The major barriers associated with the scaling up of SCI, especially in the small farm sector, are interwoven. These include lack of proper coordination of activities of many farmers operating on small holdings, inadequate economic capacity & poor input-output services. Therefore, up-scaling efforts should not focus only on a single barrier or just on knowledge building and dissemination. Moreover, environmental degradation such as erosion and pollution are caused by the cumulative effects of non-point sources or the individual decisions by many small farmers. These cannot be effectively dealt with through point source control mechanisms. For example, unless these users are informed, motivated, and organized to collectively adopt conservation-based production, environmentally inappropriate decisions will continue to be made. Therefore, investing in Social Capital is beneficial for managing Natural Capital. FO-managed Collective Action, CA would capture economies of scale, initiate a commercialization process, and develop mutually beneficial partnerships with the private sector promoting small farmers to actively engage in market economy while maintaining equity. Hence, the paper explores the scope for enhancing resource use efficiency and overall production to ensure equitable food security and climate resilience through the combined effects of SCI and CA by farmers. Organized CA and an integrated approach can play a key role in widening SCI adoption through coordination and minimizing conflicts. In this context, the paper proposed an integrated strategy centered around social capital for enhancing production with equity and climate resilience.
{"title":"Scaling Up SCI: Social Capital-Centered Integrated Strategy for Enhancing Production with Equity and Climate Resilience","authors":"W. Cm","doi":"10.58297/zbyq1650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/zbyq1650","url":null,"abstract":"The major barriers associated with the scaling up of SCI, especially in the small farm sector, are interwoven. These include lack of proper coordination of activities of many farmers operating on small holdings, inadequate economic capacity & poor input-output services. Therefore, up-scaling efforts should not focus only on a single barrier or just on knowledge building and dissemination. Moreover, environmental degradation such as erosion and pollution are caused by the cumulative effects of non-point sources or the individual decisions by many small farmers. These cannot be effectively dealt with through point source control mechanisms. For example, unless these users are informed, motivated, and organized to collectively adopt conservation-based production, environmentally inappropriate decisions will continue to be made. Therefore, investing in Social Capital is beneficial for managing Natural Capital. FO-managed Collective Action, CA would capture economies of scale, initiate a commercialization process, and develop mutually beneficial partnerships with the private sector promoting small farmers to actively engage in market economy while maintaining equity. Hence, the paper explores the scope for enhancing resource use efficiency and overall production to ensure equitable food security and climate resilience through the combined effects of SCI and CA by farmers. Organized CA and an integrated approach can play a key role in widening SCI adoption through coordination and minimizing conflicts. In this context, the paper proposed an integrated strategy centered around social capital for enhancing production with equity and climate resilience.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Started in Viet Nam in 2003 and was piloted in small areas via the demonstration fields in four provinces in northern Viet Nam, Systematic Rice Intensification (SRI) has proven its agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits and thus has been promoted widely in Viet Nam for almost two decades to almost 50 rice production landscapes that helped to improve livelihood for more than one million of smallholder farmers; reduced water irrigation by 40%; production cost of 32% and increased yield by 13-29% as compared to the conventional practices during the period of 2010- 2015. Viet Nam has been recognized as the world’s third largest rice exporter (Department Crop Production of Vietnam, 2021), given almost 80% of agricultural land for rice cultivation (IRRI Online) and mobilization of advanced farming practices among other efforts. Overtime, key principles of SRI have been further developed and refined to be ecological-based suitable and enhance multi-dimensions efficacy. Mobilizing the combination of both literature review and primary data, this paper reviews the key milestones and results of SRI over the past two decades in VN; and makes a systematic review of the transition from SRI to System Crop Intensification (SCI) that are more relevant and pragmatic to the rice farming practices in different eco-systems and market needs in Viet Nam. A case study of the AgResults Vietnam Emissions Reduction Challenges Project (AVERP) showcases the sophisticated and innovative development of key principles of SRI to ecological and market-based SCI for sustainable and low carbon rice cultivation as well as the readiness of the roles of private sector in technology transferring and scaling those SCI to almost 48,000 smallholder rice farmers of 89 Co-ops over four (04) cropping season in Thai Binh province of Viet Nam.
{"title":"A Systemic Review of System of Rice Intensification Journey and System of Crop Intensification Development in the Rice Sector of Viet Nam","authors":"T. Thu","doi":"10.58297/kplu7014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/kplu7014","url":null,"abstract":"Started in Viet Nam in 2003 and was piloted in small areas via the demonstration fields in four provinces in northern Viet Nam, Systematic Rice Intensification (SRI) has proven its agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits and thus has been promoted widely in Viet Nam for almost two decades to almost 50 rice production landscapes that helped to improve livelihood for more than one million of smallholder farmers; reduced water irrigation by 40%; production cost of 32% and increased yield by 13-29% as compared to the conventional practices during the period of 2010- 2015. Viet Nam has been recognized as the world’s third largest rice exporter (Department Crop Production of Vietnam, 2021), given almost 80% of agricultural land for rice cultivation (IRRI Online) and mobilization of advanced farming practices among other efforts. Overtime, key principles of SRI have been further developed and refined to be ecological-based suitable and enhance multi-dimensions efficacy. Mobilizing the combination of both literature review and primary data, this paper reviews the key milestones and results of SRI over the past two decades in VN; and makes a systematic review of the transition from SRI to System Crop Intensification (SCI) that are more relevant and pragmatic to the rice farming practices in different eco-systems and market needs in Viet Nam. A case study of the AgResults Vietnam Emissions Reduction Challenges Project (AVERP) showcases the sophisticated and innovative development of key principles of SRI to ecological and market-based SCI for sustainable and low carbon rice cultivation as well as the readiness of the roles of private sector in technology transferring and scaling those SCI to almost 48,000 smallholder rice farmers of 89 Co-ops over four (04) cropping season in Thai Binh province of Viet Nam.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74196005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panneerselvam Peramaiyan, Malay Bhowmick K, A. K, Sudhanshu Singh
{"title":"Improving Productivity and Profitability of Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Eastern India","authors":"Panneerselvam Peramaiyan, Malay Bhowmick K, A. K, Sudhanshu Singh","doi":"10.58297/nytb8422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/nytb8422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78252976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the effect of changing the depths of water and planting methods on soil properties and rice yields under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in the Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI). The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels and four planting methods. The irrigation treatments included 4 water drop levels (WDL) in observation well: 6 cm, 10 cm, 14 cm water drop levels below the soil surface and continuous flooding with 5 cm layer of water above soil. Four planting methods included seed drilling, broadcasting, transplanting 12 day old seedling and transplanting 21 day-old seedlings. Lowland rice (FARO 44) was established in randomized complete block design. Alternate wetting and drying at 6 and 14 cm WDL showed 14.27 % and 11.59 % increase in total porosity respectively, when compared with initial soil total porosity. All plots showed a decrease in bulk density compared with initial soil bulk density. Paddy yield for irrigation treatments ranged between 6.03-9.92 t ha-1, with AWD at 10 cm WDL having highest yield of 9.92 t ha-1, the lowest was observed in the continuously flooded plots (6.03t ha-1). System of rice intensification method of transplanting was observed to yield 10.08 t ha-1 of paddy and showed percentage increases in paddy yields by 26.3%, 69.9% and 33.5% over conventional transplanting (21 day seedling), broadcasting and drilling, respectively. This study showed the superiority of using younger seedlings in transplanting and 10cm water drop level in the observation well for increased food security and income.
本研究旨在研究水稻集约化系统(SRI)中不同的水深和不同的种植方式对干湿交替条件下土壤性质和水稻产量的影响。处理包括4个灌溉水平和4种种植方式。灌溉处理包括观察井的4个水位线(WDL):土壤表面以下6 cm、10 cm、14 cm水位线和土壤以上5 cm水位线的连续淹水处理。四种种植方式分别为打种、撒播、12日龄苗移栽和21日龄苗移栽。低地水稻(FARO 44)采用随机完全区组设计。与初始土壤总孔隙度相比，6 cm和14 cm干湿交替处理土壤总孔隙度分别增加了14.27%和11.59%。所有样地的容重均比初始土壤容重降低。灌溉处理的水稻产量在6.03 ~ 9.92 t hm -1之间，10 cm WDL的AWD产量最高，为9.92 t hm -1，连续淹水处理的产量最低，为6.03t hm -1。水稻集约化定植体系的水稻产量为10.08 t hm -1，比常规定植(21日苗)、放秧和打秧分别增产26.3%、69.9%和33.5%。本研究表明，采用幼苗移栽和观察井降水水平为10cm对提高粮食安全和收入具有优势。
{"title":"Effects of Alternate Wetting and Drying Water Levels and Planting Methods on Performance of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and Selected Soil Properties in a Nigerian Sudan Savanna","authors":"A. A, Lawal Hm, O. E., Abu St, Christian At","doi":"10.58297/kqva9294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/kqva9294","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of changing the depths of water and planting methods on soil properties and rice yields under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in the Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI). The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels and four planting methods. The irrigation treatments included 4 water drop levels (WDL) in observation well: 6 cm, 10 cm, 14 cm water drop levels below the soil surface and continuous flooding with 5 cm layer of water above soil. Four planting methods included seed drilling, broadcasting, transplanting 12 day old seedling and transplanting 21 day-old seedlings. Lowland rice (FARO 44) was established in randomized complete block design. Alternate wetting and drying at 6 and 14 cm WDL showed 14.27 % and 11.59 % increase in total porosity respectively, when compared with initial soil total porosity. All plots showed a decrease in bulk density compared with initial soil bulk density. Paddy yield for irrigation treatments ranged between 6.03-9.92 t ha-1, with AWD at 10 cm WDL having highest yield of 9.92 t ha-1, the lowest was observed in the continuously flooded plots (6.03t ha-1). System of rice intensification method of transplanting was observed to yield 10.08 t ha-1 of paddy and showed percentage increases in paddy yields by 26.3%, 69.9% and 33.5% over conventional transplanting (21 day seedling), broadcasting and drilling, respectively. This study showed the superiority of using younger seedlings in transplanting and 10cm water drop level in the observation well for increased food security and income.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78294057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
System of crop intensification is one of the important concept to improve the productivity and to sustain the income of the farmers in long run. The doubling of farmers’ income is the talk of the day to help them in their livelihood in spite of various constraints face in the field. Climate change is another challenge in the years to come for the farming sectors. Field experiments were conducted from 2016 to 2019 to evaluate the establishment technique in ragi (SRgI) wherein the experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The treatment consists of three establishment techniques viz., Spacing: S1 (22.5 X 22.5 cm), S2 (25 X 25 cm) and S3 (30 X 30 cm), Number of seedling: N1 (one seedling per hill) and N2 (two seedlings per hill) and Age of seedling: A1 (12 days old seedling), A2 (15 days old seedling) and A3 (18 days old seedling) and control (22.5 X 10 cm, two seedlings per hill and 18 days old seedlings). The results revealed that single seedling with 12 days’ age under wider spacing (30 X 30cm) was the suitable establishment technique to meet the challenges of increased production in millets. It was found that SRgI technique could result in single stroke harvest of ragi, avoiding multiple harvests. The results from the previous research of SRgI was considered, as a tool for mitigating climate change strategies viz., high temperature and low rainfall. The experiments were taken up (2019-21) under Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The treatments consist of two factors viz., Date of sowing: S1 (Sowing on June 1st week), S2 (Sowing on June 2nd week), S3 (Sowing on June 3rd week) and S4 (Sowing on June 4th week); and Variety: V1(TRY1), V2 (CO14), and V3 (CO 15). SRgI method of planting was adopted i.e., single seedling with wider spacing. From the reference of the pertaining data, it can be deduced that early sowing of variety TRY 1 and CO 15 on 1st and 2nd week of June respectively could increase the production of ragi, minimize the risk of pest incidence and reduce the cost of production thereby support as a resistant crop to mitigate the climate change concepts projected in near future keeping in view of the System of Crop Intensification and its benefits.
作物集约化制度是提高生产力和长期维持农民收入的重要理念之一。尽管农民在田间面临各种限制，但收入翻倍是帮助他们维持生计的热门话题。气候变化是未来几年农业部门面临的另一个挑战。为评价ragi (SRgI)的建立技术，于2016 - 2019年进行了现场试验，试验采用因子随机区组设计，重复3次。处理包括三种建立技术，即间距:S1 (22.5 X 22.5 cm)， S2 (25 X 25 cm)和S3 (30 X 30 cm)，苗数:N1(每山一株)和N2(每山两株)，苗龄:A1(12天苗)，A2(15天苗)和A3(18天苗)和对照(22.5 X 10 cm，每山两株，18天苗)。结果表明，较宽间距(30 × 30cm)下12日龄单苗是应对水稻增产挑战的适宜栽培技术。发现SRgI技术可以实现一次采收，避免多次采收。以往SRgI的研究成果被认为是缓解气候变化策略(高温少雨)的工具。试验采用因子随机区组设计(2019- 2021)，重复3次。处理包括播种日期两个因素:S1(6月1日周播种)、S2(6月2日周播种)、S3(6月3日周播种)和S4(6月4日周播种);品种:V1(TRY1)， V2 (CO14)， V3 (co15)。采用SRgI法种植，即单苗宽间距种植。根据相关数据，可以推断，在6月的第1周和第2周分别播种品种TRY 1和CO 15可以增加ragi的产量，最大限度地降低害虫发生的风险，降低生产成本，从而支持作为抗性作物缓解近期气候变化的概念，同时考虑到作物集约化系统及其效益。
{"title":"System of Crop Intensification in Ragi for Sustained Productivity to Meet the Challenges in Climate Change","authors":"Narayanan Al, Rajeshwari S, Sukanya Ts","doi":"10.58297/fyur9752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/fyur9752","url":null,"abstract":"System of crop intensification is one of the important concept to improve the productivity and to sustain the income of the farmers in long run. The doubling of farmers’ income is the talk of the day to help them in their livelihood in spite of various constraints face in the field. Climate change is another challenge in the years to come for the farming sectors. Field experiments were conducted from 2016 to 2019 to evaluate the establishment technique in ragi (SRgI) wherein the experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The treatment consists of three establishment techniques viz., Spacing: S1 (22.5 X 22.5 cm), S2 (25 X 25 cm) and S3 (30 X 30 cm), Number of seedling: N1 (one seedling per hill) and N2 (two seedlings per hill) and Age of seedling: A1 (12 days old seedling), A2 (15 days old seedling) and A3 (18 days old seedling) and control (22.5 X 10 cm, two seedlings per hill and 18 days old seedlings). The results revealed that single seedling with 12 days’ age under wider spacing (30 X 30cm) was the suitable establishment technique to meet the challenges of increased production in millets. It was found that SRgI technique could result in single stroke harvest of ragi, avoiding multiple harvests. The results from the previous research of SRgI was considered, as a tool for mitigating climate change strategies viz., high temperature and low rainfall. The experiments were taken up (2019-21) under Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The treatments consist of two factors viz., Date of sowing: S1 (Sowing on June 1st week), S2 (Sowing on June 2nd week), S3 (Sowing on June 3rd week) and S4 (Sowing on June 4th week); and Variety: V1(TRY1), V2 (CO14), and V3 (CO 15). SRgI method of planting was adopted i.e., single seedling with wider spacing. From the reference of the pertaining data, it can be deduced that early sowing of variety TRY 1 and CO 15 on 1st and 2nd week of June respectively could increase the production of ragi, minimize the risk of pest incidence and reduce the cost of production thereby support as a resistant crop to mitigate the climate change concepts projected in near future keeping in view of the System of Crop Intensification and its benefits.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74708085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study to Estimate Water Savings, Yield and Income Benefits from using SRI Methods in Southern Iraq","authors":"Khidhir Abbas Hameed -","doi":"10.58297/krhi2562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/krhi2562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75037096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally the demand for organic farming is increasing and farmers need to adopt novel technologies to resolve the challenges during the practicing of organic farming. Organic agriculture includes sustainability of agricultural production, supporting the rural economy, maintaining ecological and environmental strength within agricultural systems, and also establishing sustainable human health. Improving crop productivity and income of the farmers is to be based on soil health management, pest and disease control, and adapting novel marketing strategies. The utilization of farmyard manure, vermicompost, and biofertilizers in organic farming develops soil health and plant growth that can be benefited by farmers by increasing crop yield and ecosystem health. The application of biopesticide and biocultural agents for controlling pest and diseases on the crop in organic farming will enhance crop yield and also reduces environmental pollution. Organic farmers need to adapt novel marketing strategies to sell their farm produce and to get higher economic benefits. The food produced from sustainable farming increases the health of the human, soil, and environment.
{"title":"The Major Challenges and Scope for Sustainable Agriculture Development in India","authors":"Ravindra Babu V, M. P, Suman K, Neeraja Cn","doi":"10.58297/bwcp7350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/bwcp7350","url":null,"abstract":"Globally the demand for organic farming is increasing and farmers need to adopt novel technologies to resolve the challenges during the practicing of organic farming. Organic agriculture includes sustainability of agricultural production, supporting the rural economy, maintaining ecological and environmental strength within agricultural systems, and also establishing sustainable human health. Improving crop productivity and income of the farmers is to be based on soil health management, pest and disease control, and adapting novel marketing strategies. The utilization of farmyard manure, vermicompost, and biofertilizers in organic farming develops soil health and plant growth that can be benefited by farmers by increasing crop yield and ecosystem health. The application of biopesticide and biocultural agents for controlling pest and diseases on the crop in organic farming will enhance crop yield and also reduces environmental pollution. Organic farmers need to adapt novel marketing strategies to sell their farm produce and to get higher economic benefits. The food produced from sustainable farming increases the health of the human, soil, and environment.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79443014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro irrigation is found to be the only alternative to sustain irrigated crops in a scenario of impending shortage of fresh water the country is facing. Farmers in India have successfully adopted MI taking the country to number one position in MI coverage (16.6 million ha) in the world. Continuing with the adoption process, even rice crop is successfully grown with drip irrigation. Data on yield, water consumption and water productivity of basmati rice grown in selected farmers’ field with drip irrigation in Haryana is reported here. Rice yield improved by 10-18%, water consumption reduced by 51% and water productivity enhanced by 63%. The drip system could also be adapted to the rotation crop in the rice-wheat cropping system.
{"title":"Spread of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation in India and its Role in Enhancing Water Productivity of Rice Crop","authors":"S. P.","doi":"10.58297/oozs3097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/oozs3097","url":null,"abstract":"Micro irrigation is found to be the only alternative to sustain irrigated crops in a scenario of impending shortage of fresh water the country is facing. Farmers in India have successfully adopted MI taking the country to number one position in MI coverage (16.6 million ha) in the world. Continuing with the adoption process, even rice crop is successfully grown with drip irrigation. Data on yield, water consumption and water productivity of basmati rice grown in selected farmers’ field with drip irrigation in Haryana is reported here. Rice yield improved by 10-18%, water consumption reduced by 51% and water productivity enhanced by 63%. The drip system could also be adapted to the rotation crop in the rice-wheat cropping system.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81357729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the influence of fluctuating global climate scenario and limited resources of water availability, different methods of rice cultivation like System of rice intensification (SRI), Direct seeded rice (DSR), Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and Aerobic rice have become popular as alternatives to conventional transplanting method. Due to these shifting cultivation situations, insect pest profiles have also undergone changes with associated influence on beneficial insects and other natural enemies. Multi-location studies carried out under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) have revealed significantly less incidence of major pests like stem borers, planthoppers in SRI compared to normal rice transplanting method. Overall, the SRI method leads to more robust plant health with enhanced capacity to resist pest attacks. In case of DSR, AICRIP studies have consistently revealed higher incidence of all the insect pests in the normal transplanted method compared to DSR. However, few reports have indicated association of insect pest outbreaks with higher seed rate and plant densities. Limited studies have shown that AWD also has the potential to minimize the incidence of insect pests and diseases compared to irrigated rice. However, soil borne pests, particularly root-knot nematode can be more damaging under aerobic conditions. Field cum laboratory studies carried out at ICAR IIRR on impact of cultivation systems on the rich insect biodiversity in rice have revealed association of higher total abundance and greater richness of beneficial insect species with SRI management.
{"title":"Impact of Rice Cultivation Methods on Insect Pest Incidence and Their Management","authors":"G. Katti, Padmavathi Ch","doi":"10.58297/xhff3294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/xhff3294","url":null,"abstract":"Under the influence of fluctuating global climate scenario and limited resources of water availability, different methods of rice cultivation like System of rice intensification (SRI), Direct seeded rice (DSR), Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and Aerobic rice have become popular as alternatives to conventional transplanting method. Due to these shifting cultivation situations, insect pest profiles have also undergone changes with associated influence on beneficial insects and other natural enemies. Multi-location studies carried out under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) have revealed significantly less incidence of major pests like stem borers, planthoppers in SRI compared to normal rice transplanting method. Overall, the SRI method leads to more robust plant health with enhanced capacity to resist pest attacks. In case of DSR, AICRIP studies have consistently revealed higher incidence of all the insect pests in the normal transplanted method compared to DSR. However, few reports have indicated association of insect pest outbreaks with higher seed rate and plant densities. Limited studies have shown that AWD also has the potential to minimize the incidence of insect pests and diseases compared to irrigated rice. However, soil borne pests, particularly root-knot nematode can be more damaging under aerobic conditions. Field cum laboratory studies carried out at ICAR IIRR on impact of cultivation systems on the rich insect biodiversity in rice have revealed association of higher total abundance and greater richness of beneficial insect species with SRI management.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90963615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatial cropland products are of great importance in water and food security assessments, especially in India, which is home to nearly 1.4 billion people and 160 million hectares of net cropland area. In India, croplands account for about 90% of all human water use. Cropland extent, cropping intensity, crop watering methods and crop types are important factors that have a bearing on the quantity, quality and location of production. Currently, cropland products are produced using mainly coarse-resolution (250-1000 m) remote sensing data., our study was aimed at producing three distinct spatial products at 30m and 250m resolution that would be useful and needed to address food and water security challenges. The first of these, Product 1, was to assess irrigated versus rainfed croplands in India using Landsat 30 m data in GEE platform. The second, Product 2, was to map major crop types using MODIS 250 m data. The third, Product 3, to map cropping intensity (single, double and triple cropping) using MODIS 250 m data. For the kharif season (the main cropping season in India, Jun-Oct), 9 major crops (5 irrigated crops: rice, soybean, maize, sugarcane, cotton and 5 rainfed crops: pulses, rice, sorghum, millet, groundnut) were mapped. For the rabi season (post rainy season, Nov-Feb), 5 major crops (3 irrigated crops: rice, wheat, maize and 2 rainfed crops: chickpea, pulses) were mapped. The irrigated versus rainfed 30 m product showed an overall accuracy of 79.8% with the irrigated cropland class providing a producer’s accuracy of 79% and the rainfed cropland class 74%. The overall accuracy demonstrated by the cropping intensity product was 85.3% with producer’s accuracies of 88%, 85% and 67% for single, double, and triple cropping respectively. Crop types were mapped to accuracy levels ranging from 72% to 97%. A comparison of the crop type area statistics with national statistics explained 63-98% variability. The study highlights production of multiple cropland products to support food security studies using multiple satellite sensor big-data, and RF machine learning algorithm that were coded, processed and computed.
{"title":"Spatial Products for Crop Monitoring and Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"M. –","doi":"10.58297/wzdg6244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/wzdg6244","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial cropland products are of great importance in water and food security assessments, especially in India, which is home to nearly 1.4 billion people and 160 million hectares of net cropland area. In India, croplands account for about 90% of all human water use. Cropland extent, cropping intensity, crop watering methods and crop types are important factors that have a bearing on the quantity, quality and location of production. Currently, cropland products are produced using mainly coarse-resolution (250-1000 m) remote sensing data., our study was aimed at producing three distinct spatial products at 30m and 250m resolution that would be useful and needed to address food and water security challenges. The first of these, Product 1, was to assess irrigated versus rainfed croplands in India using Landsat 30 m data in GEE platform. The second, Product 2, was to map major crop types using MODIS 250 m data. The third, Product 3, to map cropping intensity (single, double and triple cropping) using MODIS 250 m data. For the kharif season (the main cropping season in India, Jun-Oct), 9 major crops (5 irrigated crops: rice, soybean, maize, sugarcane, cotton and 5 rainfed crops: pulses, rice, sorghum, millet, groundnut) were mapped. For the rabi season (post rainy season, Nov-Feb), 5 major crops (3 irrigated crops: rice, wheat, maize and 2 rainfed crops: chickpea, pulses) were mapped. The irrigated versus rainfed 30 m product showed an overall accuracy of 79.8% with the irrigated cropland class providing a producer’s accuracy of 79% and the rainfed cropland class 74%. The overall accuracy demonstrated by the cropping intensity product was 85.3% with producer’s accuracies of 88%, 85% and 67% for single, double, and triple cropping respectively. Crop types were mapped to accuracy levels ranging from 72% to 97%. A comparison of the crop type area statistics with national statistics explained 63-98% variability. The study highlights production of multiple cropland products to support food security studies using multiple satellite sensor big-data, and RF machine learning algorithm that were coded, processed and computed.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79821014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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