Excessive water production in the oil field is the major difficulty in production for the petroleum industry. Remedial techniques need to be applied to control this excess water production considering the health, safety, and environmental issues and improve the reservoir's economic and productive life. In this study polymer gel system comprising the polymer partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) and organic cross-linkers (Hydroquinone and Hexamethylene tetramine) were prepared as a water shut-off system to control the excessive production of water in the oil field. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, pH, cross-linker concentration, degree of hydrolysis, and divalent cations on gelation time was investigated using the bottle testing method. The importance of retarders at high temperatures was also evaluated. The gelation temperature was varied from 90 °C to 120 °C to study the effect of different parameters on the gelation time and gel behavior. This study suggests that Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PHPA) with organic cross-linkers can be an effective polymer gel system for water shut-off operations, and with the addition of retarders at high temperature to control gelation time, the performance of the gel can be improved.
{"title":"Gelation of an Organically Crosslinked PHPA Polymer Gel System: An Experimental Study","authors":"M. Vaishnav, N. Verma","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60039","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive water production in the oil field is the major difficulty in production for the petroleum industry. Remedial techniques need to be applied to control this excess water production considering the health, safety, and environmental issues and improve the reservoir's economic and productive life. In this study polymer gel system comprising the polymer partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) and organic cross-linkers (Hydroquinone and Hexamethylene tetramine) were prepared as a water shut-off system to control the excessive production of water in the oil field. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, pH, cross-linker concentration, degree of hydrolysis, and divalent cations on gelation time was investigated using the bottle testing method. The importance of retarders at high temperatures was also evaluated. The gelation temperature was varied from 90 °C to 120 °C to study the effect of different parameters on the gelation time and gel behavior. This study suggests that Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PHPA) with organic cross-linkers can be an effective polymer gel system for water shut-off operations, and with the addition of retarders at high temperature to control gelation time, the performance of the gel can be improved.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89574056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study assessed the nationwide lockdown impacts on the air pollution situation across West Bengal, India. Air pollution data was collected from the online monitoring stations of the Central Pollution Control Board across West Bengal. The gradual declining pattern of overall pollution status was observed during the lockdown phase from the pre-lockdown phase. The early unlocking stage found slow and gradual increasing air pollution levels. Siliguri’s pre-lockdown ‘poor’ Air Quality Index (AQI) improved in the lockdown phase to ‘satisfactory’ level. ‘Moderate’ level AQI in Asansol of the pre-lockdown stage improved to ‘satisfactory’ level during the lockdown phase. Pre-lockdown AQI of both Kolkata and Howrah changed from ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ level during the lockdown phase. Unlike other pollutants, the ozone level increased in Kolkata, Howrah, and Siliguri in the lockdown phase. The early monsoonal washout possibly caused the changes in the pattern of pollution status of specified periods in the 2019 and 2020. Thus, in the study period of lockdown in 2020, the decrease in pollution level may not only caused by the stoppage of vehicles or industry but also have a possible natural influence.
{"title":"Effects of Nationwide Lockdown due to COVID-19 on Ambient Air Quality in the State of West Bengal, India","authors":"B. Ghosh, S. Nayek, P. Padhy","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59249","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the nationwide lockdown impacts on the air pollution situation across West Bengal, India. Air pollution data was collected from the online monitoring stations of the Central Pollution Control Board across West Bengal. The gradual declining pattern of overall pollution status was observed during the lockdown phase from the pre-lockdown phase. The early unlocking stage found slow and gradual increasing air pollution levels. Siliguri’s pre-lockdown ‘poor’ Air Quality Index (AQI) improved in the lockdown phase to ‘satisfactory’ level. ‘Moderate’ level AQI in Asansol of the pre-lockdown stage improved to ‘satisfactory’ level during the lockdown phase. Pre-lockdown AQI of both Kolkata and Howrah changed from ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ level during the lockdown phase. Unlike other pollutants, the ozone level increased in Kolkata, Howrah, and Siliguri in the lockdown phase. The early monsoonal washout possibly caused the changes in the pattern of pollution status of specified periods in the 2019 and 2020. Thus, in the study period of lockdown in 2020, the decrease in pollution level may not only caused by the stoppage of vehicles or industry but also have a possible natural influence.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88181990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Priyadarsini, M. Adhikary, P. Jena, R. M. Pujahari
We report the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of polypyrrole (PPy), copper doped PPy (Cu/PPy), and copper doped polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Cu/PPy/MWCTs) prepared by oxidative polymerization technique. The incorporation of Cu in the form of nanoparticles in the composites was confirmed from XRD data. The granular morphology of PPy was observed from the FESEM micrograph. However, the size of the grains was decreased with Cu nanoparticle insertion in the matrix. The uniform distribution of Cu nanoparticles in the Cu/PPy and Cu/PPy/MWCTs nanocomposites has been evidenced from TEM images. The highest specific capacitance of 311 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s is achieved in the case of Cu/PPy/MWCTs composite. It is found that the cyclic stability of these nanocomposites is enhanced due to the integration of MWCNTS and Cu nanoparticles with PPy polymer. The Cu/PPy/MWCNTs nanocomposites retained 91% of their specific capacitance even after 1000 cycles. The maximum energy density of 19.89 Wh/kg and maximum power density of 4479.71 W/kg at the scan rate of 200 mV/s were also measured for the Cu/PPy/MWCNTs nanocomposite. Our study thus indicates that the prepared Cu/PPy/MWCTs nanocomposite could be a potential candidate for application in supercapacitor and hybrid type storing devices.
{"title":"Copper Doped PPy/MWCNT Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"M. Priyadarsini, M. Adhikary, P. Jena, R. M. Pujahari","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59397","url":null,"abstract":"We report the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of polypyrrole (PPy), copper doped PPy (Cu/PPy), and copper doped polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Cu/PPy/MWCTs) prepared by oxidative polymerization technique. The incorporation of Cu in the form of nanoparticles in the composites was confirmed from XRD data. The granular morphology of PPy was observed from the FESEM micrograph. However, the size of the grains was decreased with Cu nanoparticle insertion in the matrix. The uniform distribution of Cu nanoparticles in the Cu/PPy and Cu/PPy/MWCTs nanocomposites has been evidenced from TEM images. The highest specific capacitance of 311 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s is achieved in the case of Cu/PPy/MWCTs composite. It is found that the cyclic stability of these nanocomposites is enhanced due to the integration of MWCNTS and Cu nanoparticles with PPy polymer. The Cu/PPy/MWCNTs nanocomposites retained 91% of their specific capacitance even after 1000 cycles. The maximum energy density of 19.89 Wh/kg and maximum power density of 4479.71 W/kg at the scan rate of 200 mV/s were also measured for the Cu/PPy/MWCNTs nanocomposite. Our study thus indicates that the prepared Cu/PPy/MWCTs nanocomposite could be a potential candidate for application in supercapacitor and hybrid type storing devices.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77397727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ferroelectric polymer blend with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is synthesized in the form of thin films by solution casting method. The synthesized PVDF-TiO2 composite films with a different wt% of TiO2 (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) as fillers in the PVDF matrix were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of PVDF-TiO2 composite films confirmed the existence of a β-phase PVDF, uniform distribution of TiO2 particles in the polymer matrix and the crystallinity of the polymer composites was found to be enhanced. The SEM micrograph depicts the augmentation in the structural density due to the addition of TiO2 particles in the PVDF matrix. The dielectric constant of the PVDF-TiO2films is found to be an anomaly at lower frequencies and decreases with an increase in frequency agreeing with the Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The enhancement in the dielectric constant of PVDF-TiO2 composites at lower frequencies suggests that the prepared polymer composite thin films are useful as separator membranes in energy storage devices.
{"title":"Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric Crossbred PVDF–TiO2 Polymer Composite Thin Films","authors":"A. Arshad, S. Dani, S. S. Kulkarni, U. V. Khadke","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60132","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ferroelectric polymer blend with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is synthesized in the form of thin films by solution casting method. The synthesized PVDF-TiO2 composite films with a different wt% of TiO2 (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) as fillers in the PVDF matrix were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of PVDF-TiO2 composite films confirmed the existence of a β-phase PVDF, uniform distribution of TiO2 particles in the polymer matrix and the crystallinity of the polymer composites was found to be enhanced. The SEM micrograph depicts the augmentation in the structural density due to the addition of TiO2 particles in the PVDF matrix. The dielectric constant of the PVDF-TiO2films is found to be an anomaly at lower frequencies and decreases with an increase in frequency agreeing with the Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The enhancement in the dielectric constant of PVDF-TiO2 composites at lower frequencies suggests that the prepared polymer composite thin films are useful as separator membranes in energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solution of various problems of engineering and science can easily determined by representing these problems in integral equations. There are numerous analytical and numerical methods which can be used for solving different kinds of integral equations. In this paper, authors used recently developed integral transform “Rishi Transform” for obtaining the analytical solution of linear Volterra integral equation of second kind (LVIESK). For this, the kernel of LVIESK has assumed a convolution type kernel. Five numerical examples are considered for demonstrating the complete procedure of determining the solution. Results of these problems suggest that Rishi transform provides the exact analytical solution of LVIESK without doing complicated calculation work.
{"title":"Solution of Linear Volterra Integral Equation of Second Kind via Rishi Transform","authors":"S. Aggarwal, R. Kumar, J. Chandel","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60337","url":null,"abstract":"The solution of various problems of engineering and science can easily determined by representing these problems in integral equations. There are numerous analytical and numerical methods which can be used for solving different kinds of integral equations. In this paper, authors used recently developed integral transform “Rishi Transform” for obtaining the analytical solution of linear Volterra integral equation of second kind (LVIESK). For this, the kernel of LVIESK has assumed a convolution type kernel. Five numerical examples are considered for demonstrating the complete procedure of determining the solution. Results of these problems suggest that Rishi transform provides the exact analytical solution of LVIESK without doing complicated calculation work.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88011553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with an M/M/2 Queueing Model with working vacations and reneging of customers due to impatience. The matrix geometric method is used to find the distribution of the number of customers in the system. A cost function is constructed to obtain the optimal value of the service rate to optimize (minimize) the cost function using the Quadratic Fit Search Method (QFSM). Further, the effects on the system's performance measures using numerical analysis and graphical representation are studied.
本文研究了具有工作假期和顾客因不耐烦而违约的M/M/2排队模型。采用矩阵几何方法求出系统中顾客数量的分布。利用二次拟合搜索法(Quadratic Fit Search Method, QFSM)构造了一个成本函数，以获得服务率的最优值，从而优化(最小化)成本函数。进一步，利用数值分析和图形表示研究了对系统性能指标的影响。
{"title":"Optimization of M/M/2 Queueing Model with Working Vacations","authors":"S. Gupta, P. Joshi, K. Rajeshwari","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59348","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with an M/M/2 Queueing Model with working vacations and reneging of customers due to impatience. The matrix geometric method is used to find the distribution of the number of customers in the system. A cost function is constructed to obtain the optimal value of the service rate to optimize (minimize) the cost function using the Quadratic Fit Search Method (QFSM). Further, the effects on the system's performance measures using numerical analysis and graphical representation are studied.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major health challenges of the century is the prevalence of chronic diseases in young adults. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for chronic disease and the prevalence of chronic disease in individuals aged 18 to 39. The outcome variable was chronic diseases, and potential predictors included sex, age, education, work status, division, region, smoking status, and respondent's income. Of the 5490 young people, 1782 (32.5 %) had at least one chronic illness. Age, work status, division, geography, and smoking status were significant predictors of chronic illnesses in the multivariate model. Compared to younger young adults, those aged 30-39 had greater odds of developing chronic diseases (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI: 1.16–2.13). Residents in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are more likely to have chronic illnesses than their more affluent counterparts. Young men are more likely than women to experience chronic illness (OR = 1.06, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.21), although this difference wasn't statistically significant. The highly educated group reports chronic disease more frequently than other groups. These findings, particularly those pertaining to decision-makers, can aid in the justification, direction, and support of programs required to address these altering epidemiological trends.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Diseases Among Young Adult in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Hasan","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60328","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major health challenges of the century is the prevalence of chronic diseases in young adults. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for chronic disease and the prevalence of chronic disease in individuals aged 18 to 39. The outcome variable was chronic diseases, and potential predictors included sex, age, education, work status, division, region, smoking status, and respondent's income. Of the 5490 young people, 1782 (32.5 %) had at least one chronic illness. Age, work status, division, geography, and smoking status were significant predictors of chronic illnesses in the multivariate model. Compared to younger young adults, those aged 30-39 had greater odds of developing chronic diseases (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI: 1.16–2.13). Residents in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are more likely to have chronic illnesses than their more affluent counterparts. Young men are more likely than women to experience chronic illness (OR = 1.06, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.21), although this difference wasn't statistically significant. The highly educated group reports chronic disease more frequently than other groups. These findings, particularly those pertaining to decision-makers, can aid in the justification, direction, and support of programs required to address these altering epidemiological trends.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, we fabricated tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) from a tungsten complex [W(C13H10NO)3] of ligand N-salicylideneaniline with tungstic acid as the precursor. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the direct thermal decomposition method. These nanoparticles were evaluated for cytotoxicity influence on human breast cancer MCF7 cell line (adenocarcinoma). The observed results suggested that WO3 can destroy 50 % of viable cells after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Based on these results, we concluded that WO3 nanoparticles could be a potential drug carrier candidate against human breast cancer cells based on the amount of the drug. In addition, WO3 nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
{"title":"Enhanced Anticarcinogenic and Antimicrobial Response of Synthesized Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"J. Kumari, P. Mangala","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.58211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.58211","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we fabricated tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) from a tungsten complex [W(C13H10NO)3] of ligand N-salicylideneaniline with tungstic acid as the precursor. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the direct thermal decomposition method. These nanoparticles were evaluated for cytotoxicity influence on human breast cancer MCF7 cell line (adenocarcinoma). The observed results suggested that WO3 can destroy 50 % of viable cells after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Based on these results, we concluded that WO3 nanoparticles could be a potential drug carrier candidate against human breast cancer cells based on the amount of the drug. In addition, WO3 nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gorepatil, P. Gorepatil, M. Gaikwad, A. Ghumare, J. Mali, V. Ingle
An efficient, simple, and green four-component reaction for synthesizing 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles is developed. In present work exploring the use of Samarium triflate as a heterogeneous catalyst for the four-component reaction of aldehydes, aromatic amines, benzil, and ammonium acetate. The current approach offers many advantages, such as excellent yields, shortening of reaction time, reusability of catalyst, and use of mild reaction conditions.
{"title":"Samarium(III) Triflate as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles","authors":"A. Gorepatil, P. Gorepatil, M. Gaikwad, A. Ghumare, J. Mali, V. Ingle","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60623","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient, simple, and green four-component reaction for synthesizing 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles is developed. In present work exploring the use of Samarium triflate as a heterogeneous catalyst for the four-component reaction of aldehydes, aromatic amines, benzil, and ammonium acetate. The current approach offers many advantages, such as excellent yields, shortening of reaction time, reusability of catalyst, and use of mild reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85906458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Value-added products harnessing the phytotherapeutic potential of papaya are scarce. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy and safety of such products (if available) from papaya. Thus, the current study attempted to exemplify the utilization of papaya extracts in preparing a value-added product, namely, Toilet Soap. This study is the first of its kind in which the physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy of the toilet soaps infused with different papaya extracts were assessed and compared against the market available soaps containing papaya fruit extract. The soap samples had pH values between 8.37 – 9.74 and their moisture content between 2.94 – 11.32 %. Their estimated lather volume ranged between 410 – 780 mL with good foaming power and foam stability. The laboratory-prepared soaps (Samples A to D) had matter insoluble slcohol and total fatty matter contents per Bureau of Indian Standards. They either did not contain or had an insignificant amount of free caustic alkali. The quantitative in vitro assessment findings showed antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus aureus except for Sample E. The in vivo finger imprint test demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of the soaps against E. coli and S. aureus.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Soaps Prepared Using Carica papaya Extracts","authors":"S. Pednekar, K. Mangaonkar","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60126","url":null,"abstract":"Value-added products harnessing the phytotherapeutic potential of papaya are scarce. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy and safety of such products (if available) from papaya. Thus, the current study attempted to exemplify the utilization of papaya extracts in preparing a value-added product, namely, Toilet Soap. This study is the first of its kind in which the physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy of the toilet soaps infused with different papaya extracts were assessed and compared against the market available soaps containing papaya fruit extract. The soap samples had pH values between 8.37 – 9.74 and their moisture content between 2.94 – 11.32 %. Their estimated lather volume ranged between 410 – 780 mL with good foaming power and foam stability. The laboratory-prepared soaps (Samples A to D) had matter insoluble slcohol and total fatty matter contents per Bureau of Indian Standards. They either did not contain or had an insignificant amount of free caustic alkali. The quantitative in vitro assessment findings showed antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus aureus except for Sample E. The in vivo finger imprint test demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of the soaps against E. coli and S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77272380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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