In a world hungry for energy, large-scale dam projects continue to expand, yet they often trigger involuntary displacement in rural areas—posing urgent economic, social, and political challenges. This study argues that structured and phased emphasis on migrants' social relations is essential for fostering social integration, where the goals of rapid adaptation and long-term stability should be distinguished. Using an analytical approach to measure adaptability and stability among displaced populations, we identify four social integration types—Disengagement, Isolation, Assimilation, and Co-existence—and examine their influencing factors with particular attention to various types of social interactions. A survey of involuntary rural migrants from the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) project in China, who had been relocated for about 20 years, highlighted distinct roles for kinship, geo-, and home-village relations: 3–5 stable local contacts facilitate adaptation, 8–10 promote long-term stability, while over-reliance on kin or home-village networks can impede broader integration. These findings underscore the varying social integration experiences of Disengagement (minimal local and kin attachments), Isolation (strong kin/home-village relations but weak local bonds), Assimilation (increasing local presence yet retaining strong home-village relations), and Co-existence (more balanced kin/home-village relations alongside high geo-relations). These findings underscore the need to foster geo-relations, diversify interaction partners, and adopt mixed resettlement modes. We further outline post-relocation priorities aimed at improving migrants’ social integration at different stages. This study contributes by advancing a dual-phase perspective of adaptation and stability, proposing a typology of integration scenarios, and demonstrating the temporal shifts in the functions of different social ties.
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