Journal of Pragmatics最新文献

英文中文

Style markers in speech act realization: A corpus-based analysis of the cute style sajiao in Chinese 言语行为实现中的风格标记：基于语料库的汉语可爱风格撒娇分析

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.002

Jueyun Su

Previous empirical studies have revealed variation in speech act realization. A common methodological approach involves coding strategy and modification types used in particular scenarios to quantify variation at the actional level. This study adopts a novel approach by focusing on first-order style labels rather than particular speech acts, speaker types, or contexts to investigate style-specific patterns in speech act realization. Specifically, style markers related to speech act realization, including internal lexical modifiers and semantic formulas, are identified through concordance analysis of keywords and key clusters generated by comparing a target corpus of style-specific speech with a reference corpus of other styles. This style marker analysis is applied to examine sajiao (‘act cute’), a widely practiced and culturally significant communication style in (Mandarin) Chinese associated with cuteness, childlikeness, and femininity, yet sometimes evoking negative perceptions. The case study found internal lexical modifiers that align with previous research on sajiao, as well as semantic formulas that have received limited attention. These formulas appear in requests, refusals, emotives of longing, complaints, and compliments. The sajiao style indexes an in-group relationship, positioning the addressee as a caregiver. Alongside self-serving sajiao usage, corpus data also revealed: 1) strategic uses of sajiao for altruistic purposes, and 2) sajiao actors' obligation to reciprocate through expressions of appreciation and affection. Sajiao was also strategically used to reduce social distance with out-group members. The study suggests three key aspects of speech act realization: formal-level variation, the synergistic effects of co-occurring forms, and stylistic choices that deviate from dominant norms.

以往的实证研究揭示了言语行为实现的差异。一种常见的方法方法包括在特定场景中使用的编码策略和修改类型，以量化活动级别的变化。本研究采用一阶风格标签而非特定言语行为、说话人类型或语境来研究言语行为实现中的特定风格模式。具体而言，通过对特定风格语音的目标语料库与其他风格的参考语料库生成的关键词和关键聚类进行一致性分析，识别与言语行为实现相关的风格标记，包括内部词法修饰语和语义公式。这种风格标记分析被应用于检查撒娇（“表现得可爱”），这是一种广泛使用的文化交流方式，在（普通话）中国与可爱、孩子气和女性气质有关，但有时会引起负面看法。该案例研究发现了与先前关于撒娇的研究一致的内部词汇修饰语，以及受到有限关注的语义公式。这些公式出现在请求、拒绝、渴望、抱怨和赞美的情绪中。撒娇风格表明了一种群体内关系，将收件人定位为照顾者。除了自私自利的撒娇行为，语料库数据还揭示了：1)出于利他目的的策略性撒娇行为；2)撒娇行为者有义务通过表达欣赏和情感来回报他人。撒娇也被策略性地用于减少与外群体成员的社会距离。该研究提出了言语行为实现的三个关键方面：形式层面的变化，共同发生形式的协同效应，以及偏离主导规范的风格选择。

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引用次数: 0

Prosodic disambiguation of the Mandarin discourse marker Fanzheng (“anyway”): A corpus-based study of functional asymmetry at utterance peripheries 普通话话语标记“反正”的韵律消歧：基于语料库的话语外围功能不对称研究

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.005

Yi Shan , Weiwei Chu

This study investigates the prosody-pragmatics interface of the Mandarin Chinese discourse marker (DM) fanzheng in spontaneous conversation, focusing on how prosodic features contribute to its functional differentiation at the left and right peripheries of utterances. Using data from the CABank Mandarin CallFriend Mainland Corpus, we conducted a comparative analysis of 322 tokens of fanzheng, examining their distribution, prosodic characteristics, and pragmatic functions. Our findings reveal a significant distributional asymmetry, with 82 % of tokens occurring at the left periphery and 12 % at the right periphery. This asymmetry correlates with distinct functional roles, supporting the concept of functional asymmetry in DMs. Prosodic analysis across multiple variables (duration, tempo, intensity, and pause duration) showed significant differences between left- and right-periphery tokens. Based on these differences, we constructed a prosody-periphery model that achieved 97 % accuracy in classifying fanzheng tokens, demonstrating the potential of prosodic features in disambiguating DM functions. The study contributes to the growing body of research on the prosody-pragmatics interface by providing empirical evidence for the role of prosody in disambiguating DM functions and offering a replicable methodology for investigating other DMs. Our findings align with previous research on DM prosody across languages while also highlighting language-specific factors that influence DM usage. This research has implications for language pedagogy, natural language processing, and future studies in discourse analysis. It underscores the need for further cross-linguistic research to explore potential universal patterns in the prosody-pragmatics interface of DMs and calls for investigating the intentional exploitation of prosodic ambiguity in communication strategies.

本研究探讨了普通话话语标记语“饭正”在自发对话中的韵律-语用界面，重点探讨了韵律特征如何影响其在话语左右外围的功能分化。本文利用CABank普通话CallFriend大陆语料库数据，对322个繁正语词进行了对比分析，考察了它们的分布、韵律特征和语用功能。我们的研究结果揭示了显著的分布不对称性，82%的标记发生在左外周，12%发生在右外周。这种不对称与不同的功能角色相关，支持DMs中功能不对称的概念。跨多个变量（持续时间、节奏、强度和停顿时间）的韵律分析显示，左右外围标记之间存在显著差异。基于这些差异，我们构建了一个韵律-外围模型，该模型对梵语标记的分类准确率达到97%，证明了韵律特征在消歧DM函数中的潜力。该研究为韵律在消歧义DM功能中的作用提供了经验证据，并为研究其他DM提供了可复制的方法，从而促进了韵律-语用界面的研究。我们的研究结果与之前的跨语言DM韵律研究一致，同时也强调了影响DM使用的语言特定因素。本研究对语言教育学、自然语言处理和语篇分析的未来研究具有重要意义。该研究强调需要进一步的跨语言研究来探索韵律语用界面中潜在的普遍模式，并呼吁研究韵律歧义在交际策略中的有意利用。

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引用次数: 0

Phrasal or clausal grammatical formats of instructions in a boxing ‘mitt-hitting’ activity 短语或小句语法格式的指令在拳击‘拳击’活动

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.05.009

Misao Okada

This paper shows how short or longer formats of instruction (i.e. phrases, clauses, or multi-unit turns) emerge in the face-to-face boxing activity of ‘mitt-hitting’: a coach presents a mitt as a target with verbal instructions and the instructed boxer hits it, as they practice one type of punch after another. In this activity, different turn-sizes in the coach's verbal instruction, (e.g. phrases, clauses, or multi-unit turns) are tied to whether or not the participants orient to immediate initiation of the targeted punch proper around when the coach's mitt position is complete and ready. When the participants orient to immediate initiation of the targeted punch proper upon the completed target, the coach's verbal instructions are often short, e.g. noun phrases. In contrast, the instruction formats can be clauses or multi-unit turns, in addition to phrases, when the participant(s) walk or step before the initiation of the punch proper and thus orient to the non-immediacy of initiation of the punch proper vis-à-vis the completed targets. Their walking or stepping allows the coach to produce those longer formats before the punch initiation. Thus, based on multimodal analyses of embodied activity, this study shows that grammatical units are inseparable from the multiple participants' moving bodies, which are directed as a gestalt toward the local implementation of punch initiations.

本文展示了短格式或长格式的指导（即短语，从句或多单元回合）如何出现在面对面的拳击“打手套”活动中：教练以口头指示呈现手套作为目标，受指导的拳击手击打它，因为他们练习一种接一种的击打。在这个活动中，教练口头指导中的不同回合大小（例如短语，从句或多单元回合）与参与者是否在教练的手套位置完成并准备好后立即开始目标击打有关。当参与者倾向于在完成目标后立即开始有针对性的打击时，教练的口头指示通常很短，例如名词短语。相比之下，指令格式可以是从句或多单元转弯，除了短语，当参与者(s)走或步之前的击打适当，从而定位于非立即发起的击打适当相对-à-vis完成的目标。他们的走路或踏步可以让教练在打拳开始前产生那些较长的格式。因此，基于对具身活动的多模态分析，本研究表明，语法单位与多个参与者的运动身体是分不开的，这些运动身体作为一种格式塔，指向局部实施打孔发起。

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引用次数: 0

How students get help: Institutional identities as a resource for recruitment 学生如何获得帮助：学校身份作为一种招生资源

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.001

Rosario Neyra , Kobin H. Kendrick , Merran Toerien

This paper explores the intersection between institutional identity and recruitment practices in craft workshops. It argues that students orient to both their own identity as students in need and to the instructor's institutional identity as assistance-provider as a key resource for obtaining assistance. The analysis is organised into three main analytic sections: instructors self-selecting to assist without being explicitly addressed, students selecting instructors as providers of assistance, and students pursuing assistance when an initial attempt is not immediately successful. Across these practices, students rely on the instructor's category-bound activity of providing assistance and their own identity as students. Through the analysis of a corpus of video recordings from a range of craft workshops, this study demonstrates how institutional identity and the category-bound activity of providing assistance are procedurally consequential in recruitment, highlighting the omnirelevance of the identity of the instructor in workshops. The data are in English.

本文探讨了机构认同与工艺作坊招聘实践之间的交集。该研究认为，学生既倾向于自己作为有需要的学生的身份，也倾向于教师作为援助提供者的机构身份，作为获得援助的关键资源。分析被组织成三个主要的分析部分：教师在没有明确说明的情况下自行选择帮助，学生选择教师作为帮助的提供者，学生在最初的尝试没有立即成功时寻求帮助。在这些实践中，学生依赖于教师提供帮助的类别限定活动和他们自己作为学生的身份。通过对一系列工艺工作坊的录像资料的分析，本研究展示了机构身份和提供援助的类别限定活动如何在招聘过程中产生程序上的影响，突出了工作坊中讲师身份的全局性。数据是英文的。

引用次数: 0

Interpretive constructs: The case of incitement to violence and terror 解释性构念：煽动暴力和恐怖的案例

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.004

Roni Danziger

This paper examines incitement as an interpretive construct, challenging the traditional view that incitement is a conventionalized speech act. Instead, it proposes that incitement is an indeterminate meta-pragmatic evaluation of speech-in-context. To outline this process, the study analyzes court records from judicial proceedings in Israel between 2016 and 2022, where individuals were charged with incitement to violence and terror under the Counter-Terrorism Law. The dataset consists of 30 court sessions in which it is argued before the court whether the various forms of speech count as incitement. The analysis revealed that actions judged as incitement include a broad range of linguistic and discursive strategies, such as hortative and imperative structures, positive-valence expressive speech acts, threats, long-form ideological and political speeches, and expressions of identification with terrorist organizations. The study identifies five evaluative categories used by the Israeli judiciary to assess whether speech constitutes incitement: frequency and duration of expressions, audience size, political context, probability of success, and likelihood of interpretation. The findings suggest that determining if speech counts as incitement involves an interpretive process from multiple perspectives, wherein the ascribed meaning potentially diverges in unreconcilable ways depending on the perspective used. The study highlights the critical role of third-party observers, such as judges, in the meaning-making process, emphasizing that the interpretation of incitement reflects a negotiation over values, narratives, and perspectives. This paper contributes to pragmatic theory by advocating for a broader understanding of interpretive constructs and their implications on meaning–making processes.

本文将煽动作为一种解释性结构来考察，挑战了将煽动视为一种约定俗成的言语行为的传统观点。相反，它提出激励是对语境中言语的一种不确定的元语用评价。为了概述这一过程，该研究分析了2016年至2022年以色列司法程序的法庭记录，其中个人被控根据《反恐怖主义法》煽动暴力和恐怖。该数据集包括30个法庭会议，在法庭上辩论各种形式的言论是否算作煽动。分析表明，被判定为煽动性的行为包括广泛的语言和话语策略，如修辞性和祈使性结构、积极效价表达性言语行为、威胁、长篇意识形态和政治演讲，以及对恐怖组织的认同表达。这项研究确定了以色列司法部门用来评估言论是否构成煽动的五个评估类别：表达的频率和持续时间、听众规模、政治背景、成功的可能性和解释的可能性。研究结果表明，决定言语是否算作煽动涉及一个从多个角度的解释过程，其中所赋予的意义可能会以不可调和的方式分歧，这取决于所使用的角度。该研究强调了第三方观察者（如法官）在意义形成过程中的关键作用，强调对煽动的解释反映了对价值观、叙述和观点的协商。本文通过提倡更广泛地理解解释构念及其对意义生成过程的影响，为语用学理论做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A functional classification of aggressive digital replies to Pedro Sánchez' posts on X 对Pedro Sánchez在X上的帖子的侵略性数字回复的功能分类

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.003

María Luisa Carrió-Pastor

This paper presents a classification proposal based on the analysis of actual, naturally occurring aggressive language on X (formerly Twitter), while considering the different kinds of affect in Appraisal theory and the function of images in digital discourse. Within this frame, the aims of the analysis carried out for this study were first, to categorise the use of aggressive language in the replies to the Spanish prime minister's posts on the social media platform X with a view to unveiling any patterns and differences in the language used, and second, to classify the visual elements used to express aggression in the same context. To this end, a corpus consisting of replies to fifteen posts by Pedro Sánchez was compiled for analysis. The results and conclusions obtained from examining the patterns identified in the use of an aggressive stance on X were then used to develop a multimodal classification of aggressive language in an effort to understand how aggressive interactions are constructed and implemented on social media.

本文在分析X（以前的Twitter）上实际的、自然发生的攻击性语言的基础上，提出了一个分类建议，同时考虑到评价理论中的不同类型的影响和图像在数字话语中的功能。在这个框架内，本研究进行分析的目的首先是对社交媒体平台X上对西班牙首相帖子的回复中攻击性语言的使用进行分类，以揭示所使用语言的任何模式和差异，其次，对在相同背景下用于表达攻击性的视觉元素进行分类。为此，编制了Pedro Sánchez对15篇文章的回复语料库以供分析。通过检查在X上使用攻击性立场的模式所获得的结果和结论，然后用于开发攻击性语言的多模态分类，以努力理解攻击性互动是如何在社交媒体上构建和实施的。

引用次数: 0

“Uh, I'm a pretty sick guy”: The dialogue of American Psycho in fiction and film “呃，我是一个相当恶心的家伙”：小说和电影中的美国精神病对话

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.05.007

Aja Čelhar, Monika Kavalir

This paper examines how dialogue in Bret Easton Ellis's novel American Psycho (1991) serves to project the identity of its controversial protagonist Patrick Bateman. A comparison with the dialogue in Mary Harron's film adaptation (2000) further highlights the importance of dialogue for characterisation by analysing how changes in Bateman's conversational behaviour on screen result in a different interpretation of the character. A pragmastylistic analysis reveals that dialogues are characterised by a strong discrepancy between their form and their content. While Conversation Analysis exposes few irregularities in the turn-taking structure of the dialogues, a Gricean pragmatic analysis confirms the impression that the content of the dialogues is often vapid – the participants fail to establish a meaningful connection with one another through a cooperative exchange of information. Bateman tries to disrupt the vapid interaction by confessing ever more openly to his killing sprees in a desperate attempt to establish some genuine contact. However, as the dialogues maintain the semblance of conversation, his shocking confessions go completely unnoticed. A scene-based analysis of the film, complete with a multimodal transcript, provides an insight into how the reduction of Bateman's deviances significantly alters his characterisation.

本文考察了布雷特·伊斯顿·埃利斯的小说《美国精神病患者》（1991）中的对话是如何塑造其备受争议的主人公帕特里克·贝特曼的身份的。通过与玛丽·哈伦（Mary Harron） 2000年改编的电影中的对话进行比较，分析贝特曼在银幕上的对话行为变化如何导致对角色的不同解读，进一步强调了对话对人物塑造的重要性。语用文体学分析表明，对话的特点是形式与内容之间存在着强烈的差异。虽然《对话分析》揭示了对话的轮流结构中很少有不规则之处，但格里安语用分析证实了对话的内容通常是乏味的——参与者无法通过合作的信息交换与彼此建立有意义的联系。贝特曼试图打破这种乏味的互动，他更公开地承认自己的杀戮狂潮，绝望地试图建立一些真正的联系。然而，由于对话保持着对话的表象，他令人震惊的忏悔完全没有被注意到。基于场景的电影分析，完成了多模态文字记录，提供了一个洞察贝特曼的偏差的减少如何显着改变了他的性格。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic interplay of social variables in request strategies of workplace e-mails 职场电子邮件请求策略中社会变量的动态相互作用

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.05.008

Gayeong Jung, Hikyoung Lee

This study explores how contextual and situational factors shape linguistic politeness used in English request e-mails, with a focus on the workplace setting. More specifically, it investigates how sociopragmatic variables associated with the speech act of request—such as rights, obligations, and hierarchical rank—influence (in)directness and selection of substrategies. A systematically operationalized Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was administered to Korean corporate employees who use English as a foreign language, as well as native American employees, across six comparable e-mailing scenarios. These scenarios varied by three levels of hierarchical rank (equal, low, high) and two degrees of imposition (low, high). The findings revealed the significance of degree of imposition and insignificance of hierarchical rank, along with the occurrence of the interaction between the two. Furthermore, degree of imposition emerged as a more decisive factor than hierarchical rank, with the task-oriented nature of workplace efficiency playing a crucial role.

本研究探讨了语境和情景因素如何塑造英语请求电子邮件中使用的语言礼貌，重点是工作场所的设置。更具体地说，它研究了与请求的言语行为相关的社会实用变量（如权利、义务和等级等级）如何影响直接性和子策略的选择。在六种可比较的电子邮件场景中，对使用英语作为外语的韩国企业员工和美国本土员工进行了系统操作的话语完成测试（DCT）。这些情况有三个等级等级（相等、低、高）和两个等级（低、高）。研究发现，强加程度的显著性和等级等级的不显著性，以及两者之间的相互作用的发生。此外，强制程度成为比等级等级更具有决定性的因素，工作场所效率的任务导向性质起着至关重要的作用。

引用次数: 0

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.05.004

Zhou-min Yuan, Jinjing Xv

引用次数: 0

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.05.005

Karin Aijmer

引用次数: 0

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