Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109342
Afshin Moradi, Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailam
The present work explores the application of microwave remote sensing to distinguish between healthy and infested date palm trees, using a novel approach centered around the scattering to absorption width ratio (SAWR). Through comprehensive analytical formulations and numerical modeling, we investigate the interaction of palm trees with microwaves at oblique incidence, specifically at a frequency of 2.45 GHz (ISM-band). The study examines the behavior of TEz and TMz polarizations waves (relative to the z-axis), providing detailed analyses of their scattering and absorption characteristics as functions of incident angles. Our findings demonstrate that the SAWR metric is a promising indicator for assessing palm tree health, effectively differentiating between healthy and pest-infested trees. This research offers a non-destructive, real-time method for monitoring tree health, with significant implications for pest detection in agricultural practices.
{"title":"A new theoretical method for remotely assessing the health of date palm trees using the scattering/absorption ratio of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves","authors":"Afshin Moradi, Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailam","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109342","url":null,"abstract":"The present work explores the application of microwave remote sensing to distinguish between healthy and infested date palm trees, using a novel approach centered around the scattering to absorption width ratio (SAWR). Through comprehensive analytical formulations and numerical modeling, we investigate the interaction of palm trees with microwaves at oblique incidence, specifically at a frequency of 2.45 GHz (ISM-band). The study examines the behavior of TE<mml:math altimg=\"si6.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> and TM<mml:math altimg=\"si6.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> polarizations waves (relative to the <mml:math altimg=\"si8.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:math>-axis), providing detailed analyses of their scattering and absorption characteristics as functions of incident angles. Our findings demonstrate that the SAWR metric is a promising indicator for assessing palm tree health, effectively differentiating between healthy and pest-infested trees. This research offers a non-destructive, real-time method for monitoring tree health, with significant implications for pest detection in agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109340
Huiling Liu, Xingxing Han, Bei Zhao, Jing Shi, Le Zhu
To analyze the influence of eccentricity and the properties of a focused beam on the features of photonic jets (PJs) formed by an eccentrically coated sphere, light scattering of an eccentrically coated sphere illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam is investigated by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. Variations of internal and near-surface field distributions are calculated with the change of the core locations inside of the particle. Numerical results concerning the behaviors of PJs, including the position of maximum intensity, focal distance, value of peak intensity, and transversal dimension of PJ expressed by full width half maximum (FWHM), are presented. The results show that by properly tuning the location of core, the PJ parameters can be efficiently engineered. The PJs can also be further adjusted by varying the beam waist radius of the incident Gaussian beam, which provide an extra way to adjust the PJ patterns for a particle with fixed structure.
{"title":"Characteristics of photonic jet formed by an eccentrically coated dielectric sphere","authors":"Huiling Liu, Xingxing Han, Bei Zhao, Jing Shi, Le Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109340","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the influence of eccentricity and the properties of a focused beam on the features of photonic jets (PJs) formed by an eccentrically coated sphere, light scattering of an eccentrically coated sphere illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam is investigated by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. Variations of internal and near-surface field distributions are calculated with the change of the core locations inside of the particle. Numerical results concerning the behaviors of PJs, including the position of maximum intensity, focal distance, value of peak intensity, and transversal dimension of PJ expressed by full width half maximum (FWHM), are presented. The results show that by properly tuning the location of core, the PJ parameters can be efficiently engineered. The PJs can also be further adjusted by varying the beam waist radius of the incident Gaussian beam, which provide an extra way to adjust the PJ patterns for a particle with fixed structure.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109341
Chen Zhou, He Huang, Lei Bi
Geometric optics methods with intensity mapping have been widely used to calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented non-spherical particles with large size parameters, but the backscattering phase functions are often underestimated. The primary reason is that the coherent backscatter enhancement (CBE) is not addressed when the intensity mapping technique is used. In this paper, the phase difference between each pair of conjugate reversible rays is computed in the ray-tracing module of the improved geometric optics method (IGOM), and the effect of CBE is incorporated by considering the interference between conjugate rays. The phase functions of regular hexagons, roughened hexagons, and spheroids with different size parameters and refractive indices are simulated using both the original IGOM and the IGOM with CBE considered (IGOM-CBE), and the results are compared to rigorous numerical simulations that solve Maxwell's equations. The results show that the near-backscattering phase functions calculated with the IGOM-CBE are more consistent with rigorous numerical simulations for all cases, indicating that the paired ray-tracing process effectively improves the backscatter simulated by the geometric optics method.
{"title":"Simulation of backscattering phase function with the geometric optics method using a paired ray-tracing technique","authors":"Chen Zhou, He Huang, Lei Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109341","url":null,"abstract":"Geometric optics methods with intensity mapping have been widely used to calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented non-spherical particles with large size parameters, but the backscattering phase functions are often underestimated. The primary reason is that the coherent backscatter enhancement (CBE) is not addressed when the intensity mapping technique is used. In this paper, the phase difference between each pair of conjugate reversible rays is computed in the ray-tracing module of the improved geometric optics method (IGOM), and the effect of CBE is incorporated by considering the interference between conjugate rays. The phase functions of regular hexagons, roughened hexagons, and spheroids with different size parameters and refractive indices are simulated using both the original IGOM and the IGOM with CBE considered (IGOM-CBE), and the results are compared to rigorous numerical simulations that solve Maxwell's equations. The results show that the near-backscattering phase functions calculated with the IGOM-CBE are more consistent with rigorous numerical simulations for all cases, indicating that the paired ray-tracing process effectively improves the backscatter simulated by the geometric optics method.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109338
Luka Rajačić, Nikodin V. Nedić, Dejan Dojić, Miloš Skočić, Srdjan Bukvić
In this paper, we discuss the technical and numerical aspects related to a specific diagnostic tool, the Saha–Boltzmann plot, introduced in plasma spectroscopy by Yalcin et al. in 1999. The method has a clear physical background and requires only common spectroscopic data as input parameters. The output parameters are the electron temperature and the electron density of the investigated plasma. In this paper, we explain how to correctly estimate the uncertainties of electron temperature and electron density, regardless of whether the accuracy of the input parameters is known or not. In addition, we offer a computer program, as part of a free web service, that efficiently solves the ’Saha–Boltzmann plot’ task.
{"title":"Saha–Boltzmann method in plasma diagnostics: What can we obtain from a strict approach?","authors":"Luka Rajačić, Nikodin V. Nedić, Dejan Dojić, Miloš Skočić, Srdjan Bukvić","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109338","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the technical and numerical aspects related to a specific diagnostic tool, the Saha–Boltzmann plot, introduced in plasma spectroscopy by Yalcin et al. in 1999. The method has a clear physical background and requires only common spectroscopic data as input parameters. The output parameters are the electron temperature and the electron density of the investigated plasma. In this paper, we explain how to correctly estimate the uncertainties of electron temperature and electron density, regardless of whether the accuracy of the input parameters is known or not. In addition, we offer a computer program, as part of a free web service, that efficiently solves the ’Saha–Boltzmann plot’ task.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109329
Gérard Gouesbet, Leonardo A. Ambrosio, Jianqi Shen
On one hand, we consider two T-matrix theories, namely “Generalized Lorenz–Mie theory” (GLMT) and “Extended Boundary Condition Method” (EBCM), in which structured beams may be expanded over Vector Spherical Wave Functions (VSWFs), with expansion coefficients expressed by using electromagnetic Beam Shape Coefficients (BSCs). On the other hand, we consider acoustical (more generally scalar) fields which may be expressed similarly by an expansion over basic functions, with expansion coefficients expressed using acoustical (scalar) BSCs. We establish relationships between electromagnetic and scalar BSCs.
{"title":"On a relationship between acoustical (more generally scalar) beam shape coefficients and electromagnetic beam shape coefficients of some T-matrix theories for structured beams","authors":"Gérard Gouesbet, Leonardo A. Ambrosio, Jianqi Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109329","url":null,"abstract":"On one hand, we consider two T-matrix theories, namely “Generalized Lorenz–Mie theory” (GLMT) and “Extended Boundary Condition Method” (EBCM), in which structured beams may be expanded over Vector Spherical Wave Functions (VSWFs), with expansion coefficients expressed by using electromagnetic Beam Shape Coefficients (BSCs). On the other hand, we consider acoustical (more generally scalar) fields which may be expressed similarly by an expansion over basic functions, with expansion coefficients expressed using acoustical (scalar) BSCs. We establish relationships between electromagnetic and scalar BSCs.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109336
Zhao-Cheng Zeng
This study presents an information content analysis of the retrieval of global carbon monoxide (CO) from the 2nd generation of Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder on board Fengyun-3E (FY-3E/HIRAS-II), which is the world's first dawn-dusk orbiting meteorological satellite for civilian use with equatorial overpass times at about 5:30am/pm. Using the distinctive absorption features of CO around 2145 cm-1 in the infrared band, a retrieval algorithm based on optimal estimation is first developed to retrieve the CO profiles from FY-3E/HIRAS-II. The thermal contrast, defined as the temperature difference between the surface and the lower atmosphere, is then examined for the FY-3E/HIRAS-II observations to investigate the potential sensitivity of the observations. Retrievals of CO columns on four representative days over four seasons reveal strong enhancements from global wildfire emissions. Furthermore, the information content from the spectra, quantified by the degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), is assessed using the retrievals. The retrievals are compared with model simulations, which show good agreement. Finally, synthetic experiments are performed to investigate the impacts of thermal contrast and the vertical structure of wildfire-induced CO enhancement on the observational sensitivity. The result highlights the effectiveness of observing wildfire-induced CO enhancement during the dawn and dusk hours, even when thermal contrast conditions are not favorable. This study demonstrates the capability of FY-3E/HIRAS-II to monitor global CO, which sheds light on the potential benefits of adding dawn-dusk orbit observations to the current global air quality observations from mid-morning and early-afternoon orbit constellations.
本文对全球首颗民用黎明-黄昏轨道气象卫星风云- 3e （FY-3E/HIRAS-II）搭载的第二代高光谱红外大气探测仪（hras - ii）全球一氧化碳（CO）数据进行了信息含量分析。风云- 3e /HIRAS-II是全球首颗民用黎明-黄昏轨道气象卫星，赤道上空时间为上午/下午5:30左右。利用红外波段CO在2145 cm-1附近的独特吸收特征，提出了一种基于最优估计的检索算法，用于检索FY-3E/HIRAS-II的CO剖面。热对比，定义为地表和低层大气之间的温差，然后为FY-3E/HIRAS-II观测进行检查，以研究观测的潜在灵敏度。四个季节中四个代表性日的CO柱检索显示全球野火排放的强烈增强。此外，通过信号的自由度（DOFS）来量化光谱的信息含量，并利用检索结果进行评估。将反演结果与模型模拟结果进行了比较，结果吻合较好。最后，通过综合实验研究了热对比和野火诱导CO增强的垂直结构对观测灵敏度的影响。结果强调了在黎明和黄昏观测野火引起的CO增强的有效性，即使在热对比条件不利的情况下也是如此。这项研究证明了FY-3E/HIRAS-II监测全球CO的能力，这揭示了将黎明-黄昏轨道观测增加到目前从上午中期和下午早期轨道星座进行的全球空气质量观测的潜在好处。
{"title":"Global carbon monoxide retrieval from the hyperspectral infrared atmospheric sounder-II onboard FengYun-3E in a dawn-dusk sun-synchronous orbit","authors":"Zhao-Cheng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109336","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an information content analysis of the retrieval of global carbon monoxide (CO) from the 2<ce:sup loc=\"post\">nd</ce:sup> generation of Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder on board Fengyun-3E (FY-3E/HIRAS-II), which is the world's first dawn-dusk orbiting meteorological satellite for civilian use with equatorial overpass times at about 5:30am/pm. Using the distinctive absorption features of CO around 2145 cm-1 in the infrared band, a retrieval algorithm based on optimal estimation is first developed to retrieve the CO profiles from FY-3E/HIRAS-II. The thermal contrast, defined as the temperature difference between the surface and the lower atmosphere, is then examined for the FY-3E/HIRAS-II observations to investigate the potential sensitivity of the observations. Retrievals of CO columns on four representative days over four seasons reveal strong enhancements from global wildfire emissions. Furthermore, the information content from the spectra, quantified by the degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), is assessed using the retrievals. The retrievals are compared with model simulations, which show good agreement. Finally, synthetic experiments are performed to investigate the impacts of thermal contrast and the vertical structure of wildfire-induced CO enhancement on the observational sensitivity. The result highlights the effectiveness of observing wildfire-induced CO enhancement during the dawn and dusk hours, even when thermal contrast conditions are not favorable. This study demonstrates the capability of FY-3E/HIRAS-II to monitor global CO, which sheds light on the potential benefits of adding dawn-dusk orbit observations to the current global air quality observations from mid-morning and early-afternoon orbit constellations.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109333
Randika Dodangodage, Peter F. Bernath, Matthew Wyatt, Chris Boone
Indonesia’s Ruang volcano erupted on April 16, 2024, with subsequent eruptions on April 17 and 30. The resulting plume was observed rising to altitudes of up to 12 km. 10 days after the eruption of the Ruang volcano in April 2024, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observed notable increases in SO2 volume mixing ratios and aerosol extinction at an altitude of approximately 20 km. It was confirmed that the aerosols present were sulfate aerosols from their infrared spectra. The composition and size of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles were determined by fitting the infrared transmission spectra. The sulfate aerosols observed in the plume were about 64% (by weight) sulfuric acid, and the droplets had an average median radius of 0.127 μm.
{"title":"Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite observations of aerosols and SO[formula omitted] emissions from the 2024 Ruang volcanic eruption","authors":"Randika Dodangodage, Peter F. Bernath, Matthew Wyatt, Chris Boone","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109333","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia’s Ruang volcano erupted on April 16, 2024, with subsequent eruptions on April 17 and 30. The resulting plume was observed rising to altitudes of up to 12 km. 10 days after the eruption of the Ruang volcano in April 2024, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observed notable increases in SO<mml:math altimg=\"si9.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> volume mixing ratios and aerosol extinction at an altitude of approximately 20 km. It was confirmed that the aerosols present were sulfate aerosols from their infrared spectra. The composition and size of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles were determined by fitting the infrared transmission spectra. The sulfate aerosols observed in the plume were about 64% (by weight) sulfuric acid, and the droplets had an average median radius of 0.127 <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109337
Alexander E. Protasevich, Andrei V. Nikitin
Ro-vibrational energy levels of acetylene isotopologues are reported using variational nuclear motion calculations from empirically optimized full six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) in the ground electronic state. This surface is based on pure ab initio PES of H12C12CH which took into account the triple, quadruple and quintuple excitations as well as relativistic and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC). Variational calculations of the motion of nuclei for all isotopologues were carried out using one exact kinetic energy operator in which only the masses of the atoms were changed. Experimental values of 1529 ro-vibrational levels up to J = 10 of the main isotopologue were used to empirically adjust some 58 lower-order parameters of the PES. The unweighted average RMS for empirically optimized PES is 0.0953 cm−1. Ro-vibrational energy levels of H12C12CH, H13C13CH, D12C12CD, D13C13CD, H12C13CH, H12C12CD, H12C13CD, H13C12CD, D12C13CD up to J = 10 were calculated in the ground electronic state. Calculated ro-vibrational energy levels of H12C12CH, H13C13CH, D12C12CD, H12C13CH, H12C12CD isotopologues were compared with high precision empirical energy levels available in literature.
{"title":"Ro-vibrational levels of acetylene isotopologues calculated from new potential energy surface","authors":"Alexander E. Protasevich, Andrei V. Nikitin","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109337","url":null,"abstract":"Ro-vibrational energy levels of acetylene isotopologues are reported using variational nuclear motion calculations from empirically optimized full six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) in the ground electronic state. This surface is based on pure ab initio PES of H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CH which took into account the triple, quadruple and quintuple excitations as well as relativistic and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC). Variational calculations of the motion of nuclei for all isotopologues were carried out using one exact kinetic energy operator in which only the masses of the atoms were changed. Experimental values of 1529 ro-vibrational levels up to <ce:italic>J</ce:italic> = 10 of the main isotopologue were used to empirically adjust some 58 lower-order parameters of the PES. The unweighted average RMS for empirically optimized PES is 0.0953 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Ro-vibrational energy levels of H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CH, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CH, D<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CD, D<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CD, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CH, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CD, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CD, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CD, D<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CD up to <ce:italic>J</ce:italic> = 10 were calculated in the ground electronic state. Calculated ro-vibrational energy levels of H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CH, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CH, D<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CD, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>CH, H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>C<ce:sup loc=\"post\">12</ce:sup>CD isotopologues were compared with high precision empirical energy levels available in literature.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109330
Jaromír Petržala, Ladislav Kómar
Remote sensing of nighttime urban light emissions becomes a common part of light pollution modeling. Radiance data gathered by various satellites scanning the Earth surface serve as important inputs for estimating the upward luminous flux of a city, which then allows to evaluate the level of light pollution in its surroundings. The easiest way is to assume the measured radiance of a city pixel as belonging to its direct radiation. However, this radiance is ”contaminated” by scattered radiation coming from the light emitting surroundings of the pixel. In principle, this diffuse light contribution can influence the estimate of the emitted flux. In this paper, we developed a model to assess how important such a contribution can be for cities of different shapes and sizes. The numerical simulations for real city patterns obtained from the VIIRS-DNB database reveal, that scattered radiation could make up on average about 10%–20% of the total upward radiance of a pixel under quite obvious aerosol conditions. We have also derived two simplified models for idealized city patterns which enable relatively simple estimation of the diffuse radiation contribution without the need of complex simulations for realistic cities.
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Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109334
Bingqi Yi, Ruiyi Li, Zhiyong Yang
Accurate and reliable knowledge about how clouds with various layers and phases are vertically and horizontally distributed over the globe has been lacking, which hinders the understanding about the impacts of various sub-types of clouds. This study utilizes the cloud retrieval products from the CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations from 2007 to 2010 to analyze the global distributions of multi-layer and multi-phase clouds as well as their cloud radiative effects (CRE) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), at the surface, and within the atmosphere. We separate and aggregate cloudy satellite footprints by the number of cloud layers, and further consider the different combinations of cloud phases for the one-layer and multi-layer clouds. The globally averaged total cloud fraction is 72.52 %, with the one-layer and multi-layer clouds take up 49.39 % and 23.13 %, respectively. The one-layer water, ice, and mixed-phase cloud fractions are 21.93 %, 19.42 %, and 8.04 %, respectively. The two-layer and three-layer clouds most frequently occur with one ice layer at the top. The heights of cloud top and bottom as well as the cloud thickness are correspondingly derived for all sub-types of clouds. The globally averaged TOA net total CRE is −18.25 W m−2, with −14.63 W m−2 attributed to one-layer clouds and −3.62 W m−2 to multi-layer clouds. At the surface, the global annual average net total CRE is −25.01 W m−2, and the one-layer and multi-layer clouds contribute −17.24 W m−2 and −7.77 W m−2, respectively. Clouds generally exert a net heating effect within the atmosphere. Our findings provide valuable insights into the detailed layer and phase structures of clouds and could serve as the reference for evaluating cloud structure and radiation simulations.
关于具有不同层和阶段的云如何在全球垂直和水平分布的准确和可靠的知识一直缺乏，这阻碍了对各种子类型云的影响的理解。本研究利用2007 - 2010年CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星观测资料的云检索产品，分析了多层多相云的全球分布及其在大气顶部、地面和大气内部的云辐射效应（CRE）。我们根据云层的层数对卫星云足迹进行了分离和汇总，并进一步考虑了单层云和多层云的不同云相组合。全球平均总云量为72.52%，其中单层云量占49.39%，多层云量占23.13%。单层水、冰和混合相云组分分别为21.93%、19.42%和8.04%。两层和三层云最常见的情况是顶部有一层冰。各子类型云的云顶、云底高度和云厚相应得到。全球平均TOA净总CRE为−18.25 W m−2，其中−14.63 W m−2来自单层云，−3.62 W m−2来自多层云。在地表，全球年平均净总CRE为−25.01 W m−2，其中单层云和多层云分别贡献了−17.24 W m−2和−7.77 W m−2。云通常在大气中产生净加热效应。我们的发现提供了对云的详细层和相结构的有价值的见解，可以作为评估云结构和辐射模拟的参考。
{"title":"Global distributions of multi-layer and multi-phase clouds and their cloud radiative effects","authors":"Bingqi Yi, Ruiyi Li, Zhiyong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109334","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and reliable knowledge about how clouds with various layers and phases are vertically and horizontally distributed over the globe has been lacking, which hinders the understanding about the impacts of various sub-types of clouds. This study utilizes the cloud retrieval products from the CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations from 2007 to 2010 to analyze the global distributions of multi-layer and multi-phase clouds as well as their cloud radiative effects (CRE) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), at the surface, and within the atmosphere. We separate and aggregate cloudy satellite footprints by the number of cloud layers, and further consider the different combinations of cloud phases for the one-layer and multi-layer clouds. The globally averaged total cloud fraction is 72.52 %, with the one-layer and multi-layer clouds take up 49.39 % and 23.13 %, respectively. The one-layer water, ice, and mixed-phase cloud fractions are 21.93 %, 19.42 %, and 8.04 %, respectively. The two-layer and three-layer clouds most frequently occur with one ice layer at the top. The heights of cloud top and bottom as well as the cloud thickness are correspondingly derived for all sub-types of clouds. The globally averaged TOA net total CRE is −18.25 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>, with −14.63 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> attributed to one-layer clouds and −3.62 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> to multi-layer clouds. At the surface, the global annual average net total CRE is −25.01 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>, and the one-layer and multi-layer clouds contribute −17.24 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> and −7.77 W m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>, respectively. Clouds generally exert a net heating effect within the atmosphere. Our findings provide valuable insights into the detailed layer and phase structures of clouds and could serve as the reference for evaluating cloud structure and radiation simulations.","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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