Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005403401250128
Darakhshan Qaiser, A. Srivastava, D. S. Mehta, Amit Kumar Sharma, A. Dhar, V. Seenu, K. Dalal, S. Mathur, S. Anand
A new technique of identifying tumour containing sentinel lymph node has been developed. Sentinel node biopsy is the current standard of care practice for assessing axillary nodal status in ladies with early breast cancer. Sentinel node biopsy is performed by using a combination of a blue dye and an isotope tagged to a large particulate matter like sulphur colloid or albumin. These tracers are injected in the breast tissue or skin over the breast. We describe a new method of “dual route of injection” of tracers both in the breast as well as in the systemic circulation through a peripheral vein. This method of dual route injection is expected to detect the axillary nodes containing tumour metastasis and reduce the probability of missing a “false negative sentinel lymph node”.
{"title":"Detection of tumour containing sentinel lymph node in breast cancer by injection of fluorescence tracer through “dual route” in breast tissue and intravenously","authors":"Darakhshan Qaiser, A. Srivastava, D. S. Mehta, Amit Kumar Sharma, A. Dhar, V. Seenu, K. Dalal, S. Mathur, S. Anand","doi":"10.5220/0005403401250128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005403401250128","url":null,"abstract":"A new technique of identifying tumour containing sentinel lymph node has been developed. Sentinel node biopsy is the current standard of care practice for assessing axillary nodal status in ladies with early breast cancer. Sentinel node biopsy is performed by using a combination of a blue dye and an isotope tagged to a large particulate matter like sulphur colloid or albumin. These tracers are injected in the breast tissue or skin over the breast. We describe a new method of “dual route of injection” of tracers both in the breast as well as in the systemic circulation through a peripheral vein. This method of dual route injection is expected to detect the axillary nodes containing tumour metastasis and reduce the probability of missing a “false negative sentinel lymph node”.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131950530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005403601180121
K. O. Romanenko, A. Sel'kin
Bragg reflection and transmission spectra of the 1D photonic crystals characterized by a spatially sinusoidal profile of permittivity are studied as a function of the crystal-plate thickness. Applicability of the dynamical theory of diffraction in describing such spectra is considered. In the framework of the dynamical theory, we (i) calculated and analysed the reflection and transmission spectra for oblique incidence of polarized light, (ii) computed the spectra making use of the transfer matrix technique, and (iii) compared quantitatively the results of the two approaches. As a result, the analytical dynamical theory of diffraction is found to be correct in calculating the Bragg spectra in the vicinity of single photonic band-gap when the plate thickness is equal to the integer number of the spatial periods, or the permittivity is symmetric about the middle plane of the structure.
{"title":"Dynamical diffraction area applicability in case of 1D photonic crystals with sinusoidal permittivity profile","authors":"K. O. Romanenko, A. Sel'kin","doi":"10.5220/0005403601180121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005403601180121","url":null,"abstract":"Bragg reflection and transmission spectra of the 1D photonic crystals characterized by a spatially sinusoidal profile of permittivity are studied as a function of the crystal-plate thickness. Applicability of the dynamical theory of diffraction in describing such spectra is considered. In the framework of the dynamical theory, we (i) calculated and analysed the reflection and transmission spectra for oblique incidence of polarized light, (ii) computed the spectra making use of the transfer matrix technique, and (iii) compared quantitatively the results of the two approaches. As a result, the analytical dynamical theory of diffraction is found to be correct in calculating the Bragg spectra in the vicinity of single photonic band-gap when the plate thickness is equal to the integer number of the spatial periods, or the permittivity is symmetric about the middle plane of the structure.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127033362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005336700960102
Y. P. Michel, M. Lucci, M. Casalboni, P. Steglich, S. Schrader
Optical multimode fibres have a wide variety of applications ranging from industrial to medical use. Therefore, even if they are just used as waveguides or sensors, it is important to characterise the whole fingerprint, including the optical and mechanical properties of such fibres. Since the stiffness/elasticity of a material could influence the optical output of a fibre due to micro-bendings, in this paper we report the calculated Young's Modulus of acrylate, fluorinated acrylate, polyimide and silicone, which are the four most used coating materials for such optical components. The results demonstrate that Young's Modulus does have an impact on the attenuation of propagating light along the optical fibre. However, the refractive index of the coating materials still has a significant impact on the performance of optical fibres.
{"title":"Mechanical characterisation of the four most used coating materials for optical fibres","authors":"Y. P. Michel, M. Lucci, M. Casalboni, P. Steglich, S. Schrader","doi":"10.5220/0005336700960102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005336700960102","url":null,"abstract":"Optical multimode fibres have a wide variety of applications ranging from industrial to medical use. Therefore, even if they are just used as waveguides or sensors, it is important to characterise the whole fingerprint, including the optical and mechanical properties of such fibres. Since the stiffness/elasticity of a material could influence the optical output of a fibre due to micro-bendings, in this paper we report the calculated Young's Modulus of acrylate, fluorinated acrylate, polyimide and silicone, which are the four most used coating materials for such optical components. The results demonstrate that Young's Modulus does have an impact on the attenuation of propagating light along the optical fibre. However, the refractive index of the coating materials still has a significant impact on the performance of optical fibres.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128293917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005335401010107
M. Mokhtari, G. Rostami, M. Dolatyari, A. Rostami
This paper proposes a novel ring resonator based optical filter that has an outstanding multi narrow band response due to adopting quasi structures such as Thue-Morse sequence as the radius-pattern. This capability introduces this design approach as an effective method for the design of filters for emerging dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. The design process incorporates analysing through the transfer matrix method and the powerful discrete-time signal processing techniques. Giving an adequate overview of analysing basic optical building blocks in the Z-domain, the procedure develops to analysing any optical structure imposed by mathematical sequences. The proposal is discussed employing pole-zero diagrams, discrete-time signal processing approach including apodization techniques. The point of the discrete-time signal processing approach is that the effect of dominant optical parameters over operation is clarified through the pole-zero position. Features like number of poles, bandwidth, and position of stop-bands can be controlled using ring diameter ratio. Finally, apodization of coupling coefficients attains a filter with an FWHM of 0.3 nm.
{"title":"A novel multiband filter design based on ring resonators and DSP approach","authors":"M. Mokhtari, G. Rostami, M. Dolatyari, A. Rostami","doi":"10.5220/0005335401010107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005335401010107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel ring resonator based optical filter that has an outstanding multi narrow band response due to adopting quasi structures such as Thue-Morse sequence as the radius-pattern. This capability introduces this design approach as an effective method for the design of filters for emerging dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. The design process incorporates analysing through the transfer matrix method and the powerful discrete-time signal processing techniques. Giving an adequate overview of analysing basic optical building blocks in the Z-domain, the procedure develops to analysing any optical structure imposed by mathematical sequences. The proposal is discussed employing pole-zero diagrams, discrete-time signal processing approach including apodization techniques. The point of the discrete-time signal processing approach is that the effect of dominant optical parameters over operation is clarified through the pole-zero position. Features like number of poles, bandwidth, and position of stop-bands can be controlled using ring diameter ratio. Finally, apodization of coupling coefficients attains a filter with an FWHM of 0.3 nm.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127519169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005335300960100
M. Esgandari, H. Heydarzadeh, A. Rostami, M. Dolatyari, G. Rostami
Temperature has profound effect on the performance of solar cells. Most of the electrical processes in the semiconductor devices depend on the temperature and revealed in dramatically variations in their characteristics such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, power conversion efficiency and the band gap of semiconductor. The aim of this paper is investigation of temperature effects on the Intermediate Band Solar Cells (IBSCs). The theoretical results indicate that performance of this type of the solar cells is low at high temperatures. Increasing in temperature from 300K to 600K decreases the efficiency of solar cell from 63% to 59 % and this decrement continues with temperature increment. This is while temperature can decrease the open circuit voltage and increase the short circuit current.
{"title":"Temperature effect on Intermediate Band Solar Cells (IBSCs)","authors":"M. Esgandari, H. Heydarzadeh, A. Rostami, M. Dolatyari, G. Rostami","doi":"10.5220/0005335300960100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005335300960100","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature has profound effect on the performance of solar cells. Most of the electrical processes in the semiconductor devices depend on the temperature and revealed in dramatically variations in their characteristics such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, power conversion efficiency and the band gap of semiconductor. The aim of this paper is investigation of temperature effects on the Intermediate Band Solar Cells (IBSCs). The theoretical results indicate that performance of this type of the solar cells is low at high temperatures. Increasing in temperature from 300K to 600K decreases the efficiency of solar cell from 63% to 59 % and this decrement continues with temperature increment. This is while temperature can decrease the open circuit voltage and increase the short circuit current.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132466079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005252901650171
L. Pavasarytė, B. López, A. Kareiva
A sol-gel method based on in-situ generation of mixed-metal chelates by complexing metal ions with ethane-1,2-diol in an aqueous media has been elaborated to prepare lanthanide-ion containing garnets, Tb3Al5O12 (TAG), Dy3Al5O12 (DAG) and Ho3Al5O12 (HAG) doped with different amount of Eu. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the powders sintered at 1000 °C showed the formation of monophasic TAG, DAG and HAG. The phase composition of the samples was also characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Microstructural features of the polycrystalline samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattered measurements (DLS). Luminescence properties were investigated by laser and fluorescence spectrophotometer.
{"title":"On the sol-gel preparation of selected lanthanide aluminium garnets doped with europium","authors":"L. Pavasarytė, B. López, A. Kareiva","doi":"10.5220/0005252901650171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005252901650171","url":null,"abstract":"A sol-gel method based on in-situ generation of mixed-metal chelates by complexing metal ions with ethane-1,2-diol in an aqueous media has been elaborated to prepare lanthanide-ion containing garnets, Tb<inf>3</inf>Al<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> (TAG), Dy<inf>3</inf>Al<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> (DAG) and Ho<inf>3</inf>Al<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> (HAG) doped with different amount of Eu. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the powders sintered at 1000 °C showed the formation of monophasic TAG, DAG and HAG. The phase composition of the samples was also characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Microstructural features of the polycrystalline samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattered measurements (DLS). Luminescence properties were investigated by laser and fluorescence spectrophotometer.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multi-Watt, multi-GHz laser eye-safe laser was obtained by simultaneously Q-switched Kerr-lens mode-locking and stimulated Raman scattering. The high power fundamental laser at 1342 nm was generated efficiently with a side-pump Nd:YAP laser rod. The fundamental laser was captured by the intra-cavity Raman cavity, and the mode beating of the fundamental laser and the Raman laser was maximized by setting the suitable length relationship between the fundamental cavity and the Raman cavity. The output performance of the Raman lasers with different output coupler were measured and analyzed. The maximum average output power at 1526 nm was 3.5 W, the pulse duration was about 220 ps and the pulse repetition rate was 0.64 GHz.
{"title":"High-power simultaneously Q-switched and Kerr-lens mode-locked eye-safe Nd:YAP/YVO4 intracavity Raman laser based on injection locking","authors":"Zaijun Chen, Yumeng Liu, Zhen-qiang Chen, H. Yin, Zhen Li, Weidong Chen","doi":"10.5220/0005254301570162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005254301570162","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-Watt, multi-GHz laser eye-safe laser was obtained by simultaneously Q-switched Kerr-lens mode-locking and stimulated Raman scattering. The high power fundamental laser at 1342 nm was generated efficiently with a side-pump Nd:YAP laser rod. The fundamental laser was captured by the intra-cavity Raman cavity, and the mode beating of the fundamental laser and the Raman laser was maximized by setting the suitable length relationship between the fundamental cavity and the Raman cavity. The output performance of the Raman lasers with different output coupler were measured and analyzed. The maximum average output power at 1526 nm was 3.5 W, the pulse duration was about 220 ps and the pulse repetition rate was 0.64 GHz.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115130949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005336200470052
P. Steglich, C. Villringer, S. Dümecke, Y. P. Michel, M. Casalboni, S. Schrader
Silicon-on-insulator slot-waveguide structures are designed and analysed numerically. We present our theoretical investigation of field confinement factors and effective nonlinear areas for different waveguide structures in order to find optimized geometrical dimensions. It is shown that a slot-waveguide with a height of 220 nm, a slot width of 180 nm and a silicon rail width of 180 nm provides a five times higher field confinement in the cladding region compared to conventional strip-waveguides which explains the high sensitivity of slot-waveguide based label-free bio-sensors.
{"title":"Silicon-on-insulator slot-waveguide design trade-offs","authors":"P. Steglich, C. Villringer, S. Dümecke, Y. P. Michel, M. Casalboni, S. Schrader","doi":"10.5220/0005336200470052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005336200470052","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-on-insulator slot-waveguide structures are designed and analysed numerically. We present our theoretical investigation of field confinement factors and effective nonlinear areas for different waveguide structures in order to find optimized geometrical dimensions. It is shown that a slot-waveguide with a height of 220 nm, a slot width of 180 nm and a silicon rail width of 180 nm provides a five times higher field confinement in the cladding region compared to conventional strip-waveguides which explains the high sensitivity of slot-waveguide based label-free bio-sensors.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121081924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005328400770080
Yu Zheng, Baibing Li, J. Duan
We report on a highly efficient alignment algorithm, which based on coupling model, between an optical fiber and an optical waveguide device. For 1×16 optical waveguide splitter, many repeated experiments can guarantee that the insertion loss of the device channels is less than 13.5 dB, with the maximum uniformity of 0.40 dB.
{"title":"Automatic waveguide-fiber alignment algorithm based on polynomial fitting","authors":"Yu Zheng, Baibing Li, J. Duan","doi":"10.5220/0005328400770080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005328400770080","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a highly efficient alignment algorithm, which based on coupling model, between an optical fiber and an optical waveguide device. For 1×16 optical waveguide splitter, many repeated experiments can guarantee that the insertion loss of the device channels is less than 13.5 dB, with the maximum uniformity of 0.40 dB.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125889637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-13DOI: 10.5220/0005332000670072
M. Olivier, R. Boidin, P. Hawlová, P. Němec, V. Nazabal
Chalcogenide (GeSe2)100-x(Sb2Se3)x thin films obtained using pulsed laser deposition are exposed to light with energy close to band gap energy, in order to investigate kinetics of photoinduced phenomena. It appears that a reversible transient photodarkening is observed. The metastable part of photodarkening, which seems to be slower, is followed by photobleaching. A modelling of the evolution of transmission during illumination suggests that each process has an independent effective time constant, and that magnitude of photoinduced phenomena depends on various parameters, such as laser's fluency, absorption coefficient and composition.
{"title":"Kinetics of photosensitivity in Ge-Sb-Se thin films","authors":"M. Olivier, R. Boidin, P. Hawlová, P. Němec, V. Nazabal","doi":"10.5220/0005332000670072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005332000670072","url":null,"abstract":"Chalcogenide (GeSe2)100-x(Sb2Se3)x thin films obtained using pulsed laser deposition are exposed to light with energy close to band gap energy, in order to investigate kinetics of photoinduced phenomena. It appears that a reversible transient photodarkening is observed. The metastable part of photodarkening, which seems to be slower, is followed by photobleaching. A modelling of the evolution of transmission during illumination suggests that each process has an independent effective time constant, and that magnitude of photoinduced phenomena depends on various parameters, such as laser's fluency, absorption coefficient and composition.","PeriodicalId":170064,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132849920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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