Conventional paddy production is the world’s largest single consumer of water and uses 34-43% of the total world’s irrigation water or 24-30% of the total world’s freshwater withdrawals. Water scarcity constrains agricultural production, particularly for rice, one of the most important global food crops. Adopting a system of rice intensification (SRI) can raise yields and income while using lesser water and other inputs. Additional benefits of SRI are diminished greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less runoff water pollution, and greater climate resilience. Changes in crop and water management practices for growing rice offer improvement in food security, could conserve resources, benefits the environment, and be adaptable to climate change. Evidence to support these facts is discussed here in this paper.
{"title":"How System of Rice Intensification Conserve Resources, Benefits Environment and Resilient to Climate Change","authors":"A. Thakur","doi":"10.58297/bsig2426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/bsig2426","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional paddy production is the world’s largest single consumer of water and uses 34-43% of the total world’s irrigation water or 24-30% of the total world’s freshwater withdrawals. Water scarcity constrains agricultural production, particularly for rice, one of the most important global food crops. Adopting a system of rice intensification (SRI) can raise yields and income while using lesser water and other inputs. Additional benefits of SRI are diminished greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less runoff water pollution, and greater climate resilience. Changes in crop and water management practices for growing rice offer improvement in food security, could conserve resources, benefits the environment, and be adaptable to climate change. Evidence to support these facts is discussed here in this paper.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83292102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the System of Crop Intensification (SCI), which has developed from SRI experience, should not be understood as technologies like those of the Green Revolution. Thinking of them as methodologies is more appropriate, in part, because they keep evolving rather than being something fixed and given. This paper reviews and organizes the many versions of rice and other crop management that have emerged from SRI, using the computer software convention of numbering successive versions with a series of ascending numbers, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. SRI 1.0 is the original set of practices developed and recommended by Fr. Henri de Laulanié in Madagascar some 40 years ago. As SRI has spread to over 60 countries, they have proved to be generally quite effective. Happily, as the experience was gained with these practices, their underlying principles were discerned and systematized, as discussed in the paper. SRI 2.0 is a set of adaptations of the original practices to be effective under different constraints or opportunities. The principles remain the same – rainfed SRI, direct-seeded SRI, mechanized SRI, etc. SRI 3.0 is the extension and adaptation of SRI ideas and principles to other crops – wheat, ragi, sugarcane, mustard, etc. – in other words, the System of Crop Intensification. SRI 4.0 is the integration of SRI ideas and practices into farming systems, going beyond mono-cropped rice production. SRI 5.0 is the use of SRI for purposes beyond agricultural production like reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, climate-proofing crops against the hazards of climate change, improving women’s conditions of work, increasing the nutritional quality of grains and other foods, and other ‘externalities’. SRI 6.0 is the research that scrutinizes SRI practices and results to advance scientific understanding that will benefit crop science, soil science, microbiology and other disciplines. These versions are not sequential as all are currently operative, and none displaces the others. SRI has shown the prime importance of two factors: plant roots’ growth and functioning; and the soil’s life – the myriad organisms from microbes to earthworms that improve soil and crop performance. SRI seeks to elicit the genetic potentials that already exist in crop plants and in soil systems. By getting the fuller expression of this potential, SRI and SCI evoke better, more robust phenotypes from a given variety (genotype). Particularly as Indian and other farmers must cope with the adverse stresses of climate change, it will become important to grow crops with better, bigger root systems in soil systems that have greater abundance, activity, and diversity of beneficial soil organisms. This suggests that SRI and SCI alternatives will better suit the farmers’ and the country’s needs over time than past and present agricultural technologies.
水稻集约化系统(SRI)和作物集约化系统(SCI)是在水稻集约化系统经验的基础上发展起来的，不应该被理解为绿色革命的技术。在某种程度上，将它们视为方法学更为合适，因为它们是不断发展的，而不是固定和给定的东西。本文使用计算机软件惯例，用一系列升序数字对连续的版本进行编号，如1.0、2.0、3.0等，回顾和组织了从水稻和其他作物管理中产生的许多版本。SRI 1.0是大约40年前由马达加斯加的Henri de laulani神父开发和推荐的一套最初的实践。由于SRI已经扩展到60多个国家，它们已被证明是相当有效的。令人高兴的是，随着从这些实践中获得经验，它们的基本原则被识别和系统化了，正如本文所讨论的那样。SRI 2.0是对原始实践的一组调整，以便在不同的约束条件或机会下有效。原则保持不变——降雨式SRI、直接播种式SRI、机械化SRI等。SRI 3.0是SRI理念和原则在其他作物上的延伸和适应，如小麦、油菜、甘蔗、芥菜等，换句话说，就是作物集约化系统。SRI 4.0是将SRI理念和实践整合到农业系统中，超越单一作物水稻生产。SRI 5.0是指将SRI用于农业生产以外的目的，如减少温室气体排放、种植抵御气候变化危害的耐气候作物、改善妇女的工作条件、提高谷物和其他食品的营养质量，以及其他“外部性”。SRI 6.0是仔细审查SRI实践和结果的研究，以促进科学理解，这将有利于作物科学，土壤科学，微生物学和其他学科。这些版本不是顺序的，因为所有版本当前都是可操作的，并且没有一个取代其他版本。SRI显示了两个因素的首要重要性:植物根系的生长和功能;还有土壤的生命——从微生物到蚯蚓的无数生物，它们改善了土壤和作物的性能。SRI寻求激发已经存在于作物植物和土壤系统中的遗传潜力。通过更充分地表达这种潜力，SRI和SCI从给定的品种(基因型)中唤起更好、更健壮的表型。特别是当印度和其他国家的农民必须应对气候变化带来的不利压力时，在有益土壤生物更丰富、更活跃、更多样化的土壤系统中种植根系更好、更大的作物将变得非常重要。这表明，随着时间的推移，SRI和SCI替代方案将比过去和现在的农业技术更适合农民和国家的需求。
{"title":"Overview of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Around the World","authors":"Lucy H Fisher","doi":"10.58297/utuf5167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/utuf5167","url":null,"abstract":"The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the System of Crop Intensification (SCI), which has developed from SRI experience, should not be understood as technologies like those of the Green Revolution. Thinking of them as methodologies is more appropriate, in part, because they keep evolving rather than being something fixed and given. This paper reviews and organizes the many versions of rice and other crop management that have emerged from SRI, using the computer software convention of numbering successive versions with a series of ascending numbers, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. SRI 1.0 is the original set of practices developed and recommended by Fr. Henri de Laulanié in Madagascar some 40 years ago. As SRI has spread to over 60 countries, they have proved to be generally quite effective. Happily, as the experience was gained with these practices, their underlying principles were discerned and systematized, as discussed in the paper. SRI 2.0 is a set of adaptations of the original practices to be effective under different constraints or opportunities. The principles remain the same – rainfed SRI, direct-seeded SRI, mechanized SRI, etc. SRI 3.0 is the extension and adaptation of SRI ideas and principles to other crops – wheat, ragi, sugarcane, mustard, etc. – in other words, the System of Crop Intensification. SRI 4.0 is the integration of SRI ideas and practices into farming systems, going beyond mono-cropped rice production. SRI 5.0 is the use of SRI for purposes beyond agricultural production like reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, climate-proofing crops against the hazards of climate change, improving women’s conditions of work, increasing the nutritional quality of grains and other foods, and other ‘externalities’. SRI 6.0 is the research that scrutinizes SRI practices and results to advance scientific understanding that will benefit crop science, soil science, microbiology and other disciplines. These versions are not sequential as all are currently operative, and none displaces the others. SRI has shown the prime importance of two factors: plant roots’ growth and functioning; and the soil’s life – the myriad organisms from microbes to earthworms that improve soil and crop performance. SRI seeks to elicit the genetic potentials that already exist in crop plants and in soil systems. By getting the fuller expression of this potential, SRI and SCI evoke better, more robust phenotypes from a given variety (genotype). Particularly as Indian and other farmers must cope with the adverse stresses of climate change, it will become important to grow crops with better, bigger root systems in soil systems that have greater abundance, activity, and diversity of beneficial soil organisms. This suggests that SRI and SCI alternatives will better suit the farmers’ and the country’s needs over time than past and present agricultural technologies.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90806988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is the key crop for food, feed, and nutritional security of millions of smallholder farmers and consumers in the developing world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Asia, and Latin America. CIMMYT and partners have adopted innovative approaches over the last one decade to develop, evaluate, and deliver elite stress-resilient and nutritionally enriched maize varieties with relevant client-preferred traits, especially in the stress-prone tropics. Effective integration of modern breeding tools and strategies, including high-throughput and precision phenotyping, doubled haploid (DH) technology, and genomics-assisted breeding, are integral part of these efforts leading to impressive genetic gains, while enhancing the pace, precision, and efficiency of breeding pipelines. Through extensive public-private partnerships, CGIAR-derived climate-resilient and multiple stress-tolerant improved maize varieties are being deployed in over 13 countries in SSA, four countries in South Asia, and several countries across Latin America. Certified seed production of CGIAR-derived improved stress-tolerant maize varieties was estimated to cover approximately 7.2 million hectares in SSA in 2022, reaching an estimated 7.2 million households, and benefitting 44 million people. In the past five years, a total 20 high-yielding drought and heat stress-tolerant maize hybrids were released in South Asia, including four new hybrids in 2022 – BWMRI-2 in Bangladesh; Rampur Hybrid-12 in Nepal; and IMH-222 and IMH-223 in India. In collaboration with seed company partners, certified seed production of climate-resilient maize hybrids scaled-up from a baseline of just 70 MT in 2018-19 to 1026 MT in 2021-22, and deployed in about 50,000 hectares in various stress-vulnerable targeted ecologies in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, reaching 128,200 farm families. Experiences of CIMMYT strongly indicate that besides strengthening the seed sector, adoption of progressive seed laws and regulations, are vital for improving smallholder farmers’ access to climate-resilient improved seed. Policy support and institutional innovations are also required for overcoming key bottlenecks affecting maize seed value chain.
{"title":"Breeding and Deploying Multiple Stress-Tolerant Maize Varieties in the Tropics","authors":"P. Bm","doi":"10.58297/ojpn7450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/ojpn7450","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the key crop for food, feed, and nutritional security of millions of smallholder farmers and consumers in the developing world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Asia, and Latin America. CIMMYT and partners have adopted innovative approaches over the last one decade to develop, evaluate, and deliver elite stress-resilient and nutritionally enriched maize varieties with relevant client-preferred traits, especially in the stress-prone tropics. Effective integration of modern breeding tools and strategies, including high-throughput and precision phenotyping, doubled haploid (DH) technology, and genomics-assisted breeding, are integral part of these efforts leading to impressive genetic gains, while enhancing the pace, precision, and efficiency of breeding pipelines. Through extensive public-private partnerships, CGIAR-derived climate-resilient and multiple stress-tolerant improved maize varieties are being deployed in over 13 countries in SSA, four countries in South Asia, and several countries across Latin America. Certified seed production of CGIAR-derived improved stress-tolerant maize varieties was estimated to cover approximately 7.2 million hectares in SSA in 2022, reaching an estimated 7.2 million households, and benefitting 44 million people. In the past five years, a total 20 high-yielding drought and heat stress-tolerant maize hybrids were released in South Asia, including four new hybrids in 2022 – BWMRI-2 in Bangladesh; Rampur Hybrid-12 in Nepal; and IMH-222 and IMH-223 in India. In collaboration with seed company partners, certified seed production of climate-resilient maize hybrids scaled-up from a baseline of just 70 MT in 2018-19 to 1026 MT in 2021-22, and deployed in about 50,000 hectares in various stress-vulnerable targeted ecologies in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, reaching 128,200 farm families. Experiences of CIMMYT strongly indicate that besides strengthening the seed sector, adoption of progressive seed laws and regulations, are vital for improving smallholder farmers’ access to climate-resilient improved seed. Policy support and institutional innovations are also required for overcoming key bottlenecks affecting maize seed value chain.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82210881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SCI – Building Climate Resilience for Achieving Food and Livelihood Security – Experience from Contrasting","authors":"D. Sen, Seema Ravandale","doi":"10.58297/rrin2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/rrin2463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"50 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a package of practices that changes how rice is grown in paddies, which incredibly increases yields. Rather than fully flooded paddy systems, SRI involves among its practices, the alternate wetting and drying of paddies which saves water, use of less seeds, wider crop spacing, transplanting one seedling per hill and use of organic fertilizers, all of which result in a sturdier rice plant. Other benefits include better grain quality, healthier work environments through reduced water-borne disease vectors and as a climate-smart practice. Data from several African counties shows that SRI increases rice yields by between 20% to 80% depending on variety and local conditions, saves water by about 39% and reduces seed requirement by 66%. SRI has been adopted by millions of farmers worldwide, while within Africa, some 25 countries are documented to have adopted SRI. This paper presents the opportunities inherent in enhancing and promoting SRI adoption of the in Africa. To facilitate this, the SRI-Africa knowledge portal was launched in 2018. The portal collates and shares data, information, publications and happenings in SRI from African counties, thus facilitating promotion of SRI in Africa and worldwide (visit https://sri-africa.net/).
{"title":"System of Rice Intensification: Impacts on Crop Productivity and Saving Water in Africa","authors":"Bancy Mati M","doi":"10.58297/gwet8377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/gwet8377","url":null,"abstract":"The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a package of practices that changes how rice is grown in paddies, which incredibly increases yields. Rather than fully flooded paddy systems, SRI involves among its practices, the alternate wetting and drying of paddies which saves water, use of less seeds, wider crop spacing, transplanting one seedling per hill and use of organic fertilizers, all of which result in a sturdier rice plant. Other benefits include better grain quality, healthier work environments through reduced water-borne disease vectors and as a climate-smart practice. Data from several African counties shows that SRI increases rice yields by between 20% to 80% depending on variety and local conditions, saves water by about 39% and reduces seed requirement by 66%. SRI has been adopted by millions of farmers worldwide, while within Africa, some 25 countries are documented to have adopted SRI. This paper presents the opportunities inherent in enhancing and promoting SRI adoption of the in Africa. To facilitate this, the SRI-Africa knowledge portal was launched in 2018. The portal collates and shares data, information, publications and happenings in SRI from African counties, thus facilitating promotion of SRI in Africa and worldwide (visit https://sri-africa.net/).","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86478660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, India stands first in rice area and second in rice production. To feed the growing population, rice production has to be increased amid strong competition for limited resources including land. Also, concerns have been raised about yield gaps in rice. The system of rice intensification is one of the strategies to narrow the yield gaps. Rice is the major crop in India, therefore, the identification of an energy-efficient rice cultivation system is important to food security and sustainable intensification (SI). Hence, a comparison was made between conventional and the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods of rice cultivation by conducting two experiments. One field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2017 at 25 locations across India under the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project and another experiment was conducted in 2017 using surveys by collecting data from 262 randomly selected SRI farmers using a personal interview method in the Telangana state of India. The 5-year experimental data revealed that the SRI method of cultivation produced higher rice grain yield (up to 55%) compared to the conventional transplanting method. Survey data revealed that total costs of rice production reduced by 22.71% under SRI. Break even output under SRI was reduced by 58.1%. Adoption of SRI saved total energy inputs by 4350 MJ/ ha. The energy productivities were 0.16 kg/MJ and 0.21 kg/MJ for conventional and SRI methods, respectively. Therefore, for ensuring higher productivity, net returns, energy efficiency and sustainable rice production it is recommended to adopt an environmentally friendly SRI method of crop establishment in the Telangana region of India. Based on the constraints as perceived by the farmers, policy options for scaling up of SRI are suggested.
{"title":"Actionable Policy Options for Scaling-Up System of Rice Intensification for Ensuring Higher Productivity, Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Rice Production","authors":"Nirmala Bandumula","doi":"10.58297/wlvg5830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/wlvg5830","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, India stands first in rice area and second in rice production. To feed the growing population, rice production has to be increased amid strong competition for limited resources including land. Also, concerns have been raised about yield gaps in rice. The system of rice intensification is one of the strategies to narrow the yield gaps. Rice is the major crop in India, therefore, the identification of an energy-efficient rice cultivation system is important to food security and sustainable intensification (SI). Hence, a comparison was made between conventional and the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods of rice cultivation by conducting two experiments. One field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2017 at 25 locations across India under the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project and another experiment was conducted in 2017 using surveys by collecting data from 262 randomly selected SRI farmers using a personal interview method in the Telangana state of India. The 5-year experimental data revealed that the SRI method of cultivation produced higher rice grain yield (up to 55%) compared to the conventional transplanting method. Survey data revealed that total costs of rice production reduced by 22.71% under SRI. Break even output under SRI was reduced by 58.1%. Adoption of SRI saved total energy inputs by 4350 MJ/ ha. The energy productivities were 0.16 kg/MJ and 0.21 kg/MJ for conventional and SRI methods, respectively. Therefore, for ensuring higher productivity, net returns, energy efficiency and sustainable rice production it is recommended to adopt an environmentally friendly SRI method of crop establishment in the Telangana region of India. Based on the constraints as perceived by the farmers, policy options for scaling up of SRI are suggested.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"46 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80145054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite showing positive results over a decade by millions of farmers across India, System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and now called as System of Crop Intensification (SCI) has not received adequate appreciation through upscaling and investments policy. SRI however, was featured as an innovation to be up scaled in the 12th Five Year Plan. Recently, It has been considered as one of the technologies to increase the production under Niti Ayog’s policy paper (2017) on doubling farmers income. The schemes like SAGY, NFSM, NRLM, etc. also promote SRI as one of the agriculture based livelihood enhancement techniques. Some of the states have been on forefront to adopt SRI in their government schemes and diverted the funds from existing schemes for SRI demonstration, promotions, training, upscaling, etc. The strategy in each state differs in the way civil societies, research institutes, academics, etc. played a role in promotion of SRI. Based on the differential approaches used by states, rainfed conditions and experience of promotion for almost a decade, three case study states, Bihar, Odisha and Tripura were chosen for this analysis. The learning from each state has been drawn to understand - factors instrumental in upscaling and success, reasons of de-adaptation and accordingly recommendation are drawn.
{"title":"Learnings from SRI Upscaling Experience in Bihar, Tripura and Odisha","authors":"Seema Ravandale, D. Sen","doi":"10.58297/hzxk6564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/hzxk6564","url":null,"abstract":"Despite showing positive results over a decade by millions of farmers across India, System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and now called as System of Crop Intensification (SCI) has not received adequate appreciation through upscaling and investments policy. SRI however, was featured as an innovation to be up scaled in the 12th Five Year Plan. Recently, It has been considered as one of the technologies to increase the production under Niti Ayog’s policy paper (2017) on doubling farmers income. The schemes like SAGY, NFSM, NRLM, etc. also promote SRI as one of the agriculture based livelihood enhancement techniques. Some of the states have been on forefront to adopt SRI in their government schemes and diverted the funds from existing schemes for SRI demonstration, promotions, training, upscaling, etc. The strategy in each state differs in the way civil societies, research institutes, academics, etc. played a role in promotion of SRI. Based on the differential approaches used by states, rainfed conditions and experience of promotion for almost a decade, three case study states, Bihar, Odisha and Tripura were chosen for this analysis. The learning from each state has been drawn to understand - factors instrumental in upscaling and success, reasons of de-adaptation and accordingly recommendation are drawn.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75831701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Singh Dk, S. Yadav, Supriya Tripathi, K. Sharma, Yogesh S. Sharma
{"title":"Organic Farming, Nutritional Security and Environment Sustainability","authors":"Singh Dk, S. Yadav, Supriya Tripathi, K. Sharma, Yogesh S. Sharma","doi":"10.58297/raor3817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/raor3817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74927950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramyabrata Chakraborty, Ravindra Kumar -, S. -, A. -, A. Srivastava
A blessing from Lord Buddha some 3,000 years ago, and now a heritage rice of Uttar Pradesh, India is valued for its aroma, taste and nutritive quality. Its cultivation declined from 50,000 ha to less than 2,000 ha and was at the verge of extinction. No attention was paid for improving Kalanamak and it survived as landrace due to the mercy of the farmers. PRDF collected, catalogued and conserved 250 accessions of Kalanamak, and the best one, through Pureline selection, was released in 2007 and notified in 2010 as KN 3. Mutation breeding using gamma rays and EMS gave many academically interesting mutants but no high yielding dwarfs. Hybridization of KN 3 with Swarna Sub1 and Improved Sambha Mahsuri yielded varieties like Bauna Kalanamak 101, Bauna Kalanamak 102 and Kalanamak with shorter duration and 50% higher yield, released and notified in years 2016, 2017 and 2019 respectively. Protocol for organic production with higher yield was developed and certification under PGS arranged. Kalanamak is sugar-free with 49 to 52% Glycemic Index, 11% protein, 3 times higher Iron and 4 times higher Zinc. It is unique rice to have Vitamin A in form of Beta Carotene. Kalanamak is backed by Geographical Indication and PPV and FRA, and selling at five times higher price of common rice tripling farmers’ income. Now exported to Singapore, Nepal and Dubai has opened door to prosperity and added diversity to Basmati for export. This success story can be repeated for other land rices of speciality status.
{"title":"Improvement of Local Speciality Rices as a Boon to Health, Wealth and Export Diversity: Case of Kalanamak Rice","authors":"Ramyabrata Chakraborty, Ravindra Kumar -, S. -, A. -, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.58297/ieyo2582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/ieyo2582","url":null,"abstract":"A blessing from Lord Buddha some 3,000 years ago, and now a heritage rice of Uttar Pradesh, India is valued for its aroma, taste and nutritive quality. Its cultivation declined from 50,000 ha to less than 2,000 ha and was at the verge of extinction. No attention was paid for improving Kalanamak and it survived as landrace due to the mercy of the farmers. PRDF collected, catalogued and conserved 250 accessions of Kalanamak, and the best one, through Pureline selection, was released in 2007 and notified in 2010 as KN 3. Mutation breeding using gamma rays and EMS gave many academically interesting mutants but no high yielding dwarfs. Hybridization of KN 3 with Swarna Sub1 and Improved Sambha Mahsuri yielded varieties like Bauna Kalanamak 101, Bauna Kalanamak 102 and Kalanamak with shorter duration and 50% higher yield, released and notified in years 2016, 2017 and 2019 respectively. Protocol for organic production with higher yield was developed and certification under PGS arranged. Kalanamak is sugar-free with 49 to 52% Glycemic Index, 11% protein, 3 times higher Iron and 4 times higher Zinc. It is unique rice to have Vitamin A in form of Beta Carotene. Kalanamak is backed by Geographical Indication and PPV and FRA, and selling at five times higher price of common rice tripling farmers’ income. Now exported to Singapore, Nepal and Dubai has opened door to prosperity and added diversity to Basmati for export. This success story can be repeated for other land rices of speciality status.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88083821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy plays a key role in agricultural production, post-production, rural domestic and livestock raising sectors, both directly as different forms of energy and fuel inputs for various purposes like operation of machinery, equipment, lighting, etc., and indirectly, for seed, fertilizers and chemicals production used in rural activities. India needs a secure, affordable and sustainable energy system to power effective economic growth well supported with renewable energy sources. Engineering interventions for effective (functionally, energetically and economically) systems is utmost needed for rural India. There is need for a revolution in mechanized agriculture, so that new energy efficient systems and machines can be recommended and introduced for small and marginal farmers. There is need to enhance the power availability and optimize the energy input to the rural sector to obtain the better income to agro-rural producers, traders and industrialists. Energy interventions are needed to use the locally available energy sources curtailing the use of fossil energies. The major targets in Indian perspective are the use of available and developed renewable and conventional energy sources and gadgets in rural society and agro-industry using all kinds of available biomass resources including solar electricity, heating and pumping at decentralised mode. We need to employ recent advanced technologies like plasma technology, nano-technology, IoT, artificial intelligence and robotics for effective generation of energy and valued products from rural local renewable resources. Research on solar energy use for production agriculture is challenging due to fluctuating need of torque depending on the agricultural field conditions. The use of batteries for storing and releasing power is another concern for long term use of solar photovoltaic (SPV) gadgets. Bio-CNG has emerged as an option for ex-situ management of crop residue. Thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion based electrical power routes are available and there is a need to promote these with better incentives. Energy efficient functionally improved mechanical systems to be introduced in the Indian farms need to be evolved.
{"title":"Application of Renewable Energy in Indian agriculture","authors":"S. Gangil, Mehta Cr","doi":"10.58297/uvow8034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58297/uvow8034","url":null,"abstract":"Energy plays a key role in agricultural production, post-production, rural domestic and livestock raising sectors, both directly as different forms of energy and fuel inputs for various purposes like operation of machinery, equipment, lighting, etc., and indirectly, for seed, fertilizers and chemicals production used in rural activities. India needs a secure, affordable and sustainable energy system to power effective economic growth well supported with renewable energy sources. Engineering interventions for effective (functionally, energetically and economically) systems is utmost needed for rural India. There is need for a revolution in mechanized agriculture, so that new energy efficient systems and machines can be recommended and introduced for small and marginal farmers. There is need to enhance the power availability and optimize the energy input to the rural sector to obtain the better income to agro-rural producers, traders and industrialists. Energy interventions are needed to use the locally available energy sources curtailing the use of fossil energies. The major targets in Indian perspective are the use of available and developed renewable and conventional energy sources and gadgets in rural society and agro-industry using all kinds of available biomass resources including solar electricity, heating and pumping at decentralised mode. We need to employ recent advanced technologies like plasma technology, nano-technology, IoT, artificial intelligence and robotics for effective generation of energy and valued products from rural local renewable resources. Research on solar energy use for production agriculture is challenging due to fluctuating need of torque depending on the agricultural field conditions. The use of batteries for storing and releasing power is another concern for long term use of solar photovoltaic (SPV) gadgets. Bio-CNG has emerged as an option for ex-situ management of crop residue. Thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion based electrical power routes are available and there is a need to promote these with better incentives. Energy efficient functionally improved mechanical systems to be introduced in the Indian farms need to be evolved.","PeriodicalId":17022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rice Research and Developments","volume":"49 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76372808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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