The metal mirror processing methods used today frequently produce mirror surfaces with "locked-in" stresses that eventually lead to expensive surface rework for a finished optical product. This paper focusses on the optical fabrication process where improvements in mirror blank manufacturing can be made which produce stable optical surfaces operable under severe environmental variations for long periods of time.
{"title":"Processing Metal Mirrors for Dimensional Stability","authors":"R. Paquin","doi":"10.1364/oft.1981.tb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1981.tb1","url":null,"abstract":"The metal mirror processing methods used today frequently produce mirror surfaces with \"locked-in\" stresses that eventually lead to expensive surface rework for a finished optical product. This paper focusses on the optical fabrication process where improvements in mirror blank manufacturing can be made which produce stable optical surfaces operable under severe environmental variations for long periods of time.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"130 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131996594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of a worldwide sluggish economy many manufacturers of optical instruments are searching for ways to reduce cost of their products. This talk will attempt to deal with this subject by examining some potential tolerancing trade-offs which have proven successful in reducing manufacturing cost without adversely affecting optical performance.
{"title":"Shaping Methods and Cost Trade-Offs","authors":"J. Plummer","doi":"10.1364/oft.1982.mb6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1982.mb6","url":null,"abstract":"Because of a worldwide sluggish economy many manufacturers of optical instruments are searching for ways to reduce cost of their products. This talk will attempt to deal with this subject by examining some potential tolerancing trade-offs which have proven successful in reducing manufacturing cost without adversely affecting optical performance.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of an automated scatterometer for production testing of high quality optical surfaces is presented.
介绍了一种用于高质量光学表面生产测试的自动散射计的设计。
{"title":"Automated Scatterometer for High Quality Optical Surfaces","authors":"Rami Schlair, B. Truax","doi":"10.1364/oft.1984.thdc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1984.thdc3","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an automated scatterometer for production testing of high quality optical surfaces is presented.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133146665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Johnson, R. E. Hugenberger, F. Marchi, R. Ozarski, S. Warshaw, K. R. Bradley
Livermore's Novette laser has served as a test bed facility for large aperture (74 cm) frequency conversion crystal arrays1. Crystal arrays are matrix assemblies of KDP segments sandwiched between support windows to form a monolithic structure that operates on the laser as a single optical element.
{"title":"An Optical System for Precision Orientation of Frequency Conversion Array Crystals*","authors":"B. Johnson, R. E. Hugenberger, F. Marchi, R. Ozarski, S. Warshaw, K. R. Bradley","doi":"10.1364/oft.1984.fdb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1984.fdb3","url":null,"abstract":"Livermore's Novette laser has served as a test bed facility for large aperture (74 cm) frequency conversion crystal arrays1. Crystal arrays are matrix assemblies of KDP segments sandwiched between support windows to form a monolithic structure that operates on the laser as a single optical element.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132860924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Reid surface-grinder, available in many university shops has been economically modified for the fabrication of cylindrical surfaces, either convex or concave, with radii of curvature in the 5 to 10 meter range (0.4 to 0.2 diopter). The generation of larger radii of curvature requires only a slight modification of the current apparatus.
{"title":"A Low-Budget Cylindrical-Surface Generator","authors":"J. F. McGee, Craig M. Mierkowski","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ffc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ffc2","url":null,"abstract":"A Reid surface-grinder, available in many university shops has been economically modified for the fabrication of cylindrical surfaces, either convex or concave, with radii of curvature in the 5 to 10 meter range (0.4 to 0.2 diopter). The generation of larger radii of curvature requires only a slight modification of the current apparatus.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122308138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reliable performance of an individual component intended for use in an optical system can only be predicted after making one or more characterizing measurements. Some of those important measurements are figure, reflectance, and scatter. The intent of this paper is to describe instrumentation and techniques used in determining those factors for reflectors ranging in size up to 0.4 meters in diameter.
{"title":"Optical Instrumentation for Large Mirror Measurements","authors":"P. Archibald","doi":"10.1364/oft.1981.tc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1981.tc6","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable performance of an individual component intended for use in an optical system can only be predicted after making one or more characterizing measurements. Some of those important measurements are figure, reflectance, and scatter. The intent of this paper is to describe instrumentation and techniques used in determining those factors for reflectors ranging in size up to 0.4 meters in diameter.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122509584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasonic machining or impact grinding is the use of ultrasonically induced vibrations delivered to a designed tool combined with an abrasive slurry, to produce accurate cavities of regular and odd shapes in hard brittle materials such as: fused quartz, glass, crystal, ceramic, carbides and various metals. Ultrasonic machining is a non-thermal, non-chemical, non-electrical process, and creates no change in the metallurgical, chemical or physical properties of the substrate.
{"title":"ULTRASONIC MACHINING (Impact Grinding)*","authors":"Hartford L. Rutan","doi":"10.1364/oft.1984.thda5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1984.thda5","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic machining or impact grinding is the use of ultrasonically induced vibrations delivered to a designed tool combined with an abrasive slurry, to produce accurate cavities of regular and odd shapes in hard brittle materials such as: fused quartz, glass, crystal, ceramic, carbides and various metals. Ultrasonic machining is a non-thermal, non-chemical, non-electrical process, and creates no change in the metallurgical, chemical or physical properties of the substrate.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aspheric optical surfaces fill the need to generate non-standard wavefront profiles in many modern optical systems. Interferometric tests have been developed to measure the extreme phase errors, relative to a spherical reference, which occur near the outer regions of the aperture. Several null compensation techniques have been described. For example, a null lens designed to generate an aspheric reference wavefront can be used to negate the effect of the surface figure resulting in measurement of deviations from the desired asphere. Alternatively, computer generated holograms have been used in two-beam interferometers such that the wavefront from the aspheric test surface is compared to a "perfect" wavefront generated by the hologram. A second class of techniques based on shearing interferometry have also been described. For example, a lateral shear interferometer, in which two displaced wavefronts from the same test surface are interfered, does not require compensating optics or a reference surface to measure aspheric figure errors.
{"title":"Subaperture Interferometric Testing of Aspheric Optics","authors":"Rick A. Williams, O. Kwon","doi":"10.1364/oft.1987.thaa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1987.thaa3","url":null,"abstract":"Aspheric optical surfaces fill the need to generate non-standard wavefront profiles in many modern optical systems. Interferometric tests have been developed to measure the extreme phase errors, relative to a spherical reference, which occur near the outer regions of the aperture. Several null compensation techniques have been described. For example, a null lens designed to generate an aspheric reference wavefront can be used to negate the effect of the surface figure resulting in measurement of deviations from the desired asphere. Alternatively, computer generated holograms have been used in two-beam interferometers such that the wavefront from the aspheric test surface is compared to a \"perfect\" wavefront generated by the hologram. A second class of techniques based on shearing interferometry have also been described. For example, a lateral shear interferometer, in which two displaced wavefronts from the same test surface are interfered, does not require compensating optics or a reference surface to measure aspheric figure errors.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"395 1-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114016076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In testing optical surfaces, several very useful tests are those which depend on the slope of the surface These include the Hartmann test, Ronchi test, Foucault knife-edge test, and others.1
{"title":"Application of Zernike Polynomials to Reduction of Wavefront-Slope Data","authors":"Nancy H. Davis, T. Fritz","doi":"10.1364/oft.1979.st39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1979.st39","url":null,"abstract":"In testing optical surfaces, several very useful tests are those which depend on the slope of the surface These include the Hartmann test, Ronchi test, Foucault knife-edge test, and others.1","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction of Pitch Laps for Constant and Nonconstant Radius Work","authors":"N. J. Brown","doi":"10.1364/oft.1986.wa8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.wa8","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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