Interferometry has gained general acceptance as the most credible single test means for the optical system or component whose optical path difference (OPD) must be a few wavelengths of light or less. The optical shop must be capable of delivering not only the optic that the customer ordered, but also an interferogram demonstrating the optic's quality.
{"title":"Interferometry By Diffraction Plate and Scatter-Plate","authors":"E. W. Cross","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ffa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ffa2","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometry has gained general acceptance as the most credible single test means for the optical system or component whose optical path difference (OPD) must be a few wavelengths of light or less. The optical shop must be capable of delivering not only the optic that the customer ordered, but also an interferogram demonstrating the optic's quality.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116894798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The health concerns with the materials that are used in the coating industry are a reflection of the health concerns that have occured throughout all of industry. Let's take a look at where much of this concern is coming from.
涂料行业中使用的材料的健康问题反映了整个行业中出现的健康问题。让我们来看看这些担忧来自哪里。
{"title":"Optical Materials and Health Concerns","authors":"Eugene A. Port","doi":"10.1364/oft.1982.ma7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1982.ma7","url":null,"abstract":"The health concerns with the materials that are used in the coating industry are a reflection of the health concerns that have occured throughout all of industry. Let's take a look at where much of this concern is coming from.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Gourley, Theresa Aiello, N. Brown, V. Chupp, Joseph Giove, D. Gourley, Tom Handy
This demonstration session brought together a group of optical cleaning problems. They were: 1. Cleaning a Brewster's angle polarizer before and after coating. 2. Cleaning a Master Optic before replication. 3. Cleaning a laser amplifier disc immediately before assembly. 4. Cleaning a lens in its metal holder. Participants demonstrated their techniques, special tools and materials.
{"title":"Demonstration - Cleaning Optics","authors":"H. Gourley, Theresa Aiello, N. Brown, V. Chupp, Joseph Giove, D. Gourley, Tom Handy","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.fthe2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.fthe2","url":null,"abstract":"This demonstration session brought together a group of optical cleaning problems. They were:\u0000 1. Cleaning a Brewster's angle polarizer before and after coating.\u0000 2. Cleaning a Master Optic before replication.\u0000 3. Cleaning a laser amplifier disc immediately before assembly.\u0000 4. Cleaning a lens in its metal holder.\u0000 Participants demonstrated their techniques, special tools and materials.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"86 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many reasons for using thin film epoxy replicas besides significant cost savings for the individual components. These reasons are described using actual applications as examples. Substrate requirements for these applications range from a flat surface for a flat mirror, to a spherical surface for a moderately fast parabola, to an ellipsoidal surface for a highly aspheric ellipsoid. A description of the replica defects caused by surface defects in the substrate is presented. Also included is a brief description of the tooling, production lead times and cost volume relationships for these applications.
{"title":"Epoxy Replication of Aspheric Optics*","authors":"Harold M. Weissman","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.tua6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.tua6","url":null,"abstract":"There are many reasons for using thin film epoxy replicas besides significant cost savings for the individual components. These reasons are described using actual applications as examples. Substrate requirements for these applications range from a flat surface for a flat mirror, to a spherical surface for a moderately fast parabola, to an ellipsoidal surface for a highly aspheric ellipsoid. A description of the replica defects caused by surface defects in the substrate is presented. Also included is a brief description of the tooling, production lead times and cost volume relationships for these applications.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123455230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal-Kinematic Design Considerations","authors":"Jack T. Smith","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.tub6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.tub6","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing infrared optical components, up until the recent past, usually meant optical surfacing by conventional methods. Grinding and polishing have been the primary surfacing processes for both spherical and aspheric optics. Recent advances in both diamond turning and forging of infrared materials is providing a new competitive platform for surfacing which, in turn, is substantially changing design and manufacturing strategies. It is hoped that by informing users of recent advances in diamond turning, forward thinking in the design area will be encouraged. This paper is divided into two parts - a review of diamond turning fundamentals, followed by a presentation of selected turning results in I.R. materials.
{"title":"Diamond Turning Of Aspheric Infrared Optical Components","authors":"David C. Wender","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ftha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ftha1","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing infrared optical components, up until the recent past, usually meant optical surfacing by conventional methods. Grinding and polishing have been the primary surfacing processes for both spherical and aspheric optics. Recent advances in both diamond turning and forging of infrared materials is providing a new competitive platform for surfacing which, in turn, is substantially changing design and manufacturing strategies. It is hoped that by informing users of recent advances in diamond turning, forward thinking in the design area will be encouraged. This paper is divided into two parts - a review of diamond turning fundamentals, followed by a presentation of selected turning results in I.R. materials.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Guha, W. Southwell, R. Mickish, J. L. Martin, C. Johnson, M. Bobb, H. Ready, J. Chambers
A diamond turned aluminum cone was coated with a multilayer dielectric coating which was designed to produce a 90° phase shift at 10.6 μm between the S and P components on reflection.
在金刚石加工的铝锥上涂上多层介质涂层，使反射时S和P分量在10.6 μm处产生90°相移。
{"title":"Coating and Metrology of a 90° Phase Shift Coated Cone","authors":"J. Guha, W. Southwell, R. Mickish, J. L. Martin, C. Johnson, M. Bobb, H. Ready, J. Chambers","doi":"10.1364/oft.1981.fd2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1981.fd2","url":null,"abstract":"A diamond turned aluminum cone was coated with a multilayer dielectric coating which was designed to produce a 90° phase shift at 10.6 μm between the S and P components on reflection.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124581243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the digital heterodyne interferometer, the single frequency output of a laser is split, and each component is frequency shifted by separate Bragg cells. The difference of the frequency shifts can be 0 Hz for conventional "see the fringe" operation, or 1 MHz for accurate phase measurement. One of these components then has its polarization rotated by 90°, and the two are combined without loss by a polarization selective beam combiner cube. The composite beam is expanded to 2 cm, and injected into a polarization selective Twyman-Green interferometer. Each arm has a quarter-wave plate oriented such that the return radiation has its polarization rotated 90°, and the two beams then exit the interferometer. Thus, at the interference plane there exists light of orthogonal polarizations with one polarization having traveled the reference path and one the test path; and the polarizations have a 1 MHz frequency difference. A linear polarizer oriented at a 45° angle to these polarizations causes the beams to mix.
{"title":"Optical Testing with the Digital Heterodyne Interferometer","authors":"N. A. Massie","doi":"10.1364/oft.1981.wa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1981.wa7","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital heterodyne interferometer, the single frequency output of a laser is split, and each component is frequency shifted by separate Bragg cells. The difference of the frequency shifts can be 0 Hz for conventional \"see the fringe\" operation, or 1 MHz for accurate phase measurement. One of these components then has its polarization rotated by 90°, and the two are combined without loss by a polarization selective beam combiner cube. The composite beam is expanded to 2 cm, and injected into a polarization selective Twyman-Green interferometer. Each arm has a quarter-wave plate oriented such that the return radiation has its polarization rotated 90°, and the two beams then exit the interferometer. Thus, at the interference plane there exists light of orthogonal polarizations with one polarization having traveled the reference path and one the test path; and the polarizations have a 1 MHz frequency difference. A linear polarizer oriented at a 45° angle to these polarizations causes the beams to mix.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122515218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of a technique for fabricating large bare beryllium mirrors with low-scatter surfaces is described. The technique is based upon the application of a thick, high purity beryllium coating to a beryllium substrate. The technique has been identified as Be-on-Be Processing. The coating is fully dense, very low in dissolved impurities and free from both inclusions and second phase particles. These special qualities of the coating result in enhanced fabrication characteristics which result in the ability to polish a low-scatter finish superior to that which is obtained from conventional material. The character of the coating also results in enhanced response to rapid fabrication techniques. Single-point turning of the coating has been promising and numerous mirrors have been fabricated incorporating this technique. A Draper type polishing machine has also been modified to incorporate in-situ testing of figure utilizing interferometric evaluation of the Be-on-Be mirrors. Examples of mirrors produced with this technology are presented.
{"title":"Low-Scatter Large Beryllium Mirror Development","authors":"H. Moreen, Peter K Adachi","doi":"10.1364/oft.1987.wbb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1987.wbb1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a technique for fabricating large bare beryllium mirrors with low-scatter surfaces is described. The technique is based upon the application of a thick, high purity beryllium coating to a beryllium substrate. The technique has been identified as Be-on-Be Processing. The coating is fully dense, very low in dissolved impurities and free from both inclusions and second phase particles. These special qualities of the coating result in enhanced fabrication characteristics which result in the ability to polish a low-scatter finish superior to that which is obtained from conventional material. The character of the coating also results in enhanced response to rapid fabrication techniques. Single-point turning of the coating has been promising and numerous mirrors have been fabricated incorporating this technique. A Draper type polishing machine has also been modified to incorporate in-situ testing of figure utilizing interferometric evaluation of the Be-on-Be mirrors. Examples of mirrors produced with this technology are presented.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automated laser drilling of cooling holes in jet engine parts is an important part of the aircraft engine manufacturing process. Proper hole placement and shape is critical to attaining required cooling function without sacrificing structural integrity. Due to variability in the laser drilling process, each hole must be inspected individually. A video camera coupled with a precision, computer-controlled manipulator such as that used to position the part for the drilling of each hole, offers the potential for an accurate, high speed inspection system.
{"title":"Backprojection Reconstruction of Laser-Drilled Cooling Holes1","authors":"H. Tan, E. Viscito, J. Allebach, E. Delp","doi":"10.1364/oft.1986.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Automated laser drilling of cooling holes in jet engine parts is an important part of the aircraft engine manufacturing process. Proper hole placement and shape is critical to attaining required cooling function without sacrificing structural integrity. Due to variability in the laser drilling process, each hole must be inspected individually. A video camera coupled with a precision, computer-controlled manipulator such as that used to position the part for the drilling of each hole, offers the potential for an accurate, high speed inspection system.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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