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2D ZIF-L(Zn) for Hybrid Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and ε-Caprolactone under Solvent-free Medium 二维 ZIF-L(Zn)在无溶剂介质下用于甲基丙烯酸甲酯和ε-己内酯的混合共聚
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.65039
F. Yasmn, M. A. Rahaman
Herein, we report the hybrid copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ε-caprolactone (CL). 2D metal-organic frameworks, ZIF-L as a robust polymerization catalyst, can catalyze this hybrid copolymerization. Though these monomers differ from each other in structure and activity, different characterization techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GPC, DSC, fractional precipitation techniques) confirm that they form biodegradable block copolymer PMMA-b-PCL with high molecular weight (1190 kg/mol). Also, PXRD and SEM results of the recovered ZIF-L reveal that the catalyst ZIF-L is remarkably stable even after a long-time polymerization reaction with no significant loss in activity.
在此,我们报告了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和ε-己内酯(CL)的混合共聚。二维金属有机框架 ZIF-L 作为一种强大的聚合催化剂,可以催化这种杂化共聚。尽管这些单体在结构和活性上互不相同,但不同的表征技术(1H-NMR、13C-NMR、GPC、DSC、分馏沉淀技术)证实,它们能形成高分子量(1190 kg/mol)的可生物降解嵌段共聚物 PMMA-b-PCL。此外,回收的 ZIF-L 的 PXRD 和 SEM 结果表明,催化剂 ZIF-L 即使经过长时间的聚合反应也非常稳定,活性没有明显下降。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Decay Modes for Superheavy Nuclei with Magic Number of Neutrons and Protons 具有神奇中子和质子数的超重核的衰变模式预测
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.65165
G. M. C. V. Bai, R. Revathi
The Cubic plus Yukawa plus Exponential (CYE) model has been used to study the different decay properties of Superheavy nuclei 298,310114, 306,318122, 308,310124, 310,322126 and compared them with the available theoretical and experimental values. Here, the half-lives of several clusters have been computed that have not yet been detected experimentally. Hopefully, this will assist future research in this area. As a result of comparing the three different decay modes (α-decay, cluster radioactivity and spontaneous fission), it was possible to predict the predominant decay modes of Superheavy nuclei.
立方加尤卡娃加指数(CYE)模型被用来研究超重核 298,310114、306,318122、308,310124、310,322126 的不同衰变特性,并与现有的理论和实验值进行比较。在这里,我们计算了几个尚未在实验中探测到的原子团的半衰期。希望这将有助于今后在这一领域的研究。通过比较三种不同的衰变模式(α-衰变、团簇放射性和自发裂变),可以预测超重原子核的主要衰变模式。
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引用次数: 0
A Compact Novel Quad Patch High Gain Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for 5G/6G mm Wave Applications 用于 5G/6G 毫米波应用的紧凑型新型四贴片高增益三频带微带天线
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.66715
R. K. Singh, K. Mamta
This paper presents a compact, novel, quad patch and triple band single substrate microstrip patch antenna for 5G/6G mm wave applications. The aim is to design an antenna within the K-band with three resonance frequencies at 24, 29, and 34 GHz. The antenna is designed on a volumetric dimension of 11×12.7×1.6 mm3. The substrate used is FR4 (dielectric constant 4.4), having a loss tangent of 0.0022. A microstrip line of width 1 mm for a 50 Ω impedance line is used to match with the load antenna, which has four rectangular connected patches. Patch dimensions come from standard antenna equations and simulation done on Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator software. Validation of simulated results is done through measurements on the prototype antenna. A substantial good agreement is found between the simulated and measured results. The gain of the proposed antenna is 6.16 dBi, with return loss being ≤-10 dB. Bandwidths are 1.1 GHz (23.8 - 24.9 GHz), 0.9 GHz (28.6 - 29.5 GHz), and 0.8 GHz (33.7 – 34.5 GHz), respectively. The far-field radiation characteristics of both E-plane and H-plane are also reported. The proposed design is suitable for mm wave applications, including smart vehicles, global positioning systems, radio frequency identifications, etc.
本文介绍了一种用于 5G/6G 毫米波应用的紧凑、新颖、四贴片和三频带单衬底微带贴片天线。目的是设计一种 K 波段内的天线,其三个谐振频率分别为 24、29 和 34 GHz。天线的设计体积为 11×12.7×1.6 mm3。使用的基板是介电常数为 4.4 的 FR4,损耗正切为 0.0022。使用宽度为 1 毫米的 50 Ω 阻抗微带线与负载天线匹配,负载天线有四个矩形连接贴片。贴片尺寸来自标准天线方程,并在 Ansys 高频结构模拟器软件上进行了模拟。模拟结果通过对原型天线的测量进行验证。仿真结果与测量结果基本吻合。拟议天线的增益为 6.16 dBi,回波损耗≤-10 dB。带宽分别为 1.1 GHz(23.8 - 24.9 GHz)、0.9 GHz(28.6 - 29.5 GHz)和 0.8 GHz(33.7 - 34.5 GHz)。此外,还报告了 E 平面和 H 平面的远场辐射特性。所提出的设计适用于毫米波应用,包括智能汽车、全球定位系统、射频识别等。
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引用次数: 0
Resource Aware Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing in Cloud Computing 云计算中的资源感知正交投影递归 MapReduce 彩票负载平衡
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.64683
M. Ellakkiya, T. N. Ravi
Cloud Computing is an internet-based network technology that provides various services and requirements to customers through online computing resources. In the cloud, Load balancing is the most significant issue that includes both hardware and software platforms for the execution of demand of the user request. Furthermore, for handling multiple user requests, load balancing is necessary. Therefore, an efficient load-balancing technique is required to optimize and ensure user satisfaction by utilizing the virtual machine's resources efficiently. A novel Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing (PORLOB) technique is introduced for resource-efficient task scheduling with minimal Makespan and complexity. In the PORLOB technique, many cloud user requests are transmitted to the cloud server from different locations. The load balancer uses the index table for maintaining the virtual machines. The MapReduce function includes two steps, namely, map and reduce. Based on the resource estimation, the map function performs the regression analysis and provides three resource statuses of the virtual machine: overloaded, less loaded, and balanced. In the reduction phase, the load balancer uses the lottery scheduling technique to balance the workload by migrating the task from an overloaded Virtual Machine to a less-loaded VM.
云计算是一种基于互联网的网络技术,通过在线计算资源为客户提供各种服务和需求。在云计算中,负载平衡是最重要的问题,包括执行用户请求需求的硬件和软件平台。此外,为处理多个用户请求,负载平衡也是必要的。因此,需要一种高效的负载平衡技术,通过有效利用虚拟机资源来优化和确保用户满意度。本文介绍了一种新颖的正交投影递归 MapReduce Lottery 负载平衡(PORLOB)技术,用于以最小的 Makespan 和复杂度实现资源高效的任务调度。在 PORLOB 技术中,许多云用户请求从不同地点传输到云服务器。负载平衡器使用索引表来维护虚拟机。MapReduce 功能包括两个步骤,即 map 和 reduce。在资源估算的基础上,映射功能执行回归分析,并提供虚拟机的三种资源状态:超载、少载和平衡。在还原阶段,负载平衡器使用抽签调度技术,将任务从超载的虚拟机迁移到负载较轻的虚拟机,从而平衡工作负载。
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引用次数: 0
MHD Couette Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Between Upright Permeable Plates with Energy Dissipation 粘性流体在具有能量消耗的直立透气板之间的 MHD Couette 流动
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.65546
U. Das, Mira Das
This study investigates the unsteady, magnetohydrodynamic, incompressible, Couette flow of viscoelastic fluid through equidistant upright plates in the presence of permeable media, continuous heat fluxes, heat source, and energy dissipation. The flow is restricted by the flow between two equidistant upright plates, one moving and the other at rest, and the formation of free convection due to a fixed wall at a time-dependent temperature, while heat flow is constant on the wall moving upwards in its plane. The problem is solved analytically, and the expression for velocity and temperature are derived. The effect of numerous physical parameters on the flow is discussed. The local skin friction is also represented graphically, and the Nusselt number is given in the table.
本研究探讨了粘弹性流体在存在可渗透介质、连续热通量、热源和能量耗散的情况下通过等距直立板的非稳态、磁流体力学、不可压缩、Couette 流动。流动受到两块等距直立板(一块运动,另一块静止)之间流动的限制,以及固定壁面在随时间变化的温度下形成的自由对流,而壁面上的热流是恒定的,在其平面上向上运动。对该问题进行了分析求解,并得出了速度和温度的表达式。讨论了许多物理参数对流动的影响。局部表皮摩擦也以图形表示,表格中给出了努塞尔特数。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Different Compositions of Mixed Metal Oxides (Zinc Oxide and Tin Oxide) on Structural and Optical Properties for the Application of Window Layers in Solar Cells 混合金属氧化物(氧化锌和氧化锡)的不同组成对太阳能电池窗口层应用的结构和光学特性的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.64157
A. Khandelwal, R. Shukla, K. S. Sharma
Thin films of composite Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) are grown on glass substrates by thermal vapor evaporation. Thin films with different ratios of ZnO: SnO2= (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) wt% were prepared and annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the ZTO films have become polycrystalline as we increase the percentage of tin oxide. The crystallinity of films also increases significantly. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results indicate that the percentage of tin oxide changes the film's morphology. UV visible spectroscopy of the films indicates that the band gap is reduced with the increased percentage of tin oxide in the mixture, and transmittance is also decreased at a higher percentage. The transmittance of the films ranges from 90 to 83 %, while the band gap falls within the range of 3.90 to 3.40 eV. These characteristics make the films well-suited for solar cell window layers.
通过热蒸发法在玻璃基底上生长出复合氧化锌锡(ZTO)薄膜。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 图显示,随着氧化锡比例的增加,ZTO 薄膜变成了多晶体。薄膜的结晶度也显著增加。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)结果表明,氧化锡的比例改变了薄膜的形态。薄膜的紫外可见光谱显示,随着混合物中氧化锡比例的增加,带隙减小,比例越高,透射率也越低。薄膜的透射率在 90% 到 83% 之间,而带隙则在 3.90 到 3.40 eV 之间。这些特性使薄膜非常适合用作太阳能电池窗口层。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial Strain Improvement via Random Physical Mutation to Improve Phosphate Solubilization Efficiency for Sustainable Crop Growth 通过随机物理突变改良细菌菌株,提高磷酸盐溶解效率,促进作物可持续生长
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.64892
S. Damor, P. Goswami
Phosphorus deficiency in soil due to cation-mediated fixation reduces agricultural output from otherwise fertile lands. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize this immobilized phosphate. The goal of this study was to use random UV mutagenesis to improve the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of the bacterial strains isolated from agriculture soils of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The phosphate solubilizing capacity was determined using the colorimetric chlorostannous reduced molybdo phosphoric acid blue method. When UV treated for 40, 50, and 60  min. Strain B5 depicted 58.54 %, 133.27 %, and 159.09 % enhanced phosphate solubilization, respectively, in the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolate B5 clustered with Pseudomonas putida strains. Thus wild strains such as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. can be mutagenically exploited to avail incapacitated phosphorus in soil. This can be an ecologically desired elucidation; however, more research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved and their repercussions.
阳离子介导的固定作用导致土壤缺磷,从而降低了肥沃土地的农业产量。磷酸盐溶解细菌可以溶解这种固定的磷酸盐。本研究的目的是利用随机紫外诱变来提高从拉贾斯坦邦斋浦尔农业土壤中分离出来的细菌菌株的磷酸盐溶解效率。磷酸盐溶解能力是通过比色法测定的。当紫外线处理 40、50 和 60 分钟时。在利用 16S rRNA 基因测序构建的系统发生树中,分离株 B5 与假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)菌株聚类。因此,可以诱变利用假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌等野生菌株来利用土壤中的失磷。这可能是生态学上所期望的一种阐释;然而,还需要更多的研究来调查其中涉及的基本机制及其影响。
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引用次数: 0
Anisotropic Bianchi Type VI0 Cosmological Models in a Modified f(R,T) Gravity 修正 f(R,T) 引力下的各向异性比安奇 VI0 型宇宙学模型
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.62830
M. R. Ugale, S. B. Deshmukh
We investigate the spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type VI0 cosmological models with modified Holographic Ricci Dark Energy subjected to f(R,T) gravity. We have obtained the solution of the field equations with the help of the power law relation among the scale factors. Dynamical parameters are calculated by using the connection between pressure and energy density. The kinematical implications of the models are also examined. Graphical presentation of different cosmological parameters is shown for distinct values of the parameter of the model
我们研究了空间均质和各向异性的比安奇 VI0 型宇宙学模型,该模型具有受 f(R,T) 引力作用的修正全息里奇暗能量。我们借助尺度因子之间的幂律关系得到了场方程的解。我们利用压力和能量密度之间的联系计算了动力学参数。我们还研究了模型的运动学意义。不同宇宙学参数的图解显示了模型参数的不同值
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引用次数: 0
Antibacterial Evolution of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Wet-Chemical Method 湿化学法合成的氧化锌纳米粒子的抗菌演化
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.67363
A. Satheesh, D. Adinarayana, M. V. V. Ramanjaneyulu, H. Usha, Amitkumar, K. N. Jogayya
In present days the essentiality of antibiotics is a big challenge for public health because of the spreading of infections severely. Nano metal oxides show effective antibacterial activity and are non-toxic compared to organic anti-microbes because of their high surface area to volume ratio. Nano ZnO is one of the most emerging nano metal oxides that has been used in various applications such as fire retard, anti-microbe, anti-wrinkle, etc. Nano zinc oxide was synthesized by the wet chemical process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor. The synthesized nano ZnO powder was subjected to characterization to know the morphology and physical properties. FTIR analysis was employed for the identification of functional group, X-ray diffraction is to identify the crystalline structure, SEM-EDX analysis is employed to determine the morphological structure and size of the synthesized nanoparticles and elemental confirmation, and TEM is used to determine the particle size and shape of synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nano ZnO is screened for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method.
如今,由于传染病的严重蔓延,抗生素的必要性已成为公共卫生面临的一大挑战。纳米金属氧化物显示出有效的抗菌活性,由于其表面积与体积比高,与有机抗微生物相比无毒。纳米氧化锌是最新兴的纳米金属氧化物之一,已被用于各种用途,如阻燃、抗微生物、抗皱等。纳米氧化锌是以六水合硝酸锌为前驱体,通过湿化学工艺合成的。对合成的纳米氧化锌粉末进行了表征,以了解其形态和物理性质。傅立叶变换红外分析用于鉴定官能团,X 射线衍射用于鉴定晶体结构,SEM-EDX 分析用于确定合成纳米粒子的形态结构和尺寸以及元素确认,TEM 用于确定合成纳米粒子的粒度和形状。采用盘扩散法对合成的纳米氧化锌进行了抗大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌的抗菌活性筛选。
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引用次数: 0
An Inflated Modelling of Zero Truncated Poisson Ailamujia Distribution and Its Application to Child Mortality and Genetics Count Data 零截断泊松艾拉穆贾分布的膨胀模型及其在儿童死亡率和遗传学计数数据中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v16i1.65361
A. Agarwal, H. Pandey
In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a model as Inflated form of zero truncated Poisson Ailamujia distribution. The proposed model involved two parameters, estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method and derived as an expression of the Fisher Information Matrix. To evaluate the adequacy and applicability of the proposed model, it is applied to real data sets on child mortality and genetic count data.
本文试图建立一个作为零截断泊松艾拉穆贾分布膨胀形式的模型。所提出的模型涉及两个参数,通过最大似然估计法进行估计,并导出费雪信息矩阵的表达式。为评估所提模型的适当性和适用性,将其应用于儿童死亡率和遗传计数数据的真实数据集。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
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