Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based ensemble models for prediction of gender-based management competencies in an electromagnetic radiation digitally enhanced learning environments among secondary schools principals","authors":"Abdullahi Usman Jalingo ,&nbsp;Hisham M. Almongy ,&nbsp;Engin Baysen ,&nbsp;Nusaiba Ahmed Abdullahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research indicates that women executives, particularly in industrialized countries, are more involved and dedicated to accomplishing organizational goals than men in schools and other organizations. The increasing adoption of digitized education in secondary schools also introduces new environmental factors, including electromagnetic fields (EMFs) which potentially contributes to increased cognitive load. While, the potential impact of these factors on leadership, especially women remain a growing global concern. Also, Gender-based adaptability and its effects on core management competencies in this increasingly digitized context remain underexplored. Nonetheless, the lack of educational possibilities in most African nations hinders women's advancement, and even if they do receive an education, they are sometimes denied the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities like men. This study investigates the impact of gender on school principals' managerial competencies by employing four artificial intelligence-based algorithms: AdaBoost, Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Utilizing 1082 data samples from the study region, the four AI models were trained and validated, each achieving strong predictive performance in assessing the gender-based variation in school principals' managerial skills. The accuracy scores were highest for Random Forest (&gt;0.97), followed by AdaBoost (&gt;0.95), SVM (&gt;0.93), and KNN (&gt;0.92). Results indicated that gender does not significantly influence principals' ability to cultivate a positive school culture, apply robust assessment methods, or promote instructional effectiveness. Additionally, the results revealed that the most crucial managerial abilities required of a school principal were instructional and curriculum development, communication, supervision, and motivational skills. However, the results found financial management skills to have little impact on principals' managerial abilities compared to other parameters. To solve the problems of gender disparity, the research suggests that principals receive specialized managerial skills training and be chosen based on their abilities rather than their gender, and suggest direction for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear implantation outcomes in patients with auditory neuropathy and internal auditory canal stenosis","authors":"Xuhui Liu ,&nbsp;Mengdi Hong ,&nbsp;Fei Ji ,&nbsp;Jianan Li ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Auditory neuropathy, coupled with internal auditory canal stenosis, presents unique challenges for hearing restoration. Advances in cochlear implantation technology have enabled improved auditory and speech perception outcomes in affected patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in enhancing hearing and speech perception in patients diagnosed with auditory neuropathy and internal auditory canal stenosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen patients diagnosed with auditory neuropathy and internal auditory canal stenosis underwent cochlear implantation at our institution. Pre- and post-operative assessments included behavioral or pure-tone audiometry to assess hearing thresholds, supplemented by objective measures including auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and 40 Hz objective threshold testing. Mandarin Early Speech Perception (MESP) testing, and IT-MAIS/MAIS scoring. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and at six months, one year, and two years post-implant activation. Statistical comparisons between pre- and post-operative outcomes were performed using paired t-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After six months of activation, all patients showed significant improvements in behavioral or pure-tone audiometry and ASSR testing (P &lt; 0.05). MESP testing revealed that all patients passed Level 1, with 53.8 % reaching Level 2, and higher levels achieved progressively over two years. Notably, the proportion of patients passing Level 4 increased dramatically from 7.7 % at six months to 53.8 % at one year and 92.3 % at two years, 53.8 % reached Level 5, and 23 % completed Level 6. IT-MAIS/MAIS scores significantly improved at six months post-activation (P &lt; 0.05) and continued to increase after one and two years, demonstrating enhanced auditory and speech perception capabilities over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Technology-driven cochlear implantation substantially enhances auditory and speech perception capabilities in patients with auditory neuropathy and internal auditory canal stenosis. These findings establish the substantial therapeutic efficacy of cochlear implantation for this patient population and its potential for broader application in audiological rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing lung cancer diagnosis through computed tomography: A radiological perspective","authors":"Yazeed I. Alashban","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Lung cancer remains a major global health burden with high mortality rates, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and limitations in accessible, rapid screening techniques. This study proposes a novel deep learning framework leveraging a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Random Forest classification (RF) mode (CNN-LSTM-RF) architecture for the automated detection and classification of lung cancer using radiological Computed Tomography (CT) scan imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>For this study, DICOM (.dcm) images were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) containing a total of 355 subjects and a total of 251,135 CT scan images which was divided into 4 major classes of Adenocarcinoma, Small Cell Carcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Carcinoma. However, the study uses 249 out of 355 sample patient files containing only lung CT datasets, ignoring all other irrelevant or mixed radiology scans. Moreover, the Large Cell Carcinoma class had a very less sample size (5 patients), and thus was omitted from this study, leaving behind a total sample size of 244 patients which was considered for classification. These slices were normalized and resized to a consistent input dimension after which data augmentation (including rotations, flips, and intensity shifts) was applied to balance the dataset across classes. A custom hybrid CNN was integrated with LSTM for temporal encoding across CT slice sequences, followed by RF classification. At a distribution ratio of 70:20:10, the data was separated into training, testing, and validation datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The custom CNN-LSTM-RF model classified three cancer types – Adenocarcinoma, Small Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma – with a validation accuracy of 97 % and an AUC exceeding 0.95 indicating a well-balanced and highly effective model. In addition to lung cancer classification, histological grading was evaluated among smoking patients, revealing that even aggressive G3 tumors do not occur with excessively higher frequency in smokers, suggesting multifactorial etiologies of lung cancer. Moreover, Early, Intermediate, and Advanced Stage T-Stage tumors were also graphically represented for different age groups. This framework demonstrates promising clinical potential for early-stage lung cancer detection, offering a scalable tool to support radiologists and reduce diagnostic delays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric comparison of three sequential intensity-modulated radiotherapy planning methods in the Monaco system for postoperative left-sided breast cancer: A planning study","authors":"Lu Fu ,&nbsp;Pan Liu ,&nbsp;Xingtai Yang ,&nbsp;Lianhua Xiao ,&nbsp;Chaohui Long ,&nbsp;Qingping Liao ,&nbsp;Changwen Mei ,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate dosimetric differences among three distinct sequential radiotherapy planning techniques within the Monaco treatment planning system for patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cohort of 31 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer was selected. A baseline initial-phase treatment plan was created for each patient. Subsequently, second-phase sequential plans were designed using three different methods: Bias Plan, Sum Plan, and Rx Plan. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the dose distribution and various planning parameters was conducted using the three methods.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A comparative analysis of the three treatment plans revealed statistically significant differences in the dosimetric quality of the PTVboost (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The metrics assessed were the near-maximum dose (D2 %), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI). The Bias Plan was found to be superior, demonstrating a significantly higher CI (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) and lower D2 % and HI values (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) than Sum and Rx Plans. Compared directly with the Sum Plan, the Bias Plan improved the CI by 8.6 % and the HI by 5.3 %. Therefore, the Bias Plan provided a more optimal dose distribution with enhanced conformity and homogeneity. An analysis of the dose to organs at risk (OARs) demonstrated significant inter-plan variations (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) for several key metrics: heart D_mean and V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt;, left lung D_mean, right lung V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt;, and spinal cord D_max. In subsequent pairwise analyses, the Bias Plan consistently demonstrated superior sparing of the OARs. The V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt; of the heart was reduced by 2.5 % compared to the Sum Plan and 3.4 % compared to the Rx Plan. Similarly, the mean dose to the ipsilateral (left) lung decreased by 1.0 % and 1.7 %, while the maximum spinal cord dose decreased by 8.2 % and 6.9 % compared to Sum and Rx Plans, respectively. A comparison between Bias and Sum Plans exhibited a statistically significant advantage in heart V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.047), although the difference in D_mean was not significant. The analysis also identified that the Rx Plan delivered a significantly higher V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt; to the right lung than the Sum Plan (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.040). Analysis of dose to normal tissue revealed that the Bias Plan provided the best sparing, with significantly lower irradiated volumes across a range of low-to-intermediate dose levels (V&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt;–V&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Gy&lt;/sub&gt;) than the other plans (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Specifically, the Rx Plan increased the average irradiated normal tissue volume by 2.9 % compared to the Bias Plan. However, this dosimetric advantage was associated with increased plan complexity and reduced delivery effic","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified sine Weibull distribution with applications to finance and radiation sectors","authors":"Yen Liang Tung ,&nbsp;Gaber Sallam Salem Abdalla ,&nbsp;M.M. Abd El-Raouf ,&nbsp;M.A. El-Qurashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel approach that utilizes a familiar trigonometric function with the aim of enhancing the descriptions of real-world events. The presented method mainly relies on the sine function and is henceforth referred to as the modified sine-<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span> (MS-<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span>) approach. The MS-<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span> method updates the data analysis tools by providing a more precise representation of practical data sets. In our case study, we utilize the MS-<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span> method on the Weibull distribution leading to a new model termed the modified sine-Weibull (MS-Weibull) distribution. We investigate different mathematical characteristics of the MS-Weibull distribution, with particular emphasis on its quantile function, which is crucial for generating random variates and defining quartiles as well as percentiles We also carry out the mathematical derivations of point estimators for the MS-Weibull distribution. The derived estimators are further evaluated through simulation studies under various parameter values. To validate the MS-Weibull distribution, we analyze two data sets, taken from the finance and radiation fields. Our investigations using numerical and visual methods show that the MS-Weibull distribution repeatedly offers the best results based on specific criteria for assessing the goodness of fit of the model to the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new heavy-tailed distribution: Its heavy-tailed characteristics with implementations in the radiation and music engineering","authors":"Yuyun Huang ,&nbsp;Salah Eldden Omer Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing the significant influence that data analysis tools have in diverse fields, we present an innovative analytical approach to enhance and expand the existing variety of distribution methods. Our work centers on combining the inverse Lomax distribution with a recognized distributional approach, leading to what we call the new heavy-tailed inverse Lomax (NHTI-Lomax) distribution. The NHTI-Lomax distribution is able to capture the key characteristics linked to heavy-tailed distributions. This fact is supported by both visual illustrations and thorough mathematical proof. The identifiability features and the heavy-tailed characteristics of the NHTI-Lomax distribution are thoroughly examined and mathematically verified. Furthermore, we obtain the maximum likelihood estimators relevant to this distribution. Additionally, we conduct an analysis of the NHTI-Lomax distribution’s effectiveness with simulated data, allowing us to assess its practical relevance and performance across different situations. In practical terms, the significance of the NHTI-Lomax distribution is evaluated using perspectives from real-world data. The first application pertains to music engineering. While, the second application focuses on the field of radiation sciences. By employing certain established information criteria, we show that the NHTI-Lomax distribution outperforms certain alternative distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell toxicity test, biocompatibility study and clinical study of juguang®-18HF polysulfone membrane dialyzer","authors":"Chen Yun ,&nbsp;Xiaofan He ,&nbsp;Lifeng Yang ,&nbsp;Suhua Xu ,&nbsp;Yunyi Li ,&nbsp;Huiyi Zeng ,&nbsp;Xianggeng Chi ,&nbsp;Ao-ieong Chi-Wa ,&nbsp;Boxun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoheng Song ,&nbsp;Zhangzhang Xiao ,&nbsp;Wenyu Gong ,&nbsp;Jingxian Huang ,&nbsp;Donghao He ,&nbsp;Ting Xie ,&nbsp;Yong Dai ,&nbsp;Donge Tang ,&nbsp;Hongming Zhou ,&nbsp;Zigan Xu ,&nbsp;Lianghong Yin ,&nbsp;Aiyun Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of polysulfone hollow fiber dialyzers, while observing clinical efficacy, in order to provide a basis for preclinical and clinical research on polyethersulfone hollow fiber dialyzers for clinical application.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four JUGUANG®-18HF dialyzers produced by polyether sulfone hollow fiber dialysis membrane produced by 3M Company were used for cytotoxicity test, in vitro mammalian cell chromosome aberration test, subchronic systemic toxicity test and clinical test. And observe clinical biocompatibility and efficacy through self-cross-validation non-inferiority verification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All animal and cell experiments showed that the cytotoxicity score of the treatment group was 0 points compared to the control group. According to the standard, the cytotoxicity and reaction degree were deemed as non-cytotoxic. Biochemical tests showed no statistical differences in any indicators. Clinical observations noted that blood samples were drawn from the arterial end of the vascular access before dialysis, 15 min after the start of dialysis, and at the end of dialysis. Routine blood tests, fragmented red blood cell analysis, and changes in CRP and liver function before and after dialysis were all found to be normal. The clearance and decline rates of BUN and Cr, as well as changes in electrolytes, showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group in Parazacco spilurus subsp. spilurus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The JUGUANG®-18HF hollow fiber dialyzer with polyether sulfone membrane produced by 3M company showed that it was in compliance with the regulations in cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration of mammalian cells in vitro and subchronic systemic toxicity test. Clinical studies showed that it had good biocompatibilityand clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-modal machine learning framework for automated osteoporosis diagnosis from knee X-rays: Emphasizing reproducibility, clinical utility via DCA, and nomogram construction","authors":"Zhifei Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive, automated diagnostic framework for osteoporosis using knee X-ray imaging by integrating radiomic features, deep learning-derived features, and clinical variables, and to validate its clinical applicability through a multi-center dataset.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective, multi-center study was conducted with 3265 knee X-ray images collected from eight imaging centers. Radiomic features (n = 107) were extracted using PyRadiomics, and deep features were obtained from EfficientNetB0 and Vision Transformer models. Feature reproducibility was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and features with ICC &gt;0.75 were retained. LASSO regression was applied for feature selection, while fused features underwent dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) before selection. Machine learning models including XGBoost, Random Forest, SVM, and Logistic Regression were trained and validated using cross-validation on training (80 %) and internal test (20 %) splits, with an independent external test cohort for final evaluation. Interpretability was assessed via attention maps. A final clinical nomogram was constructed by incorporating fused imaging scores with key clinical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The fused feature model achieved the best performance, with XGBoost yielding an AUC-ROC of 95.7 % in training, 95.0 % in internal validation, and 94.3 % in external testing. Vision Transformer features alone outperformed EfficientNetB0 and radiomics, but fusion consistently enhanced predictive ability. The nomogram demonstrated strong calibration and clinical utility in Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Attention maps confirmed the alignment of model focus with radiologically relevant regions, supporting interpretability and clinical integration potential.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The proposed multi-modal framework offers a robust, interpretable, and clinically applicable tool for osteoporosis screening from knee X-rays. Prospective validation and expansion into fracture risk prediction are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo1 drives microgravity-induced ANP secretion via calcium-JNK/c-Jun signaling in primary rat atrial cardiomyocytes","authors":"Jiao Sun ,&nbsp;Nana Zhu ,&nbsp;Tianlun Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Guo ,&nbsp;Hongtao Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Weightlessness exposure during spaceflight induces cardiovascular deconditioning, including orthostatic intolerance (PSOI) upon re-exposure to gravity, partly attributed to dysregulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. While ANP elevation occurs acutely in microgravity, the upstream mechanosensitive pathways regulating this response remain poorly understood. This study investigated the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 and the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in ANP regulation under simulated weightlessness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Primary rat atrial cardiomyocytes were exposed to simulated microgravity (SM) using a rotary cell culture system. Experimental groups included: Control, SM, SM treated with the stretch-activated channel (SAC) inhibitor streptomycin (STR), SM treated with the JNK inhibitor SP600125, SM with Piezo1 knockdown via lentiviral shRNA (performed prior to SM exposure), and normal gravity treated with the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1. ANP expression, JNK/c-Jun pathway activation, Piezo1 expression, and intracellular calcium levels were assessed using Western blot, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SM significantly increased ANP expression and activated the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Both STR and SP600125 suppressed SM-induced JNK phosphorylation and ANP upregulation. SM also increased Piezo1 expression and intracellular calcium. Piezo1 knockdown effectively prevented SM-induced JNK/c-Jun activation, ANP upregulation, and the increase in intracellular calcium, achieving an effect comparable to that of STR and SP600125. Conversely, Yoda1, a Piezo1 activator, mimicked the SM response under normal gravity by activating JNK/c-Jun and increasing ANP expression. STR inhibited SM-induced upregulation of Piezo1 expression. SP600125 blocked JNK/c-Jun activation and ANP upregulation but failed to prevent SM-induced calcium elevation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Short-term simulated weightlessness upregulates ANP expression in atrial cardiomyocytes via activation of the Piezo1 channel. Piezo1 mediates this effect by increasing intracellular calcium and subsequently activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. These findings identify Piezo1 as a critical upstream mechanosensor for microgravity-induced ANP dysregulation and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating associated cardiovascular deconditioning, such as PSOI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris extract and neem seed oil as antifungal agents and plant growth promoters against Fusarium oxysporum in maize","authors":"Abeer M. Mohammad ,&nbsp;Omaymah A. Radwan ,&nbsp;Ashjan F. Khalel ,&nbsp;Alia A. Al-Alfard ,&nbsp;Alsayed E. Mekky ,&nbsp;Eslam Abdelhakim Seyam","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.102093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> is a devastating soil-borne pathogen causing vascular wilt in numerous crops, including maize, leading to significant economic losses. The overreliance on chemical fungicides necessitates the exploration of sustainable biocontrol agents. Microalgae like <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and botanicals like neem (<em>Azadirachta indica</em>) represent promising, eco-friendly sources of antifungal compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The antifungal efficacy of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and neem seed extracts was evaluated through <em>in vitro</em> assays and <em>in vivo</em> greenhouse experiments on maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) plants. The treated fungi were also imaged using an electron microscope, and the effects of various treatments were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>C. vulgaris</em> extract exhibited a highly antagonistic effect <em>in vitro</em> and restricted the mycelia of <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> by 54.6 %, followed by Neem seed oil extract (29.5 %). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited acute morphological damage to fungal hyphae. <em>In Vivo,</em> neem seed oil extract was the most efficient in reducing disease incidence (20 %). On the other hand, the disease incidence with the algal extract reached 40 % as compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, both extracts significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, including plant height, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight, in infected maize plants compared to the untreated control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms that <em>C. vulgaris</em> extract and neem seed oil are effective bio-fungicides against <em>F. oxysporum</em>, with the former showing superior direct antifungal activity <em>in vitro</em> and the latter demonstrating higher efficacy in reducing disease incidence in plants. Their dual role as antifungal agents and plant growth promoters makes them excellent candidates for integrated pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}