{"title":"Construction of Pitch Laps for Constant and Nonconstant Radius Work","authors":"N. J. Brown","doi":"10.1364/oft.1986.wa8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.wa8","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gravity will produce non-negligible deformation in large mirrors when it is acting in the direction of optical axis. An optimum support pattern can be found to minimize the self weight deformation. The approach of this problem provided the support pattern has adequate symmetry can be obtained from the solution of Nelson and Lubliner1 in which the mirror is assumed as a thin circular flat disk. For mirrors with internal honeycomb structure the support points are constrained by the symmetry of structure and cannot be placed in rings, as is usual for large mirrors. Given a particular structure alternative symmetrical placements of the supports were explored, and solutions obtained for the fraction of weight supported by each point to get the minimum deformation. Figure 1 shows the deformation of an optimum supported honeycomb mirror with the rib pattern shown by Angel and Woolf2. The support efficiency is 2.07 × 10−7 which is close to an ideal triangular grid with the same number of support points. Scaled to an 8-m diameter and 60 cm thickness disk it corresponds to surface rms deviation of .006μm. To study the force tolerance we choose errors of the force at each support point according to a Gaussian distribution function. Figure 2 shows the deformation of this kind of support in which the standard deviation is 0.055% of the nominal force. The support efficiency degrades to 5.08 × 10−7 in this case. For comparison, Figure 1 and Figure 2 have the same gray level.
{"title":"Optimum Distribution and Tolerance of Axial Point Supports for Structured Telescope Mirrors","authors":"D. Wan, J. R. Angel","doi":"10.1364/oft.1986.wa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.wa5","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity will produce non-negligible deformation in large mirrors when it is acting in the direction of optical axis. An optimum support pattern can be found to minimize the self weight deformation. The approach of this problem provided the support pattern has adequate symmetry can be obtained from the solution of Nelson and Lubliner1 in which the mirror is assumed as a thin circular flat disk. For mirrors with internal honeycomb structure the support points are constrained by the symmetry of structure and cannot be placed in rings, as is usual for large mirrors. Given a particular structure alternative symmetrical placements of the supports were explored, and solutions obtained for the fraction of weight supported by each point to get the minimum deformation. Figure 1 shows the deformation of an optimum supported honeycomb mirror with the rib pattern shown by Angel and Woolf2. The support efficiency is 2.07 × 10−7 which is close to an ideal triangular grid with the same number of support points. Scaled to an 8-m diameter and 60 cm thickness disk it corresponds to surface rms deviation of .006μm. To study the force tolerance we choose errors of the force at each support point according to a Gaussian distribution function. Figure 2 shows the deformation of this kind of support in which the standard deviation is 0.055% of the nominal force. The support efficiency degrades to 5.08 × 10−7 in this case. For comparison, Figure 1 and Figure 2 have the same gray level.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126655199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A metal off-axis parabola is fabricated using simple machine tools when CNC equipment planned for the job fails to perform.
金属离轴抛物线是用简单的机床制造的，当数控设备计划的工作不能执行时。
{"title":"Off-Axis Parabolas, Techniques for Small Shops","authors":"Larry C. Hardin","doi":"10.1364/oft.1987.wbb8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1987.wbb8","url":null,"abstract":"A metal off-axis parabola is fabricated using simple machine tools when CNC equipment planned for the job fails to perform.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automated laser drilling of cooling holes in jet engine parts is an important part of the aircraft engine manufacturing process. Proper hole placement and shape is critical to attaining required cooling function without sacrificing structural integrity. Due to variability in the laser drilling process, each hole must be inspected individually. A video camera coupled with a precision, computer-controlled manipulator such as that used to position the part for the drilling of each hole, offers the potential for an accurate, high speed inspection system.
{"title":"Backprojection Reconstruction of Laser-Drilled Cooling Holes1","authors":"H. Tan, E. Viscito, J. Allebach, E. Delp","doi":"10.1364/oft.1986.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Automated laser drilling of cooling holes in jet engine parts is an important part of the aircraft engine manufacturing process. Proper hole placement and shape is critical to attaining required cooling function without sacrificing structural integrity. Due to variability in the laser drilling process, each hole must be inspected individually. A video camera coupled with a precision, computer-controlled manipulator such as that used to position the part for the drilling of each hole, offers the potential for an accurate, high speed inspection system.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing infrared optical components, up until the recent past, usually meant optical surfacing by conventional methods. Grinding and polishing have been the primary surfacing processes for both spherical and aspheric optics. Recent advances in both diamond turning and forging of infrared materials is providing a new competitive platform for surfacing which, in turn, is substantially changing design and manufacturing strategies. It is hoped that by informing users of recent advances in diamond turning, forward thinking in the design area will be encouraged. This paper is divided into two parts - a review of diamond turning fundamentals, followed by a presentation of selected turning results in I.R. materials.
{"title":"Diamond Turning Of Aspheric Infrared Optical Components","authors":"David C. Wender","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ftha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ftha1","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing infrared optical components, up until the recent past, usually meant optical surfacing by conventional methods. Grinding and polishing have been the primary surfacing processes for both spherical and aspheric optics. Recent advances in both diamond turning and forging of infrared materials is providing a new competitive platform for surfacing which, in turn, is substantially changing design and manufacturing strategies. It is hoped that by informing users of recent advances in diamond turning, forward thinking in the design area will be encouraged. This paper is divided into two parts - a review of diamond turning fundamentals, followed by a presentation of selected turning results in I.R. materials.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Gourley, Theresa Aiello, N. Brown, V. Chupp, Joseph Giove, D. Gourley, Tom Handy
This demonstration session brought together a group of optical cleaning problems. They were: 1. Cleaning a Brewster's angle polarizer before and after coating. 2. Cleaning a Master Optic before replication. 3. Cleaning a laser amplifier disc immediately before assembly. 4. Cleaning a lens in its metal holder. Participants demonstrated their techniques, special tools and materials.
{"title":"Demonstration - Cleaning Optics","authors":"H. Gourley, Theresa Aiello, N. Brown, V. Chupp, Joseph Giove, D. Gourley, Tom Handy","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.fthe2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.fthe2","url":null,"abstract":"This demonstration session brought together a group of optical cleaning problems. They were:\u0000 1. Cleaning a Brewster's angle polarizer before and after coating.\u0000 2. Cleaning a Master Optic before replication.\u0000 3. Cleaning a laser amplifier disc immediately before assembly.\u0000 4. Cleaning a lens in its metal holder.\u0000 Participants demonstrated their techniques, special tools and materials.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"86 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interferometry has gained general acceptance as the most credible single test means for the optical system or component whose optical path difference (OPD) must be a few wavelengths of light or less. The optical shop must be capable of delivering not only the optic that the customer ordered, but also an interferogram demonstrating the optic's quality.
{"title":"Interferometry By Diffraction Plate and Scatter-Plate","authors":"E. W. Cross","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ffa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ffa2","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometry has gained general acceptance as the most credible single test means for the optical system or component whose optical path difference (OPD) must be a few wavelengths of light or less. The optical shop must be capable of delivering not only the optic that the customer ordered, but also an interferogram demonstrating the optic's quality.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116894798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of a technique for fabricating large bare beryllium mirrors with low-scatter surfaces is described. The technique is based upon the application of a thick, high purity beryllium coating to a beryllium substrate. The technique has been identified as Be-on-Be Processing. The coating is fully dense, very low in dissolved impurities and free from both inclusions and second phase particles. These special qualities of the coating result in enhanced fabrication characteristics which result in the ability to polish a low-scatter finish superior to that which is obtained from conventional material. The character of the coating also results in enhanced response to rapid fabrication techniques. Single-point turning of the coating has been promising and numerous mirrors have been fabricated incorporating this technique. A Draper type polishing machine has also been modified to incorporate in-situ testing of figure utilizing interferometric evaluation of the Be-on-Be mirrors. Examples of mirrors produced with this technology are presented.
{"title":"Low-Scatter Large Beryllium Mirror Development","authors":"H. Moreen, Peter K Adachi","doi":"10.1364/oft.1987.wbb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1987.wbb1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a technique for fabricating large bare beryllium mirrors with low-scatter surfaces is described. The technique is based upon the application of a thick, high purity beryllium coating to a beryllium substrate. The technique has been identified as Be-on-Be Processing. The coating is fully dense, very low in dissolved impurities and free from both inclusions and second phase particles. These special qualities of the coating result in enhanced fabrication characteristics which result in the ability to polish a low-scatter finish superior to that which is obtained from conventional material. The character of the coating also results in enhanced response to rapid fabrication techniques. Single-point turning of the coating has been promising and numerous mirrors have been fabricated incorporating this technique. A Draper type polishing machine has also been modified to incorporate in-situ testing of figure utilizing interferometric evaluation of the Be-on-Be mirrors. Examples of mirrors produced with this technology are presented.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spurious interference effects in interferograms are investigated. These artifacts are caused by ghost reflections, dirt, and diffraction effects. Diagnosis and cures are discussed.
研究了干涉图中的杂散干涉效应。这些伪影是由鬼影反射、污垢和衍射效应引起的。讨论了诊断和治疗方法。
{"title":"Artifacts Sources In Interferometry","authors":"D. Eastman, C. A. Martin","doi":"10.1364/oft.1980.ffb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ffb3","url":null,"abstract":"Spurious interference effects in interferograms are investigated. These artifacts are caused by ghost reflections, dirt, and diffraction effects. Diagnosis and cures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131431549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of a worldwide sluggish economy many manufacturers of optical instruments are searching for ways to reduce cost of their products. This talk will attempt to deal with this subject by examining some potential tolerancing trade-offs which have proven successful in reducing manufacturing cost without adversely affecting optical performance.
{"title":"Shaping Methods and Cost Trade-Offs","authors":"J. Plummer","doi":"10.1364/oft.1982.mb6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1982.mb6","url":null,"abstract":"Because of a worldwide sluggish economy many manufacturers of optical instruments are searching for ways to reduce cost of their products. This talk will attempt to deal with this subject by examining some potential tolerancing trade-offs which have proven successful in reducing manufacturing cost without adversely affecting optical performance.","PeriodicalId":170034,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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