Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献_第6页

Adaptive cognitive tasks for mental fatigue: An innovative paradigm for cognitive loading in human performance 针对心理疲劳的自适应认知任务：人类表现中认知负荷的创新范例。

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.199

Walter Staiano , Marco Romagnoli , Lluís Raimon Salazar Bonet , Ana Ferri-Caruana

Objectives

Mental fatigue (MF) can impair cognitive and physical performance in sport. We tested the hypothesis that a shorter adaptive Time Load Dual Back (TLDB) task induces MF faster than a longer Stroop; and subsequently impairs cognitive and intermittent running performance.

Design

This study employed a randomized within-participant design.

Methods

25 trained individuals performed a Yo-Yo test after one of four experimental conditions (30-min Stroop, 20-min and 10-min TLDB tasks, and active control). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) before and after the experimental conditions. Measures of mood, workload, MF, RPE, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood lactate were collected. ANOVAs determined the effect of the 4 conditions.

Results

Stroop and 20-min TLDB conditions impaired running performance similarly (p = .015), while no differences are reported for 10-min TLDB and Control. No significant differences in physiological parameters were reported during the Yo-Yo test although RPE was significantly higher in the Stroop and 20-min TLDB conditions (p = .014). Stroop and both TLDBs conditions impaired PVT's cognitive performance (p = .029), MF (p = .012), mental demand (p < .001), HR (p = .021) and HRV (p = .033); with 20-min TLDB task having the higher significant impact. Mood alterations were similar between Stroop and TLDB conditions.

Conclusions

Intermittent running (Yo-Yo) and cognitive (PVT) performances, and subjective ratings were impaired by 30-min Stroop and 20-min TLDB tasks; while 10-min TLDB did not to impair performance. Shorter adaptive modes seem to be more effective in inducing MF and could have relevant clinical applications to assess conditions such as traumatic brain injury and concussion.

目的：心理疲劳（MF）会损害运动中的认知和体能表现。我们测试了以下假设：较短的适应性时间负荷双向后退（TLDB）任务比较长的 Stroop 任务更快地诱发 MF，从而损害认知和间歇性跑步表现：方法：25 名训练有素的人员在四种实验条件（30 分钟的 Stroop、20 分钟和 10 分钟的 TLDB 任务以及主动对照）之一之后进行了悠悠跑测试。在实验条件之前和之后，使用精神运动警觉任务（PVT）对认知能力进行评估。还收集了情绪、工作量、MF、RPE、心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和血乳酸的测量数据。方差分析确定了 4 种条件的影响：结果：Stroop 和 20 分钟 TLDB 条件对跑步成绩的影响相似（p = .015），而 10 分钟 TLDB 和对照组没有差异。尽管在 Stroop 和 20 分钟 TLDB 条件下 RPE 明显更高（p = .014），但在悠悠球测试中，生理参数无明显差异。在 Stroop 和两种 TLDB 条件下，PVT 的认知表现（p = .029）、MF（p = .012）和心理需求（p 结论：PVT 的认知表现、MF 和心理需求均受到影响：30 分钟的 Stroop 和 20 分钟的 TLDB 任务损害了间歇性跑步（悠悠）和认知（PVT）表现以及主观评价；而 10 分钟的 TLDB 没有损害表现。较短的适应模式似乎能更有效地诱导中枢神经功能，可用于评估脑外伤和脑震荡等情况的相关临床应用。

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引用次数: 0

The maintenance of core temperature in SCUBA divers: Contributions of anthropometrics, patent foramen ovale, and non-shivering thermogenesis 水肺潜水员核心体温的维持：人体测量学、卵圆孔开口和非颤抖性产热的贡献

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.010

Karleigh E. Bradbury , Kaitlyn G. DiMarco , Joel E. Futral , Rachel N. Lord , Justin A. Edward , Otto Barak , Igor Glavičić , Ivana Miloš , Ivan Drvis , Željko Dujić , Andrew T. Lovering

Objectives

To determine the influence of a patent foramen ovale and fibroblast growth factor-21 on core temperature (Tc) responses in SCUBA divers. Additionally, we aimed to quantify the individual and combined influences of wetsuit thickness and anthropometric data on Tc changes during the dives.

Design

An experimental study comparing the Tc responses between divers with (n = 17) and without a patent foramen ovale (n = 14).

Methods

A total of 31 divers participated in the study. Tc was measured pre- and post-dive in 17–18 °C sea water using a telemetric pill. Additionally, blood was drawn pre-dive and ~ 1–2 h post-dive for measurement of fibroblast growth factor-21.

Results

There was no influence of a patent foramen ovale on the Tc responses during SCUBA diving in either dive profile (p > 0.05). Additionally, there was no influence of SCUBA diving on fibroblast growth factor-21 concentrations (p > 0.05). The strongest positive and significant associations with the ∆ Tc/min were found when multiplying wetsuit thickness in millimeters by body mass (r² = 0.3147, p = 0.0010), BMI (r² = 0.3123, p = 0.0011), and body surface area (r² = 0.2877, p = 0.0019). There was a significant, negative linear relationship between the body surface area to mass ratio and ∆ Tc/min (r² = 0.2812, p = 0.0032).

Conclusions

These data suggest that Tc regulation during recreational SCUBA diving can be facilitated in part by the appropriate choice of wetsuit thickness for a given set of anthropometric characteristics.

目的是确定卵圆孔未闭（PFO）和成纤维细胞生长因子-21（FGF-21）对 SCUBA 潜水员核心温度（Tc）反应的影响。此外，我们还旨在量化潜水期间潜水衣厚度和人体测量数据对 Tc 变化的单独和综合影响。实验研究比较了有 PFO 的潜水员（17 人）和没有 PFO 的潜水员（14 人）的 Tc 反应。共有 31 名潜水员参与了这项研究。使用遥测药丸在潜水前后测量 Tc。此外，还在潜水前和潜水后约 1-2 小时抽血测量 FGF-21。在两种潜水情况下，PFO 对 SCUBA 潜水期间的 Tc 反应均无影响（P > 0.05）。此外，SCUBA 潜水对 FGF-21 浓度也没有影响（p > 0.05）。当以毫米为单位的潜水衣厚度乘以体重（r = 0.3147，p = 0.0010）、体重指数（r = 0.3123，p = 0.0011）和体表面积（r = 0.2877，p = 0.0019）时，发现与 ∆Tc/min 的正相关性最强且最显著。体表面积与质量比和ΔTc/分钟之间存在明显的负线性关系（图 1E；r = 0.2812，p = 0.0032）。当考虑人体测量特征和潜水衣厚度时，Tc 反应的相关性最强。这些数据表明，根据特定的人体测量特征选择合适的潜水衣厚度，可以在一定程度上促进休闲水肺潜水过程中的核心温度调节。

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引用次数: 0

Population-referenced percentiles for total movement and energetic play at early childhood education and care 幼儿教育和保育机构总运动量和活力游戏的人口参考百分位数

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.020

Stewart G. Trost , Jasper Schipperijn , Andrea Nathan , Luke Wolfenden , Serene Yoong , Trevor Shilton , Hayley E. Christian

Objectives

Childcare services such as preschools and long day care centres have been identified as a key setting to promote physical activity in early childhood as they provide access to large numbers of children for prolonged periods. Yet, specific standards for the type and amount of physical activity (PA) children accumulate whilst attending childcare are lacking. The purpose of this study was to derive population-referenced percentile values for children's total movement and energetic play whilst attending early childhood education and care services.

Design

We analysed accelerometer data collected in four Australian studies involving over 150 long day care services and 3893 accelerometer records from 1945 children to derive population-referenced percentile values for total movement and energetic play whilst attending formal early childhood education and care.

Methods

Accelerometer data were processed into time spent in total movement and energetic play using a random forest physical activity classification model. Total movement and energetic play estimates were transformed to a standard normal distribution and percentiles were calculated for a 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-hour early childhood education and care day.

Results

On an average 8-hour early childhood education and care day (50th percentile), Australian pre-schoolers spend between 269 and 292 min, or 60 % of their day in movement. In contrast, Australian pre-schoolers only accumulate between 15 and 29 min of energetic play.

Conclusions

The percentile reference values can be used to monitor young children's physical activity and energetic play levels whilst attending childcare. Educators can use the percentiles to assign norm-referenced ratings to identify children who could benefit from additional support for physical activity.

学前班和长期日托中心等托儿服务机构被认为是促进儿童早期体育锻炼的关键场所，因为这些机构能让大量儿童长时间接触这些机构。然而，对于儿童在托儿服务期间所积累的体力活动（PA）的类型和数量却缺乏具体的标准。本研究的目的是得出儿童在参加幼儿教育和保育服务期间的总运动量和精力游戏的人口参考百分位值。我们分析了澳大利亚四项研究中收集的加速度计数据，这些数据涉及 150 多家长期日托服务机构和来自 1945 名儿童的 3893 个加速度计记录，从而得出了儿童在接受正规幼儿教育和保育时的总运动量和精力游戏的人口参考百分位值。使用随机森林体力活动分类模型将加速度计数据处理为总运动时间和体力游戏时间。总运动量和高能量游戏估计值被转换为标准正态分布，并计算出幼儿教育和保育一天中 4、6、8 和 10 小时的百分位数。在平均 8 小时的幼儿教育和保育日（第 50 百分位数）中，澳大利亚学龄前儿童的运动时间为 269 到 292 分钟，占一天时间的 60%。相比之下，澳大利亚学龄前儿童仅积累了 15 到 29 分钟的精力充沛的游戏时间。百分位参考值可用于监测幼儿在入托期间的体力活动和精力游戏水平。教育工作者可以使用百分位数来进行常模参考评级，以确定哪些儿童可以从额外的体育活动支持中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Replication study: Investigating the effects of maximal anaerobic fatigue on dynamic postural control using the Y-Balance Test 重复研究：使用 Y 平衡测试调查最大无氧疲劳对动态姿势控制的影响

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.018

Ciara Byrne, Jennifer Murphy, Joe P. Warne

Objectives

The aim of this study was to replicate the study titled “Investigating the effects of maximal anaerobic fatigue on dynamic postural control using the Y-Balance Test” by Johnston et al. (2018) as part of a large replication project. This study aimed to determine the effects of maximal anaerobic fatigue on dynamic postural control using the Y-Balance Test, with a specific focus on anterior reach distance.

Design

A single session intervention.

Methods

Forty male and female university students (age: 22 ± 3 years, height: 171.88 ± 8.96 cm, mass: 76.20 ± 14.31 kg) partaking in competitive sport, completed a Y-Balance Test protocol at 20, 10, and 0 min before a modified 60 s Wingate fatiguing protocol. Post-fatigue assessments were completed at 0, 10, and 20 min after the Wingate test. Replication outcomes included significance, direction, and effect size comparison using a z-test.

Results

A one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect for maximal anaerobic fatigue on normalised anterior reach direction (F_{1.82, 69.03} = 7.16, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.159; 95 % CI: 0.025, 0.320). Therefore, we replicated the original findings for anterior reach distance in terms of statistical significance (F = 3.818, p = 0.025, η_p² = 0.376; 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.62). The replication and original effect size estimates for anterior reach direction were compared using a z-test and were deemed compatible (z = 1.65, p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Overall, we replicated the original study findings for the effect of maximal anaerobic fatigue on anterior reach distance in a Y-Balance Test.

本研究的目的是复制约翰斯顿等人（2018 年）题为""的研究，作为大型复制项目的一部分。本研究旨在利用 Y 平衡测试确定最大无氧疲劳对动态姿势控制的影响，特别关注前伸距离。单节课干预。参加竞技体育运动的 40 名男女大学生（年龄：22 ± 3 岁，身高：171.88 ± 8.96 厘米，体重：76.20 ± 14.31 千克），在经过修改的 60 秒 Wingate 疲劳方案之前，分别在 20 分钟、10 分钟和 0 分钟完成了 Y 平衡测试方案。疲劳后评估在 Wingate 测试后 0、10 和 20 分钟完成。复制结果包括显著性、方向和使用 z 检验的效应大小比较。单向重复测量方差分析显示，最大无氧疲劳对归一化前伸方向有显著影响（F = 7.16, p = 0.002, η = 0.159; 95 % CI: 0.025, 0.320）。因此，我们在统计意义上复制了前伸距离的原始结果（F = 3.818，p = 0.025，η = 0.376；95 % CI：0.00，0.62）。使用 z 检验比较了前伸方向的复制和原始效应大小估计值，结果显示两者是一致的（z = 1.65，p = 0.05）。总体而言，我们在 Y 平衡测试中复制了最大无氧疲劳对前伸距离影响的原始研究结果。

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引用次数: 0

The delta concept does not effectively normalise exercise responses to exhaustive interval training 德尔塔概念并不能有效地使竭尽全力的间歇训练的运动反应正常化

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.019

Arthur Henrique Bossi , Wouter Timmerman , Diana Cole , Louis Passfield , James Hopker

Objectives

This study was designed to quantify inter- and intra-individual variability in performance, physiological, and perceptual responses to high-intensity interval training prescribed using the percentage of delta (%Δ) method, in which the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O_2max) are taken into account to normalise relative exercise intensity.

Design

Repeated-measures, within-subjects design with mixed-effects modelling.

Methods

Eighteen male and four female cyclists (age: 36 ± 12 years, height: 178 ± 10 cm, body mass: 75.2 ± 13.7 kg, V̇O_2max: 51.6 ± 5.3 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) undertook an incremental test to exhaustion to determine the gas exchange threshold and V̇O_2max as prescription benchmarks. On separate occasions, participants then completed four high-intensity interval training sessions of identical intensity (70 %Δ) and format (4-min on, 2-min off); all performed to exhaustion. Acute high-intensity interval training responses were modelled with participant as a random effect to provide estimates of inter- and intra-individual variability.

Results

Greater variability was generally observed at the between- compared with the within-individual level, ranging from 50 % to 89 % and from 11 % to 50 % of the total variability, respectively. For the group mean time to exhaustion of 20.3 min, inter- and intra-individual standard deviations reached 9.3 min (coefficient of variation = 46 %) and 4.5 min (coefficient of variation = 22 %), respectively.

Conclusions

Due to the high variability observed, the %Δ method does not effectively normalise the relative intensity of exhaustive high-intensity interval training across individuals. The generally larger inter- versus intra-individual variability suggests that day-to-day biological fluctuations and/or measurement errors cannot explain the identified shortcoming of the method.

本研究旨在量化个体间和个体内对高强度间歇训练的成绩、生理和知觉反应的变异性，采用Δ百分比（%Δ）方法，其中考虑了气体交换阈值和最大摄氧量（V̇O），以规范化相对运动强度。采用混合效应建模的重复测量、受试者内设计。18 名男性和 4 名女性自行车运动员（年龄：36 ± 12 岁，身高：178 ± 10 厘米，体重：75.2 ± 13.7 千克，V̇O：51.6 ± 5.3 ml-kg-min）进行了一次力竭增量测试，以确定气体交换阈值和作为处方基准的 V̇O。然后，参与者分别完成了四次强度（70%Δ）和形式（4 分钟开始，2 分钟结束）相同的高强度间歇训练；所有训练均进行到力竭。对急性高强度间歇训练反应进行建模，将参与者作为随机效应，以估算个体间和个体内的变异性。与个体内水平相比，个体间水平的变异性通常更大，分别占总变异性的 50% 至 89% 和 11% 至 50%。对于 20.3 分钟的组平均力竭时间，个体间和个体内的标准偏差分别达到 9.3 分钟（变异系数 = 46 %）和 4.5 分钟（变异系数 = 22 %）。由于观察到的变异性较高，%Δ 方法不能有效地将不同个体的高强度间歇训练的相对强度正常化。个体间与个体内的变异性普遍较大，这表明日常生物波动和/或测量误差无法解释该方法的缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Antidoping testing and testicle cancer diagnosis: An unexpected helper 反兴奋剂检测和睾丸癌诊断：意想不到的助手

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.001

Marco Vecchiato , Veronica Baioccato , Stefano Palermi

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is prohibited in male athletes due to its potential performance-enhancing effects. Some athletes with elevated hCG levels during routine doping tests have been diagnosed with testicular cancer, highlighting the inadvertent role of anti-doping screening in cancer detection. This study explores the incidental detection of testicular cancer through routine anti-doping tests among elite athletes, aiming to raise awareness about the potential secondary benefits of these screenings. We have analyzed cases from the past decade to demonstrate how early detection has facilitated timely medical interventions, allowing athletes to heal and return to competitive sports. Through these instances, athletes become unintentional advocates, contributing to public health awareness about this topic.

由于人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）可能具有提高成绩的作用，因此禁止男性运动员使用。一些在常规兴奋剂检测中发现 hCG 水平升高的运动员被确诊为睾丸癌，这凸显了反兴奋剂筛查在癌症检测中的无意作用。本研究探讨了在精英运动员中通过常规反兴奋剂检测意外发现睾丸癌的情况，旨在提高人们对这些筛查可能带来的二次效益的认识。我们分析了过去十年中的案例，以展示早期检测如何促进了及时的医疗干预，使运动员得以痊愈并重返竞技体育。通过这些案例，运动员无意中成为了宣传者，促进了公众对这一话题的健康意识。

引用次数: 0

Injury surveillance of head and neck injuries with a special focus on sport-related concussions: Eight seasons observational study in professional football in Qatar 头颈部损伤监测，特别关注与运动相关的脑震荡：卡塔尔职业足球八季观察研究。

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.202

Souhail Chebbi , Andreas Bjerregaard , Montassar Tabben , Karim Chamari , Louis Holtzhausen

Objectives

To describe the head and neck injuries with a focus on Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) in professional football in Qatar (PFQ) during eight consecutive seasons.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Methods

Seventeen PFQ teams were included over eight seasons (2013/14–2020/21) study. The injury data were collected by the respective clubs' medical staff using standardized (time-loss injuries) protocols.

Results

Data were obtained from 119 teams' seasons resulting in a total of 87 head and neck injuries (1.8 % of the 4736 time-loss injuries). Head and neck injury rate was of 0.57 injury/squad-season (95%CI: 0.56–0.59), representing 0.12 injury/1000 h (95%CI: 0.09–0.14). Thirty-three concussions were recorded. The concussion rate was 0.25 injury/squad-season (95%CI: 0.23–0.26), representing 0.04 injury/1000 h (95%CI: 0.03–0.06). The concussion proportion of all head injuries was 31.7 % during the four initial seasons and 43.5 % during the following four seasons with a non-significant increase of 11.8 % (X² = 1267, p = 0.26).

Conclusions

Injury rates in this cohort remain lower than comparable leagues elsewhere. Even though the incidence rate of SRC did not change significantly over the eight seasons, seasonal variations' trend may indicate that the medical staff are more aware of diagnosing head and neck injuries, including concussion.

目的：描述卡塔尔职业足球队连续八个赛季的头颈部受伤情况，重点关注运动相关脑震荡（SRC）：描述卡塔尔职业足球（PFQ）连续八个赛季的头部和颈部受伤情况，重点是运动相关脑震荡（SRC）：设计：前瞻性观察研究：在八个赛季（2013/14-2020/21）的研究中纳入了 17 支卡塔尔职业足球队。伤病数据由各俱乐部医务人员采用标准化（时间损失伤病）方案收集：从 119 支球队的赛季中获得的数据显示，共有 87 例头部和颈部受伤（占 4736 例失时受伤的 1.8%）。头颈部受伤率为 0.57 次/赛季（95%CI：0.56-0.59），即 0.12 次/1000 小时（95%CI：0.09-0.14）。有 33 例脑震荡记录。脑震荡发生率为 0.25 次/队季（95%CI：0.23-0.26），即 0.04 次/千小时（95%CI：0.03-0.06）。在最初的四个赛季中，脑震荡在所有头部伤害中所占比例为 31.7%，而在随后的四个赛季中，这一比例为 43.5%，增加了 11.8%，但并不显著（X2 = 1267，P = 0.26）：本组数据的受伤率仍低于其他地区的同类联赛。尽管在八个赛季中，SRC 的发生率没有显著变化，但季节性变化趋势可能表明医务人员对包括脑震荡在内的头颈部损伤的诊断意识有所提高。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of Alzheimer's disease-related gene expression following high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise interventions 探索高强度和中等强度运动干预后阿尔茨海默病相关基因的表达。

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.017

Kieran J. Marston , Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas , Tenielle Porter , Lidija Milicic , Michael Vacher , Kelsey R. Sewell , Jeremiah J. Peiffer , Simon M. Laws , Belinda M. Brown

Objectives

There are currently 29 genome regions that demonstrate associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Regular physical exercise can promote systemic change in gene expression and may modify the risk of cognitive decline and AD. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial and examines the effect of a six-month exercise intervention versus control on AD-related gene expression.

Design

Single-site parallel pilot randomised controlled trial.

Methods

91 cognitively unimpaired older adults were enrolled in the Intense Physical Activity and Cognition (IPAC) study. Participants were randomised into one of three groups: high-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, or inactive control for six months. Blood samples were collected prior to, and within two weeks of intervention completion, for later expression analysis of 96 genes. To explore the relationship between changes in gene expression and the intervention groups, an interaction term (“time point × intervention group”) was subsequently used.

Results

There were no significant differences in gene expression between the three intervention groups at baseline, nor after the intervention. Within groups, five genes were upregulated, seven were downregulated and the remainder remained unchanged. None of the examined genes showed significant change from pre- to post-intervention in the exercise groups compared to the control.

Conclusions

Exercise does not change AD-related gene expression in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Several gene expression targets have been identified for further study.

目的：目前有 29 个基因组区域显示与阿尔茨海默病（AD）风险有关。有规律的体育锻炼能促进基因表达的系统性变化，并可能改变认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病的风险。本研究是对一项随机对照试验的二次分析，探讨了为期六个月的运动干预与对照组相比对阿兹海默症相关基因表达的影响：方法：91 名认知功能未受损的老年人参加了 "强体力活动与认知"（IPAC）研究。参与者被随机分为三组：高强度运动组、中等强度运动组或非活动对照组，为期六个月。研究人员在干预前和干预结束后两周内采集了血液样本，以便随后对 96 个基因进行表达分析。为了探讨基因表达变化与干预组之间的关系，随后使用了交互项（"时间点 × 干预组"）：结果：三个干预组之间的基因表达在基线和干预后都没有明显差异。在各组内，5 个基因上调，7 个基因下调，其余基因保持不变。与对照组相比，运动组没有一个基因在干预前和干预后发生显著变化：结论：运动不会改变认知功能未受损的老年人与老年痴呆症相关的基因表达。已确定了几个基因表达靶点，有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

The associations between organized sport participation and physical fitness and weight status development during adolescence 青少年时期参加有组织体育运动与体能和体重状况发展之间的关系

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.013

Iiris Kolunsarka , David Stodden , Arto Gråstèn , Mikko Huhtiniemi , Timo Jaakkola

Objectives

We are yet to understand how continuous participation in organized sports, dropout from organized sports, or complete non-participation affect adolescents' trajectories of physical fitness and body mass index (BMI). Thus, the aim was to examine longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI between adolescents 1) who continued or started organized sport participation, 2) who dropped out, and 3) who never participated in organized sport or dropped out before adolescence.

Design

Longitudinal observational study.

Methods

Over four years (2017–2021), sport participation, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI data were collected annually from 963 participants (Mage = 11.25 ± 0.31). Latent growth curve models were utilized to examine levels (baseline) and slopes (rate of change) of BMI, cardiorespiratory, and muscular fitness in each sport participation group.

Results

Fitness levels significantly varied among groups. Continuing sport participants exhibited the highest levels, non-participants the lowest. Both groups showed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness over time. Dropouts had higher baseline fitness than non-participants but demonstrated no change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time and a significantly smaller increase in muscular fitness than the two other groups. BMI increased similarly in all groups, with non-participants starting at higher baseline levels.

Conclusions

Individuals who continually participated in sports maintained higher levels of fitness than individuals who did not participate in organized sports across adolescence. However, individuals who dropped out of organized sports, showed plateau in their fitness improvements, suggesting that the physical activity previously obtained through organized sports may not be replaced elsewhere.

{"title":"The associations between organized sport participation and physical fitness and weight status development during adolescence","authors":"Iiris Kolunsarka , David Stodden , Arto Gråstèn , Mikko Huhtiniemi , Timo Jaakkola","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We are yet to understand how continuous participation in organized sports, dropout from organized sports, or complete non-participation affect adolescents' trajectories of physical fitness and body mass index (BMI). Thus, the aim was to examine longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI between adolescents 1) who continued or started organized sport participation, 2) who dropped out, and 3) who never participated in organized sport or dropped out before adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Longitudinal observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Over four years (2017–2021), sport participation, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and BMI data were collected annually from 963 participants (Mage = 11.25 ± 0.31). Latent growth curve models were utilized to examine levels (baseline) and slopes (rate of change) of BMI, cardiorespiratory, and muscular fitness in each sport participation group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fitness levels significantly varied among groups. Continuing sport participants exhibited the highest levels, non-participants the lowest. Both groups showed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness over time. Dropouts had higher baseline fitness than non-participants but demonstrated no change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time and a significantly smaller increase in muscular fitness than the two other groups. BMI increased similarly in all groups, with non-participants starting at higher baseline levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals who continually participated in sports maintained higher levels of fitness than individuals who did not participate in organized sports across adolescence. However, individuals who dropped out of organized sports, showed plateau in their fitness improvements, suggesting that the physical activity previously obtained through organized sports may not be replaced elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 12","pages":"Pages 863-868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Injury epidemiology in male and female competitive diving athletes: A four-year observational study 男女跳水运动员的损伤流行病学：为期四年的观察研究

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.204

Benjamin M. Currie , Michael Hetherington , Gordon Waddington , Nicholas A.T. Brown , Michael K. Drew , Jeremy Witchalls , Liam A. Toohey

Objectives

To describe the incidence, severity, burden and sport specific characteristics of injuries reported in elite diving athletes.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods

Medical attention and time-loss injuries from 63 (43 female, 20 male) Australian national diving programme athletes were prospectively collected over four seasons (September 2018–August 2022). Injury incidence rates and burden were calculated, standardised per 365 athlete days, and compared across groups using negative binomial generalised linear models.

Results

In total 421 injuries were reported (female = 292, male = 129) at an injury incidence rate of 2.36 (95 % confidence interval = 2.14–2.60) per 365 athlete days. Annual injury prevalence ranged from 70.0 to 85.1 %. Approximately two-thirds of injuries (67.2 %) resulted in a period of time-loss. The overall injury burden was 91 days of absence (95 % confidence interval = 81–102) per 365 athlete days. Stress fractures in springboard diving athletes incurred the largest mean days of time-loss compared to other injured tissue types. The majority of injuries were reported to occur during training (79.3 %) as opposed to competition (2.4 %), with more than half (55.3 %) of all reported injuries occurring during pool training sessions. Water entry (30.4 %) or take-off (27.8 %) were the most frequently reported mechanism of injury.

Conclusions

Annual injury prevalence reported in competitive Australian diving athletes was found to be high. Contrary to existing literature, competitive diving injuries were reported to occur within the daily training environment, with few injuries occurring during competition. Notable injury differences between springboard and platform athletes were observed.

描述精英跳水运动员受伤的发生率、严重程度、负担和运动特征。描述性流行病学研究。在四个赛季（2018 年 9 月至 2022 年 8 月）中，前瞻性地收集了 63 名澳大利亚国家跳水项目运动员（43 名女性，20 名男性）的医疗护理和时间损失伤害情况。采用负二项广义线性模型计算受伤发生率和受伤负担，并对每 365 个运动员日进行标准化，然后在不同组别之间进行比较。共报告了 421 起受伤事件（女性 = 292 起，男性 = 129 起），受伤发生率为每 365 个运动员日 2.36 起（95 % 置信区间 = 2.14-2.60），男女之间的发生率相当（发生率比 = 0.97；95 % 置信区间 = 0.73-1.27，p = 0.807）。年受伤率从 70.0% 到 85.1% 不等。约三分之二的伤害（n = 283，67.2%）导致了时间损失，伤害发生率为 1.58（95 % 置信区间 = 1.41-1.78）。总体受伤负担为每 365 个运动员日缺勤 91 天（95 % 置信区间 = 81-102）。与其他受伤组织类型相比，跳板跳水运动员的应力性骨折造成的平均缺勤天数最多。据报告，大多数损伤发生在训练期间（n = 334，79.3%），而不是比赛期间（n = 10，2.4%），在所有报告的损伤中，一半以上（n = 233，55.3%）发生在泳池训练期间。据报告，最常见的受伤机制是在起跳（27.8%）或入水（30.4%）时受伤。据报告，澳大利亚竞技跳水运动员的年度受伤率非常高。与现有文献相反，据报告，竞技跳水受伤发生在日常训练环境中，很少在比赛中受伤。跳板和跳台竞技跳水运动员的受伤情况存在明显差异。

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