Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe sex-specific patterns of age-related change in physical activity (PA) domains as children transitioned from elementary to high school; and to examine longitudinal associations of PA domains with device-measured PA.

Design: This study employed a longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Methods: A cohort of 580 children self-reported participation in 48 physical activities, categorized into Team, Fitness, and Recreational PA domains, and wore an accelerometer in grades 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11. The cohort included 322 girls (37 % Black, 37 % White, 8 % Hispanic, 17 % Other) and 258 boys (43 % Black, 33 % White, 10 % Hispanic, 14 % Other). Growth curve models examined sex-specific longitudinal changes in the three domains.

Results: Boys' and girls' Team PA increased from 5th to 7th grade and then declined. Fitness PA remained stable across the six-year follow-up period in both sexes. Recreational PA declined for both sexes across with the lowest levels observed in 9th and 11th grades. Among boys, higher participation in Recreational PA was associated with higher total PA assessed by accelerometry in higher versus lower grades. For girls, higher participation in Team PA was associated with higher total PA at all grades.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that interventions aimed at reducing the age-related decline in PA in youth should target sustained participation in Recreational PA in boys and Team PA in girls.

Objectives: To examine the longitudinal effects of dog ownership and dog walking on self-reported and objective measures of physical function in mid- to older-aged adults.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Methods: A subsample of participants in 'How Areas in Brisbane Influence healTh and AcTivity' self-reported dog ownership, dog walking, and overall physical function and completed objective balance, grip strength, and Function Fitness Test assessments twice over two years of follow-up. Dog walkers and non-dog walkers were compared with non-dog owners. Analyses were conducted separately for males (n = 299) and females (n = 445) using linear and generalised linear mixed effects models.

Results: There were few differences in physical function between groups at the first assessment nor differences in changes over time. The only exceptions were, at the first assessment, female non-dog walkers completed fewer sit-to-stands, had lower odds of completing the one leg balance test, and had lower physical function scores than female non-dog owners. Female dog walkers also had lower physical function scores at the first assessment than female non-dog owners. Female non-dog walkers' likelihood of completing the one leg balance test increased over time in contrast to no change among non-dog owners, and at the second assessment there were no differences between these groups.

Conclusions: Dog ownership and dog walking did not benefit physical function in this sample. Participants had good physical function and the few between-group differences are unlikely to impact their capacity to perform everyday activities. Future research should examine effects over longer time periods and in older participants.

Objectives: To investigate associations between physical activity volume during pregnancy and early postpartum with musculoskeletal conditions, specifically urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and lumbopelvic pain.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Data from the Queensland Family Cohort study (2018-2021) were analysed. Physical activity at 24- and 36-weeks' gestation, and 6 weeks postpartum was reported using a modified Active Australia Survey. Participants were categorised into nil to low (0-<500 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]·min/week), moderate (500-<1000 MET·min/week), or high (≥1000 MET·min/week) volumes. Symptoms of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and lumbopelvic pain were collected at corresponding timepoints. Associations between physical activity volume and musculoskeletal outcomes were examined using generalised estimating equations, adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, parity, and delivery mode.

Results: Nil to low physical activity was associated with greater pelvic organ prolapse severity (p = 0.002), but not with urinary incontinence or lumbopelvic pain. Gestational period was the strongest predictor of symptom severity across all outcomes (p < 0.001), peaking at 36-weeks' gestation and decreasing by 6 weeks postpartum. Parity and pre-pregnancy weight were predictors of urinary incontinence and lumbopelvic pain (p < 0.001), maternal age for urinary incontinence (p = 0.021), and delivery mode for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Physical activity volume was not significantly associated with urinary incontinence or lumbopelvic pain; however, nil to low physical activity was associated with increased pelvic organ prolapse symptom severity. Moderate physical activity during pregnancy may support optimal lumbopelvic musculoskeletal health.

Objectives: To examine changes in proximal patellar tendon structure during the adolescent growth spurt in athletes.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: 173 adolescent athletes aged 11-15 years from specialised sporting programmes were recruited. Data collection occurred biannually for 2.5 years. Chronological age and maturity offset were calculated. Patellar tendons were scanned using ultrasound tissue characterisation, the proximal attachment was classified as having a hypoechoic area absent/present, and structure was quantified into four distinct echotypes (I-IV). Generalised additive models and generalised additive mixed modelling assessed associations between changes in echotype proportions and chronological age or maturity offset.

Results: 147 of 173 participants had normal tendon structure (i.e., no hypoechoic area) at baseline and across the study. In these tendons, a stronger linear association with maturation offset, but not chronological age, was observed for all echotypes suggesting a subtle improvement in tendon structure (p ≤ 0.01). Nine tendons (n = 8 participants) were hypoechoic at baseline and had a significant association with maturation offset and aligned tendon structure (echotype I; p ≤ 0.01) but not for disorganised tendon structure (echotypes III, IV; p = 0.6). Another 17 tendons (n = 15 participants) developed a hypoechoic area across the study.

Conclusions: Proximal patellar tendon structure undergoes echotype changes during adolescence, which was linearly associated with maturity offset and not chronological age. Areas of disorganised patellar tendon structure in adolescents at baseline appeared unchanged despite continued exposure to high loads. Skeletal maturation appears a critical period in the development of a normal and abnormal, proximal patellar tendon attachment having implications for patellar tendinopathy prevention.

Objectives: To examine the dose-response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time trajectories with cardiac and all-cause mortality in a cohort of middle-aged and older-adults after a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Design: This prospective cohort study comprised Australian participants aged ≥45-years with CHD (2006-2020) who had self-reported MVPA (min/wk) and sitting time (hr/day) data from at least two survey waves.

Methods: MVPA and sitting time trajectories were categorised as remaining high, decreasing, increasing, and remaining low. Cardiac and all-cause mortality were the main outcomes. Associations were explored using Cox regression models.

Results: The cohort included 9430 participants (mean (SD) age, 70 (10) years; 3557 females (38 %)). During a median follow-up of 4.4 (IQR, 6.1) years, 540 cardiac and 2843 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with individuals that remained inactive, remaining active was associated with a 36 % and 49 % lower risk of cardiac and all-cause death, respectively. Decreasing or increasing MVPA over time was associated with a 20-33 % lower risk of all-cause death. Compared with high sitting time, individuals that maintained low sitting time or decreased their sitting time over time reduced the associated risk of cardiac and all-cause death by 33-38 %.

Conclusions: Regardless of pre-CHD diagnosis movement behaviours, individuals' post-CHD diagnosis can reduce their risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality by achieving the physical activity thresholds at any time and reducing their sitting time over-time. Further research is needed to confirm the physical activity and sitting time thresholds to receive these benefits.

Objectives: Physical literacy encompasses individual capabilities for lifelong physical activity. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is a 30-item pictorial tool designed to measure children's physical literacy across four domains (physical, psychological, social, cognitive). However, a shorter version may be desirable for research and practice. Therefore, the study goal was to derive a short version of the PL-C Quest.

Design: Observational/cross-sectional.

Methods: The PL-C Quest was completed by children aged 8-12 years (N = 620) via digital tablet. To select the most indicative items, we calculated a self-developed aggregate score consisting of nine indicators: factor loading, internal consistency, item difficulty, item-total correlation, univariate and multivariate associations with proxy-reported physical activity, eligibility for boys and for girls (test fairness/subgroup validity), and cross-cultural generalisability. Items with the highest scores in each domain (points [pts]) were selected for the short version. We analysed the association between the sum scores of the short and long version.

Results: The items 'speed' (22pts), 'cardiovascular endurance' (20pts), 'muscular endurance' (20pts), and 'movement skills' (5pts) were selected for the physical domain; 'motivation' (20pts), 'engagement/enjoyment' (19pts), and 'confidence' (14pts) for the psychological; 'relationships' (15pts) and 'society/culture' (14pts) for the social; 'strategy/planning' (20 pts), 'tactics' (18pts), and 'content knowledge' (17pts) for the cognitive domain. The domain-specific aggregate scores of the short version were strongly related to the respective scores of the long version (0.74 ≤ r ≤ 0.84).

Conclusions: The 12 items cover diverse yet central elements of children's physical literacy and empirically informed a short version of the PL-C Quest.

This study examined the associations between time of day, handgrip strength (HS), and gait speed using data from 10,785 participants. HS was higher in the afternoon (+0.4-0.5 kg) and evening (+0.9-1.0 kg) compared with the morning, and higher in the evening (+0.5 kg) compared with the afternoon. Time of day (hour) was positively associated with HS (β = 0.06 kg). No significant associations were observed for gait speed. In conclusion, HS was lowest in the morning, higher in the afternoon, and greatest in the evening. These results underscore the importance of considering time of day in HS assessments.

This study examines concussion knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among European American football athletes using an online survey. Data from 256 players (mean age 26.8 years (SD 4.9); 7.4 (SD 4.5) years of experience) across some of the highest leagues (Austrian Football League, German Football League, European League of Football) revealed an average concussion knowledge index of 17.9 (SD 2.3) of 25 and an attitude index of 63 (SD 6.3) of 75. Notably, 43.1 % of athletes reported they would continue to play despite experiencing concussion symptoms indicating a gap between knowledge, attitudes, and safe behavior. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational measures to improve the transfer of knowledge toward safer decision-making processes and to strengthen the prevention and management of concussions.