Journal of Pragmatics最新文献_第4页

The three “waves” of compliment and compliment response research 恭维的三次“浪潮”与恭维反应研究

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.11.008

Carmen Maíz-Arévalo

Since the seminal studies carried out by Wolfson and Manes (1980) and Wolfson (1981, 1984), compliments have long attracted scholarly attention. Similarly, Pomerantz's (1978) pioneering study on compliment responses set the ground for interest in this related speech act. It could be argued that there are four different reasons for this fascination. First, compliments (and their corresponding responses) are extremely important in the construction of social rapport. Secondly, research has proven that they are far from simple despite their “formulaic” character. Third, contrastive research has found that there are remarkable cross-cultural differences, which often lead to misunderstandings or pragmatic clashes in intercultural exchanges. Finally, the increasing presence of digital communication has led to new ways to compliment and respond to compliments, based on the media affordances and constraints. This raises the question: what remains to be done in the study of compliments and compliment responses? The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to present a comprehensive state of the art, which I argue can be divided into three main overlapping ‘waves’. This will be accompanied by a discussion of the main results and methodologies found in each wave. On the other hand, it intends to provide readers with some pointers to future research.

自从Wolfson和Manes（1980）以及Wolfson（1981, 1984）进行了开创性的研究以来，赞美一直吸引着学术界的关注。同样，Pomerantz（1978）对赞美反应的开创性研究为研究这一相关言语行为奠定了基础。可以说，这种迷恋有四个不同的原因。首先，赞美（以及相应的回应）对建立社会关系非常重要。其次，研究证明，尽管它们具有“公式化”的特征，但它们远非简单。第三，对比研究发现，在跨文化交际中存在着显著的跨文化差异，这些差异常常导致误解或语用冲突。最后，基于媒体的支持和约束，数字通信的不断增加导致了赞美和回应赞美的新方式。这就提出了一个问题：在赞美和赞美反应的研究中，还需要做些什么？本文的目的是，一方面，呈现一个全面的艺术状态，我认为这可以分为三个主要的重叠的“波”。这将伴随着在每一波中发现的主要结果和方法的讨论。另一方面，它旨在为读者提供一些未来研究的指针。

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引用次数: 0

Pragmatics of irony in performance: Politeness, offense, and audience reception in Chinese stand-up comedy 表演中的反讽语用：中国单口喜剧中的礼貌、冒犯与观众接受

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.12.003

Liwei Yang

This study focuses on the context of Chinese stand-up comedy and examines the operation of irony as a pragmatic strategy along the politeness–impoliteness continuum. The data consist of the complete performance transcripts of 57 comedians from the preliminary stage of a television competition show. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods, the study proposes a dual-pathway analytical framework of polite irony and mock impoliteness. The results show that irony constitutes a core discursive resource in Chinese stand-up comedy, primarily realized through these two strategies. Polite irony cushions potential conflicts by employing a “surface compliment–underlying critique” pattern, while mock impoliteness reframes offensive expressions as benign violations, enabling sensitive issues to be accepted by the audience. At the same time, irony demonstrates diverse functions: it can directly target social authorities and public issues to deliver critique and expose issues, or merge with self-deprecation and everyday narratives to create intimacy and entertainment. The findings indicate that irony in Chinese stand-up comedy simultaneously reconciles politeness and impoliteness, entertainment and critique, highlighting its role as an important vehicle of social criticism and cultural expression. This study is the first to systematically compare the division of labor and collaboration between polite irony and mock impoliteness in Chinese stand-up comedy. It not only provides new empirical evidence for pragmatics and humor research but also offers practical insights into how humor can balance critique with harmony in specific cultural contexts.

本研究以中国单口喜剧为研究对象，考察了反讽作为一种语用策略在礼貌-不礼貌连续体中的作用。该数据是某电视竞赛节目初赛阶段的57名喜剧演员的完整表演记录。本研究结合定性和定量方法，提出了礼貌反讽和模拟不礼貌的双途径分析框架。结果表明，反讽是中国单口喜剧的核心话语资源，反讽主要通过这两种策略来实现。礼貌的讽刺通过采用“表面的赞美-潜在的批评”模式来缓冲潜在的冲突，而模仿的不礼貌则将冒犯性的表达重新定义为良性的侵犯，使敏感的问题能够被观众所接受。同时，反讽也表现出多种功能：既可以直接针对社会权威和公共问题进行批判和揭露，也可以与自嘲和日常叙事相融合，制造亲切感和娱乐性。研究结果表明，中国单口喜剧中的反讽同时调和了礼貌与无礼、娱乐与批判，凸显了其作为社会批判和文化表达的重要载体的作用。本研究首次系统地比较了中国单口喜剧中礼貌反讽与嘲弄不礼貌的分工和协作。它不仅为语用学和幽默研究提供了新的经验证据，而且为幽默如何在特定的文化背景下平衡批评与和谐提供了实践见解。

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引用次数: 0

Refutation in presidential debate: Metadiscourse and co-occurring gestures 总统辩论中的反驳：元话语与共现姿态

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.11.010

Chung-Chen Chen, Yen-Liang (Eric) Lin

Political debates are central to the electoral process, offering candidates opportunities to persuade voters through both verbal and nonverbal means. Among these, refutation strategies play a pivotal role in challenging opponents and reinforcing credibility. While prior research has examined either metadiscourse or gestures in debates, relatively little attention has been given to how these modes operate in tandem. Grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics and multimodal discourse analysis, this study investigates how metadiscourse and gesture co-construct persuasive refutation in political communication. Specifically, it analyzes the multimodal strategies of Kamala Harris and Donald Trump in the second 2024 U.S. presidential debate. The analysis revealed that Trump employed a greater number of metadiscourse markers overall, particularly text connectives and illocution markers, while Harris used them more selectively but strategically. Gesture analysis showed that metaphoric gestures were most frequent, with iconic gestures least used. Both candidates tended to align attitude markers with metaphoric gestures, text connectives with beat gestures, and illocution markers and code glosses with metaphoric gestures. The findings indicate that Harris and Trump adopted distinct pragmatic strategies, yet in both cases, speech and gesture functioned as integrated multimodal resources that reinforced the persuasiveness of their refutations. This study demonstrates the value of examining political debates through a multimodal lens, highlighting how verbal and nonverbal strategies converge to shape persuasive performance.

政治辩论是选举过程的核心，为候选人提供了通过口头和非口头手段说服选民的机会。其中，反驳策略在挑战对手和增强可信度方面发挥着关键作用。虽然先前的研究已经检查了辩论中的元话语或手势，但相对较少关注这些模式是如何协同运作的。本研究以系统功能语言学和多模态语篇分析为基础，探讨元语篇和手势如何在政治交际中共同建构有说服力的反驳。具体来说，它分析了卡玛拉·哈里斯和唐纳德·特朗普在2024年第二次美国总统辩论中的多模式战略。分析显示，特朗普总体上使用了更多的元话语标记，尤其是文本连接词和非言语标记，而哈里斯则更有选择性但更有策略地使用它们。手势分析显示，隐喻手势使用频率最高，而符号手势使用频率最低。两位候选人都倾向于将态度标记与隐喻手势、文本连接词与节拍手势、非言语标记和暗语注释与隐喻手势对齐。研究结果表明，哈里斯和特朗普采用了截然不同的语用策略，但在这两种情况下，言语和手势都是整合的多模式资源，增强了他们反驳的说服力。这项研究展示了通过多模态视角审视政治辩论的价值，强调了语言和非语言策略如何汇聚在一起，形成有说服力的表现。

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引用次数: 0

Swearing across times: A study of the Spanish dubbing of swearwords in the 1990s and the 2020s 跨越时代的咒骂：对20世纪90年代和20世纪20年代西班牙语咒骂配音的研究

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.12.002

Roberto A. Valdeón

In recent years, translation scholars have paid attention to the importance of pragmatics in general and swearing in particular. This article aims to compare the translation strategies used to render the swearwords of US television programs into Spanish in the 1990s and in the 2020s in order to assess the so-called ‘vulgarization hypothesis’, i. e., whether the tendency to increase swearwords in contemporary European Spanish is comparable to the situation in the later part of the twentieth century. The comparative study will analyze four seasons of two comedies and two dramas in order to establish whether Spanish dubbed programs have evolved from the omission of swearwords as the main translation strategy in the 1990s to intensification in the 2020s. It will compare the use of (very) mild, moderate and (very) strong swearwords in the source and target languages by considering four translation strategies: preservation, intensification, toning down and omission. The findings show that the main tendency in the dubbed programs of the 1990s was the preservation of mild swearwords followed by omission, while in the 2020s the main strategy is intensification followed by preservation.

近年来，翻译学者普遍关注语用学的重要性，尤其是对脏话的关注。本文旨在比较20世纪90年代和20世纪20年代美国电视节目中粗口语的翻译策略，以评估所谓的“庸俗化假说”，即当代欧洲西班牙语中粗口语的增加趋势是否与20世纪后半叶的情况相当。对比研究将对两部喜剧和两部电视剧的四季进行分析，以确定西班牙语配音节目是否从20世纪90年代以省略脏话为主要翻译策略到20世纪20年代的强化。本文将比较源语和译语中（非常）温和、中等和（非常）强烈脏话的使用情况，并考虑到四种翻译策略：保留、强化、淡化和省略。研究结果表明，上世纪90年代配音节目的主要趋势是保留温和的脏话然后省略，而20世纪20年代的主要策略是加强脏话然后保留。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.11.009

Nele Põldvere

引用次数: 0

From a question word to a discourse marker: The particle neli in Macedonian 从疑问词到语篇标记词：马其顿语中的助词neli

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.10.012

Liljana Mitkovska, Eleni Bužarovska

The paper presents the results of the research on the use of the particle neli in spoken Macedonian. The aim is to examine the semantic and pragmatic variation of neli in sentences excerpted from telephone conversations. The main assumption is that neli is polysemous, and its meaning depends on the interaction between the communicative purpose of the sentence with neli and the syntactic position of the particle. Initial results show that neli is used both as an interrogative particle and as a discourse marker. When used as an interrogative particle in initial position, neli introduces biased questions that anticipate an affirmative response; in final position it seeks confirmation of the preceding statement. In medial position within declarative sentences, it functions at a discourse level where it acquires procedural and phatic meanings. Across its various functions, neli facilitates cooperative communication between interlocutors. Drawing on the Discourse Grammar framework, its extension from sentence-level to discourse-level usage is attributed to cooptation. Given that pragmatic markers rarely evolve from question particles, the polyfunctionality of neli provides a noteworthy typological contribution.

本文介绍了对马其顿语口语中助词neli使用情况的研究结果。目的是研究电话会话中“不来”的语义和语用变化。主要的假设是，“假话”是一词多义的，它的意义取决于句子的交际目的和助词的句法位置之间的相互作用。初步结果表明，neli既可作为疑问句助词，也可作为语篇标记语。当neli用作疑问句的初始位置时，它引入了带有偏见的问题，期望得到肯定的回答；最后，它寻求证实前面的陈述。在陈述句的中间位置，它在语篇层面起作用，获得程序意义和语言意义。通过其各种功能，neli促进了对话者之间的合作交流。在语篇语法框架下，它从句子层面的使用扩展到语篇层面的使用，可以归结为一种协同作用。考虑到语用标记很少从疑问句演变而来，内里语的多功能性提供了一个值得注意的类型学贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Responding to new information with negative discourse particles nein/nee/nö in German talk-in-interaction 德语对话中的否定语篇助词nein/nee/nö对新信息的响应

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.10.008

Alexandra Gubina , Emma Betz

This conversation analytic and interactional linguistic study examines how the negative discourse particles nein/nee/nö (‘no’) are used in response to new information in mundane and institutional talk-in-interaction in spoken German. We analyze two functions of these responsive negative discourse particles: First, we examine how these particles serve to receipt information as new and display a stance toward it, e.g., an affiliative negative stance or surprise. Second, we explore how they can function to request reconfirmation, treat the prior informing as new, and/or invite further elaboration – or even reconsideration – of what another person previously said. Our study describes responses to news that have not been featured in prior research and shows how different design features of nein/nee/nö-turns disambiguate their function, shape interactional trajectories, and manage epistemic and affective positioning. We also uncover how nein/nee/nö-turns can be used in response to a visually perceived event or state of affairs and discuss the implications of such uses for our conceptualization of “information” and “news”.

这个对话分析和互动语言学研究探讨了否定语篇助词nein/nee/nö （' no '）是如何在日常和机构的德语口语对话中用于回应新信息的。我们分析了这些反应性否定话语粒子的两个功能：首先，我们研究了这些粒子如何作为新信息接收并显示对它的立场，例如，附属否定立场或惊讶。其次，我们探索它们如何发挥作用，要求重新确认，将先前的通知视为新的，和/或邀请进一步阐述-甚至重新考虑-另一个人之前说过的话。我们的研究描述了对新闻的反应，这些反应在之前的研究中没有出现，并展示了nein/nee/nö-turns的不同设计特征如何消除其功能歧义，塑造互动轨迹，并管理认知和情感定位。我们还揭示了nein/nee/nö-turns如何用于响应视觉感知的事件或事态，并讨论了这些用途对我们对“信息”和“新闻”的概念化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reported speech in dementia: Pragmatic patterns in Spanish and Galician natural discourse 痴呆症患者的报告言语：西班牙语和加利西亚语自然语篇的语用模式

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.10.011

David Navarro-Ciurana , Ana Varela Suárez

Reported speech has been studied in both children and healthy adults. However, it remains a pending issue in the field of Clinical Pragmatics. Regarding adults with dementia, previous studies pointed out that reported speech in individuals with dementia appears almost exclusively as direct speech, while indirect speech arises only occasionally in the form of metaphors or irony.

This study has the following objectives: (i) to observe and begin to characterize how the ability to efficiently use reported speech in any type of discourse can deteriorate as cognitive decline progresses in dementia; (ii) to compare whether reported speech patterns vary when people with dementia construct narratives across different genres; and (iii) to examine whether reported speech is employed in dementia discourse as a compensatory strategy to avoid trouble sources. To this end, an oral corpus of 27 video recordings was compiled, featuring individuals at different stages of the disease.

The results indicate a systematic decline in both the frequency and structural complexity of RS. Direct speech is the most common form of RS across all stages. Cognitive impairment leads to a more echoic discourse and an increased number of pronouns with unclear referents; in addition, RS representations shift from being diverse to involving only participants present in the communicative context of the task. Discourse genre affects the rate of RS production, which appears more frequently in naturalistic tasks.

对儿童和健康成人的报告语言进行了研究。然而，这仍然是临床语用学领域的一个有待解决的问题。对于成年痴呆患者，先前的研究指出，痴呆患者报告的言语几乎完全是直接言语，间接言语只是偶尔以隐喻或反讽的形式出现。本研究有以下目标：(i)观察并开始描述在任何类型的话语中有效使用报告言语的能力如何随着痴呆症患者认知能力下降的进展而恶化；（ii）比较当痴呆症患者构建不同类型的叙事时，报告的语言模式是否会有所不同；（三）研究报告言语是否在痴呆症话语中被用作避免麻烦来源的补偿策略。为此目的，汇编了一份由27段录像组成的口语库，记录了处于该疾病不同阶段的个体。研究结果表明，语音发音的频率和结构复杂性都在系统性地下降。直接言语是所有阶段中最常见的语音发音形式。认知障碍导致话语回声增多，指代物不明确的代词增多；此外，RS表征从多样化转变为只涉及在任务交际语境中存在的参与者。话语类型影响语音生成的速度，而语音生成在自然主义任务中更为常见。

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引用次数: 0

Demonstratives as utterance-final particles in Vietnamese conversation 指示词在越南语会话中的词尾助词作用

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.08.005

Mayumi Adachi

It is commonly supposed that Vietnamese has a three-term system of demonstratives with representative forms such as đây, đấy, and kia. These demonstratives are used as utterance-final particles (UFPs) with various pragmatic meanings. While demonstratives have basic indicating functions, their usage as UFPs is related to the subjective and intersubjective (or interpersonal) stance of the speaker. This study examines how some of these particles are used to encode epistemic stances in family dinner conversations. Speakers frequently use medial demonstratives đấy and ấy as well as distal demonstrative kia to indicate the status of knowledge of the speaker and hearer. These particles are also used as interactional markers; for instance, đấy can be used as a positive politeness marker; ấy exhibits solidarity; and kia expresses counter-expectation. The use of demonstratives as interactional particles has also been observed in the Kra-Dai and Austronesian languages. This study of Vietnamese, a Mon-Khmer language, provides further opportunities to cross-linguistically identify potential generalizations of the development of demonstratives as discourse particles.

一般认为越南语有三个指示词系统，代表形式有đây、đấy和kia。这些指示词作为语末助词使用，具有不同的语用意义。虽然指示语具有基本的指示功能，但它的使用与说话人的主观和主体间（或人际）立场有关。本研究探讨了如何使用这些粒子来编码家庭晚餐谈话中的认知立场。说话者经常使用中间指示代词đấy和ấy以及远端指示代词kia来表示说话者和听话者的知识状况。这些粒子也被用作相互作用的标记；例如，đấy可以用作积极的礼貌标记；ấy展示团结；kia表示反期望。在喀拉-戴语和南岛语中也观察到指示语作为相互作用的助词的使用。越南语是一种孟高棉语，这项研究为跨语言识别指示词作为语篇小品的发展的潜在概括提供了进一步的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Pragmatic functions of the interjection hello 感叹词hello的语用功能

IF 1.7 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.10.009

Jan Svennevig, Kristine Hasund

In previous research, the English interjection hello has been described as a greeting or as a call for attention (a ‘summons’). However, in informal spoken conversation, it has a range of other pragmatic functions that have not been accounted for. This article describes these functions as they are manifested in a corpus of televised talk shows. Using a conversation analytic methodology, we account for the sequential characteristics and the pragmatic meanings of the interjection beyond those of greeting and summons. We show that it may be used to express surprise or positive evaluation, to reproach someone for some misconduct, and to evaluate a state of affairs negatively. It may also mark a proposition as obvious. In many of the instances, the interjection is produced with one of two characteristic emphatic intonation contours. The article also discusses the semantic relationships between the different usages and meanings of the interjection.

在之前的研究中，英语感叹词hello被描述为一种问候或一种引起注意的呼吁（“召唤”）。然而，在非正式的口语会话中，它还有一系列其他的语用功能，这些功能还没有被考虑到。本文描述了这些功能在电视谈话节目语料库中的表现。本文运用会话分析的方法，分析了感叹词在问候语和召唤语之外的顺序特征和语用意义。我们表明，它可以用来表达惊讶或积极的评价，谴责某人的一些不当行为，以及消极地评价事物的状态。它也可能标志着一个命题显而易见。在许多情况下，感叹词是用两种特征的重读语调轮廓之一产生的。文章还讨论了感叹词的不同用法和意义之间的语义关系。

引用次数: 0