义是维生素D水平低于20纳克/毫升。Cox模型用于估算调整后的危险比（HR）和95%置信区间（95% CI）。我们对 15,175 名西班牙大学毕业生（平均（标清）年龄：36.9 岁（11.5））进行了中位数为 12.7 年的随访。在 192,976 人年的随访中，我们发现了 753 例抑郁症病例。在对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后，维生素 D 缺乏者患抑郁症的风险比维生素 D 充足者高 27%（HR：1.27，95% CI：1.09-1.48；P = 0.002）。此外，还观察到女性性别对抑郁症风险的明显影响，女性缺乏维生素 D 的抑郁症风险高于男性（交互作用 p = 0.034）。在受过教育的西班牙中年人中，我们观察到维生素 D 缺乏与抑郁风险之间存在直接联系，而这在女性中更为明显。
{"title":"Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Thaís da Silva Sabião , Ana Valer-Martínez , Carmen Sayon-Orea , Almudena Sanchez-Villegas , Juan José Pons , Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro , Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalez , Maira Bes-Rastrollo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.033
Elizabeth T. Kneeland, Chéla Cunningham, Isabella Lattuada, Maya Cwalina, Mabel Shanahan
One transdiagnostic process that may be critical to depression and suicidal ideation is beliefs about the nature of one's own emotions, both concurrently and longitudinally. In a sample of community adults (n = 143), we assessed personal emotion beliefs about the degree to which one's own emotions are malleable, unique, and last a long time. There were significant associations between stronger views that one's own emotions were fixed, unique to you, and had a longer duration and higher clinical symptom severity, including higher levels of current suicidal ideation, and less adaptive emotion regulation. Mediation analyses using longitudinal data clarified that the differential engagement in emotion regulation, specifically rumination, represented the link tying specific personal emotion beliefs to clinical symptoms and that, in certain cases, the opposite pathway is also significant – differences in clinical symptoms mediated the relationship between specific personal emotion beliefs and emotion regulation (rumination) longitudinally. Additionally, personal emotion beliefs varied based on depression status, as determined using a semi-structured clinical interview. For example, individuals meeting current criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) held stronger views that their emotions were unique to them compared to individuals with remitted MDD or no history of MDD. The current study's findings highlight the important role of specific personal emotion beliefs in clinical symptoms concurrently and longitudinally and mechanisms in these relationships. These results could guide future research on interventions to promote more adaptive beliefs about emotion to improve clinical outcomes.
{"title":"How I think about how I feel: Personal beliefs about emotion prospectively predict suicide-related outcomes and depression symptoms","authors":"Elizabeth T. Kneeland, Chéla Cunningham, Isabella Lattuada, Maya Cwalina, Mabel Shanahan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One transdiagnostic process that may be critical to depression and suicidal ideation is beliefs about the nature of <em>one's own</em> emotions, both concurrently and longitudinally. In a sample of community adults (<em>n</em> = 143), we assessed personal emotion beliefs about the degree to which one's own emotions are malleable, unique, and last a long time. There were significant associations between stronger views that one's own emotions were fixed, unique to you, and had a longer duration and higher clinical symptom severity, including higher levels of current suicidal ideation, and less adaptive emotion regulation. Mediation analyses using longitudinal data clarified that the differential engagement in emotion regulation, specifically rumination, represented the link tying specific personal emotion beliefs to clinical symptoms and that, in certain cases, the opposite pathway is also significant – differences in clinical symptoms mediated the relationship between specific personal emotion beliefs and emotion regulation (rumination) longitudinally. Additionally, personal emotion beliefs varied based on depression status, as determined using a semi-structured clinical interview. For example, individuals meeting current criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) held stronger views that their emotions were unique to them compared to individuals with remitted MDD or no history of MDD. The current study's findings highlight the important role of specific personal emotion beliefs in clinical symptoms concurrently and longitudinally and mechanisms in these relationships. These results could guide future research on interventions to promote more adaptive beliefs about emotion to improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 330-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.036
Jing Yang , Ping Tong , Li-Ping Dong, Yuan-Hong Shi
Background
Major depression disorder (MDD) exhibits a high global incidence; however, its pathogenesis remains elusive. In this prospective study, we employed diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to investigate changes in brain function among patients with MDD both pre- and post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Methods
We divided a sample of 22 MDD patients into ECT group, which received six treatments over a span of two weeks, and control group (n = 12). DKI scanning was performed before and after treatment. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Life Satisfaction Rating Scale (LSRS) were administered to assess depressive symptoms at baseline, on the 14th day, and at month three.
Results
Significant differences were found between group, time and time × group in terms of HAMD score and LSRS score. In the ECT group compared to pre- ECT measurement, changes in mean diffusivity (MD), fractional Anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), FA of kurtosis (KA), and anxia kurtosis (AK) value were detected in specific regions such as the frontal, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. In the control group only MD and RK value increased in a limited number of area.
Conclusions
ECT holds the potential to elicit neuroplasticity in the brain, facilitating rapid structural modifications and amelioration of depressive symptoms in patients with MDD.
{"title":"A novel approach to investigate the mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of major depression disorder: Diffusion kurtosis imaging","authors":"Jing Yang , Ping Tong , Li-Ping Dong, Yuan-Hong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depression disorder (MDD) exhibits a high global incidence; however, its pathogenesis remains elusive. In this prospective study, we employed diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to investigate changes in brain function among patients with MDD both pre- and post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We divided a sample of 22 MDD patients into ECT group, which received six treatments over a span of two weeks, and control group (<em>n</em> = 12). DKI scanning was performed before and after treatment. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Life Satisfaction Rating Scale (LSRS) were administered to assess depressive symptoms at baseline, on the 14th day, and at month three.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were found between group, time and time × group in terms of HAMD score and LSRS score. In the ECT group compared to pre- ECT measurement, changes in mean diffusivity (MD), fractional Anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), FA of kurtosis (KA), and anxia kurtosis (AK) value were detected in specific regions such as the frontal, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. In the control group only MD and RK value increased in a limited number of area.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ECT holds the potential to elicit neuroplasticity in the brain, facilitating rapid structural modifications and amelioration of depressive symptoms in patients with MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.031
Maxwell Levis , Monica Dimambro , Joshua Levy , Brian Shiner
Suicide is a leading cause of death. Suicide rates are particularly elevated among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. While VA has made impactful suicide prevention advances, efforts primarily target high-risk patients with documented suicide risk. This high-risk population accounts for less than 10% of VA patient suicide deaths. We previously evaluated epidemiological patterns among VA patients that had lower classified suicide risk and derived moderate- and low-risk groupings. Expanding upon VA's leading suicide prediction model, this study uses national VA data to refine high-, moderate-, and low-risk specific suicide prediction methods. We selected all VA patients who died by suicide in 2017 or 2018 (n = 4584), matching each case with five controls who remained alive during treatment year and shared suicide risk percentiles. We extracted all sample unstructured electronic health record notes, analyzed them using natural language processing, and applied machine-learning classification algorithms to develop risk-tier-specific predictive models. We calculated area under the curve (AUC) and suicide risk concentration to evaluate predictive accuracy and analyzed derived words.
Results
Our high-risk model (AUC = 0.621 (95% CI: 0.55–0.68)), moderate-risk (AUC = 0.669 (95% CI: 0.64–0.71)), and low-risk (AUC = 0.673 (95% CI: 0.63–0.72)) models offered significant predictive accuracy over VA's leading suicide prediction algorithm. Derived words varied considerably, the high-risk model including chronic condition service words, moderate-risk model including outpatient care, and low-risk model including acute condition care.
Study suggests benefit of leveraging unstructured electronic health records and expands prediction resources for non-high-risk suicide decedents, an historically underserved population.
{"title":"Using Natural Language Processing to develop risk-tier specific suicide prediction models for Veterans Affairs patients","authors":"Maxwell Levis , Monica Dimambro , Joshua Levy , Brian Shiner","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicide is a leading cause of death. Suicide rates are particularly elevated among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. While VA has made impactful suicide prevention advances, efforts primarily target high-risk patients with documented suicide risk. This high-risk population accounts for less than 10% of VA patient suicide deaths. We previously evaluated epidemiological patterns among VA patients that had lower classified suicide risk and derived moderate- and low-risk groupings. Expanding upon VA's leading suicide prediction model, this study uses national VA data to refine high-, moderate-, and low-risk specific suicide prediction methods. We selected all VA patients who died by suicide in 2017 or 2018 (n = 4584), matching each case with five controls who remained alive during treatment year and shared suicide risk percentiles. We extracted all sample unstructured electronic health record notes, analyzed them using natural language processing, and applied machine-learning classification algorithms to develop risk-tier-specific predictive models. We calculated area under the curve (AUC) and suicide risk concentration to evaluate predictive accuracy and analyzed derived words.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our high-risk model (AUC = 0.621 (95% CI: 0.55–0.68)), moderate-risk (AUC = 0.669 (95% CI: 0.64–0.71)), and low-risk (AUC = 0.673 (95% CI: 0.63–0.72)) models offered significant predictive accuracy over VA's leading suicide prediction algorithm. Derived words varied considerably, the high-risk model including chronic condition service words, moderate-risk model including outpatient care, and low-risk model including acute condition care.</div><div>Study suggests benefit of leveraging unstructured electronic health records and expands prediction resources for non-high-risk suicide decedents, an historically underserved population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.035
M.L. Vang , L.P.S. Andersen , K. Biering , P. Hyland , M. Shevlin , J. Linnet , J. Pihl-Thingvad
Adjustment disorder is frequently used as a diagnostic category for work-related stress disorders in Denmark. However, the diagnostic category is poorly delineated in ICD-10 which has hampered clinical practice as well as research studying the development of work-related adjustment disorders. In ICD-11, the diagnostic category of adjustment disorder has been refined and a new self-report measure is available to operationalize symptoms. The aim of the current study is to translate the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) to Danish and test the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of social educators. A total of 609 social educators in current employment participated in an online survey including the IADQ and data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggested that a two-factor model reflecting the distinction between preoccupation and failure to adapt as part of the diagnostic criterion fitted the data best, although strong factor correlations and one cross-factor loading suggests that differentiating between the dimensions of preoccupation and failure to adapt is difficult. Relationships to burnout, posttraumatic stress and general distress support the validity of the Danish translation of the IADQ. Further research should explore the structure of adjustment disorder among other working populations.
{"title":"ICD-11 adjustment disorder: Translation and validation of the Danish international adjustment disorder questionnaire among a working population of social educators","authors":"M.L. Vang , L.P.S. Andersen , K. Biering , P. Hyland , M. Shevlin , J. Linnet , J. Pihl-Thingvad","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adjustment disorder is frequently used as a diagnostic category for work-related stress disorders in Denmark. However, the diagnostic category is poorly delineated in ICD-10 which has hampered clinical practice as well as research studying the development of work-related adjustment disorders. In ICD-11, the diagnostic category of adjustment disorder has been refined and a new self-report measure is available to operationalize symptoms. The aim of the current study is to translate the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) to Danish and test the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of social educators. A total of 609 social educators in current employment participated in an online survey including the IADQ and data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggested that a two-factor model reflecting the distinction between preoccupation and failure to adapt as part of the diagnostic criterion fitted the data best, although strong factor correlations and one cross-factor loading suggests that differentiating between the dimensions of preoccupation and failure to adapt is difficult. Relationships to burnout, posttraumatic stress and general distress support the validity of the Danish translation of the IADQ. Further research should explore the structure of adjustment disorder among other working populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 388-395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.037
Berihun A. Dachew , Gizachew A. Tessema , Getinet Ayano , Gavin Pereira , Rosa Alati
Background
While the physical health consequence of short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) is well documented, its mental health impact is not well explored. This study aimed to examine the associations between IPIs and behavioural outcomes in children born following the interval at four developmental time points between ages 7 and 16.
Methods
Our study sample comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, an ongoing population-based longitudinal birth cohort in Bristol, Avon, United Kingdom. Behavioural problems, including total behavioural difficulties, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer-problems, and problems of pro-social behaviour, were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Over 2300 mothers and their singleton children were included in this study. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to estimate odds ratios for the associations.
Results
Children born to mothers with short IPI (<6 months) were 1.54 (95%CI: 1.12–2.11), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12–1.81) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.04–1.79) times more likely to have total behavioural difficulties, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention problems across the child's age, respectively, compared with children of mothers with IPIs of 18–23 months. We found no evidence of associations between short IPI (<6 months) and emotional symptoms, peer-relationship problems and pro-social behaviour problems.
Conclusion
Short IPI (<6 months) was associated with externalising (conduct and hyperactivity/inattention) but not internalising (emotional and peer-relationship problems) problems. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Interpregnancy intervals and behavioural outcomes in children: A population-based longitudinal study","authors":"Berihun A. Dachew , Gizachew A. Tessema , Getinet Ayano , Gavin Pereira , Rosa Alati","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While the physical health consequence of short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) is well documented, its mental health impact is not well explored. This study aimed to examine the associations between IPIs and behavioural outcomes in children born following the interval at four developmental time points between ages 7 and 16.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study sample comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, an ongoing population-based longitudinal birth cohort in Bristol, Avon, United Kingdom. Behavioural problems, including total behavioural difficulties, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer-problems, and problems of pro-social behaviour, were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Over 2300 mothers and their singleton children were included in this study. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to estimate odds ratios for the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children born to mothers with short IPI (<6 months) were 1.54 (95%CI: 1.12–2.11), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12–1.81) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.04–1.79) times more likely to have total behavioural difficulties, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention problems across the child's age, respectively, compared with children of mothers with IPIs of 18–23 months. We found no evidence of associations between short IPI (<6 months) and emotional symptoms, peer-relationship problems and pro-social behaviour problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Short IPI (<6 months) was associated with externalising (conduct and hyperactivity/inattention) but not internalising (emotional and peer-relationship problems) problems<strong>.</strong> Further studies are needed to confirm this association and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"180 ","pages":"Pages 16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.028
L. Pellegrini , A. Clarke , N.A. Fineberg , K.R. Laws
Background
Vaccine hesitancy has gained heightened relevance amid the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the urgency of understanding its determinants. This study explores the association between Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, mental health variables and inflexible thinking.
Methods
A convenience sample of 252 UK adults was assessed online between June 2021–July 2022 (when Covid-19 lockdown restrictions had finally eased). We assessed participants using the Oxford Covid Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (OCVHS), various aspects of mental health, using: the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), and finally, performance on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task (WCST). This study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/xd5wz).
Results
Multiple regression analyses showed that only cognitive inflexibility, and specifically the WCST item of perseverative errors, significantly predicted vaccine hesitancy.
Conclusion
Our exploratory analysis provides the first evidence that cognitive inflexibility, measured using an objective task, is an independent risk-factor for vaccine hesitancy. Public health strategies should consider the impact of an inflexible thinking style on the decision-making of those most at risk of vaccine hesitancy and adapt interventions accordingly.
{"title":"The inflexible mind: A critical factor in understanding and addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","authors":"L. Pellegrini , A. Clarke , N.A. Fineberg , K.R. Laws","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccine hesitancy has gained heightened relevance amid the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the urgency of understanding its determinants. This study explores the association between Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, mental health variables and inflexible thinking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convenience sample of 252 UK adults was assessed online between June 2021–July 2022 (when Covid-19 lockdown restrictions had finally eased). We assessed participants using the Oxford Covid Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (OCVHS), various aspects of mental health, using: the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), and finally, performance on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task (WCST). This study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://osf.io/xd5wz</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple regression analyses showed that only cognitive inflexibility, and specifically the WCST item of perseverative errors, significantly predicted vaccine hesitancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our exploratory analysis provides the first evidence that cognitive inflexibility, measured using an objective task, is an independent risk-factor for vaccine hesitancy. Public health strategies should consider the impact of an inflexible thinking style on the decision-making of those most at risk of vaccine hesitancy and adapt interventions accordingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 360-365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.027
Stanley Wong , Nicholas Fabiano , Brandon Luu , Chanhee Seo , Arnav Gupta , Helena K. Kim , Risa Shorr , Brett D.M. Jones , Michael S.B. Mak , M. Ishrat Husain
There is limited synthesized evidence for weighted blankets usage in psychiatric patients. We performed a PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of weighted blankets on sleep and mental health outcomes in psychiatric patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to December 15th, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or cohort studies reporting objective outcome scales of sleep and mental health were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) measured effect size. Q and I2 tests measured heterogeneity. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 and NIH Quality Assessment Tool assessed risk of bias. Nine studies of 553 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and autism. 289 participants received weighted blankets and 264 were in control groups. Intervention length ranged from 5 min to one year. Four studies reported evidence for weighted blankets in improving insomnia, total sleep time, and sleep onset latency. Six studies reported evidence for reducing anxiety symptoms. When compared to placebo, those using weighted blankets had improvements to anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.25, p < 0.001). One RCT had low risk of bias, 3 had some concerns, 1 was high risk. Three cohort studies were “fair” and one was “poor” in quality. It was found that weighted blankets can be effective in reducing anxiety in psychiatric patients. However, the literature is limited by heterogeneity of outcome reporting, lack of well designed RCTs, and small sample sizes. Highlighting the need for higher quality studies.
{"title":"The effect of weighted blankets on sleep quality and mental health symptoms in people with psychiatric disorders in inpatient and outpatient settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Stanley Wong , Nicholas Fabiano , Brandon Luu , Chanhee Seo , Arnav Gupta , Helena K. Kim , Risa Shorr , Brett D.M. Jones , Michael S.B. Mak , M. Ishrat Husain","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is limited synthesized evidence for weighted blankets usage in psychiatric patients. We performed a PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of weighted blankets on sleep and mental health outcomes in psychiatric patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to December 15th, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or cohort studies reporting objective outcome scales of sleep and mental health were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) measured effect size. Q and I<sup>2</sup> tests measured heterogeneity. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 and NIH Quality Assessment Tool assessed risk of bias. Nine studies of 553 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and autism. 289 participants received weighted blankets and 264 were in control groups. Intervention length ranged from 5 min to one year. Four studies reported evidence for weighted blankets in improving insomnia, total sleep time, and sleep onset latency. Six studies reported evidence for reducing anxiety symptoms. When compared to placebo, those using weighted blankets had improvements to anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.25, p < 0.001). One RCT had low risk of bias, 3 had some concerns, 1 was high risk. Three cohort studies were “fair” and one was “poor” in quality. It was found that weighted blankets can be effective in reducing anxiety in psychiatric patients. However, the literature is limited by heterogeneity of outcome reporting, lack of well designed RCTs, and small sample sizes. Highlighting the need for higher quality studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"179 ","pages":"Pages 286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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