Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838
Jianhuang Lv , Wenli Zou , Xianhong Wang , Shaobo Tian , Kailong Ma , Lei Zhang , Xuexia Pang , Jie Yang
The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra in the visible region of 16,800 – 23,800 cm-1 and the dispersed fluorescence spectra of the gas-phase platinum monoxide (PtO) molecule have been investigated. Eight rotationally and isotopically resolved excitation bands are newly observed and assigned to the transitions from the ground X ³Σ⁻0+ state to five excited electronic states. Two components of the ground state and an excited ¹Δ2 state are distinguished in low-energy region. The rotational constants, band origins, and vibrational frequencies of all the observed states are obtained by rovibrational analysis. High-level ab initio calculations are performed on the Λ-S and Ω states below 30,000 cm-1 and are used to identify the observed transitions. Notably, nine Ω = 0⁺ states are predicted by calculations, and their energy distributions are in agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"A combined laser spectroscopic and theoretical study on the electronic structure of platinum monoxide (PtO)","authors":"Jianhuang Lv , Wenli Zou , Xianhong Wang , Shaobo Tian , Kailong Ma , Lei Zhang , Xuexia Pang , Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra in the visible region of 16,800 – 23,800 cm<sup>-1</sup> and the dispersed fluorescence spectra of the gas-phase platinum monoxide (PtO) molecule have been investigated. Eight rotationally and isotopically resolved excitation bands are newly observed and assigned to the transitions from the ground <em>X</em> ³Σ<sup>⁻</sup><sub>0+</sub> state to five excited electronic states. Two components of the ground state and an excited ¹Δ<sub>2</sub> state are distinguished in low-energy region. The rotational constants, band origins, and vibrational frequencies of all the observed states are obtained by rovibrational analysis. High-level <em>ab initio</em> calculations are performed on the <em>Λ-S</em> and Ω states below 30,000 cm<sup>-1</sup> and are used to identify the observed transitions. Notably, nine Ω = 0⁺ states are predicted by calculations, and their energy distributions are in agreement with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835
Yao Sun , Jingxin Zhang , Lan Wu , Chonghui Cheng , Weize Li , Kai Zhang , Xueping Wan , Wentai Chen , Zhiji Deng , Ming Liu , Miao Cheng , Zhewei Fu , Dong Liu
Observations of water cloud optical and microphysical properties are indispensable for quantifying its radiative forcing and improving predictions of climate change. In this paper, comparisons between two lidar-based techniques for water cloud detection, i.e., dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar (dual-FOV HSRL) and the polarized Mie-scattering lidar (PML), with consideration of multiple scattering effects are presented. The retrieval results from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with both techniques are compared, demonstrating that the extinction coefficient (αc) and effective radius (reff) retrieved by dual-FOV HSRL exhibit smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and relative bias values than those from PML under a typical water cloud scenario. A case study of the measurements performed with Zhejiang University high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud (ZJU-HSRL) system at Hangzhou, China, is presented, and the results show that the dual-FOV HSRL technique is a more stable and flexible approach for profiling realistic water cloud vertical structures, especially under the influence of dry air entrainment.
{"title":"Development of ZJU high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud: Comparison between dual-FOV HSRL and polarized lidar for water cloud detection","authors":"Yao Sun , Jingxin Zhang , Lan Wu , Chonghui Cheng , Weize Li , Kai Zhang , Xueping Wan , Wentai Chen , Zhiji Deng , Ming Liu , Miao Cheng , Zhewei Fu , Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Observations of water cloud optical and microphysical properties are indispensable for quantifying its radiative forcing and improving predictions of climate change. In this paper, comparisons between two lidar-based techniques for water cloud detection, i.e., dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar (dual-FOV HSRL) and the polarized Mie-scattering lidar (PML), with consideration of multiple scattering effects are presented. The retrieval results from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with both techniques are compared, demonstrating that the extinction coefficient (<em>α<sub>c</sub></em>) and effective radius (<em>r<sub>eff</sub></em>) retrieved by dual-FOV HSRL exhibit smaller root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>) and relative bias values than those from PML under a typical water cloud scenario. A case study of the measurements performed with Zhejiang University high-spectral-resolution lidar for aerosol and cloud (ZJU-HSRL) system at Hangzhou, China, is presented, and the results show that the dual-FOV HSRL technique is a more stable and flexible approach for profiling realistic water cloud vertical structures, especially under the influence of dry air entrainment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836
Oleg S. Ugolnikov
The simple 3-D radiative transfer model of the Earth’s atmosphere is developed for numerical comparison of direct solar radiation and limb scattering background at the definite middle or upper atmospheric layer during the deep twilight period. This model enables the quantification of the multiple scattering contribution in the field of high-altitude clouds, such as polar stratospheric and noctilucent clouds. This is the factor that can influence the results of altitude and microphysical particle study based on the approximation of single scattering. The possible errors caused by this effect are estimated together with the contribution of multiple scattering for different altitudes of the clouds, wavelengths, and solar zenith angles. The results are interpreted geometrically and optically, the color effects observed for noctilucent clouds are described.
{"title":"Multiple scattering effects in noctilucent clouds: Numerical estimation and application to altitude and particle size measurements","authors":"Oleg S. Ugolnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simple 3-D radiative transfer model of the Earth’s atmosphere is developed for numerical comparison of direct solar radiation and limb scattering background at the definite middle or upper atmospheric layer during the deep twilight period. This model enables the quantification of the multiple scattering contribution in the field of high-altitude clouds, such as polar stratospheric and noctilucent clouds. This is the factor that can influence the results of altitude and microphysical particle study based on the approximation of single scattering. The possible errors caused by this effect are estimated together with the contribution of multiple scattering for different altitudes of the clouds, wavelengths, and solar zenith angles. The results are interpreted geometrically and optically, the color effects observed for noctilucent clouds are described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109830
Seda Kın Barka , İpek K. Öztürk , Feyza Güzelçimen , Günay Başar , Sophie Kröger , Gönül Başar
A hollow cathode discharge lamp, a tunable Ti-Sa laser and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine the hyperfine structure of atomic terbium. A total of 39 spectral lines in the wavelength range between 695 nm and 780 nm were examined. For 11 levels of even parity and 26 levels of odd parity, the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants , and the electric quadrupole hyperfine structure constants , were determined. For 13 of these levels, the hyperfine structure constants had not been previously published. Furthermore, for two levels, the hfs constants and from the literature were found to be completely different from our values. Given that our spectra had better resolution and sensitivity compared to the relevant literature source, and that our values were determined using two different lines, we consider our values to be the more reliable ones.
{"title":"New hyperfine structure data of atomic terbium measured by laser spectroscopic methods","authors":"Seda Kın Barka , İpek K. Öztürk , Feyza Güzelçimen , Günay Başar , Sophie Kröger , Gönül Başar","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hollow cathode discharge lamp, a tunable Ti-Sa laser and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine the hyperfine structure of atomic terbium. A total of 39 spectral lines in the wavelength range between 695 nm and 780 nm were examined. For 11 levels of even parity and 26 levels of odd parity, the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>, and the electric quadrupole hyperfine structure constants <span><math><mi>B</mi></math></span>, were determined. For 13 of these levels, the hyperfine structure constants had not been previously published. Furthermore, for two levels, the hfs constants <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>B</mi></math></span> from the literature were found to be completely different from our values. Given that our spectra had better resolution and sensitivity compared to the relevant literature source, and that our values were determined using two different lines, we consider our values to be the more reliable ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109807
I.E. Gordon , L.S. Rothman , R.J. Hargreaves , F.M. Gomez , T. Bertin , C. Hill , R.V. Kochanov , Y. Tan , P. Wcisło , V. Yu. Makhnev , P.F. Bernath , M. Birk , V. Boudon , A. Campargue , A. Coustenis , B.J. Drouin , R.R. Gamache , J.T. Hodges , D. Jacquemart , E.J. Mlawer , N.F. Zobov
The HITRAN database is a curated compilation of validated molecular spectroscopic parameters, established in the early 1970s. It is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of six major components. These components include the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimentally derived absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. Responding to community requests, HITRAN2024 also incorporates — for the first time — a water-vapor continuum model.
This paper describes the details of the choices of data and their compilation for the 2024 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2024 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2020 (including various updates during the intervening years).
The extent of the updates of the line-by-line section in the HITRAN2024 edition ranges from updating a few lines of specific molecules/isotopologues to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and six new (to HITRAN) molecules: H, CH, S, COFCl, HONO, ClNO. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. In addition, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often bringing the uncertainties down to unprecedented levels below 0.1%.
The HITRAN2024 edition is available through www.hitran.org as well as the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of the tools to work with the HITRAN data has been extended for the new edition.
{"title":"The HITRAN2024 molecular spectroscopic database","authors":"I.E. Gordon , L.S. Rothman , R.J. Hargreaves , F.M. Gomez , T. Bertin , C. Hill , R.V. Kochanov , Y. Tan , P. Wcisło , V. Yu. Makhnev , P.F. Bernath , M. Birk , V. Boudon , A. Campargue , A. Coustenis , B.J. Drouin , R.R. Gamache , J.T. Hodges , D. Jacquemart , E.J. Mlawer , N.F. Zobov","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The HITRAN database is a curated compilation of validated molecular spectroscopic parameters, established in the early 1970s. It is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of six major components. These components include the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimentally derived absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. Responding to community requests, HITRAN2024 also incorporates — for the first time — a water-vapor continuum model.</div><div>This paper describes the details of the choices of data and their compilation for the 2024 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2024 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2020 (including various updates during the intervening years).</div><div>The extent of the updates of the line-by-line section in the HITRAN2024 edition ranges from updating a few lines of specific molecules/isotopologues to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and six new (to HITRAN) molecules: H<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>, CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, COFCl, HONO, ClNO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. In addition, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often bringing the uncertainties down to unprecedented levels below 0.1%.</div><div>The HITRAN2024 edition is available through <span><span>www.hitran.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as well as the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of the tools to work with the HITRAN data has been extended for the new edition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109829
Alexandra A. Idrisova , Armen D. Sargsyan , David H. Sarkisyan , Victor I. Balykin , Anton E. Afanasiev
We studied spectral properties of atoms in a microcell of 80 m length using the microwave-optical double-resonance (DR) spectroscopy in the presence of a magnetic field. The obtained spectra were compared with similar ones from atoms in a macroscopic vapor cell. The comparison demonstrates the potential of microcells for implementation of compact magnetometers. The effect of radiation trapping has been investigated as a limiting factor of the width of double-resonance spectral lines.
{"title":"Microwave-optical double-resonance spectroscopy of rubidium-87 atoms in a microcell","authors":"Alexandra A. Idrisova , Armen D. Sargsyan , David H. Sarkisyan , Victor I. Balykin , Anton E. Afanasiev","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied spectral properties of atoms in a microcell of 80 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m length using the microwave-optical double-resonance (DR) spectroscopy in the presence of a magnetic field. The obtained spectra were compared with similar ones from atoms in a macroscopic vapor cell. The comparison demonstrates the potential of microcells for implementation of compact magnetometers. The effect of radiation trapping has been investigated as a limiting factor of the width of double-resonance spectral lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109831
Adrian Hjältén , Vinicius Silva de Oliveira , Michael Rey , Isak Silander , Kevin K. Lehmann , Aleksandra Foltynowicz
We use sub-Doppler optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) spectroscopy with a 3.3 µm single-frequency pump and a cavity-enhanced 1.65 µm comb probe to measure 33 ladder-type (3ν3 ← ν3) and 8 V-type (2ν3) transitions in the 5880–6090 cm-1 range of methane, reaching states with rovibrational E symmetry in the region of the P6 and P4 polyads, respectively. We assign the ladder-type transitions using new Hamiltonian predictions and the ExoMol line list, and the V-type transitions using the new Hamiltonian, ExoMol, HITRAN2020, and the WKLMC line lists. While 7 of the states in the 3ν3 range have been previously observed either in earlier OODR work (without cavity enhancement) with 1.5 MHz accuracy or in FTIR measurements of cold bands with 150 MHz resolution, the states reported here have uncertainties down to 150 kHz (5 × 10–6 cm-1). The E-symmetry states exhibit first-order Stark splitting, which will be reported in our future work.
{"title":"Measurement and assignment of E-symmetry states in the 6010-6110 cm−1 and 8940-9150 cm−1 ranges of methane using optical frequency comb double-resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Adrian Hjältén , Vinicius Silva de Oliveira , Michael Rey , Isak Silander , Kevin K. Lehmann , Aleksandra Foltynowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use sub-Doppler optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) spectroscopy with a 3.3 µm single-frequency pump and a cavity-enhanced 1.65 µm comb probe to measure 33 ladder-type (3ν<sub>3</sub> ← ν<sub>3</sub>) and 8 V-type (2ν<sub>3</sub>) transitions in the 5880–6090 cm<sup>-1</sup> range of methane, reaching states with rovibrational E symmetry in the region of the <em>P</em>6 and <em>P</em>4 polyads, respectively. We assign the ladder-type transitions using new Hamiltonian predictions and the ExoMol line list, and the V-type transitions using the new Hamiltonian, ExoMol, HITRAN2020, and the WKLMC line lists. While 7 of the states in the 3ν<sub>3</sub> range have been previously observed either in earlier OODR work (without cavity enhancement) with 1.5 MHz accuracy or in FTIR measurements of cold bands with 150 MHz resolution, the states reported here have uncertainties down to 150 kHz (5 × 10<sup>–6</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>). The E-symmetry states exhibit first-order Stark splitting, which will be reported in our future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109802
Yueming Dong , Zhenyu Zhang , Jing Li
Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), which describes the scattering and absorbing properties of aerosols, is a critical optical parameter in assessing the radiative effects of aerosols. However, unlike aerosol optical depth (AOD), current global SSA retrievals from satellites are largely limited and highly uncertain. Constraining aerosol radiative forcing typically requires an observational accuracy of for the single-scattering albedo (SSA), yet nearly all existing operational satellite products fail to meet this requirement. Global SSA products are mainly provided by sensors observing in the ultra-violet (UV) or with Multi-Angle Polarization (MAP) capabilities. However, SSA provided by UV sensors lacks insights in visible wavelengths and is highly sensitive to aerosol layer height assumptions. Although MAP instruments yield the most accurate satellite-based SSA estimates to date, they still rarely achieve the required accuracy. Only a few advanced MAP sensors offer the polarization precision theoretically needed to meet this target, but no operational products from these instruments are currently available. Other efforts include combining ground-based and satellite observations, but typically with limited spatial coverage. This review synthesizes current research on the satellite remote sensing of SSA, with a focus on the instrumentation and retrieval algorithms. A discussion on the remaining challenges and future research needs is also provided.
{"title":"Satellite remote sensing of aerosol single scattering albedo: Instruments, algorithms, and challenges","authors":"Yueming Dong , Zhenyu Zhang , Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), which describes the scattering and absorbing properties of aerosols, is a critical optical parameter in assessing the radiative effects of aerosols. However, unlike aerosol optical depth (AOD), current global SSA retrievals from satellites are largely limited and highly uncertain. Constraining aerosol radiative forcing typically requires an observational accuracy of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>03</mn></mrow></math></span> for the single-scattering albedo (SSA), yet nearly all existing operational satellite products fail to meet this requirement. Global SSA products are mainly provided by sensors observing in the ultra-violet (UV) or with Multi-Angle Polarization (MAP) capabilities. However, SSA provided by UV sensors lacks insights in visible wavelengths and is highly sensitive to aerosol layer height assumptions. Although MAP instruments yield the most accurate satellite-based SSA estimates to date, they still rarely achieve the required accuracy. Only a few advanced MAP sensors offer the polarization precision theoretically needed to meet this target, but no operational products from these instruments are currently available. Other efforts include combining ground-based and satellite observations, but typically with limited spatial coverage. This review synthesizes current research on the satellite remote sensing of SSA, with a focus on the instrumentation and retrieval algorithms. A discussion on the remaining challenges and future research needs is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109815
Guoxia Han , Kaiqi Liu , Feiyang Zhang , Yuhui Peng , Yihan Tian , Xiaolong Liu , Xianghua Yu
Combining the advantages of both auto-focusing Airy beams and vortex beams, the vortex auto-focusing Airy (VAFA) beam has received increasing attentions. However, conventional methods to generate VAFA beams usually require the utilization of bulky devices and complex optical systems, and the applications of VAFA beams are rarely reported. In this work, a novel method to generate and modulate multimode VAFA beams with a single monolayer metasurface is proposed based on the angularly spacing arrangement array and polarization multiplexing. Through spatial multiplexing and polarization multiplexing, we have significantly expanded the modulation capacity of a single-layer metasurface, enabling the synchronous and independent control of multiple optical channels. Based on this approach, we achieved complex manipulation of multimode VAFA beams and the generation of VAFA beams array. Additionally, leveraging the VAFA beam arrays, we designed a polarization-detection metasurface capable of full-polarization states detection. This work not only offers a fresh perspective on the flexible production of multiple beams with a single monolayer metasurface, but also presents the applications in the field of polarization detection of complex Airy beams, holding great potential for a wide range of applications in laser processing and optical communication.
{"title":"Multi-channel modulation of vortex auto-focusing Airy beams and full-polarization states detection on a monolithic metasurface","authors":"Guoxia Han , Kaiqi Liu , Feiyang Zhang , Yuhui Peng , Yihan Tian , Xiaolong Liu , Xianghua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining the advantages of both auto-focusing Airy beams and vortex beams, the vortex auto-focusing Airy (VAFA) beam has received increasing attentions. However, conventional methods to generate VAFA beams usually require the utilization of bulky devices and complex optical systems, and the applications of VAFA beams are rarely reported. In this work, a novel method to generate and modulate multimode VAFA beams with a single monolayer metasurface is proposed based on the angularly spacing arrangement array and polarization multiplexing. Through spatial multiplexing and polarization multiplexing, we have significantly expanded the modulation capacity of a single-layer metasurface, enabling the synchronous and independent control of multiple optical channels. Based on this approach, we achieved complex manipulation of multimode VAFA beams and the generation of VAFA beams array. Additionally, leveraging the VAFA beam arrays, we designed a polarization-detection metasurface capable of full-polarization states detection. This work not only offers a fresh perspective on the flexible production of multiple beams with a single monolayer metasurface, but also presents the applications in the field of polarization detection of complex Airy beams, holding great potential for a wide range of applications in laser processing and optical communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the far-infrared collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra for CH CO pairs obtained using trajectory-based simulations across a broad temperature range of 70–400 K. Our calculations rely on explicit quantum-chemical calculation of the potential energy and induced dipole surfaces, constructed under the rigid-monomer approximation. Our developed trajectory-based method enables modeling of the true dimer contribution to CIA profile, which is particularly important at low temperatures. Furthermore, we introduce a significant improvement to the Monte Carlo computational scheme, which substantially accelerates its convergence in the frame of our method. The spectra obtained in this work thus provide a reliable reference for evaluating the impact of CIA in radiative transfer models, with direct application for CO–rich atmospheres such as Martian paleoatmosphere.
{"title":"Trajectory-based far infrared collision-induced absorption spectra of CH4 CO2 in the temperature range from 70 K to 400 K","authors":"A.A. Finenko , D.N. Chistikov , A.O. Koroleva , A.A. Vigasin","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.109810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the far-infrared collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra for CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> <img>CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pairs obtained using trajectory-based simulations across a broad temperature range of 70–400 K. Our calculations rely on explicit quantum-chemical calculation of the potential energy and induced dipole surfaces, constructed under the rigid-monomer approximation. Our developed trajectory-based method enables modeling of the true dimer contribution to CIA profile, which is particularly important at low temperatures. Furthermore, we introduce a significant improvement to the Monte Carlo computational scheme, which substantially accelerates its convergence in the frame of our method. The spectra obtained in this work thus provide a reliable reference for evaluating the impact of CIA in radiative transfer models, with direct application for CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–rich atmospheres such as Martian paleoatmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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