Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109852
L. Windholz , S. Kröger , J. Ruczkowski , M. Elantkowska
Recently, revised energy values of the Nb II levels have been published, based on precise determinations of the center of gravity (cg) wavenumbers of 1121 spectral lines [ADNDT 159 (2024) 101664]. For finding the cg wave numbers for lines with widely spread hyperfine (hf) structure patterns it is necessary to know the hf constants of the involved energy levels, which are also revised or new determined in this paper. Based on these results, new semi-empirical studies of the fine- and hf-structure of Nb II were published [JQSRT 344 (2025) 109512 and 346 (2025) 109583]. In the ADNDT-paper, experimental A-values of 349 levels are given. For the majority of the levels the semi-empirically determined A-values agree well with the experimental ones, but for 28 levels a conspicuous deviation can be noticed. In the present work we tried to clarify these discrepancies. For 14 of these 28 levels revised A-values are given. For the remaining 14 levels the previously published experimental values were retained.
{"title":"Re-evaluation and clarification of discrepancies in hyperfine structure constants of Nb II based on experimental and semi-empirical data","authors":"L. Windholz , S. Kröger , J. Ruczkowski , M. Elantkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, revised energy values of the Nb II levels have been published, based on precise determinations of the center of gravity (cg) wavenumbers of 1121 spectral lines [ADNDT 159 (2024) 101664]. For finding the cg wave numbers for lines with widely spread hyperfine (hf) structure patterns it is necessary to know the hf constants of the involved energy levels, which are also revised or new determined in this paper. Based on these results, new semi-empirical studies of the fine- and hf-structure of Nb II were published [JQSRT 344 (2025) 109512 and 346 (2025) 109583]. In the ADNDT-paper, experimental <em>A</em>-values of 349 levels are given. For the majority of the levels the semi-empirically determined <em>A</em>-values agree well with the experimental ones, but for 28 levels a conspicuous deviation can be noticed. In the present work we tried to clarify these discrepancies. For 14 of these 28 levels revised <em>A</em>-values are given. For the remaining 14 levels the previously published experimental values were retained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109834
Gérard Gouesbet , Leonardo A. Ambrosio , Jhonas O. de Sarro
We discuss a synthesis between (i) a generic formulation of generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (more generally of arbitrary light scattering theories) for an arbitrary scatterer illuminated by one laser pulse and (ii) a polychromatic generalized Lorenz–Mie theory in the strict sense, i.e. for a spherical homogeneous spherical particle, illuminated by several polychromatic non-continuous beams. The synthesis then takes the form of generic polychromatic light scattering theories for particles of arbitrary shapes and morphologies illuminated by several laser pulses, or train of pulses. Although the present work is discussed in an electromagnetic framework, it can be adapted to scalar, in particular acoustical, scattering.
{"title":"Generic polychromatic light scattering theories for particles of arbitrary shapes and morphologies illuminated by laser pulses","authors":"Gérard Gouesbet , Leonardo A. Ambrosio , Jhonas O. de Sarro","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We discuss a synthesis between (i) a generic formulation of generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (more generally of arbitrary light scattering theories) for an arbitrary scatterer illuminated by one laser pulse and (ii) a polychromatic generalized Lorenz–Mie theory in the strict sense, i.e. for a spherical homogeneous spherical particle, illuminated by several polychromatic non-continuous beams. The synthesis then takes the form of generic polychromatic light scattering theories for particles of arbitrary shapes and morphologies illuminated by several laser pulses, or train of pulses. Although the present work is discussed in an electromagnetic framework, it can be adapted to scalar, in particular acoustical, scattering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109833
Nikolai F. Zobov , Irina I. Mizus , Roman I. Ovsyannikov , Mikhail A. Rogov , Jonathan Tennyson , Marco Pezzella , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Robert R. Gamache , Oleg L. Polyansky
Water line list UCLH2O296 for HITRAN database has been calculated using the new global composite potential energy surface, named PES40K, obtained similarly as POKAZATEL PES by improving 246 polynomial coefficients. Nuclear motion calculations were performed using DVR3D in Radau coordinates.The PES optimization procedure was based on a method proposed by Yurchenko et al. which optimizes simultaneously with respect to both empirical energy levels and ab initio energies. Transition Intensities for the UCLH2O296 line list were computed using the ab initio CKAPTEN DMS of Conway et al. Our calculation gave 477 395 transitions up to 44500 cm−1 involving 241 234 states with 26. To label the energy levels with rovibrational quantum numbers , , , , , and , a complex procedure as a combination of 5 methods ((A) Wavefunction contribution, (B) Nodes counting, (C) Modified Hose–Taylor method, (D) Labeling merging and correction, (E) Correction by dependencies) is developed and applied to a line list. Vibrational labeling using the Wavefunction contribution method (TROVE program) is more accurate, while rotational labeling is more accurate using the modified Hose–Taylor method. At total of 92 035 levels are now labeled by , and quantum numbers, and 48 440 of these 92 035 levels were labeled fully by , , , and . Line shape coefficients are a result of a “diet” procedure. Comparisons with existing HO line lists are given.
{"title":"An assigned room temperature line list for H216O","authors":"Nikolai F. Zobov , Irina I. Mizus , Roman I. Ovsyannikov , Mikhail A. Rogov , Jonathan Tennyson , Marco Pezzella , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Robert R. Gamache , Oleg L. Polyansky","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water line list UCLH2O296 for HITRAN database has been calculated using the new global composite potential energy surface, named PES40K, obtained similarly as POKAZATEL PES by improving 246 polynomial coefficients. Nuclear motion calculations were performed using DVR3D in Radau coordinates.The PES optimization procedure was based on a method proposed by Yurchenko et al. which optimizes simultaneously with respect to both empirical energy levels and ab initio energies. Transition Intensities for the UCLH2O296 line list were computed using the ab initio CKAPTEN DMS of Conway et al. Our calculation gave 477 395 transitions up to 44500 cm<sup>−1</sup> involving 241 234 states with <span><math><mi>J</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 26. To label the energy levels with rovibrational quantum numbers <span><math><mi>J</mi></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, a complex procedure as a combination of 5 methods ((A) Wavefunction contribution, (B) Nodes counting, (C) Modified Hose–Taylor method, (D) Labeling merging and correction, (E) Correction by <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> dependencies) is developed and applied to a line list. Vibrational labeling using the Wavefunction contribution method (TROVE program) is more accurate, while rotational labeling is more accurate using the modified Hose–Taylor method. At total of 92 035 levels are now labeled by <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> quantum numbers, and 48 440 of these 92 035 levels were labeled fully by <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Line shape coefficients are a result of a “diet” procedure. Comparisons with existing H<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>O line lists are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 109833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109840
Simon Collignon , Brian Hays , Dimitri Lederer , Clément Lauzin
Accurate rest frequencies of torsion–rotation transitions of methanol in the centimeter wave are critical to challenge the standard model through probing hypothetical variation of fundamental constants over space and time. Even though microwave Fourier transform (FTMW) spectroscopy is a very mature technique, it fails to provide uncertainties below the kHz level and the characterization of these uncertainties remains scarce. Here, we employ a new FTMW spectrometer to measure and analyze the free induction decay (FID) signal of the 12.2 GHz torsion–rotation transition of methanol in the time domain. We discuss the systematic effects that induce a shift on the line center and quantify the associated corrections and uncertainties that pertain to the frequency estimate. The transition frequency was determined to be . This work not only provides a reference to further constrain the limit on hypothetical variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, but also compiles the many systematic effects that must be accounted for in general to accurately quantify the uncertainty of the frequency estimated from FID signals.
{"title":"Precision microwave spectroscopy in a Ku-band waveguide: The case study of the 12.2 GHz line of methanol","authors":"Simon Collignon , Brian Hays , Dimitri Lederer , Clément Lauzin","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate rest frequencies of torsion–rotation transitions of methanol in the centimeter wave are critical to challenge the standard model through probing hypothetical variation of fundamental constants over space and time. Even though microwave Fourier transform (FTMW) spectroscopy is a very mature technique, it fails to provide uncertainties below the kHz level and the characterization of these uncertainties remains scarce. Here, we employ a new FTMW spectrometer to measure and analyze the free induction decay (FID) signal of the 12.2 GHz torsion–rotation transition of methanol in the time domain. We discuss the systematic effects that induce a shift on the line center and quantify the associated corrections and uncertainties that pertain to the frequency estimate. The transition frequency was determined to be <span><math><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>178</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>596</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>106</mn><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>243</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>sys</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>Hz</mi></mrow></math></span>. This work not only provides a reference to further constrain the limit on hypothetical variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, but also compiles the many systematic effects that must be accounted for in general to accurately quantify the uncertainty of the frequency estimated from FID signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109839
Huayong Zhang , Zhenzhen Chen
For an incident plane electromagnetic wave, its scattering by an infinitely long circular cylinder near a plane interface between free space and a uniaxial anisotropic medium is investigated. The electromagnetic fields within different regions are expressed as expansions in terms of appropriate rectangular or cylindrical vector wave functions, and the unknown expansion coefficients are determined by the continuous boundary conditions. To examine the coupling scattering effects involving the circular cylinder and the plane interface, the transformations of rectangular and cylindrical vector wave functions are applied. Normalized scattering widths and polarization states of the scattered fields are calculated, and the scattering features are discussed briefly.
{"title":"Scattering of plane electromagnetic wave by a circular cylinder near a uniaxial anisotropic plane interface","authors":"Huayong Zhang , Zhenzhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For an incident plane electromagnetic wave, its scattering by an infinitely long circular cylinder near a plane interface between free space and a uniaxial anisotropic medium is investigated. The electromagnetic fields within different regions are expressed as expansions in terms of appropriate rectangular or cylindrical vector wave functions, and the unknown expansion coefficients are determined by the continuous boundary conditions. To examine the coupling scattering effects involving the circular cylinder and the plane interface, the transformations of rectangular and cylindrical vector wave functions are applied. Normalized scattering widths and polarization states of the scattered fields are calculated, and the scattering features are discussed briefly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109839"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109837
Kameswara S. Vinjamuri , Marco Vountas , Vladimir Rozanov , Luca Lelli , Hartmut Boesch , John P. Burrows
Accurate cloud phase classification in the near-infrared is challenging due to the overlapping radiative properties of water, ice, and mixed-phase clouds. This study presents a new composite Phase Classification Index (PCINIR,DV) for near-infrared satellite measurements in a dual-viewing geometry. The index is defined as the product of two physically derived components: (1) a spectral ratio of top-of-atmosphere radiances at 1.61 and 2.25 , which exploits the differences in absorption between water and ice, and (2) a directional ratio of 0.87 radiances from oblique and nadir views, which are influenced by scattering. Theoretical simulations using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model demonstrate that the PCINIR,DV effectively distinguishes between pure water and ice clouds, enabling mixed-phase clouds to be identified. Sensitivities are analyzed for ranges of particle sizes, ice fractions, and surface types. Theoretical results show that water clouds, excluding thin clouds over snow surfaces, exhibit high PCINIR,DV values (above 3.5), ice clouds yield low values (below 2.75), and intermediate values correspond to mixed-phase clouds. Validation of PCINIR,DV derived from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) dual-view observations (onboard Sentinel-3A) against CloudSat-CALIPSO phase classifications confirms its applicability, yielding 86% classification accuracy, including over 63% for mixed-phase clouds. The results demonstrate that PCINIR,DV provides a robust physical framework for dual-view satellite missions, which aim to measure the cloud phase.
{"title":"Sensitivity of near-infrared bands to cloud phase: An assessment using dual-view satellite measurements","authors":"Kameswara S. Vinjamuri , Marco Vountas , Vladimir Rozanov , Luca Lelli , Hartmut Boesch , John P. Burrows","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate cloud phase classification in the near-infrared is challenging due to the overlapping radiative properties of water, ice, and mixed-phase clouds. This study presents a new composite Phase Classification Index (PCI<sub>NIR,DV</sub>) for near-infrared satellite measurements in a dual-viewing geometry. The index is defined as the product of two physically derived components: (1) a spectral ratio of top-of-atmosphere radiances at 1.61 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and 2.25 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, which exploits the differences in absorption between water and ice, and (2) a directional ratio of 0.87 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> radiances from oblique and nadir views, which are influenced by scattering. Theoretical simulations using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model demonstrate that the PCI<sub>NIR,DV</sub> effectively distinguishes between pure water and ice clouds, enabling mixed-phase clouds to be identified. Sensitivities are analyzed for ranges of particle sizes, ice fractions, and surface types. Theoretical results show that water clouds, excluding thin clouds over snow surfaces, exhibit high PCI<sub>NIR,DV</sub> values (above 3.5), ice clouds yield low values (below 2.75), and intermediate values correspond to mixed-phase clouds. Validation of PCI<sub>NIR,DV</sub> derived from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) dual-view observations (onboard Sentinel-3A) against CloudSat-CALIPSO phase classifications confirms its applicability, yielding 86% classification accuracy, including over 63% for mixed-phase clouds. The results demonstrate that PCI<sub>NIR,DV</sub> provides a robust physical framework for dual-view satellite missions, which aim to measure the cloud phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109828
Prakash Gautam , Justin B. Maughan , Hans Moosmüller , Kurt Ehlers , Christopher M. Sorensen
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Study of Linear Depolarization Ratios Across a Wide Range of Scattering Angles for Particles of Diverse Sizes, Shapes, and Complex Refractive indices” [Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Volume 350, March 2026, 109761]","authors":"Prakash Gautam , Justin B. Maughan , Hans Moosmüller , Kurt Ehlers , Christopher M. Sorensen","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838
Jianhuang Lv , Wenli Zou , Xianhong Wang , Shaobo Tian , Kailong Ma , Lei Zhang , Xuexia Pang , Jie Yang
The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra in the visible region of 16,800 – 23,800 cm-1 and the dispersed fluorescence spectra of the gas-phase platinum monoxide (PtO) molecule have been investigated. Eight rotationally and isotopically resolved excitation bands are newly observed and assigned to the transitions from the ground X ³Σ⁻0+ state to five excited electronic states. Two components of the ground state and an excited ¹Δ2 state are distinguished in low-energy region. The rotational constants, band origins, and vibrational frequencies of all the observed states are obtained by rovibrational analysis. High-level ab initio calculations are performed on the Λ-S and Ω states below 30,000 cm-1 and are used to identify the observed transitions. Notably, nine Ω = 0⁺ states are predicted by calculations, and their energy distributions are in agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"A combined laser spectroscopic and theoretical study on the electronic structure of platinum monoxide (PtO)","authors":"Jianhuang Lv , Wenli Zou , Xianhong Wang , Shaobo Tian , Kailong Ma , Lei Zhang , Xuexia Pang , Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra in the visible region of 16,800 – 23,800 cm<sup>-1</sup> and the dispersed fluorescence spectra of the gas-phase platinum monoxide (PtO) molecule have been investigated. Eight rotationally and isotopically resolved excitation bands are newly observed and assigned to the transitions from the ground <em>X</em> ³Σ<sup>⁻</sup><sub>0+</sub> state to five excited electronic states. Two components of the ground state and an excited ¹Δ<sub>2</sub> state are distinguished in low-energy region. The rotational constants, band origins, and vibrational frequencies of all the observed states are obtained by rovibrational analysis. High-level <em>ab initio</em> calculations are performed on the <em>Λ-S</em> and Ω states below 30,000 cm<sup>-1</sup> and are used to identify the observed transitions. Notably, nine Ω = 0⁺ states are predicted by calculations, and their energy distributions are in agreement with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835
Yao Sun , Jingxin Zhang , Lan Wu , Chonghui Cheng , Weize Li , Kai Zhang , Xueping Wan , Wentai Chen , Zhiji Deng , Ming Liu , Miao Cheng , Zhewei Fu , Dong Liu
Observations of water cloud optical and microphysical properties are indispensable for quantifying its radiative forcing and improving predictions of climate change. In this paper, comparisons between two lidar-based techniques for water cloud detection, i.e., dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar (dual-FOV HSRL) and the polarized Mie-scattering lidar (PML), with consideration of multiple scattering effects are presented. The retrieval results from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with both techniques are compared, demonstrating that the extinction coefficient (αc) and effective radius (reff) retrieved by dual-FOV HSRL exhibit smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and relative bias values than those from PML under a typical water cloud scenario. A case study of the measurements performed with Zhejiang University high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud (ZJU-HSRL) system at Hangzhou, China, is presented, and the results show that the dual-FOV HSRL technique is a more stable and flexible approach for profiling realistic water cloud vertical structures, especially under the influence of dry air entrainment.
{"title":"Development of ZJU high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud: Comparison between dual-FOV HSRL and polarized lidar for water cloud detection","authors":"Yao Sun , Jingxin Zhang , Lan Wu , Chonghui Cheng , Weize Li , Kai Zhang , Xueping Wan , Wentai Chen , Zhiji Deng , Ming Liu , Miao Cheng , Zhewei Fu , Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Observations of water cloud optical and microphysical properties are indispensable for quantifying its radiative forcing and improving predictions of climate change. In this paper, comparisons between two lidar-based techniques for water cloud detection, i.e., dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar (dual-FOV HSRL) and the polarized Mie-scattering lidar (PML), with consideration of multiple scattering effects are presented. The retrieval results from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with both techniques are compared, demonstrating that the extinction coefficient (<em>α<sub>c</sub></em>) and effective radius (<em>r<sub>eff</sub></em>) retrieved by dual-FOV HSRL exhibit smaller root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>) and relative bias values than those from PML under a typical water cloud scenario. A case study of the measurements performed with Zhejiang University high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud (ZJU-HSRL) system at Hangzhou, China, is presented, and the results show that the dual-FOV HSRL technique is a more stable and flexible approach for profiling realistic water cloud vertical structures, especially under the influence of dry air entrainment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836
Oleg S. Ugolnikov
The simple 3-D radiative transfer model of the Earth’s atmosphere is developed for numerical comparison of direct solar radiation and limb scattering background at the definite middle or upper atmospheric layer during the deep twilight period. This model enables the quantification of the multiple scattering contribution in the field of high-altitude clouds, such as polar stratospheric and noctilucent clouds. This is the factor that can influence the results of altitude and microphysical particle study based on the approximation of single scattering. The possible errors caused by this effect are estimated together with the contribution of multiple scattering for different altitudes of the clouds, wavelengths, and solar zenith angles. The results are interpreted geometrically and optically, the color effects observed for noctilucent clouds are described.
{"title":"Multiple scattering effects in noctilucent clouds: Numerical estimation and application to altitude and particle size measurements","authors":"Oleg S. Ugolnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simple 3-D radiative transfer model of the Earth’s atmosphere is developed for numerical comparison of direct solar radiation and limb scattering background at the definite middle or upper atmospheric layer during the deep twilight period. This model enables the quantification of the multiple scattering contribution in the field of high-altitude clouds, such as polar stratospheric and noctilucent clouds. This is the factor that can influence the results of altitude and microphysical particle study based on the approximation of single scattering. The possible errors caused by this effect are estimated together with the contribution of multiple scattering for different altitudes of the clouds, wavelengths, and solar zenith angles. The results are interpreted geometrically and optically, the color effects observed for noctilucent clouds are described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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